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Many new mixed ligand complexes of mercury(II) have been synthesized with LH = 4,5-(diphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (diptSH) and tertiary phosphines as co-ligands. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV–Vis, molar conductivity, and NMR spectroscopy. In the binuclear complexes (2-5), both Hg atoms have tetrahedral geometry, the Hg atom bonded to three halide ions and one thione ligand (LH) through the sulfur atom. The complex (6) show that thiolate ligand(diptS-) is coordinated as monodentate through the sulfur atom. The dppm behave as bidentate bridging ligand to bonded two Hg(II) ions in the complex (7), Whereas in the complexes (7-10), the thionlate ligand bonded as a monodentate fashion via the sulfur atom, while the diphosphines ligands coordinated as bidentate chelating ligands, and the geometry around the Hg center ion is tetrahedral. And in the complexes (11 and 12), the phosphine bonded as monodentate ligand, and the thionlate bonded via the sulfur atom as monodentate to give tetrahedral complexes

New Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of the type [M(bzoS)2(diamine)] {where M = Pd(II) or Pt(II) } from the treatment of one mole of the diamine ligands {diamine = , phenanthroline (Phen), bipyridine (Bipy), ethylene diamine (en), or N,N′-dimethyl ethylene diamine (dmen)} with one mole of [M(bzoS)2] complexes. The prepared complexes were characterization by elemental analysis (CHN), molar conductivity, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance of proton (1H NMR). The bzoS- ligand was bonded as monodentate through the sulfur atom whereas the diamine ligands were bonded as bidentate fashion via the nitrogen atoms to give a square planner arrangement a round to the Pd and Pt ions.

Reaction of cadimium(II) chloride CdCl2.6H2O with two equivalents of N-hydroxymethylsaccharin (Sac-CH2OH) (1) in the presence of NEt3 afforded the presumably tetrahedral complex [Cd(K2-Sac-CH2O)2] (2). The Sac-CH2O- ligand behaves as a bidentate chelate. Reaction of (2) with one equivalent of the bidentate ligands (dipos); Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, (n = 1 dppm; 2 dppe; 3 dppp; 4 dppb), Ph2P(S)(CH2)P(S)Ph2 (dppmS2) afforded tetrahedral complexes of the type [Cd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(diphos)] (3-7). The reaction with two equivalents of the monodentate ligands (phos); Ph3P or Ph3PS gave [Cd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(phos)2] (8,9). The N-hydroxymethylsaccharinate anion acts as a monodentate ligand to the cadmium center through the hydroxymethyl oxygen atom. The complexes were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods.

The complexes containing mixed of ligands [5-(3-chlorophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione(CPoxSH)] and diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (diphos)(n=1-4), are prepared by the reaction of [Hg(CPoxS)2] or [M(H2O)2(CPoxS)2] (M = Co, Ni ) with one mole proportion of the diphosphine Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 gave tetrahedral complexes of the type [Hg(CPoxS)2(diphos)]. While gave an octahedral complexes with cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions of the type [M(H2O)(CPoxS)2(diphos)] when (M = Co and Ni ) receptivity. The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C-{1H} and 31P-{1H} n.m.r.

Influence of the constant heating treatment on structural and adsorption properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) of chicken was investigated. The results showed that heat treatment enhanced the exposure of sulfhydryl groups and improved hydrophobicity of MPs surface. Particle size distribution of MPs significantly varied depending on heat treatment duration. Also, heat treatments resulted in significant changes in the α-helix and β-sheet structures of MPs. Besides, the MPs formed larger, irregular, and cluster-like aggregates after heat treatments. Moreover, heat treatments increased viscosity and surface roughness of MPs, while zeta potential value was reduced after heat treatments. Furhthermore, binding interactions between the MPs and spices flavors signifcanlty varied relying on nature of MPs and flavor compounds, as well as heat treatments duration. Amino acid residues were interacted with flavor compounds of spices via a variety of bonds and a stable MPs-flavors complex was performed. The obtained results provide a basis for understanding structural and physicochemical changes that occur in MPs during cooking and the interactions between MPs and flavors of spices.

