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Introduction. Non-invasive methods of research of the human organism clinical conditions have been widely used in medicine as a diagnostic and prognostic test. Since the protein content of human urine is closely related to the peculiarity of the functioning of biological systems, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics are promising markers for control of various processes in organism. An important source of protein markers is the results of detailed proteomics (two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins followed by mass spectrometry) of human urine, depending on the disease. Recently, the protein of SRC8 (Sarc family protein kinase substrate or cortactin) was detected among 12 new proteins in urine protein analyzes in breast cancer patients. The aim of the study. To investigate the spectrum of cortactin isoforms in the urine of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and their diagnostic value as a potential molecular marker of its severity. Materials and methods. In a randomized pre-stratified method, 18 patients (women – 41.7 %, males – 58.3 %) of 54.8 ± 2.5 years old who were treated at Lviv Regional Hepatological Center based on the department of Internal Medicine №1 of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University and Gastroenterological Department of the Communal Nonprofit Enterprise of the Lviv Regional Council ″Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital″. The experimental group (EG) was formed of 12 patients (100.0 %) with LC of different etiology (6 people (50.0 %) – toxic-alimentary, 1 (8.3 %) – C-viral, 2 (16.7 %) – primary biliary, 2 (16.7 %) – toxic-alimentary + C-viral, 1 (8.3 %) – autoimmune + toxic-alimentary. The control group (CG) was formed of 10 practically healthy persons of the corresponding age and gender. Patients were provided with a comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental examination of all organs and systems in accordance with the requirements of modern medicine. In addition, in all of the examined persons 10.0 ml of urine morning portion was taken, it was prepared according to the procedure, and subsequently the proteins with acetone were precipitated in a ratio of 1:6 and subjected to SDS-electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis using commercial monospecific anti-cortactin antibodies. Statistical processing of information was carried out using programs Microsoft Office Excel 2010 with the estimation of the authenticity of the revealed changes using the Student’s t-criterion (W. S. Gosett) (the difference was considered significant for p < 0.05) were done. Diagnostic sensitivity of the certain protein was determined by the diagnostic specificity, prognostic significance of positive results, prognostic significance of negative results, and diagnostic effectiveness of the parameter. Results. During the study of the spectrum of immunologically reactive proteins in urine specimens of 12 patients with LC it was found that 9 of 12 patients had polypeptide with a molecular weight of 64 kDa, 4 subjects – 52 kDa protein, 8 – 24 kDa protein. It also has been found that immunoglobulin-related cortactin polypeptides with a molecular weight of 98, 64 and 24 kDa were present in the CG – 9 out of 10 urine specimens of healthy people contained protein with molecular weight of 64 kDa, one – 24 kDa, one – 98 kDa. According to the comparative analysis of the results obtained, it can be argued that 24 kDa protein found in 8 patients with LC was observed only in one of 10 urine specimens of the controls; 64 kDa polypeptide – in 9 persons of EG and 9 controls; 98 kDa – in nobody from the EG and only in the urine of one patient of the CG; 52 kDa protein – in 4 persons of EG and in nobody from the controls. 52 kDa protein, found in individuals of the EG, was not detected in the urine of any patient from the CG. After analyzing the information on 4 patients in whose urine 52 kDa protein was identified, it was found that in all LC was at the stage of decompensation (class C according to the criteria of C. H. G. Child – R. N. Pugh), in connection with which it can be assumed that the appearance of this protein in urine may be associated with the LC severity increase. 24 kDa protein was significantly more commonly found in the EG (8 persons – 6 patients had LC at the stage of decompensation, class C according to the criteria of C. H. G. Child – R. N. Pugh, in two – at the stage of subcompensation, class B according to the criteria of C. G. Child – R. N. Pugh) than in the CG (1 person) (p = 0.0039). Conclusions. Investigation of protein content in urine using western blot analysis using commercial antibodies to human cortactin allowed the identification of various molecular forms of peptides that differ in patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology and healthy persons: the protein with the molecular weight of 52 kDa was present only in the urine of the experimental group patients, 24 kDa polopeptide was significantly (p = 0.0039) more likely common in the experimental than in the control group. The increase of the detection rate of 24.0 kDa proteins and the appearance of 52.0 kDa proteins in the urine may be associated with the appearance of the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis. However, the assessment of their diagnostic value needs the further research.

Product is an essential industrial manufacturing that creates high economic value worldwide. Global entrepreneurs’ lack of marketing management led to a severe problem in the manufacturing preparation and control of the supply chain. Therefore, this research aims to develop the product supply chain using axiomatic design and a model canvas to generate a product manufacturing model. A particular case study proved the results. The result showed a suitable model for the product supply chain that can increase entrepreneurs’ profitability through the matrix design. As a result, a suitable model was created for Thailand’s industry. For this purpose, axiomatic design was applied to create a model that could increase supply chain efficiency. In addition, the implications provide capacity and readiness for manufacturers. The output of the appropriate model allows for developing and improving the supply chain strategy according to the Industry 4.0 strategy. However, this model should be tested in manufacturing enterprises to increase reliability. According to the applied methods and described management tools, entrepreneurs can operate their enterprises sustainably and gain market profitability in the future.

Gout is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the joints, which is often accompanied by comorbid pathology, most often diseases of the cardiovascular system and metabolic disorders. This fact reflects the influence of hyperuricemia and the lack of compensation for purine metabolism disorders. Most researchers explain the lack of effective control of purine metabolism in gout with patients’ low adherence to treatment. This idea led to the formation of the concept of insufficient use of hypouricemic therapy and, as a result, to the lack of control over the course of the disease and the possibility of preventing the deterioration of the general state of the patient’s health, which is largely due to the progression of concomitant pathology. Many retrospective studies demonstrate a low frequency of timely appointment of hypouricemic therapy, inefficient dosage, which does not allow to reach target levels of SC in blood serum and effectively control the disease. Febuxostat is an effective means of reducing the level of SC in the blood serum in this disease. The literature provides data on the serious advantages of febuxostat over other hypouricemic agents. The purpose of this work was to study the possibility of obtaining a clinical and laboratory effect in a short time after the start of febuxostat therapy (up to 3 months) in patients with gouty nephropathy who have concomitant pathology. A study of the efficacy and safety of febuxostat (tablets of 80 or 120 mg) was conducted in gout patients with concomitant diseases. The observation period was 3 months, during which time the possibility of patients achieving the target level of SC (≤360 μmol/l) was evaluated. 6 patients reached the target SC level within 1.5 months of treatment. In 19 (30%) patients, the SC level decreased to ≤360 μmol/L after 3 months of therapy. Exacerbations of gout were noted in the first 2 months of therapy in individual patients and were characterized by less activity of joint syndrome. It is known that hyperuricemia is one of the main risk factors for endothelial dysfunction, which, in turn, contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and damage to target organs. Regardless of hypertension, an increase in the level of SC in the blood serum affects the cells of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle, leading to the formation of microvascular damage to the kidneys. According to our data, the presence of CKD, DM and/or hypertension significantly reduces the speed of reaching the target levels of SC and increases the frequency of new cases of gout attacks, each of which increases the severity of inflammation, as well as the risk of cardiovascular disasters and death. Achieving the target level of SC in 6 patients 1.5 months after starting febuxostat and in a quarter of patients after 3 months. therapy demonstrates its powerful hypouricemic effect, which provides an early response to treatment.

