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Apresentação à Convergência Lusíada 47.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as ações de pré-natal, desenvolvidas antes e depois da implantação do Projeto Cuidando do Futuro (PCF), no município de Bacabal, Maranhão, considerando os indicadores prevista na dimensão gestação saudável e segura. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida a partir de dados do Sistema de Acompanhamento do Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento, das gestantes que iniciaram e finalizaram a assistência pré-natal nos anos de 2009 e 2011, um ano antes da implantação do PCF e um ano após, respectivamente, tendo como base os indicadores de qualidade propostos, pelo PCF. Para estudar o indicador de mortalidade infantil utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informação de Nascido Vivo, sendo analisado pelo Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, utilizando a correlação de Pearson para comparação das variáveis em estudo. Observou-se que o número de gestantes que realizaram sete ou mais consultas passou de 1,2% para 14,7%, notando-se um aumento na realização do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de 11,7% para 66,5%. Em relação aos exames laboratoriais, em 2009, 10% das gestantes realizaram todos os exames, tendo um acréscimo para 13% em 2011 e o número de gestantes imunizadas ampliou-se de 51,6% para 79%. Com todos esses indicadores melhorados, observou-se uma redução da mortalidade infantil. Conclui-se que o PCF, gerou impacto positivo nas ações de pré-natal, ajudando a reduzir as taxas de mortalidade infantil.

The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on health services internationalization and to identify the most addressed themes using the Scopus platform. Six articles were analyzed in detail and contributed to the results and discussion. The literature was found to highlight the internationalization of medical services mainly in developed countries. However, emerging countries have felt the need to adapt their services to international competitiveness. The potential of these initiatives has encouraged governments to restructure their hospital infrastructure. This growth, in the countries of origin, is a consequence of outdated, slower, and overloaded services and the difficulty of access to alternative treatments. This study summarizes the reasons, motives, and decision-making processes that lead patients to opt for services outside their home country.

Esse trabalho buscou compreender concepções sobre as crianças com laudos. O objetivo foi analisar os discursos sobre os laudos como solução para queixas de dificuldades de aprendizagem. Foram entrevistados professores e profissionais de apoio da rede pública de ensino em uma cidade no interior de Goiás. As entrevistas foram transcritas e, na sequência, foi feita uma análise de conteúdo (temática). A partir das temáticas centrais nos discursos dos entrevistados, foram criadas seis categorias e aqui será apresentada a categoria “Concepções sobre laudos e crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem”. Observou-se, nos discursos, forte influência da concepção médica e biológica dos problemas de aprendizagem, além de estereótipos e preconceitos em relação às crianças com transtornos mentais e/ou dificuldades de aprendizagem. É necessário um olhar crítico dos profissionais que se inserem na educação para superar concepções de sujeito descontextualizadas do cenário social, econômico, político e educacional para, então, alcançar uma educação inclusiva.

Care for food security has been on the rise in recent years, establishing a series of discussions among the responsible sectors to ensure that the population does not receive products that are harmful to their health and do not present pathogenic microorganisms from their manipulation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria on cutting boards (wood, plastic and glass) used for food handling at two farmer’s markets in Bacabal/ MA. 16 samples of the surfaces of these utensils were analyzed through cultivation in MacConkey agar and nutrient agar culture media; the microorganisms were identified by Enterokit B® and Gram stain test and catalase test, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was also performed with 10 drugs. The results of microbiological analysis indicated the presence of Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Serratia marcenscens and Citrobacter freundii, and the wooden cutting board displayed the greatest contamination. In relation to AST, some bacteria demonstrated resistance to oxacillin, lincomycin and cephalothin. Hygienic and sanitary aspects of the plates are not adequate, thus being tools for the transmission of pathogens. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a concern and a public health problem, so there is a need to improve these conditions and strategies to minimize the occurrence of microorganisms.