We synthesized a stable, eco-friendly, and low-cost polyaniline@β-cyclodextrin (PANI@β-CD) nanocomposite via oxidative polymerization for phenol adsorption from water waste since phenol pollution is a global danger to human and animal health and the environment. The production of the composite and synergistic alteration of PANI with β-CD resulted in 66% reduction in particle size from 59 nm (PANI) to 20 nm (PANI@β-CD) as well as better phenol adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the produced PANI@β-CD nanocomposite. Our results show the optimum conditions for phenol adsorption: time (50 min), pH (8.0), nanosorbent dose (0.5 g), and the sorption isotherm fitted with Langmuir model; the monolayer adsorption capacity of the prepared PANI@β-CD for phenol was determined to be 8.56 mg g

Three concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 × 107 spores ml−1) (of the biocontrol fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (strain AUMC 10620) were tested on citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans under in vitro and field conditions. Larvae and eggs were exposed to the fungal spores in vitro for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the findings were recorded at each time point. These results were compared with the application of the nematicide abamectin. Strain AUMC 10620 effectively reduced larval activity and egg hatching of T. semipenetrans under laboratory conditions. The highest concentration (5× 107 spores ml−1) of P. lilacinum, resulted in 89.01% immobility in the larvae, compared to abamectin, which resulted in 65.93% immobility after 48 h of exposure. These percentages of immobility were increased after 72 h of exposure (100 and 85.09%) when P. lilacinum at a concentration of 5 × 107 spores ml−1 and abamectin were used, respectively. On the other hand, the two other P. lilacinum concentrations (1.25, and 2.5 × 107 spores ml−1) affected the T. semipenetrans larvae to a lesser extent. The highest fungal concentration 5× 107 spores ml−1 inhibited the hatching of T. semipenetrans eggs in vitro with 71.34, 80, and 86.67% after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment compared to the abamectin treatment which showed 76.67, 78, and 87% after the abovementioned periods, respectively. In addition, the application of P. lilacinum (5 × 107 spores ml−1) or abamectin under field conditions significantly (P T. semipenetrans, Tylenchorhynchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., and Pratylenchus spp.) infesting citrus after one, two, and three weeks of treatment compared to the control treatment but with no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the two treatments. Three weeks after the field application, the percentage of nematode reduction was significantly (P 7 spores ml−1, respectively, by 78.42, 64.03, and 58.35%. It is evident from these results that the application of P. lilacinum strain (AUMC 10620) can be used in integrated pest management programs to control nematodes infesting citrus trees. Graphical abstract

Hematite (α-Fe 2O 3) is a photoelectrode for the water splitting process because of its relatively narrow bandgap and abundance in the earth's crust. In this study, the photoexcited state of a hematite thin film was investigated with femtosecond oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the PAL-XFEL in order to follow the dynamics of its photoexcited states. The 200 fs decay time of the hole state in the valence band was observed via its corresponding XAS feature.

Hg(ii) ortho-cyano-aminothiophenolate (ocap) complexes [Hg{SC6H3XN(CN)}]n (X = H, Me, Cl, Br, NO2) have been prepared from dehydrogenation and C–S bond cleavage of 2-aminobenzothiazoles.

Sugar beet productivity is highly constrained by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Eight sugar beet genotypes were screened under greenhouse conditions for their susceptibility to M. incognita according to an adapted quantitative scheme for assignment Canto-Saenz’s host suitability (resistance) designations (AQSCS). Besides, the degree of susceptibility or tolerance of the examined genotypes was recorded by the modified host-parasite index (MHPI) scale based on yield performance. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was also determined. Sugar beet genotypes have been classified into four categories for their susceptibility or tolerance according to the AQSCS scale. The first category, the moderately resistant (MR) group implies only one variety named SVH 2015, which did not support nematode reproduction (RF≤1), and had less root damage (GI≈2). Second, the tolerant group (T) involving Lilly and Halawa KWS supported fairly high nematode reproduction (RF>1) with relatively plant damage (GI≤2). Whereas the susceptible (S) category involved four varieties, FARIDA, Lammia KWS, Polat, and Capella, which supported nematode reproduction factor (RF>1) with high plant damage (GI>2). The fourth category refers to the highly susceptible (HYS) varieties such as Natura KWS that showed (RF≤1) and very high plant damage (GI>2). However, the MHPI scale showed that Lammia KWS variety was shifted from the (S) category to the (T) category. Results revealed significant differences among genotypes regarding disease severity, yield production, and quality traits. The SVH 2015 variety exhibited the lowest disease index values concerning population density with 800/250 cm3 soils, RF=2, root damage/gall index (GI=1.8), gall size (GS=2.3), gall area (GA=3.7), damage index (DI=3.4), susceptibility rate (SR=2.4), and MHP index (MHPI=2.5). However, Lammia KWS showed the highest disease index values regarding population density with 8890/250 cm3 soils, RF= 22.2, GI= 4.8, and SR= 14.1. Meanwhile, Natura KWS the highest GS, GA and MHPI with 7.1, 8 and 20.9, respectively. The lowest DI was achieved by Capella (DI= 6) followed by Lammia KWS (DI= 5.9). For yield production, and quality traits, SVH 2015 exhibited the lowest reductions of sugar yields/beet's root with 11.1%. While Natura KWS had the highest reduction with 79.3%, as well as it showed the highest reduction in quality traits; including sucrose, T.S.S, and purity with 65, 27.3, and 51.9%, respectively. The amino acid alignment and prediction of the DNA sequences revealed the presence of five SNPs among all sugar beet verities.

