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Copyright of Journal of Literature & Humanities / Edebiyat ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Even if Kemali Söylemezoglu, who performed various roles of architect such as designer, urbanist, and preservationist throughout his career, has been known as an academician, it isn't easy to position him as a writer since he wrote only a few numbers of texts, in contrast with his major job as an academic. Contrary to the norm, his literary production as a translator is more voluminous than the texts bearing his name. From this point, this research discusses whether the architect used the practice of translation as a means of conveying his thoughts. His identity as a writer was examined through the texts in which he acts as a translator. The research focuses on two translated texts named "Six Lectures on Urban Architecture" and "Housing Construction and New Settlements in Sweden", the longest of his works/texts. In this context, Söylemezoglu's habitus, which includes French and German languages and cultures, and his translation methodology were examined as these factors are effective in shaping his identity as both translator and writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Binomial pairs are meaningful phrases made up of at least two words, and have functions such as amplifying and intensifying the meaning, and adding certainty to the meaning. The meaning that a binomial pair adds to the expression needs to be evaluated according to the context in which it is used. Binomial pairs also provide connotations such as uneasiness (e.g. walking up and down) and uncertainty (e.g. more or less). Therefore, it is expected that these culture-specific linguistic resources will be evaluated in terms of different aspects such as meaning, effect and function, and translated in the target language in a way that is best reflected, in other words 'equivalent'. In this study, a literary work whose original language is German and three different translations of the work are discussed with regard to binomial pairs. Binomial pairs in the source text were compared with their translations and evaluated within the scope of equivalence, and it was determined whether there was an overlap between their meaning, usage and functions. Translation approaches used in cases where there is no equivalence were investigated. The findings revealed that the binomial pairs in the source text were mostly transferred to the target language with binomial pairs and semantic equivalence is provided in the translations. Furthermore, it was found that the binomial pairs in the translations are context-appropriate and functionally equivalent to the binomial pairs in the source text. In cases where there is no equivalence, translation is made according to the meaning, and sometimes it is omitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erdem is the property of Ataturk Kultur Merkezi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Examination of the doctoral dissertations in the field of German language education in Turkey in terms of research trends will help to determine the current research directions and priority topics and to provide systematic information on these theses. Based on this idea, the doctoral dissertations conducted between 2010 and 2021 in the field of German language education, which were reached through the CoHE (Councel of Higher Education) theses center, were included in this study. The distribution of these doctoral dissertations examined within the scope of the study according to years, subjects, research methods, samples, data collection and analysis processes are emphasized. As a result of the study, it was seen that between 2010-2021, the most doctoral dissertations were made in 2020, mostly written in German, the most research was done on topics related to pedagogical field knowledge, the mixed research method was more preferred, the university students were chosen most frequently among the sample types, and the range of 31-100 was the most preferred sample size. Finally, it was determined that the survey, success testing, document and interview were frequently utilized from data collection tools and the qualitative data analysis technique was more commonly used in the analysis of data collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

German language and literature departments have been established in many universities in Turkey since 1935. Today, there are 13 German Language and Literature departments at undergraduate level. The education period of these departments is 5 years in total, including 1 year of preparatory education and 4 years of undergraduate education. However, when the Department of German Language and Literature at Fırat University was examined, it was determined that there was no preparatory education. Students enrolled in the department are taken to the department with an English exam instead of a German exam. This situation causes students to study in the department with very insufficient or even zero knowledge of German. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the positive or negative aspects of the absence of preparatory education in the Department of German Language and Literature at Fırat University in line with the opinions of the students. The research group of the study is 142 students studying at Fırat University German Language and Literature. The participants stated that the lack of preparatory education caused many negativities and that it was an obstacle to the success of the education and training process. The absence of preparatory education negatively affects students cognitively by affecting grammar, pronunciation, language skills, field courses, vocabulary, passing the class, and literature courses. In addition, many negative affective effects such as inability to adapt to the department, lack of self-confidence, low motivation, development of prejudice, and feeling of failure were also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The