Search

顱骨內表皮囊腫是一種少見、生長緩慢的良性腫瘤，可能是先天性或是後天造成的，多數表皮囊腫位於硬腦膜內，少數長在顱骨之中。這些病灶通常以無疼痛、數年至數十年間緩慢增大的腫塊來表現。我們報告一個年輕女性患有右側顳骨內表皮囊腫接受完整手術療程的病例，並且整理相關文獻探討。 Intradiploic epidermoid cysts are uncommon, slow-growing, benign tumors, ac-counting for approximately 1% of intracranial tumors. They can be congenital or ac-quired; most of them are located intradurally and rarely in the scalp. These lesions usually manifest as painless, gradually enlarging masses over years or decades. They are clinically and radiographically difficult to differentiate from other calvarial lesions. Accurate radiological assessment and complete surgical excision of the lesion and its capsule play a crucial role in ensuring favorable long-term outcomes. We present a case of a young female diagnosed with an epidermoid cyst in the right temporal bone who underwent complete and successful surgical treatment. A complete imaging study was obtained including X-rays and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, which demonstrated pathognomonic findings of an epidermoid cyst. We review the relevant literature, pathogenesis, radiographic characteristics, and di-agnosis of the epidermoid cysts. &nbsp

In some nonhuman primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological market theory suggests that grooming is widespread and represents a commodity that can be exchanged for infant handling. As a limited resource, however, the extent to which infants are interchanged between mothers (females with an infant) and non-mothers (potential handlers, females without an infant) remains unclear. In this study, we collected behavioral data to investigate the relationship between grooming and infant handling in free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our results showed that females with infants received more grooming than females without infants. After her infant was handled, mother females received more grooming than they did during daily grooming interactions. However, with the increasing number of infants within the social group, both the grooming that mothers received and the grooming that non-mothers invested for handling infants decreased. We also found that non-mothers invested more time in grooming to gain access to younger infants than older infants. Our results provide evidence that infants are social commodities for both mother and non-mother females. Mothers use infants for obtain grooming and non-mothers use grooming to gain access to infants. The current study implies a bidirectional and complex interchange pattern between grooming and infant handling to compensate for the dyadic grooming disparity in non-human primates.

On the basis of the UMHexagonS algorithm used in the Joint Model(JM) for H.264,a new fast algorithm on integer pixel motion estimation was proposed to improve the video encoding characteristics.A new order of checking predicted Motion Vector(MV) was proposed in the predicting starting search point to promote the accuracy of starting search point.Then,a self-adaptive global search method was proposed for the global search,by which the unsymmetrical-cross search and uneven multi-hexagon-grid search could be skipped based on the relationship between two predicted MVs with highest accuracy,and the feasibility and accuracy of this judging method was verified through tests on a number of different sequences.Meanwhile,an improved 5×5 search method was presented according to the distribution of best MV relative to the starting search point and a new early termination technique for sub-macroblock was added to further reduce the cost of motion estimation without additional computation.According to the experiment results,the proposed algorithm reduces the total number of search points by 83.80% and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) about 0.021 dB on average and increases an average increment of 0.46% on equivalent bitrates as compared with that of original UMHexagonS algorithm.With a negligible performance degradation,the proposed algorithm reduces the computation of motion estimation effectively and offers a well-distributed effect on sequences with different motion intensities.

For the unreliable data storage problem caused by bad blocks and single event upsets for the NAND flash memory in a space camera,this paper explores a bad block management strategy and an error correction algorithm.Firstly,the bad block management strategy based on parallel double-traverse mechanism was proposed by analyzing the characteristics of structure and operation for the NAND flash memory,the design ideas of the double traverse mechanism were described and its effectiveness was analyzed.Then,the error correction algorithm based on the shortened code RS(246,240) and RS(134,128) in the field GF(28) was proposed,and the encode/decode algorithm and corresponding circuits were given.Finally,the verification experiments on an image storage platform in the prototype machine for a space multi-spectral camera were carried out.The experimental results show that the bad block management strategy can fast and reliably dispose the bad block events,and the algorithm can identify the bad blocks in one system clock period.The error correction algorithm can correct 27 B error within the 2 KB/page with a encoder speed of 72.53 MBps and a decoder speed of 54.26 MBps.Proposed stratege effectively solve the problem of unreliable recording data in the NAND flash memory.

In order to resolve the problem which is the large cost of time and material resources when the ground real-time compression storage unit needs connect to the CCD camera,and improve the efficiency of the testing the ground real-time compression storage system,the image simulator system is designed and uses FPGA to realize the timing and logic control.The data is communicated between the USB 2.0 bus interface and the PC,and downloaded to FLASH.Meanwhile the self-check figure created by FPGA also simulates CCD output.And in order to make sure the high-speed transmission between data and space camera real-time compression storage unit,the system uses synchronous serial LVDS interface and high-speed Gbps interface and Camera Link interface.The result proves that the speed of data download comes to 40 Mbyte/s from USB interface,and there's no fault and lose when data transmitted between synchronous serial LVDS interface and high-speed Gbit/s interface.So the system is stable and reliable.

An error correction algorithm for CCD images was proposed to improve the reliability of image optical fiber transmission in a Time Delay Integrated(TDI)CCD camera with a large field of view.First,the image optical fiber transmission characteristics for the space camera and data transmission errors in a fiber channel Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) model were analyzed,and a(16,8) error correction algorithm was proposed.Then,the(16,8) algorithm idea and error correction principle were described and an implementation method using Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) and an encoder were explained.Meanwhile,the feasibility of the algorithm for space camera was explained in different aspects.Finally,the experiments were performed for the transmission system of a prototype in a space multispectral camera.The results show that the(16,8) algorithm has strong error detecting ability,less resource occupied rate and easier to realize with a hardware.The method is able to correct 191 bit errors in 3 043 Byte,and the resource occupied rate for the encoder is less than 5%.In conclusion,the algorithm improves the reliability of image optical fiber transmission in space cameras.

An Yb-doped double clad large mode area(LMA) fiber laser with a novel simple cavity configuration is demonstrated.This fiber laser system applies one end face of the fiber directly as a cavity mirror,which is fine polished after collapsing.Laser is obtained with the 4% feedback of the end face which has been polished at an angle of 0°,and mode-locking is achieved by using a semiconductor saturable Absorber as another cavity mirror.The average output powers are 144 mW and 120 mW with the repeatition frequency of 68 MHz(the corresponding single pulse energies are 2.1 nJ and 1.8 nJ),and the pulse widths are 9.9 ps and 4.8 ps,respectively.By increasing the pump power,stable multi-pulse outputs of 150 mW and 220 mW are obtained,which demonstrates the power energy of two and four pulses accordingly.Furthermore,by adding grating pairs inside the cavity,the output wavelength is tunable in the 1020~1080nm range.