Emotion has a significant influence on how one thinks and interacts with others. It serves as a link between how a person feels and the actions one takes, or it could be said that it influences one's life decisions on occasion. Since the patterns of emotions and their reflections vary from person to person, their inquiry must be based on approaches that are effective over a wide range of population regions. To extract features and enhance accuracy, emotion recognition using brain waves or EEG signals requires the implementation of efficient signal processing techniques. Various approaches to human-machine interaction technologies have been ongoing for a long time, and in recent years, researchers have had great success in automatically understanding emotion using brain signals. In our research, several emotional states were classified and tested on EEG signals collected from a well-known publicly available dataset, the DEAP Dataset, using SVM (Support Vector Machine), KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor), and an advanced neural network model, RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), trained with LSTM (Long Short Term Memory). The main purpose of this study is to improve ways to improve emotion recognition performance using brain signals. Emotions, on the other hand, can change with time. As a result, the changes in emotion over time are also examined in our research.

The climate emergency has made it necessary to rethink our economy which relies heavily on fossil fuels. Currently, sustainable processes are too costly, but catalysis as a key enabling technology has the potential to reduce process costs to a level that makes them economically viable. In spite of that, the existing catalyst discovery paradigm depends heavily on serendipity and trial and error methods. What is urgently needed to transform the energy transition is a catalyst acceleration platform (CAP) that expedites the development of next-generation sustainable processes. To advance the field, we need to use state-of-the-art robotic and algorithmic tools to look beyond the well-established systems that dominate the current research landscape. Herein, we discuss the requirements for a successful catalyst acceleration concept and the societal impact of breakthrough catalytic materials.

Seven Zn-dithiocarbamate complexes were suggested as corrosion inhibitors. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict the ability of inhibition. Room temperature conditions were applied to suggest the optimization of complexes, physical properties, and corrosion parameters. In addition, the HOMO, LUMO, dipole moment, energy gap, and other parameters were used to compare the inhibitors efficiency. Gaussian 09 software with LanL2DZ basis set was used. Total electron density (TED) and electrostatic surface potential (ESP) were utilized to show the sites of adsorption according to electron density.

Addition of 2-aminobenzothiazole (abt) and substituted derivatives to Hg(OAc)

Polyamines (PAs) are plant growth regulators that attenuate the destructive impacts of water deficit on sesame plants, particularly in arid regions under abrupt climate change. Limited information is available on the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, and agronomic responses of sesame to exogenous application of PAs under water deficit under field conditions. Thus, a two-season field trial was carried out to assess the impact of exogenously sprayed spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and putrescine (Put) on physio-biochemical and anatomical parameters and their influences on agronomic performance and crop water productivity of sesame plants. The sesame plants were assessed under three irrigation regimes; full irrigation (100% ETc), mild drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions. Drought stress displayed negative impacts on all evaluated parameters. However, exogenously applied Pas, especially Put, restricted the destructive effects of water deficit. The application of PAs exhibited highly significant enhancement in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids), gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and rate of transpiration), water relations (relative water content, membrane stability index, excised leaf water retention), and plant nutrient content (N, P, and K) compared to untreated plants, particularly under severe drought stress. Moreover, PA application displayed highly significant amelioration in osmoprotectants (free proline, soluble sugars, α-Tocopherol, ascorbate, and glutathione), and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). In addition, foliar nourishing with PAs exhibited a highly significant reduction in oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide). These positive impacts of PA application under drought stress were reflected in highly significant improvement in anatomical characteristics (midrib length and width, vascular bundle length and width, thickness of phloem, xylem and collenchyma, vessel diameter, and number of xylem rows in midvein bundle), and yield-related traits (plant height, leaf area, number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil content). Consequently, exogenous application of PAs (in particular, Put) could be exploited to enhance the crop water productivity and yield traits of sesame plants under low water availability in arid regions.