general purpose of this study is to compare the 2006-2011-2017-2018 Secondary Education German Course Curricula with each other in general terms such as the aims, structure and basic features of the program. Additionally, to what extent the current developments in the field of language education are included in these curricula was also investigated. For this purpose, document analysis was used as a research design in this study In this context, German Course Curriculums prepared for German education were examined in chronological order and the common and different aspects of these programs were revealed. When we look at the four curricula examined, what they all have in common is that they are based on a 6-level language level based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Considering the similar aspects of these programs, it is seen that they adopt a student-centered and communicative approach. In these programs, in which language is seen as a communicative tool, topics from daily life are included. While the most comprehensive of these programs, which are generally built on top of each other, is the 2011 German Course Curriculum, with the changes made in 2017, the German Course Curriculum has become simpler and has been updated in 2018 with a few minor changes and has been implemented in secondary education institutions since. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies / Divan Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dil Araştırmaları is the property of Journal of Dil Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the semantics and pragmatics of the German keyword "Kollektiv" based on its actual uses in public discourse and by political actors. "Kollektiv" is regarded as a concept of greatsocial significance, yet it is also a most controversial notion. It relates to the universal values and benefits of collectivism such as mutual assistance, solidarity, effective cooperation when coping with difficulties, mutual support and sympathy. However, otherfeatures of collectivism such as having to integrate oneself into the community, setting equal boundaries for individuals, and invading people's privacy activate negative meanings. This governs the evaluation-based polysemy of the keyword. The explanatory approach in this paper was formulated against the background of deontic meaning as a basic concept in semantics to analyze social evaluation of salient lexis. On par with their descriptive meaning, keywords have a deontic meaning component that their denotational interpretability depends on. The study was carried out as corpus-driven discourse analytical research. Discourse analysis proceeded as noncritical linguistic discourse analysis. To provide a functional perspective on Kollektiv, the "Digital Dictionary of the German Language" / "Das Digitale Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache" was used with its two sections of dictionaries and text corpora. Two specialized corpora from the "Digital dictionary" were employed: the "Corona corpus" that contains electronic texts with over 50 mln tokens on the coronavirus pandemic, and the corpus "Political Speeches" containing records of proceedings of the government bodies of Germanspeaking countries and regions as well as transcripts of oral speeches delivered by politicians. We show that the word "Kollektiv"is employed both as description and as evaluation setting up both positive and negative deontics. The deontic polysemy of "Kollektiv" is activated in contextual uses. The conducted study addresses the way in which linguistic forms get integrated in larger activities in the social world and how, through salient lexicalizations in discourse, they open up the perspective to social diversity and polyphony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern times, the expansion of intercultural relations and changes, the strengthening of globalization in all spheres of society, the reform of educational programs, the development of all kinds of speaking activities in foreign language studies. It is known from the history of German language teaching methods that pragmatic didactics in the field of foreign language teaching methods already existed in Germany in the early 1970s. However, many researchers have thought that the development of communication skills instead of didactics and that this activity is superior in language acquisition. The pragmadidactics purpose of establishing mutual communication relations in the teaching of the German language is one of the main tasks of the field we are studying. Mutual communication skills determine communication relations with German speakers. To develop communication skills, appropriate forms of application and automatic transmission of pragmatic knowledge are necessary. In this process, the transmission of participants' thoughts during communication creates a basis for the formation and development of language knowledge, skills and habits. The training is a type of activity that allows you to communicate in German and strengthen social relations. The basis of foreign language teaching is, among other skills, the creation and formation of social communication skills, social activities, relationships and interactions of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lehahayer is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to identify field elective courses, their areas and academic terms that are offered by German Language Education undergraduate programs (2006/2007 CoHE) in Turkey. As elective courses appeal to the field and they are distinctive, the present study particularly focuses on them. Content analysis method was used in the study. The population of the study involved the course pools of German Language Education undergraduate programs which are active and offered by 14 universities in Turkey. The sample consisted of in-field elective courses in the course pools of these programs. Data used in the study were obtained from the universities' web-pages. The courses, which will be analyzed, are classified into 11 