This article covers a case of a rare genetic disorder – Wilson’s disease. It is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that attracts the close attention of scientists since the disease affects many organs and systems of a patient and can develop both in children and in adults. Wilson’s disease occurs with similar frequency throughout the world. It is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene identified on the long arm of the 13th chromosome, as well as by the heterozygous carriage. The copper metabolism disorder determined by the genetic changes plays a major role in the development of Wilson’s disease. The excess copper accumulates in the liver parenchyma, nervous tissue and in the peripheral cornea (so-called Kayser-Fleischer rings) which results in subsequent organ damage. Since there is no unified examination that could confirm or rule out Wilson’s disease, it is necessary that doctors are able to define the symptoms of this disease. The early detection of symptoms and diagnostic studies can improve the disease prognosis. The aim of our research was to study the debut of Wilson’s disease in a 39-year-old patient with comorbid pathology. We also analyzed the difficulties of managing patients with Wilson’s disease in the example of this clinical case. We considered different mechanisms of the disease development and peculiarities of the diagnosis of atypical symptoms using international recommendations and protocols. The difficulty of our clinical case was that the symptoms of the disease with a comorbid pathology were atypical at the early stage of the illness. We did not detect damage to the nervous system, as well as ophthalmological features, and changes in the amount of free copper, ceruloplasmin levels and rate of 24-hour urinary copper excretion. It was proven that detection of these biochemical markers in blood and urine is important in ruling out Wilson’s disease in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver even if the other organs that were usually affected by copper were not damaged. Prompt diagnosis of the markers of Wilson’s disease and corresponding treatment can prevent the progression of the disease and its complications in such patients. Our research can be useful for gastroenterologists, neuropathologists, family physicians, and doctors of other specialties.

As a result of the analysis, it was established that demographic trends and a shift towards the aging of the population contribute to the increase in the prevalence of degenerative diseases of the joints (osteoarthrosis) and spine (spondyloarthrosis, osteochondrosis) in society. The problem of po stmenopausal and senile osteoporosis remains relevant as a cause of fracture of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and the lower third of the forearm. A significant part of these people need professional palliative care in specialized departments of oncology and multidisciplinary hospitals, separate hospices and boarding homes for the elderly or at home, in the family, with the participation of professional visiting teams of doctors, nurses and psychologists, as is done in many Western countries. Palliative patients and their family members need adequate pain relief and symptomatic treatment, professional care, moral, psychological and spiritual support, and sometimes just human compassion and attention. According to the actual state of the organization of palliative medicine in Ukraine, it is appropriate to consider that hospice medicine deals with a complex of issues related to the assistance of palliative patients in the terminal period of life in special medical and social institutions – hospices or palliative and hospice care departments of medical institutions. The introduction of palliative care should be at an early stage. Support should be administered after diagnosis. Elderly people with comorbid pathology suffer from pain more than representatives of other age groups. Pain can be aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle, which causes muscle stiffness, deterioration of joint mobility, and increased osteoporosis. Elderly people experience a combination of musculoskeletal pain, constipation, infections, neuropathy of peripheral nerves, emotional disturbances, major and minor injuries, etc. Analgesic therapy should be started at the first signs of pain. Analgesics are prescribed at equal intervals of time, without waiting for the recovery of pain, in order to ensure constant analgesia. Adjuvant and symptomatic drugs must be prescribed strictly according to indications. Constant monitoring of patients is established, especially at the beginning of treatment. Careful monitoring is also required in the future to correct treatment and prevent possible complications. In palliative medicine, there are medicinal (pharmacological) and non-pharmacological conservative (used mainly for mild or moderate pain) and aggressive (neurosurgical, used for severe and unbearable pain) methods of controlling chronic pain syndrome. According to WHO recommendations, there are three main levels of analgesia for chronic pain syndrome in palliative patients. In rheumatological patients, pain is caused by pathological changes in peripheral structures (skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, synovial membrane, joint capsule, cartilage, bones). When assessing the features of the pain syndrome, one should take into account anamnestic data, comorbid conditions, results of clinical and laboratory examination methods and individual characteristics of the patient. Only such a comprehensive approach makes it possible to develop an effective plan of treatment and rehabilitation measures. NSAIDs are the most popular tool of analgesic therapy in medical practice due to the combination of efficiency, safety, availability and ease of use. Opioids are used for moderate or severe chronic pain in a patient with an incurable form of the disease. That is, medicine is able to save the patient from painful suffering and give him the opportunity to walk his last path with dignity. It is important for a palliative patient to formulate a clear plan of action with their doctor. A timely visit to your family doctor will help you cope with this.

The article is aimed at analyzing the socio-economic development of regions taking into account the factors of the unstable macro-economic environment. Monitoring and analysis of indicators of socio-economic development in such conditions is extremely important: it allows to determine the possibility of implementing a national strategy of regional development in the conditions of economic, socio-political instability and tension in the society, increased dynamism of indicators. Upon the directions of the research, key indicators of social and economic instability by the regions of Ukraine are defined. Indicators of social instability include income and expenditure of the population, average monthly wages, levels of unemployment and employment, infrastructure of education and health facilities. Indicators of economic instability include the number of economic entities by type of economic activity, structural statistics on economic entities, the total amount of expenditures by the directions of innovation activities of industrial enterprises. The carried out analysis of the proposed groups of indicators in the regional context showed that there are significant disparities in the development of Ukraine’s regions and the influence of instability factors on this development. Based on the system of indicators, a design of the study of socio-economic development at both the national and regional levels is formed, which will allow timely identification of existing disparities. Taking in account the determined aspects of regional development unevenness, it is suggested that the need for greater use of the opportunities of the State and society to mitigate the disparities of socio-economic development be emphasized. To this end, an analysis of the possibility of implementation of a national strategy of regional development in an unstable environment is carried out.

The currently established situation in the Ukrainian media market suggests a conclusion that no accurate forecasts can be made as to the development of certain directions in the production of advertising, use of which would ensure winning the attention of the consumer. Therefore, there is a need to find ways to attract the attention of consumers to advertising materials. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to attract the attention of consumers to video advertising. Achieving this goal necessitated finding solutions to the following tasks: identifying sources of new ideas; analyzing the basic elements of a quality video advertising; research on human emotions; consideration of the main modern technologies used in the production of video advertising. The use of efficient advertising instruments in order to attract the consumer is possible only after a full understanding of the prospects and specifics of the development of the local advertising market. The publication examines the main tendencies and results of the work of the Ukrainian media market. The main prospects for its further development are analyzed. Certain algorithms to find new ideas for advertising messages are determined: from selecting certain available techniques to using relatively new concepts such as social media. The basic elements that can form a high-quality video content are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the fact that human emotions are, in terms of the efficiency of advertising, one of the most interesting and complex parts of the process of its creation. The authors review the main modern technologies that are used in the creation of commercials nowadays. Their pros and cons are identified. It is determined that emotional storytelling will become more popular with regard to capturing the attention of the consumer.