Mixed ligand complexes of Pd(II) and Cd(II) with N-picolyl-amine dithiocarbamate (PAC-dtc) as primary ligand and tertiary phosphine ligand as secondary ligands have been synthesized and characterized via elemental analysis, molar conductance, NMR (1H and 31P), and IR techniques. The PAC-dtc ligand displayed in a monodentate fashion via sulfur atom whereas diphosphine ligands coordinated as a bidentate mode to afford a square planner around the Pd(II) ion or tetrahedral around the Cd(II) ion. Except for complexes [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(dppe)] and [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(PPh3)2], the prepared complexes showed significant antimicrobial activity when evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed to investigate three complexes {[Pd(PAC-dtc)2(dppe)](1), [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(dppe)](2), [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(PPh3)2](7)}, and their quantum parameters were evaluated using the Gaussian 09 program at the B3LYP/Lanl2dz theoretical level. The optimized structures of the three complexes were square planar and tetrahedral geometry. The calculated bond lengths and bond angles showed a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry for [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(dppe)](2) compared to [Cd(PAC-dtc)2(PPh3)2](7) due to the ring constrain in the dppe ligand. Moreover, the [Pd(PAC-dtc)2(dppe)](1) complex showed higher stability compared to Cd(2) and Cd(7) complexes which can be attributed to the higher back-donation of Pd(1) complex.

Treatment of 1,4-benzothiazin-3-one (Hbto) with mercury(II) acetate Hg(OAc)2 in 2:1 mol ratio affords [Hg(bto)2] (1) in 99% yield. The resulted complex was used as a synthon to prepare new mixed-ligand complexes with monophosphines or diphosphines of the types [Hg(bto)2(L)2] or [Hg(bto)2(L-L)]; where L = triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) (2) or triphenylphosphinesulfide (Ph3PS) (3); L-L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) (4) or 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene (dppf) (5). FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P-{1H} NMR, molar conductivity and elemental analysis were used to characterize the resulted complexes. Results suggest that 'bto' ion in [Hg(bto)2] (1) is linked to mercury ion via exocyclic oxygen and endocyclic nitrogen atoms in a chelating bidentate fashion while in the complexes (2–5), it is linked to mercury ion via endocyclic nitrogen atom in a monodentate fashion. Furthermore, to take benefit of mercury complexes which were classified as toxic compounds, [Hg(bto)2] (1) complex has been evaluated for its susceptibility to hydrogen storage. The result of H2 storage showed that this complex can store 1.42 wt% of hydrogen under 88 bar and 77 K.

Six N-acetamide complex, [Pd(bzta)2](1a), [Pd(bzmta)2](1b) and [Pd(bzcta)2](1c), [Pt(bzta)2] (2a), [Pt(bzmta)2](2b) and [Pt(bzcta)2](2c) {bztaH: N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide, bzmtaH: N-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide, bzctaH: N-(6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) acetamide} have been prepared and characterized by NMR (1H & 13C, 1H-1H COSY), infrared and UV–visible technique, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity. The spectroscopic data is in agreement with the coordination of acetamide to Pd(II) and Pt(II) through the N atom of the heterocyclic ring and the deprotonated oxygen atom of the amide group. The anticancer effect of 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b were examined against three different cancer cell lines, Lung (A549), ovarian (A2780), and Melanoma (518A2). It's clear that the results revealed that the cytotoxic effect of 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b was different against the cell lines. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the structure and stability of the compounds by calculating the highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HUMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), band gap energies, and frequency calculations.

The reaction of the equimolar ratio of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate {(NH4)PyDT} and sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2DT) with the divalent ion salts of zinc, cadmium and mercury resulted in the complexes of the type [M(κ2-PyDT)(κ2-Et2DT)]; {M(II) = Zn, Cd, Hg}. These complexes were characterized using different techniques: elemental analysis, molar conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR and HSQC. The results demonstrate the bidentate chelating mode of the two dithiocarbamate ligands through the sulfur atoms to afford a tetrahedral geometry around the metal ion. Surprisingly, these coordination compounds were obtained as nanocomplexes with regular geometrical nanostructures as follows; [Zn(κ2-PyDT)(κ2-Et2DT)] (1) as nanosheets with a thickness of 21–24 nm, [Cd(κ2-PyDT)(κ2-Et2DT)] (2) as nanorods with a diameter of 70–380 nm while [Hg(κ2-PyDT)(κ2-Et2DT)] (3) was found as merged nanospheres with a diameter of 54–70 nm. These nanostructures have been demonstrated using the SEM and X-ray diffraction of the powder.