field categories. These are Grammar, Country Knowledge (German History and / or Culture), Computer Assisted Foreign Language, Translation, Literature (Philosophy), Professional German (Tourism, Business German), Performing Arts (Cinema, Theatre, Drama), Four Basic Language Skills (Reading, Writing, Listening, Comprehension), Linguistics, Media-Communication and Other Categories (Activities for German Learning and Teaching, Assessment and Evaluation). SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis. The study consists of two parts: theory and practice. In the first part of the study, historical development of education faculties in Turkey will be discussed. Subsequently, information towards German Language Education will be presented. In this part, the content of field elective courses and their change over time will be mentioned. In the second part of the study, the data are visually listed on the basis of the universities. In the conclusion part, the data obtained are interpreted and suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to compare the attitudes of Preparatory Class Students at German Language Teaching Programme towards German Classes regarding different variables. In the study, survey research model, one of the quantitative research methods, was employed. The population of the study consisted of the students who study at preparation classes at German Language Teaching Programme at universities in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of students studying German Language Teaching preparatory program at Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Gazi University, Anadolu University and Hakkari University. The data was gathered using “German Class Attitude Scale” and “Personal Information Form”. The data gathered in the study were analysed using SPSS 21 package program. While analysing the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean) were benefited. In order to analyse the relationships between independent variables, T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized. As a result of the research, the general attitude of the participants towards the German classes corresponded to the “I agree” option in the scale. Depending on this data, it can be inferred that the students of German Language Teaching as a Foreign Language had a positive attitude towards German classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu University Journal of Art & Design / Sanat & Tasarım is the property of Anadolu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of German Language & Literature / Istanbul Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyai Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is a qualitative research that reveals the opinions of the university students about an important national problem, the gradual reduction of our Turkish vocabulary, based on the results of a survey study applied to senior students of the German and Turkish language teaching department of a public university as of 2018-2019 academic year. It is aimed to obtain how students are aware of this problem, what kind of solutions they suggest, and to what extent and why the Turkish and German language teacher education students' perspectives diverge on this subject, and to contribute to the evaluation of the opinions of our teacher candidates who are important stakeholders of education and to raise awareness about the subject. The results of the survey study using Likert type scale were evaluated by converting them into numerical data. As a result, it was observed that the students of both programs agreed that our personal vocabulary decreased, but their awareness diverged on certain topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahmet Sarı, one of the recent names of Turkish story writing, deals with various topics in his six published story books. It is quite obvious that stories by Ahmet Sarı are intertwined with life. This aspect is accomplished by including crime news, animal kingdom, the impact of several celebrities, himself and his family in his stories. The concept of being intertwined with life is also apparent in his stories with the use of some foreign words due to being born and raised in Germany and being a Professor at German Language and Literature department. Apart from that aspect, being scientific also plays a part in his stories in the form of repetition, response, folk belief, colloquial language, psychology and medicine. The writer produces works in postmodern and poetic style as well as handling verses from the Quran and mysticism. In his certain stories, criticism and uneasiness stand out. Sarı, including detail and imagery in a number of stories, frequently uses words like edim, kayra, esrime and nobran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transkription texts called a turkish Works which written without the Arabic alphabet. Turkish language materials so called Transkription texts are wortten whit the alphabet of Latin, Greek, Armanian, Kiril, Assyrian, Jew, Georgian etc. In this paper two transcription texts, which were written in 1869 in German language, and their spelling properties will be introduced. Transcription texts are important sources since they give information about Turkish language phonology, morphology, syntax and vocabulary for the time period when they were written and geography where they were written. The oldest identified transcription is Codex Cumanicus. The oldest transcription which brings light to Turkish language spoken in Turkey is Regola written by Argenti in 16 th century. Nowadays, German, French, Italian and English transcription texts are being still discovered. Adolf Wahrmund’s “Praktische Handbuch der osmanisch-türkischen Sprache” and P.J. Piqure’s “Grammatik der türkisch-osmanischen Umgangssprache: nebst einem Anhange von einer Auswahl verschiedener Gespräche, Sprichwörter und einer Wörtersammlung in alphabetischer Ordnung: mit genauer Verzeichnung der Aussprache” works are useful and benefical works for people who want to study this area.