New, particulary, interactive learning technologies are coming for the support of classical technological aspects. The term interactivity has came to us from the English language from the word interact where inter is a reciprocal, act - to act. Therefore, interactivity is the ability to have the interactive dialogue All participants in the interactive learning process can interact with each other, share of information, collectively solve the problems, simulate different situations, evaluate the actions of their colleagues and their own behavior, and immerse themselves in the real atmosphere of business cooperation to solve a series of problems in accordance with their interests, needs and requests. In this case, there are constant changes in the types of educational activities. The objective of the work was to study the feasibility of introducing of innovative technologies and interactive methods of teaching cadets in the cycle of thematic improvement in the specialty General Practice - Family Medicine . The research was conducted on the basis of the Department of Family Medicine and Therapy of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. At the time of the conducting classes for cadets-doctors in the specialty General Practice - Family Medicine , for the cycle of thematic improvement, innovative technologies and interactive teaching methods were used, in particular, brainstorming, discussion, case study, presentation, role-playing game. The positive effect of using interactive methods for teaching people has been long since proven and there was not doubt. The following innovative technologies and interactive teaching methods were introduced by the teachers of the Family Medicine and Therapy Department during the classes of family doctors: brainstorming, discussion, case study, presentation, role play. Thus, the motivation of doctors to continuous self-improvement, active participation in the educational process; the comprehensive complex theoretical and practical training, laying the foundations for clinical thinking and ensuring the acquisition of general clinical competencies. To achieve maximum material absorption, to make the class interesting and dynamic, easy to master the material, it is necessary to use various interactive teaching methods discussed above: brainstorming, work in mini-groups, discussion, case-method, role-playing game, presentation. Modeling the pedagogical process of the proposed study in accordance with the concept of a systematic approach guarantees the development of family doctors of research competence.

Ischemic heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of disability and mortality in the world, especially in economically developed countries. Risk stratification plays an important role in providing medical care to patients with ischemic heart disease. Research aim. Adapt methodological approaches to examination of patients with coronary artery disease, with the definition and assessment of the level of a healthy lifestyle`s basis formation of individually for each patient to optimize the treatment and prevention of this pathology. Object and methods of research. 60 patients with coronary heart disease were examined: stable angina FC I-II (main group) and 35 practically healthy subjects (control group). The average age was 40.5 2.02 years. All patients in the main and control group which were include in the research are completed informed consent on voluntary participation and providing true information and a questionnaire Nosova A.G. The formation of the healthy lifestyle`s components , 2014. Stage A included testing on the questionnaire with internal consistency of questions, satisfactory reliability). Stage B - assessment of body composition on the monitor (model HBF-500-E, Omron, Japan) with parameters: weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat, internal fat, percentage of skeletal and muscular tissue, metabolism in a complete rest and screening testing, which allows to detect deviations from the basics of HLS, risk factors and objective evidence of compliance with HLS. Stage C - Processing of the received data. The authors of the article, in order to optimize the prevention and treatment of patients with coronary artery disease, have adapted methodological approaches to the examination patients with the definition and assessment of the level of formation the principles of a healthy lifestyle individually for each respondent. According to the results of the research, significant differences were detected in all levels of healthy lifestyle between the main and the control group. Thus, the object-passive (low level - less than 50%) was found in 15% of patients with coronary artery disease and 11.5% of practically healthy (control group) (R0,05); Ibjective-active (middle) level was observed in 60% of patients in the main group and 25% in the control group (P

The aim of the article is to identify relationships between the monetary policy and long-term financial stability. The main method of the study is retrospective analysis of macroeconomic and financial performance of the United States and other developed countries. It has been shown that neither Neo-Keynesian nor monetarist approaches are able to provide long-term financial stability under simultaneous low levels of volatility of GDP and inflation. In addition, the policy of inflation targeting in developed countries is not able to eliminate the risk of significant macro-economic recessions. The article states that the cause of the recessions is a systemic risk growth due to concentration of financial resources in the banking sector and in the hands of owners of non-financial corporations. This concentration has two effects: 1) growth of moral hazard at crediting; 2) decrease in the effective demand on the part of households. Redistribution of financial resources among different macro-economic groups of agents does not happen in a short period of time and is a result of the long-term monetary policy. Since the modern economic statistics has certain methodological problems with calculation of the Gini coefficient, such indicator as a share of wages in GDP is proposed in the article for studying the dynamics of uneven distribution of financial resources in the United States. The conducted retrospective analysis of the US monetary policy showed that an important system indicator of uniformity of financial resources distribution among macroeconomic agents falls out of sight of regulators. Distribution of macroeconomic risks depends on distribution of financial resources in the system, which determines its financial stability. The article justifies the need for developing the monetary policy methods that would simultaneously minimize the volatility of the GDP, inflation and maintain a uniform distribution of financial resources at an acceptable level.

Introduction. Noise in the ears (NE, tinnitus) means pathological hearing impairments or sound phenomena that occur in the ear or in the head and is one of the most common symptoms of a variety of pathological conditions. The problem of the tinnitus is not fully understood, as it can be associated with a large number of factors that affect not only the organ of hearing but also other systems and organs. NE, according to various data, have 15.0-40.0% of the population, 25.0% of those with an NE, it complained the life and professional activity, and even causes self-isolation. Therefore, in many countries there are magazines devoted to the issue of ear noises, societies of patients with NE are created, specialized clinics work. Aim. Determine the etiologic, pathogenetic and clinical aspects of patients with the main complaint about the HS and the rational principles of diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions accompanied by HS. Materials and methods. On the basis of the auditologic laboratory of the Otorhinolaryngology clinic and the Otorhinolaryngology polyclinic department of the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital during 2008-2013, an expanded inspection of patients who were consulted on the problem of HS as the main or single complaint was conducted. Information was taken from patients with noises in the ears or in the head that lasted for more than a month (452 ​​cases). Among the patients, there were 231 men and 221 women, so, there was no reliable dependence of the incidence of NE on the gender. The age of the patients varied from 15 to 83 years, the average value was 46.9 years, most often were persons aged 40-59 years (226 – 50.0%). 168 patients were rural residents, 284 – lived in cities. Results. NE is one of the symptoms, sometimes the only one of the diseases of the middle and inner ears, the vessels of the brain or the central nervous system (CNS). In the majority of patients with NE, sensory or combined increase of hearing thresholds of insignificant degree is noted, more pronounced at high frequencies. The increase in hearing thresholds was most pronounced at frequencies that corresponded to the audiologic characteristics obtained with the help of tannithometry, which mainly showed high-frequency NE. Changes in short-wave auditory actuation potentials were most pronounced as a result of testing by tone signals that corresponded to the frequency of NE. Integrated etiopathogenetic treatment was effective in all the patients with NE. Conclusions. A comprehensive audiologic examination in the case of an NE is appropriate for the purpose of choosing a rational treatment. The method of non-medicated sedation by phototyping is quite effective in most patients, which gives grounds to consider its further promising development.