Jojoba oil (JO) extracted from seeds has outstanding properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, and can be stored forlong periodsof time. The unique properties of jojoba oil depend on its chemical composition; therefore, the effect of the jojoba genotype on the chemical properties and active components of the seed oil was evaluated in this study. Oil samples were collected from 15 elite Egyptian jojoba lines. The chemical composition, such as moisture, crude fiber, crude oil, ash, and crude protein of elite lines’ seeds was determined to investigate the variation among them based on the jojoba genotype. In addition, the iodine value was obtained to measure the degree of jojoba oil unsaturation, whereas the peroxide number was determined as an indicator of the damage level in jojoba oil. Fatty acid composition was studied to compare elite jojoba lines. Fatty acid profiles varied significantly depending on the jojoba genotype. Gadoleic acid exhibited the highest percentage value (67.85–75.50%) in the extracted jojoba oil, followed by erucic acid (12.60–14.81%) and oleic acid (7.86–10.99%). The iodine value, peroxide number, and fatty acid composition of the tested elite jojoba lines were compared withthose reported by the International Jojoba Export Council (IJEC). The results showed that the chemical properties of jojoba oils varied significantly, depending on the jojoba genotype.

Water polluted by phenolic compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent biological system from a chitosan (CS), gelatin (GT), and

Background Suture-less aortic valves aim to achieve better outcomes and to aid and facilitate the minimally invasive aortic valve replacement procedure by tackling the issue of cross-clamp time, which is an independent predictor of postoperative outcomes, especially in patients with serious comorbidities. By reducing the number of sutures, the time for suture placement is reduced. Our meta-analysis tried to assess the safety and haemodynamic performance of the suture-less aortic valve prostheses to ascertain their benefits as a viable alternative to current established measures. Method From their inceptions to February 2017, six electronic databases were searched. Relevant studies using commercially accessible suture-free valves to replace the aortic valve have been recognised. Based on the predefined endpoints, data were collected and analysed. Results For incorporation in qualitative and quantitative analyses, 24 studies were recognised, with a total number of 5,073 patients undergoing suture-less aortic valve replacement. Mortality incidence at the 30-day and 12-month follow-ups were 2.5% and 2.7%, respectively, while the incidences of thromboembolic events (1.6%) and paravalvular leak (0.5%) were acceptable. Conclusions Current available evidence indicates that sutureless aortic valve replacement is a safe operation showing low mortality and complication rates, with satisfactory haemodynamic performance.

Six palladium (II) and platinum (II) mixed ligand complexes of metronidazole (mnz) and saccharinate (sac) or benzothiazolinolate (bit) complexes of the type [ML2(mnz)2], M = Pd or Pt, L = sac or bit, have been prepared in moderate to high yield. The newly prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental (C,H,N,S) analysis, conductivity measurements, infrared and 1H-NMR spectra. Characterization data showed that the mnz ligand in all of the prepared complexes is coordinated to metal center through the imidazole nitrogen atom. The (sac) anion ligand is coordinated through the endocyclic nitrogen atom, while the (bit) anion ligand is coordinated through the nitrogen atom in the palladium complex and through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in the platinum complexes. The geometry of the Pd (II) and Pt (II) complexes is square planar complexes.

Potato cyst nematodes caused by

Background Little phosphorus availability in soil is one of the major forces for crop production. Phosphate solubilizing fungi enhance available phosphorus from soils and contribute to achieve the plants phosphorus requirement. Phosphate solubilizing fungi are important component of soil microbiota and play an essential role in the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in natural ecosystems. Results The study tested the potential of the isolated phosphate solubilizing fungi to inhibit the growth of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum candidum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. A total of 137 fungal isolates were isolated and identified from 30 soil samples. Nine isolates solubilized inorganic phosphate (tricalcium phosphate). Eight of these isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of Alhagi graecorum Boiss., Allium cepa L., Ehrharta calycina Sm., Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) Raven, Mentha longifolia L., Phragmites communis Trin.,Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L., respectively and one isolate was isolated from island's free soil. Purified single spore cultures of these nine isolates were identified to species level by multi loci DNA barcoding using internal transcribed spacer1and 2 (ITS1 and ITS 2) of the rRNA gene cluster, Calmodulin (CaM) and β-tubulin)BenA) gene markers. Conclusions The isolated phosphate solubilizing fungi belonged to two genera, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The phosphate solubilization index ranged from 1 to 1.5. Aspergillius japonicus 2 had the highest solubilization index (1.5) and also had the highest inhibition percentage (70%) against Alternaria alternata. This isolate is promising for development of biocontrol agent of Fusarium solani, Geotricum candidium and Alternaria alternata. The highest phosphate solubilization by Aspergillius japonicus 2 was obtained by using sucrose as carbon source and also ammonium chloride and tryptophan as nitrogen source. The highest solubilization percentage was 78.2% at optimum glucose concentration (5%) while the pH value that gave the highest solubilization percentage (90%) was 3. After eight days of incubation of Aspergillius japonicus 2, the solubilization percentage reached its maximum value (80.2%).