Introduction Research on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) occupies a prominent place in the field of biomedicine nowadays, being their putative toxicity and bioactivity areas of major concern. The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using extracts from marine organisms allows the avoidance of hazardous production steps while maintaining features of interest, thus enabling the exploitation of their promising bioactivity. Objective To synthesize and characterize AuNPs using, for the first time, macroalga Cystoseira tamariscifolia aqueous extract (Au@CT). Methods Algal aqueous extracts were used for the synthesis of AuNPs, which were characterized using a wide panel of physicochemical techniques and biological assays. Results The characterization by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Z-potential and infrared spectroscopy confirmed that Au@CT were stable, spherical and polycrystalline, with a mean diameter of 7.6 ± 2.2 nm. The antioxidant capacity of the extract, prior to and after synthesis, was analyzed in vitro, showing that the high antioxidant potential was not lost during the synthesis. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo toxicity was screened, by comparing two species of the genus Cystoseira (C. tamariscifolia and C. baccata) and the corresponding biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (Au@CT and Au@CB). Cytotoxicity was tested in mouse (L929) and human (BJ5ta) fibroblast cell lines. In both cases, only the highest (nominal) test concentration of both extracts (31.25 mg/mL) or Au@CB (12.5 mM) significantly affected cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay. These results were corroborated by a Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test. Briefly, it was shown that, at the highest (nominal) tested concentration (31.25 mg/mL), CT extract induced significantly higher cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity than CB extract. However, it was demonstrated that Au@CT, but not Au@CB, were generally non-toxic. At sub-lethal (nominal) test concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 mM), Au@CT affected zebrafish embryonic development to a much lesser extent than Au@CB. In vitro wound healing assays also revealed that, while other experimental conditions did not impact cell migration, CT and Au@CT displayed a moderate positive effect. Conclusion Au@CT and Au@CB display promising features, desirable for biomedical applications, as wound healing.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el clima de seguridad desde la perspectiva de los profesionales del equipo de enfermería que trabajan en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de dos hospitales en el interior del estado de Maranhao, Brasil, después de realizar un entrenamiento sobre la seguridad del paciente. Material y método: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo post-intervención que reclutó a 105 profesionales de enfermería que trabajaban en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de dos hospitales. Después de una capacitación sobre la seguridad del paciente se aplicó el Cuestionario de Actitudes de Seguridad (SAQ). Resultados: Las puntuaciones de cada dominio de SAQ en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de Açailândia e Imperatriz, respectivamente, fueron: clima de trabajo en equipo, 54,67 y 63,43; clima de seguridad, 57,25 y 53,99; satisfacción laboral, 81,67 y 80,59; percepción del estrés, 46,40 y 66,51; percepción de la gestión hospitalaria, 57,27 y 54,03; condiciones de trabajo, 57,27 y 51,02. En una escala con una puntuación máxima de 100 y una puntuación aceptable de 75, la puntuación final de la SAQ fue de 58,75 en Açailândia y 60,43 en Imperatriz, que se consideran bajas. Conclusión: Se identificaron deficiencias graves en el clima de seguridad con puntuaciones inferiores a 75 y la necesidad de aplicar eficazmente los protocolos de seguridad del paciente.

O objetivo desse ensaio é o de identificar diferentes trajetórias de empreendedores imigrantes que são ilustradas através de comportamentos, e inspiradas tanto em evidências empíricas quanto nas teorias existentes a respeito do tema. Na proposta do modelo de trajetórias, destacam-se alguns fatores, como: a situação legal na entrada do país, o grau de escolaridade, experiências prévias de trabalho, proficiência na língua local, e o grau de conexão dos imigrantes, conformado dentro ou fora das comunidades étnicas. As trajetórias de cada tipo de imigração pesquisada configuram-se como caminhos únicos e possíveis. São ilustradas as trajetórias que retratam alguns tipos de empreendedores, baseados em suas histórias de vida. Os pesquisadores valeram-se da inspiração da literatura acadêmica no tema combinada com dados que emergiram do campo através de diversas técnicas de coleta - entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante, análise documental e surveys. De acordo com sua similaridade e representatividade, foram categorizadas nove possíveis trajetórias, que se configuram a partir de um processo decisório, combinando o efeito do ambiente com a história individual de cada imigrante, sendo explicadas ao longo do ensaio.