Introduction. In 1861, Prosper Meniere for the first time proved that the cause of dizziness, nystagmus, and vertigo disorders may be the disease of the anterior part of labyrinth. Today, illness with such symptoms belongs to labyrinthopathies, that is, non-malignant diseases of the labyrinth. Aim. To describe the basics of classification, primary diagnosis, urgent and planned treatment of labyrinthopathies. Materials and methods. The basics of classification, primary diagnosis, urgent and planned treatment of labyrinthopathies are given. The history of study, clinical signs, modern diagnostic methods, treatment of Menier’s disease and other labyrinthopathies are summarized briefly. In particular, post-traumatic labyrinthopathies, which are becoming more frequent, are not yet diagnosed. Results. There are different labyrinthopathy classifications that are used by the specialists. The doctor-therapist should know that labyrinthopathies (vestibulopathy) can be: a) aperiodic; b) long, periodic. Meniere’s disease is one of the most widespred labyrinthopathies. Among the causes of the disease: allergy; disturbance of the water-salt exchange, for example, due to the prolonged use of glucocorticoid drugs; infection; immune system disorders, including autoimmune effects; changes of the blood pressure (more often – hypotonia); imbalance of the vegetative nervous system; the degeneration of the elements of the inner ear; skull trauma; injury during the rehabilitation operations, hearing enhancement interventions; stresses, conflict situations; vascularization disorders; genetic predisposition; features of the structure of soft tissues of the inner ear, deficiency of gyaluronidase; accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the endolymph, changes in the ionic composition of the liquids of the inner ear (prevalence of potassium ions over sodium ions); violation of vegan innervation. The pathogenesis of the disease is determined by the most endolymphatic hydrops. Classical symptoms of Meniere’s disease are periodic attacks (attacks) of vestibular decompensation: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, increasing hearing loss, mostly one-sided, noise in the ears. The attack usually begins with dizziness, disturbances in the balance, followed by the noise in the ears, which does not disappear after the carotid cuff, hearing loss, and vertigo disorders. This condition usually lasts for 1-3 hours, less often – up to 10 hours. Subsequently, the period of remission occurs, which may have a different duration from a few days to a year. In the majority of patients, spontaneous nystagmus, a violation of the static and kinetic equilibrium are determined. The audiometric determination is mostly horizontal, at least an upward or slightly downward curve without a bone-to-air “rupture”. The latter, in the end, may appear in the period between attacks. Characteristic symptoms are a positive phenomenon of accelerated volume increase, as well as a dysplastic body: the same tone is perceived by the sick ears as lower (sometimes – as higher) and sharper. A characteristic symptom is hearing fluctuation: it generally worsens, but there are some periods of its improvement (up to the entire recovery at the onset of the disease). Caloric breakdown is hyporeflexia. The treatment is directed at various possible causes and to various pathogenesis links. Conclusions. A general practitioner should be aware of the possible connection of complaints of dizziness with the diseases of the ear. If in the past the patient had a transport injury, it should be referred to specialists – vertebrologists, otonevrologists, neurosurgeons, traumatologists for special studies – radiation (computer tomography, MRI), laboratory, audiometry, nystagmography etc.

There were carried out collection and analysis of clinicoepidemiological and medical-statistic data from 162 sources of primary documentation (childbirth history (096/o form) and the development of newborns (097/o form)) about children with congenital malformations, who were born in Lviv Regional Clinical Perinatal Center in 2007–2009, using «case — control» method, by filling-in registration forms. While comparing a range of reproductive anamnesis indices there was noticed a higher percentage of dead children, stillbirths, anemia in pregnancy, gestosis in the first half of pregnancy, gestosis in the second half of pregnancy, abnormal labors in mothers who gave birth to a child with congenital malformations than in women of control group. According to ultrasound diagnosis congenital abnormalities in pregnancy were detected in 31.6 % of cases. There were diagnosed 4 cases of Arnold — Chiari syndrome (spina bifida and internal hydrocephalus); and 3 cases of each: hydrocephalus, gastroschisis, small intestinal atresia, and 2 cases of each: congenital malformations, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Down’s syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, congenital rectal atresia, and 1 case of each: spina bifida, congenital absence of forearm and hand, left ventricular rabdomioma, encephalocele.

Background. Pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) is one of the most harmful pests of pine trees as it affects the phloem of the upper part of the stem and branches, disrupting the flow of nutrients and water to the crown. I. acuminatus feeds by plant tissues rich in starch, so α-amylases must play a pivotal role in the carbohydrate metabolism of these insects. However, in conifer bark beetles, α-amylases remain poorly understood. Materials and Methods. To detect the α-amylase activity in the digestive system of I. acuminatus, we obtained extracts from larvae, pupae, and adults that were collected from naturally infested Scots pine. The α-amylase activity of crude extracts from different stages and parts of the bark beetle’s body was assessed using 1% starch agar plates. The quantitative evaluation of the α-amylase inhibitory activity of recombinant defensins PsDef1, PsDef2, and PsDef5.1 was performed using the Bernfeld method. The docking models of Scots pine defensins and Ips typographus L. α-amylase (AmyIp) complexes were predicted using the ClusPro 2.0 web server. Results and Discussion. As a result, we found the presence of α-amylase activity in the digestive systems of both larvae and adults of I. acuminatus, but not in pupae. All tested defensins, PsDef1, PsDef2, and PsDef5.1, exhibited inhibitory activity against insect α-amylase at micromolar concentrations. The IC50 values for these peptides were 4.9±0.6 μM, 4.6±0.8 μM, and 2.8±0.5 μM, respectively. In the PsDefs-AmyIt complexes, a network of hydrogen bonds, ionic bridges, and nonbonded contacts are formed between the enzyme and its inhibitor, which prevents the substrate from reaching the catalytic site. The PsDef5.1-AmyIt complex has the largest interfacial contact area, 2328 Å2, in comparison with two other defensins, which correlates well with the inhibitory activity of defensins in this study. Conclusion. Thus, we have identified α-amylase activity in I. acuminatus and demonstrated the ability of Scots pine defensins to inhibit it, sugges­ting that they play a role in pine defenses against this pest.

Radical changes in the world order, new trends in the economy, culture, political and legal relations require a revision of the paradigmatic foundations of education in the XXI century. Solving this problem is a very important task, because the education system provides the formation of civic, professional, moral and other qualities that contribute to the formation of the individual as a member of a particular social community. The close relationship between values and the process of forming value orientations with educational practices is one of the most important basic constants of the interdependence of education and spiritual values. Trying to identify and explain the main trends of socio-cultural change in the XXI century, scientists use several basic theoretical models, which in turn allows us to see possible directions for updating the educational system. Number of new socio-cultural phenomena in the XXI century need their further scientific understanding and clarification of their impact on educational processes.

Recombinant plasmids containing target sequences are widely used as positive controls for PCR laboratory diagnostics. The aim of the study was development of recombinant positive control containing a fragment of B646L gene of African swine fever virus. The sequence of interest encodes targets of all the PCR assays for African swine fever laboratory diagnostics recommended by World Organisation for Animal Health. A plasmid containing 1763 bp insertion was cloned in E .coli DH5α strain. After purification, the plasmid ten-fold serial dulutions were used as a positive control while PRC testing. A minimal detectable copy number was 20 copies per reaction for both conventional and real-time PCR assays. The developed plasmid could be used as a safe and effective positive control while ASF laboratory diagnostics by PCR.