Seven new complexes [Hg(k1-ptt)2](1), [Hg(k1-ptt)2(dppm)](2), [Hg(k1-ptt)2(dppe)](3), [Hg(k1-ptt)2(dppp)](4), [Hg(k1-ptt)2(dppb)](5), [Hg(k1-ptt)2(dppf)] (6), and [Hg(k1-ptt)2(PPh3)2] (7) have been synthesized and characterized. The reaction of two moles equivalent of 1-Phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol (Hptt) with one mole equivalent of Hg(oAc)2.xH2O in ethanol solution afford [Hg(k1-ptt)2] (1). Treatment of (1) with one mole equivalent of diphos (diphos : dppm, dppe, dppp, dppb, dppf) or two moles equivalent of PPh3 afforded a complexes of the types [Hg(k1-ptt)2(diphos)] (2-6) or [Hg(k1-ptt)2(PPh3)2] (7). The prepared complexes have been characterized by CHNS elemental analyses, molar conductivity, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopy. In all complexes, the ptt- ligand is bonded through the sulfur atom of deprotonated thiol group, whereas the diphosphine ligands bonded as bidentate chelating and PPh3 bonded as a monodentate, to afford a tetrahedral geometry around the Hg+2 ion.

A new complex of the type [Hg(k2-Saln)2] (1) was prepared from the reaction of mercury acetate and salicylanilide (HSaln) in (1:2) molar ratio EtOH as a solvent with presence an Et3N as a base. Treatment of complex (1) with diphosphine {where diphos: dppe, dppp, dppb dppf and dppmS2} in 1:1) (complex: diphos) molar ratio afforded a complexes of the types [Hg(k1-Saln)2(diphos)] (2-6),where as a complexes of the types [Hg(k1-Saln)2(phos)2] (7,8) when treatment of complex(1) with two moles of monophosphine (PPh3 or SPPh3). The prepared complexes were fully characterization by many technical such as elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 31P). In complex (1) the (Saln-) was bonded as bidentate chelating ligand through the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl and deprotonated hydroxyl group, whereas bonded as monodentate ligand through the oxygen atom of deprotonated hydroxyl group in all other complexes (2-8). The geometry of the complexes (1-8) is a tetrahedral around the mercury (II) ion.

Herein, a simple colorimetric aptasensor based on unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been developed for quantifying pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a peptide hormone associated with nonfunctional neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor (NF-PNET). First, several PP-specific aptamers have been screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. The generated aptamers showed specificity and affinity higher than those reported so far. The sensing platform was constructed based on the optical properties of AuNPs as well as the adsorption of single-stranded DNA aptamers. The high sensitivity of the developed aptasensor was achieved by optimizing the sensing conditions, including salt tolerance, time of reaction, and optimal aptamer concentration. The developed aptasensor showed a wide linear dynamic range (1–60 nM) with a limit of detection of 521 pM. Furthermore, the performance of the aptasensor was evaluated for the detection of PP in human serum and showed recovery values ranging between 92.4...

Treatment of the chelated palladium(II) complex, trans-[Pd(K2-Sac-CH2O)2].2H2O with one mole equivalent of the diammines (L-L), L-L = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy),. ethylene diamine (en), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), or N,N-dimethyl ethylene diammine (dmen) in EtOH solvent afforded mixed ligand complexes of the type [Pd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(L-L)] in 82-93% yield. While treatment of trans-[Pd(K2-Sac-CH2O)2].2H2O with two mole equivalents of the monoamines (L), L=pyridine (py), 3-methylpyridine (3-mpy) or 3-aminopyridine (3-apy) in EtOH solvent gave trans-[Pd(K1-Sac-CH2O)2(L)2] complexes in 86-89% yield The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental CHN analysis, .conductivity measurements,. infrared and 1H nmr spectra.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication after bariatric surgery with high mortality. Our study aimed to spotlight on the importance of anticoagulants after sleeve gastrectomy and its effect on lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) incidence in obese patients with low BMI. Patients and methods: A prospective observational study was performed, including 200 patients with BMI between 35 and 45 kg/m2 undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in the period between February 2017 and September 2018. Half of the patients received anti-thromboembolic dosage scheme of 0.5mg/kg/day with the induction of anaesthesia and for one week postoperatively (Group A) while the other half had no anticoagulation therapy (Group B). Results:Patients were followed with lower limb venous duplex at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months interval from the operation or on appearance of symptoms of DVT. No patients had DVT in both groups by venous duplex. Conclusion: The incidence of lower limb DVT after LSG in patients with low BMI is not affected only by anticoagulants. We need further investigations including coagulation profile and congenital anticoagulation abnormalities to give an accurate idea about the influence of LSG on the incidence of DVT.