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to examine the differences and similarities of two different cultures on the basis of contemporary metaphor theory and try to explain them with examples. In this context, metaphor is not a part of the art of saying or speaking, life is the meaning of the whole world of meaning, behavior and thoughts of both cognitive and emotional and bodily kneaded expresses the meaning of the individual in the semantic integrity. Based on this definition of Lakoff and Johnson (1998), this study will explore the German and Turkish idioms and try to reveal the awareness of two different cultures on the same subject. As can be seen, the method to be used will be tried to be revealed by using metaphor analysis in terms of mouth, in both German and Turkish, in terms of meaning, which can be close to each other, same and very different, and to have differences in cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mevzu is the property of Ali Sever and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Language is one of the most basic elements of society. Translation from one language to another is an action providing the communication between societies. There are many departments teaching in different languages at universities where students are trained. Students who are studying in the Department of German Language and Literature take courses in translation as well as other field courses and conduct translations through different texts from German to Turkish and/or from Turkish to German. The lessons are conducted in two parts which are theoretical and practical, and students are practically taught to translate over various texts. In this study, the texts that chosen for students were translated in practice and these actions were recorded visually. The course materials prepared within the scope of the study were uploaded on a weekly basis in line with the course schedule. In this context, visuals of weekly topics were uploaded to the system so that students have access to information on the online system. Since the transactions can be tracked through a program accessed on the internet, it could be checked whether this system has been accessed or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transkription texts called a turkish Works which written without the Arabic alphabet. Turkish language materials so called Transkription texts are wortten whit the alphabet of Latin, Greek, Armanian, Kiril, Assyrian, Jew, Georgian etc. In this paper two transcription texts, which were written in 1869 in German language, and their spelling properties will be introduced. Transcription texts are important sources since they give information about Turkish language phonology, morphology, syntax and vocabulary for the time period when they were written and geography where they were written. The oldest identified transcription is Codex Cumanicus. The oldest transcription which brings light to Turkish language spoken in Turkey is Regola written by Argenti in 16 th century. Nowadays, German, French, Italian and English transcription texts are being still discovered. Adolf Wahrmund's "Praktische Handbuch der osmanisch-türkischen Sprache" and P.J. Piqure's "Grammatik der türkisch-osmanischen Umgangssprache: nebst einem Anhange von einer Auswahl verschiedener Gespräche, Sprichwörter und einer Wörtersammlung in alphabetischer Ordnung: mit genauer Verzeichnung der Aussprache" works are useful and benefical works for people who want to study this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the factors that affect students' German language learning achievement in high school grade of 11th were explored. For this purpose, the factors that affect German language learning achievement such as gender, the education level of the parents, family income, having a own room, belief of German language learning achievement have been investigated. The sample of the study consisted of 120 high school students in Elazığ- Turkey. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis. The result of study showed that gender, the education level of the parents, family income, having an own room, belief of German language learning achievement had statistically significant effects on students' German language learning achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education & Science / Egitim ve Bilim is the property of Turkish Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study discusses the changes of computer assisted lessons on us. In other words, how the method of E-learning impacts the learning process and how this impact should be evaluated. In this context the theoretical connections were highlighted firstly and out of this theoretical fundament it will be shown how the method of distance education (Moodle) and traditional learning methods influence each other. According to the study Moodle itself was explained then why it was chosen and how it is spread globally. The reason of electing Moodle and its advantage is shown by comparing the methods of education systems (in Turkey). The application is used in the translation lesson of the department of German language in Hacettepe University and literature and the paper will show changes in terms of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]