The problem of limiting and rational use of funds in the health care system is relevant worldwide. Influenza and acute respiratory viral infections are cause of a lot of discussion about the treatment and prevention of the disease. The aim of the work ‒ to conduct an analysis of the data of the actual practice of appointment for patients with severe forms of influenza and its complications that were hospitalized at the hospital of the Lviv Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital. For the analysis of data of real practice of appointments were included data of 260 medical cards of patients of the Lviv Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital, which were hospitalized in 2016–2017 years with the diagnosis of influenza and SARI. We used statistical methods, real world evidence analysis, integrated frequency ABC/VEN analysis. The results of the VEN analysis indicate that in this department pharmacotherapy performs according to the current Protocols for medical care. Integrated frequency, VEN and ABC analysis showed that the leader of applications is Reosorbilact (the rate of expenses is 19%, the frequency of applications – 14%, the percentage of patients to whom it was appointed is 85%). Very expensive antibiotic Tigacil followed them, the next medicines in this list – Xylat (a rate of of expenses 10%, a frequency of applications is 5%, a share of patients – 28%). By answering the question about use the funds for important and vitally necessary medication, we can see that the rate of expenses for medicines of category V is 88.99%, it means that there is a rational use of funds. Analyzing the frequency of using the most expensive drugs (the cost of antibiotics is 46% of the total cost of drugs), it would be advisable to study the possibility of replacing it with cheaper counterparts. In general, pharmacological therapy is clinically and economically viable, but requires further standardization, and the analysis shows possible ways to optimize it, and reminds us how dangerous are the complications of the influenza, and which resources are needed for their treatment.

У статті підкреслюється, що школа в сучасному світі орієнтується на повноцінну підготовку молодої людини до успішного життя. Це вимагає застосування принципово нової філософії освіти, яка відповідала б потребам ринково орієнтованого, конкурентного соціуму. Важливо вивчати західні моделі організації освітніх систем для використання їх досвіду в успішній трансформації української освітньої галузі. Відзначається, що філософія освіти ринково орієнтованого суспільства спрямована на інноваційні зміни у системі освіти, на оптимізацію мережі навчальних закладів, на підняття якості навчально-виховного процесу тощо. Досліджуючи досвід західних країн, Україна має вибудувати власну освітню модель, яка може базуватися на принципах децентралізації, інноваційності, соціально-економічних стимулів до науково-педагогічної діяльності, демократичності у побудові відносин між суб’єктами освітнього поля.

In accordance with the modern ideas of multiple sclerosis (MS) B-lymphocytes play a significant role in the pathological process development. In this regard, it is relevant to search for new biomarkers of B-lymphocytic origin, which can reflect the clinical features of this disease. Aim of study – to assess the relationships between the level of blood serum 48 kDa form of unconventional myosin 1c (48 kDa Myo1c) in patients with multiple sclerosis and stage of this disease, its severity and type. Materials and methods. 1 ml of blood serum was diluted 2-fold with phosphate buffer saline and then trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to 10 % of final concentration. The supernatant containing TCA-soluble compounds was isolated and mixed with acetone. Then, centrifugation and electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate were performed. The 48 kDa Myo1c was identified by its molecular weight comparing after Coomassie Brillant Blue G staining of gel and Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-Myo1c rabbit antibodies. Results. The level of the 48 kDa Myo1c was significantly higher in the MS patients compared with that in healthy controls. The disease duration was shorter in patients with high level of the 48 kDa Myo1c, compared to patients with low level of the 48 kDa Myo1c. High level of the 48 kDa Myo1c was associated with a relapsing-remitting MS, while low level – with secondary progressive type of the disease. In the group with the low 48 kDa Myo1c level a disability rate was significantly higher, unlike in patients with the medium level of 48 kDa Myo1c. Conclusions. An increased blood serum level of the 48 kDa Myo 1c in MS patients is combined with the early stage of the MS when its diagnostics is the most complicated.

The correlations of right coronary artery (RCA) diameter with gallbladder (GB) width and GB distension with the development of coronary arteries anomalies have already been described. Accordingly, the GB disorders are accompanied by structural and functional heart changes, but its exact criteria have not yet been established. Therefore, the substantiation of the prognostic role of GB distension as a risk factor for the coronary arteries anomalies development determined the usefulness of our study. The aim of this study was to establish correlations of GB condition with clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Materials and мethods. We analyzed 35 clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters of 98 patients with verified IHD (40 % – acute myocardial infarction, 60 % – unstable angina pectoris; 79 % males and 21 % females; mean age –61.7 ± 1.6 years). These patients were divided into groups depending on GB condition (intact GB, n = 29; sludge and cholesterosis, n = 13; bend GB body, n = 13; GB neck deformations and cholecystitis, n = 27; cholelithiasis, n = 11; cholecystectomy in anamnesis, n = 5). Obtained data were analyzed with the help of correlation analysis (correlations of quantitative parameters – by Pearson’s method and correlations of qualitative parameters – by Spearman’s method). We took into account only significant correlations (p < 0.05). Ranking of GB condition was held on the background of GB disorders’ pathogenesis: changes usually start from sludge and cholesterosis, which in case of various GB deformations together with bile flow difficulties and impaired GB motility lead to cholelithiasis. Complications of cholelithiasis can lead to cholecystectomy, which was rated the worst GB condition. Results. The GB condition significantly correlated with RCA affection grade, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and prothrombin time: worsening of GB condition was accompanied by increase of RCA stenosis grade on the background of decrease in prothrombin time (which shows tendency to hypercoagulability and thrombi formation) and absence of hepatocytes cytolysis. Correlations of RCA stenosis grade depended on GB conditions including metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic parameters, size and blood supply of left atrium. Prothrombin time increasing was associated with left ventricle hypertrophy, hyperkaliemia, diastolic dysfunction and higher grade of RCA affection. ALT activity was proportional to ejection fraction together with general fibrinogen in case of GB sludge and to fasting glucose level in case of bent GB body. Conclusions. Established reliable correlations of both type and degree of GB damage with RCA stenosis grade and other clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters (prothrombin time, fibrinogen and ALT levels, hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle etc.) are associated with a tendency to hypercoagulability and thrombi formation, hyperkaliemia, and define both morphological and functional interrelations of GB disorders with coronary arteries anomalies. Thus, monitoring of these parameters has a significant prognostic value in the clinical practice and must influence the choice of appropriate therapeutic tactics.

The study of relationships of urea and bilirubin blood levels in patients with Helicobacter pylori associated gastroduodenal pathology (HP-aGDP) has the considerable relevance for clinicians, since these indicators represent the status and function of the gastroduodenal zone. The aim of this study was to estimate changes of bilirubin and urea blood levels in patients with HP-aGDP before and after treatment. Materials and methods. Our study has included 59 patients of the main group with different HP-aGDP and 40 patients of the control group with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results. In patients with HP-aGDP the doubly severe reduction of urea concentration was observed in significantly greater number of patients, while half of the patients in the controls had an increase of its level by 10.4 %. The bilirubin concentration decrease was more pronounced (37.1 % vs. 3.5 %) and significant (p < 0.05) in patients with HP-aGDP. Its rate depended on the dynamics of urea exactly in patients with HP-aGDP and it was more pronounced in case of urea reduction (p < 0.05). Thus, the revealed association of bilirubin and urea levels changes, namely their decrease owing to the treatment, was inherent only to patients with HP-aGDP unlike to the patients with CAD. We also determined the involvement of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, electrolytes, composition of blood in the processes of local and systemic inflammation caused by HP and its relationship with adaptive reactions, which generally depended on other individual characteristics of patients in the study group (age, duration of disease, ulcer size, etc.). Conclusions. The monitoring of urea and bilirubin blood levels in patients especially with HP-aGDP during the eradication has a specific diagnostic and prognostic value. The bilirubin level in such cases reflects the severity of cholestasis, inflammatory lesions of the duodenal mucosa, comorbid hepatobiliary disease, while the urea level reduction may be an additional criterion of efficacy of HP eradication.