Various chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles (CS-NPs) of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CHCl) have been investigated for therapeutic delivery and to enhance antimicrobial efficacy. However, the Box–Behnken design (BBD)-supported statistical optimization of NPs of CHCl has not been performed in the literature. As a result, the goal of this study was to look into the key interactions and quadratic impacts of formulation variables on the performance of CHCl-CS-NPs in a systematic way. To optimize CHCl-loaded CS-NPs generated by the ionic gelation process, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The BBD was used with three factors on three levels and three replicas at the central point. Tripolyphosphate, CS concentrations, and ultrasonication energy were chosen as independent variables after preliminary screening. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and in vitro release were the dependent factors (responses). Prepared NPs were found in the PS range of 198–304 nm with a ZP of 27–42 mV. EE and drug release were in the range of 23–45% and 36–61%, respectively. All of the responses were optimized at the same time using a desirability function based on Design Expert® modeling and a desirability factor of 95%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the improved formula against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, was determined. The MIC of the optimized NPs was found to be decreased 4-fold compared with pure CHCl. The predicted and observed values for the optimized formulation were nearly identical. The BBD aided in a better understanding of the intrinsic relationship between formulation variables and responses, as well as the optimization of CHCl-loaded CS-NPs in a time- and labor-efficient manner.

Ten transition metal dithiocarbamate (DTC)complexes of the type [M(κ 2‐Et2DT)2] (1–5), and [M(κ 2‐PyDT)2] (6–10) (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt; Et2DT = diethyl dithiocarbamate; PyDT = pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) were synthesized and characterized by different methods. The dithiocarbamate acted as bidentate chelating ligands to afford a tetrahedral complexes with Co(II) ion and square planner with other transition metal ions. The dithiocarbamate complexes showed good activity against the pathogen bacteria species. The results showed the Pt‐dithiocarbamate complexes are more active against all the tested bacteria than the Pd‐dithiocarbamate complex. The dithiocarbamate complexes displayed the maximum inhibition zone against E. coli bacteria, whereas the lowest activity of the dithiocarbamate against Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes was screened against the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line and the complexes showed moderate activity compared with the cis‐platin. The results indicated that the MCF7 cells treated with 500 μg\ml of ligands and Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes after 24 hr exposure showed intercellular space and dead cells. Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out to examine the binding mode of the synthesized compounds against the proposed target; SARS COV2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase., Transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes of the type [M(κ 2‐Et2DT)2] (1–5), and [M(κ 2‐PyDT)2] (6–10) (Where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt; Et2DT = Diethyl dithiocarbamate; PyDT = Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) were synthesized and characterized. The dithiocarbamate (DTC) act as bidentate chelating ligands to afford a tetrahedral complexes with Co(II) ion and square planner with other transition metal ion. The dithiocarbamate complexes showed good activity against the pathogen bacteria species. The cytotoxicity of the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes was screened against MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line and the complexes showed moderate activity compared with the cis‐platin. Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out to examine the binding mode of the synthesized compounds against the proposed target; SARS COV2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase.

A novel 2- [-2-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl) azo] -5-dimethyl amino benzoic acid) was synthesized from 2-amino-4,5- dimethyl thiazole. The azo ligand was obtained by the diazotization of 2-amino-4,5- dimethyl thiazole and coupling with 3-dimethyl amino benzoic acid in an alkaline alcoholic solution. Compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as (1H, 13C NMR, UV–Vis, FT-IR) mass spectra, and XRD diffraction. In addition to, standard characterization techniques that including elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, molar conductivity, and FESEM. These studies revealed octahedral geometries around the Co(III) and Cd(II) ions. The prepared compound was a screen for their bioactive such as streptococcusEscherichia coli, and Penicillium.sp. Moreover, Anticancer activity of the new ligand and Co complex was tested against breast carcinoma cell (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT assay and results revealed that the synthesized complex exhibited a good anticancer activity a promising candidate for future anti-cancer drugs. Also, the theoretical section was used to determine the physical characteristics and inhibitory activity of cancer cells via docking.