Висвітлено теоретико-методологічні основи наповнення бюджету шляхом оподаткування доходів суб'єктів підприємницької діяльності та домогосподарств. Проаналізовано та оцінено виконання податкових надходжень окремо в розрізі Державного та місцевих бюджетів України. Досліджено місце та роль податків у системі вартісного розподілу й перерозподілу ВВП. Охарактеризовано структурні співвідношення між податковими надходженнями державного і місцевих бюджетів, окреслено їх зміни в динаміці та розглянуто основні причини цього явища. У контексті євроінтеграційного вибору українського суспільства обґрунтовано основні чинники гармонізації податкових систем України та ЄС.

Marfiyan Olena M, Zukow Walery, Popovych Milentyna V, Ganyk Lyubov M, Kit Yevgen I, Ivanyts’ka Oksana M, Kyjenko Valeriy M. Relationships between parameters of gallbladder motility and brain electrical activity. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):11-20. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59271 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3728 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARAMETERS OF GALLBLADDER MOTILITY AND BRAIN ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY Olena M Marfiyan1,2, Walery Zukow3, Milentyna V Popovych4, Lyubov M Ganyk4, Yevgen I Kit4, Oksana M Ivanyts’ka1, Valeriy M Kyjenko5 1JSC “Truskavets’kurort”, Truskavets’, Ukraine olenka80@meta.ua 2Department of Pediatry, OO Bohomolets’ National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine 3Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland w.zukow@ukw.edu.pl 4Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Spa Cure “Truskavets’kyǐ” War Ministry, Truskavets’, Ukraine 5Laboratory of Experimental Balneology, OO Bohomolets’ Institute of Physiology NAS, Kyiv, Ukraine i.popovych@biph.kiev.ua Abstract Objective. Earlier we shown that Cholecystokinetic effect of balneotherapy on spa Truskavets’ may be the result of modulation of neuroendocrine-immune complex. The aim of present investigation: clarification relationships between parameters of gallbladder motility and ongoing Electroencephalogram (EEG) as well as Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Material and Methods. At 22 men with chronic cholecystite combined with pyelonephrite we recorded twice basal and postprandial volume of gallbladder (Echoscopy by “Radmir”), EEG ("NeuroCom Standard") and HRV ("CardioLab+HRV"). Results. Basal gallbladder volume correlated positively with HRV markers of Vagal tone (HF, RMSSD, pNN50) and relative Power Spectrum Density (PSD) C4-δ while negatively with Amplitude of β-Rhythm and its absolute PSD in loci P3, P4, Fp1, C3, F3, F4 as well as PSD T3-δ and Frequency of α-Rhythm. Canonical correlation is very strong: R=0,96; Adjusted R2=0,85; χ2(15)=61; p

The study involves peculiarities of treatment, some indicators of lipid exchange in patients with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome accompanied by destructive onychomycosis and secondary ingrown nail. Clinical options of in-patient and outpatient surgical treatment for nail ingrowth (mono-lesions; complicated and combined mycotic-associated processes and relapses) were clarifi ed; morphologic changes were studied; causes of unsatisfactory outcomes of chronic pathology complex treatment were analyzed for prospective approaches to preventing relapses. Along with antimycotic therapy and correction of comorbid pathology the following procedures were carried out: cutting pathologic eponychial tissues, hypergranulations and necroses; removing nail plate with partial marginal matrixectomy in the ingrowth area. Non-invasive methods of nail excision and marginal nail resection were preferred in patients with diabetes mellitus. The prospective study involved 403 patients (48-72 aged) with complicated mycotic damage, nail ingrowth. Polyonychomycosis and trichophytic subungual hyperkeratosis with secondary ingrown nail were diagnosed in the main group comprising 62 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (48 males and 14 females, 42-65 aged). Metabolic syndrome was confi rmed in the comparison group comprising 53 patients with arterial hypertension and complicated mycotic nail damage. The rest 276 patients made up the control group. We studied biochemical indicators, lipid blood spectrum: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; nitric oxide of blood plasma; leptin. Lipid blood spectrum and nitric oxide level were determined before and after pharmacotherapy along with continuous antihypertensive therapy (correction of intercurrent and comorbid pathology). The objective criterion of insulin resistance was NOMA-IP index (the Homeostasis Model Assessment) involving glucose and insulin levels on an empty stomach divided by 22,5 coeffi cient. Patients of the main and the comparison groups with polyohychomycosis and trichophytic subungual hyperkeratosis with secondary nail ingrowth experienced considerable decreasing NOMA-index of β-cells function and increasing NOMAindex of insulin resistance (8,11±1,1 in the main group, 5,89±2,1 in the comparison group and 2,23±1,18 in the control group, p1

Проаналізовано особливості та ефективність роботи антивірусних систем для Android. Здійснено аналіз сучасного стану Android на предмет вірусних атак. Проведено типологію вірусів за доступом до даних і їхньої небезпеки. Проаналізовано типологію і функції троянських програм (вірусів), які можуть використовуватись на Android. Висвітлено проблематику тестувань ефективності роботи антивірусів для Android. Досліджено ефективність роботи антивірусів на Android. На основі досліджень подано рекомендації щодо підвищення захисту від вірусів під час використання антивірусних додатків для Android.

Розглянуто форми організації бюджетних відносин на різних етапах державотворення. Окреслено методи формування та напрями використання бюджетних ресурсів у контексті реалізації конституційної доктрини держави в історичній ретроспективі. Висвітлено вітчизняні особливості бюджетування в умовах феодалізму, первісного капіталістичного нагромадження капіталу, державно-монополістичного способу розширеного відтворення, командно-адміністративної економіки, сучасного соціально-орієнтованого вибору української держави.

Причинами незадовільних результатів комплексного лікування врослого нігтя і мікотичної патології є недостатньо вивчені підходи до профілактики рецидивів. Необхідність комплексного дослідження хірургічної патології нігтя детермінується перш за все великою кількістю клінічних спостережень неускладнених та ускладнених випадків, особливо рецидивних. Грибкова пароніхія і піднігтьовий хроніоабсцес призводять до компресії краю нігтя. Не всі хірургічні процедури, за допомогою яких успішно лікують пароніхію, можна застосувати для корекції врослого нігтя. Пізні рецидиви монооніхокриптозу становлять 5–18 %, а врослого нігтя в поєднанні з оніхомікозом – 30–70 %, що також підтверджують наші попередні дослідження. Грибкові інфекції нігтів (оніхомікози) в поєднанні з вростанням залишаються однією з найсерйозніших проблем дерматології та дерматохірургії. У вітчизняній літературі є значна кількість робіт, присвячених патології нігтьової пластини, однак хірургічним аспектам оніхології чомусь відводиться мінімальна, другорядна роль. Мета дослідження – оптимізація послідовності хірургічного лікування, локальної та системної антимікотичної терапії, дослідження деяких клініко-біохімічних паралелей перебігу інкарнацій нігтів при трихофітії і деструктивному поліоніхомікозі, вторинних ускладнень врослого нігтя; у деяких пацієнтів з ускладненими ураженням нігтів. Матеріали і методи. За п’ятирічний період діагностовано 436 вростань нігтів (з них 325 випадків врослих мікотичних нігтів – поліоніхомікотичної патології – основна група, що включала субвибірки пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом та метаболічним синдромом) 259 чоловіків та 177 жінок віком 28–86 років. Проводили адекватну системну терапію коморбідних станів у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом та метаболічним синдромом. У 182 хворих після попередніх операцій в інших клініках було стверджено пізній рецидив оніхокриптозу. Консервативне лікування було рекомендовано тільки на ранніх стадіях вростання. Видалення уражених нігтів було виконано у пацієнтів із мікотичними ураженнями (також були використані місцеві та системні методи лікування, фунгіциди). Проведене симультанне дослідження морфогенезу деструктивних аспектів мікотичних уражень. Аналіз обґрунтовує доцільність вивчення прогностичних зв’язків між клінічними варіантами хронічних гнійно-некротичних інфекцій у контексті коморбідності. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Досліджено 363 випадки деструктивних гнійно-некротичних хронічних поверхневих, комбінованих та поєднаних уражень дистальної фаланги пальців ніг із вростанням нігтів у пацієнтів віком 12–75 років, 236 чоловіків та 127 жінок, оперованих в хірургічних відділеннях. Усі хірургічні процедури виконували адекватно, згідно з місцевими протоколами. Нозологічні форми ураження, пов’язані з тим чи іншим варіантом оніхокриптозу, відповідно до домінуючих клінічних проявів за МКХ-10 поділили на підгрупи – власне оніхокриптоз, дерматофітоз і кандидозний оніхомікоз з інкарнацією нігтя. Іншиим 73 пацієнтам з неускладненим мікозом консервативне лікування було проведено правильно відповідно до місцевих протоколів. Аналіз піднігтьових зішкрібів дозволив констатувати переважання червоної трихофітії, у 74 % випадків – у комбінації з цвілевими, в 26 % випадків – з дріжджовими грибами; у 31 % випадків – з бактеріальною флорою; застосовували 4 поступові “пульс”-терапії ітраконазолом, 400 мг/добу. Ми вивчали деякі біохімічні зміни ліпідного профілю, а також їх поєднання, які були значно вищими в обох групах пацієнтів, р

In order to find novel molecular markers of multiple sclerosis we developed a scheme of oligopeptides’ isolation including their extraction from blood serum with 10 % trichloroacetic acid, followed by precipitation of soluble substances with acetone in ratio 6:1. Oligopeptides were dissolved in water and their characteristics was determined by gel filtration under HPLC conditions and thin layer chromatography. Obtained data have shown that blood serum of MS patients contains two oligopolypeptides with average molecular masses of 300–500 Da. We also studied biological activity of TCA-soluble peptides toward some eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in comparison with phosphopeptides isolated from casein hydrolysates. It was found that TCA-soluble peptides are capable of effective inhibiting HeLa cells’ proliferation, while their inhibitory effect was expressed toward Jurkat T-cells and was not detectable toward U373 cells. The casein’s phosphopeptides were capable to stimulate proliferation of Jurkat cells and effectively inhibited growth of cells. Neither antibacterial, nor antifungal activities of these oligopeptides were detected.

The study involved 93 patients aged 52 to 85 years with metabolic syndrome and concomitant complicated fungal nail infection. In all patients we have measured the levels of nitric oxide and endothelin-1. The content of B1, B2, PP, B6 and C vitamins in the blood, and urine excretion of derivatives before and during the treatment of patients with destructive onychomycosis were studied. It is noted that in the majority of patients (aged over 50 years) with polyоnychomycosis and comorbid underlying metabolic syndrome has endothelial dysfunction and multivitamin deficiency that requires correction.

Nadashkevych O. N., Kit Z. M., Zukow W. The role of the obesity in the primary hypertension course among men and women. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(2):218-224. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16094 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%282%29%3A218-224 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/546171 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16094 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.10.2014. Revised 18.01.2015. Accepted: 25.02.2015. UDC:616.12-008.331.1-056.52-036-055.1/.2 The role of the obesity in the primary hypertension course among men and women Nadashkevych O. N.1, Kit Z. M.1, Zukow W.2 1Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine 2Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract. With the objective to study peculiarities of AH with obesity into the research included 60 patients, among them 45 women and 15 men, among all of them examined features of vasodilatation group, measured leptin and endothelin-1(ЕТh-1) levels. Detected AH accompanied by obesity peculiarities of course of in dependence from the gender. Among men leptin and ЕТh-1 levels were more favorable for blood pressure correction. Among women increasing leptin and ЕТh-1 levels accompanied by decreasing of nitric oxide levels is a negative process, what is necessary to take into consideration when prescribing antihypertensive therapy what needs additional new drugs for correction of endothelial dysfunction. Key words: arterial hypertension, obesity, leptin.

Free radical oxidation processes is an important link of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are formed during cellular oxidative phosphorylation. They perform an important role in the transmission of cellular signals, destroy of foreign agents, regulation of cell proliferation. The hyperproduction of the reactive oxygen species can lead to a damage of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and cell matrix components, including the synovial membrane and extra-articular tissues. Objective: to determine the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species roles in rats’s blood serum at experimental carrageenan- and collagen-induced inflammatory arthritis. Method: spectrophotometry with using biochemical analysis. Results: Rate of the reactive oxygen species (NO2–, •OH, H2O2) generation in the group of animals with collagen arthritis was higher than in the group of animals with carrageenan inflammation. In the same experimental group the nitrosative stress products and activities (cNOS, iNOS, NO2–, NO3–, ARG) were higher too. Conclusion: Products of the oxidative and nitrosative stresses contribute actively to development of pathological changes in tissues of animals with collagen arthritis which is an analogue of rheumatoid arthritis in humans, compared to the carrageenan-induced model of the immunoinflammatory process.

У статті висвітлено проблеми організації самостійної роботи студентів з «Теорії і методики формування елементарних математичних уявлень» у дітей дошкільного віку на II освітньо-кваліфікаційному рівні «бакалавр» у процесі їхньої фахової підготовки. Розглянуто різні підходи науковців до визначення поняття самостійна робота студентів, акцентовано увагу на мету, завдання, види та форми самостійної роботи. Запропоновано методичні рекомендації з організації самостійної роботи студентів з вивчення курсу «Теорії і методики формування елементарних математичних уявлень».

Anti-histone autoantibodies belong to main marker antibodies used in the diagnostics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. During autoimmune diseases, especially in SLE, prevalent process of inflammation is caused by high titers of auto-antibodies. It is known that the level of IgG sialylation affect their anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the level of sialylation of anti-histone IgG-antibodies from blood serum of patients with SLE. Investigation was carried out by two methodological approaches. In the first case, the antibodies were purified from blood serum by affine chromatography on histone-Sepharose and protein G-Sepharose followed by Western blot detection of sialic acid residues in the carbohydrate chaines of IgG molecules using sialospecific previously biotinylated Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA). In the second case, IgG-antibodies were isolated from blood serum by affine chromato­graphy on protein G-Sepharose, this fraction was separated on sialylated and not sialy­lated IgG by SNA-Sepharose chromatography followed by checking their affinity to histones by ELISA. In this manuscript, it is shown that the level of sialylation of anti-histone IgG is lower than in control preparation of antibodies. Our data showed that anti-histone autoantibodies are devoid of sialic acid residues at the ends of the carbohydrate chains of Fc-fragments promote their inflammatory properties in patients with SLE.