There is a general paucity of studies concerning trophic interactions between zooplankton and Cyanobacteria, and about the general role which zooplankton play in pelagic food webs in tropical saline lakes. Although the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon resources to the diet of zooplankton in temperate lakes is well understood, significant knowledge gaps remain in tropical systems.This thesis addresses three principal questions: (1) What are the principal trophic interactions between zooplankton and Cyanobacteria in tropical lakes, with a specific focus on the lakes of the East African Rift Valley?; (2) Is there potential for competition between zooplankton and lesser flamingos in the Rift Valley lakes?; (3) What is the relative importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous carbon sources for aquatic consumers in tropical lakes? These questions were answered by analysing the compositions and trophic interactions in the pelagic food webs of four contrasting East African lakes (Naivasha, Baringo, Bogoria and Sonachi). The lakes were sampled over two campaigns in different seasons. The planktonic compositions and size distributions were assessed by microscopic identification of individual planktonic taxa. Fish and flamingos were also sampled. The trophic levels and potential dietary interactions of each identified taxa were then evaluated using natural abundance stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N). The potential contribution of other carbon sources, such as terrestrial particulate organic carbon, was also assessed.In Chapter 3, observations from Lake Sonachi suggest that the pico-alga Synechococcus sp. was the dominant food item for the principal zooplankton taxon (the large calanoid Lovenula sp.). This finding differs from reports in other in tropical lakes which had suggested that large calanoids mainly consume colonies of Microcystis sp. The findings from Lake Bogoria, presented in Chapter 4, suggest a pronounced seasonality in the occurrence of Moina sp. and Cyclotella sp. This was predominantly a consequence of lake level rise and associated freshening during the wet season. These organisms do not appear to be utilised as a significant food source by flamingos in this lake. This suggests that seasonal shifts in the planktonic food web structure are not beneficial for flamingos in this lake. The results also suggest that rotifers may compete with flamingos for their main food item, the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. In Chapter 5, stable isotope abundance and C/N ratio data from Lakes Baringo and Naivasha suggest that pelagic zooplankton in both lakes were largely dependent on autochthonous carbon in both sampling seasons, despite potentially large catchment sediment fluxes. This challenges previous suggestions that allochthonous carbon is an important basal resource for pelagic food webs in many lakes. Such assumptions, as derived from temperate lake systems may not always apply to tropical lake systems, as sampled in this study.

Copper tungstate (CuWO4) is an important semiconductor with a sophisticated and debatable electronic structure that has a direct impact on its chemistry. Using the PAL-XFEL source, we study the electronic dynamics of photoexcited CuWO4. The Cu L3 X-ray absorption spectrum shifts to lower energy upon photoexcitation, which implies that the photoexcitation process from the oxygen valence band to the tungsten conduction band effectively increases the charge density on the Cu atoms. The decay time of this spectral change is 400 fs indicating that the increased charge density exists only for a very short time and relaxes electronically. The initial increased charge density gives rise to a structural change on a time scale longer than 200 ps.

High concentration of oil and grease produced from gas and oil industries have been considered as a crucial problem facing aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the development of functional materials for efficient removal of oil from oil/water emulsion is imperative. In the current study, a low cost and highly efficient 3D printed lab-on chip (LOC) device is presented. Firstly, the device model was designed and printed using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing as two parts connected using screws and bolts. Secondly, isotropic, and anisotropic PES membranes were prepared by induced phase separation method and integrated in the device. The fabricated membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, pore size and hydrophilicity. The results revealed that drastic changes in the membrane morphology and overall structure were achieved by using vapour induced phase separation instead of the traditional phase separation method. It is noticeable that the isotropic membrane has higher permeability and oil rejection compared to the anisotropic one. The current study introduces a proof of concept of compact and integrated membrane-based LOC for treatment of small volumes of oily wastewater.

Treatment of one molar equivalent of [M(HCPPT)2] (M=Pd, Pt; H2CPPT = 1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea) with one molar equivalent of κ2-diphos (diphos = dppe, dppp, dppb, and dppf) or two molar equivalent of κ1-phos afforded eight heterocyclic thiourea dianion complexes (1-8). The spectroscopic data analysis showed clear AX splitting pattern, which indicates that the two coordinated phosphorus atoms are non-equivalent. Meaning that, the metal's center is attached to both S,N donor atoms in a chelating fashion. In addition, the splitting system show a good resemblance to the previously synthesized thiourea dianion complexes. Furthermore, the reaction is believed to undergo a square planar substitution mechanism at which five coordinate intermediate is formed. Generally, the reported complexes (1-8) are believed to resemble their analogues thiourea dianion complexes at which a four membered ring structure is formed with Pt(II) or Pd(II) being centered, adopting a square planar geometry. Four of the synthesized complexes (1-4) were tested against Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis bacteria at which complexes 4 and 2 showed highest activity values.

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for a fully coupled Riemann–Stieltjes, integro-multipoint, boundary value problem of Caputo-type sequential fractional differential equations. The given system is studied with the aid of the Leray–Schauder alternative and contraction mapping principle. A numerical example illustrating the abstract results is also presented.