The phenomenon of programmed apoptotic desialylation of cell glycans was described previously. However, the possibility of this process application to the sialylated glycolipids of membranes stayes unknown. Granulocytes of human peripherical blood were utilized as a model for studying glycosphingolipid spectra changes. Ganglioside fractions were extracted from the granulocytes and purified by two-stage column chromatography – DEAE-Fractogel and Sephadex LH-20 sorbents, with subsequent analysis by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. An increased level of GM2, GM1 ganglioside and Gb3 globoside in apoptotic cells, as well as a decrease of GM3, GT3 and Gb4 amount were detected. These results draw to a conclusion that gangliosides, as well as N-glycans, might be a target of apoptotic desialylation. Accor­ding to available recent data, changes in gangliosides can serve as important pathoge­nesis factors in the autoimmune disorders.

Earlier we have shown that immunoglobulin preparations derived from milk of healthy women by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate, possess toxic activity toward several transformed and tumor cells in vitro (Kit Y., and others, Biotechnology 2008). We hypothesized that cytotoxic effect was associated with the presence of cytotoxic anti-DNA sIgA-antibodies in the Ab preparations. To check this hypothesis, we have purified electrophoretic homogeneous anti-DNA sIgAs from human milk and stu­died their affect toward different tumor cells in vitro. Anti-DNA sIgAs were obtained by sequential chromatography on protein A-sepharose, DEAE-fractogel and DNA-cellulose columns. It was found that the sensitivity of studied cells to Ab changed in the order L929> L1210> Jurkat> Namalva. Annexin V – test , as well as DNA-fragmentation test showed that cell death under Abs action occurred by apoptosis.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) contains glycoconjugates moieties which can be involved in humoral immunity providing antimicrobial defense. The aim of present work was to characterize carbohydrate moieties of sIgA isolated from human colostrum via their interaction with specific lectins. Preparations of sIgA were obtained from 23 colostrums samples of parturient women by 3-fold precipitation with in ammonium sulphate 50% saturation. In the study a panel of 44 lectins of known carbohydrate specificity was used immobilized onto nitrocellulose membrane. The panel was incu­bated with sIgА preparations and lectin-antibody complexes were detected by protein-A conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Western-blot analysis was applied to cha­racterize glycosylated polypeptides of sIgA isolated from colostrum of parturient women. sIgA from the colostrum of clinically healthy parturient women contained mainly carbohydrate moieties consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, sialic acid and D-mannose. Substantial differences in interaction of carbohydrate determinants of slgA isolated from colostrum of individual parturient women with the lectines were found. It is proposed that such characteristics can define sensitivity of mother and child to the action of pathogenic microflora.

It is known that human milk contains secretory immunoglobulines A (sIgA-abzymes) possessing affinity to mammalian DNA and capacity to cleave plasmid DNA. Regulation of DNA-hydrolyzing activity of those sIgA-abzymes is poorly studied. Here we investigate the effect of nucleoside triphosphates towards the DNase activity of sIgA-abzymes which were purified from human milk by a sequential chromatography on protein A-agarose, DEAE-Fractogel, and DNA-cellulose. By using DNA-hydrolysing assay, we revealed that 1 mM ATP and 1 mM dATP markedly reduced the cleavage of linear form of plasmid DNA by sIgA-abzymes, while the effect of GTP, CTP, TTP and dGTP was much weaker. dCTP and dTTP did not influence DNase activity of the sIgA-abzymes. Possible mechanisms of nucleotide-mediated inhibition of the DNase activity of sIgA-abzymes are discussed.

It was found that long term feeding of mice with ration supplemented with cattle brain and meat-bone meal (1:1) resulted in producing cellular form of prion in organs of prion-replicated system (brain and spleen) and anti-PrPc antibodies in blood serum. The effect of ration on potential development of transmissible spongiform encepha­lopathies is discussed.

In experiment the impact of intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) on an acute pancreatitis (AP) course was studied up. The procedure of an acute experiment, using intraparenchymatose introduction of 40% solution of ethanol, was proposed. The isolated influence of IAH on target organs was investigated, as well as its impact on the simulated severe AP course. Morphological changes in pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, liver in an AP were studied up. While performing the investigation a negative impact of IAH in AP was noted, such as the polyorgan insufficiency occurence.

The main goal of the study was to determine the ability of histones to induce production of the proteolytically active IgG-antibodies in BALB/c mice. In order to perform this study 8 mice were immunized with the fraction of total calf thymus histones. IgGs were isolated from the serum of the immunized and not immunized animals by means of precipitation with 33% ammonium sulfate, followed by affinity chromatography on protein G-Sepharose column. Histones, myelin basic protein (MBP), lysozyme, BSA, ovalbumin, macroglobulin, casein and cytochrome c served as substrates for determining the proteolytic activity. It was found that IgGs from the blood serum of immunized mice are capable of hydrolyzing histone H1, core histone and MBP. On the contrary, the proteolytic activity of IgGs from the blood serum of not immunized mice was not detected. The absence of proteolytical enzymes in the fraction of IgGs was proven by HPLC chromatography. High levels of proteolytic activity toward histones have been also detected in affinity purified IgGs from blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but not in healthy donors. These data indicate that eukaryotic histones may induce production of protabzymes in mammals. The possible origin of these protabzymes and their potential biological role in mammalians is discussed.

Structural and functional damage of endothelium seems to be one of the most important factors of arterial hypertension evolution. Via release of vasoactive substances, particularly vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. The aim of the study was to assess the role of such vasodilators as L-arginine and nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in patients with obesity. Assessment of 103 hypertensive patients revealed two different patterns of changes in L-arginine--NO interrelation in those with obesity and normal BMI. In hypertensive patients with obesity mean NO concentration was approximately in normal range while in those with normal BMI NO levels increased up to 1.5 fold. Obesity depletes compensatory NO-synthetic mechanisms peculiarto endothelium of patients with stage I-II arterial hypertension.Two patterns of co-morbidity development depending on different levels of L-arginine and nitric oxide according to BMI were revealed.

Activation of large conductance Ca2+-dependent potassium channels (BK channels) influences repolarization of the action potential and the level of the resting potential of detrusor smooth muscle cells (SMC). Overactive bladder syndrome (OBS) is one of the complications of diabetes. Here using whole-cell patch clamp technique we show sizable reduction of depolarization-evoked BK current (lBK) and decrease in the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in isolated SMC from detrusor of rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes compared to control animals. Under the diabetes IBK density at step depolarization to +50 mV decreased from control value of 15.0+/-0.4 pA/pF to 10.0+/-0.5 pA/pF, whereas the mean values of the STOCs' frequency and amplitude at holding potential -20 mV were reduced from 12.0+/-1.5 Hz to 2.4+/-0.6 Hz and from 0.9+/-0.1 pA/pF to 0.510.1 pA/pF, respectively. Using real time RT-PCR it was found that the expression of mRNA for the BK-channel primary pore-forming KCa1.1-subunit increases under the diabetes, whilst that for the auxiliary BKCabeta1-subunit decreases. It is concluded that the observed changes in the BK-channel currents can enhance excitability of the detrusor SMCs thereby promoting myogenic OBS. However, further studies are needed to determine how the decrease in BKCabeta1 expression under the diabetes impairs functional properties of BK channels and to establish possible changes in calcium signals that modulate channel activation.