Sixteen Murciano-Granadina dairy goats, provided with wireless rumen sensors for pH and temperature, were used to assess the rumen environment variations produced by extreme forage to concentrate diets (experiment 1) and climatic conditions (experiment 2). To avoid the interference of feed intake, goats were fed at maintenance level. Rumen sensors were inserted by surgery and programmed to collect and store rumen pH and temperature every 30min. In experiment 1, 8 dry goats (38.6±2.3kg of body weight) in tiestalls were divided into 2 groups and fed at maintenance level with 2 diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio [high forage (HF) 70:30; low forage (LF) 30:70] according to a crossover design. Diets were offered once daily for 4h and tap water (4 L, 9.8±0.4°C) was offered for only 30min at 6h after feeding. Rectal temperatures were recorded 3 times during the day. Rumen pH fell immediately after feeding, reaching a nadir depending on the diet (HF=6.35±0.07 at 11h after feeding; LF=6.07±0.07 at 6h after feeding) and being on average greater (0.31±0.06) in HF than LF goats. No diet effects were detected in rectal (38.2±0.1°C) and ruminal (38.9±0.1°C) mean temperatures, which were positively correlated. Rumen temperature dramatically changed by feeding (1.4±0.1°C) and drinking (−3.4±0.1°C), and 2h were necessary to return to the fasting value (38.2±0.1°C). In experiment 2, 8 dry goats (43.9±1.0kg of body weight) were kept in metabolic cages, fed a 50:50 diet and exposed to 2 climatic conditions following a crossover design. Conditions were thermoneutral (TN; 20 to 23°C day-night) and heat stress (HS; 12-h day at 37°C and 12-h night at 30°C). Humidity (40±5%) and photoperiod (light-dark, 12–12h) were similar. Goats were fed at maintenance level, the feed being offered once daily and water at ambient temperature was freely available. Intake, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded 3 times daily. Despite no differing in dry matter intake, rumen pH was lower in HS than in TN goats (−0.12±0.04). On the contrary, rumen temperature (0.3±0.1°C), rectal temperature (0.4±0.1°C), respiratory rate (77±5 breaths/min), and water intake (3.2±0.7 L/d) had a greater increase in HS than TN, which might indicate an altered microbial fermentation under high temperature conditions. In conclusion, wireless bolus sensors proved to be a useful tool to monitor rumen pH and temperature as affected by different feeding and climatic conditions.

Goats are considered more tolerant to heat stress compared to dairy cows because of their greater sweating rate and lower body weight:surface ratio, allowing greater heat dissipation. Dairy goats kept under heat load in climatic chamber experienced losses in feed intake by 22–35% and produced 3–10% lower milk with reduced contents of fat, protein, and lactose. Moreover, milk of heat-stressed goats had altered coagulation properties, which could have an important impact for cheese industry. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of milk cells showed that changes in milk composition were accompanied by down-regulation in the gene expression of casein, fat and lactose synthesis, and upregulation in the expression of genes related to milk cathepsins. Despite the reduction in feed intake, blood non esterified fatty acids and blood glucose did not change in heat-stressed goats. Lower insulin secretion after meals as well as muscle degradation are possible mechanisms to maintain the blood glucose levels under heat stress. Heat stress increased digestibility, which might partially compensate the reduction in feed intake. The microarray of blood cells revealed a change in the expression of genes regulating fat metabolism, which might be related to immune functions of blood cells under heat stress. In conclusion, heat stress exerts important changes in the metabolic functions, gene expression, inflammatory status, and productivity of dairy goats. Heat stress during pregnancy could permanently condition the productivity of the offspring, but this issue needs further investigation in dairy goats.

The excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers in agriculture has generated a decrease in groundwater and surface water quality in many regions of the EU, constituting a hazard for human health and the environment. Besides, on-site sewage disposal is an important source of groundwater contamination in urban and peri-urban areas. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination is an important tool to fulfil the demands of EU Directives. The purpose of this study is to assess the groundwater vulnerability to contamination related mainly to agricultural activities in a peri-urban area (Vila do Conde, NW Portugal). The hydrogeological framework is characterised mainly by fissured granitic basement and sedimentary cover. Water samples were collected and analysed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite. An evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to contamination was applied (GOD-S, Pesticide DRASTIC-Fm, SINTACS and SI) and the potential nitrate contamination risk was assessed, both on a hydrogeological GIS-based mapping. A principal component analysis was performed to characterised patterns of relationship among groundwater contamination, vulnerability, and the hydrogeological setting assessed. Levels of nitrate above legislation limits were detected in 75 % of the samples analysed. Alluvia units showed the highest nitrate concentrations and also the highest vulnerability and risk. Nitrate contamination is a serious problem affecting groundwater, particularly shallow aquifers, especially due to agriculture activities, livestock and cesspools. GIS-based cartography provided an accurate way to improve knowledge on water circulation models and global functioning of local aquifer systems. Finally, this study highlights the adequacy of an integrated approach, combining hydrogeochemical data, vulnerability assessments and multivariate analysis, to understand groundwater processes in peri-urban areas.

A total of 83 lactating dairy ewes (Manchega, n=48; Lacaune, n=35) were used in 2 consecutive experiments for assessing the ability of infrared thermography (IRT) to detect intramammary infections (IMI) by measuring udder skin temperatures (UST). In experiment 1, ewes were milked twice daily and IRT pictures of the udder were taken before and after milking at 46 and 56d in milk (DIM). Milk yield was 1.46 ± 0.04 L/d, on average. Detection of IMI was done using standard bacterial culture by udder half at 15, 34, and 64 DIM. Twenty-two ewes were classified as having IMI in at least one udder half, the others being healthy (142 healthy and 24 IMI halves, respectively). Four IMI halves had clinical mastitis. No UST differences were detected by IMI and udder side, being 32.94 ± 0.04°C on average. Nevertheless, differences in UST were detected for breed (Lacaune - Manchega=0.35 ± 0.08°C), milking process moment (after - before=0.13 ± 0.11°C), and milking schedule (p.m. - a.m.=0.79 ± 0.07°C). The UST increased linearly with ambient temperature (r=0.88). In experiment 2, the UST response to an Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin challenge (5 μg/udder half) was studied in 9 healthy Lacaune ewes milked once daily in late lactation (0.58 ± 0.03 L/d; 155 ± 26 DIM). Ewes were allocated into 3 balanced groups of 3 ewes to which treatments were applied by udder half after milking. Treatments were (1) control (C00, both udder halves untreated), (2) half udder treated (T10 and C01, one udder half infused with endotoxin and the other untreated, respectively), and (3) treated udder halves (T11, both udder halves infused with endotoxin). Body (vaginal) temperature and UST, milk yield, and milk composition changes were monitored by udder half at different time intervals (2 to 72 h). First local and systemic signs of IMI were observed at 4 and 6h postchallenge, respectively. For all treatments, UST increased after the challenge, peaking at 6h in T 0055 (which differed from that in C00, C01, and T10), and decreased thereafter without differences by treatment. Vaginal temperature and milk somatic cell count increased by 6h postchallenge, whereas lactose content decreased, in the endotoxin-infused udder halves. Effects of endotoxin on lactose and somatic cell count values were detectable in the infused udder halves until 72 h. In conclusion, despite the accuracy of the camera (± 0.15°C) and the moderate standard errors of the mean obtained for UST measures (± 0.05 to 0.24°C), we were unable to discriminate between healthy and infected (subclinically or clinically) udder halves in dairy ewes.

Current trends in the global milk market and the recent abolition of milk quotas have accelerated the trend of the European dairy industry towards larger farm sizes and higher-yielding animals. Dairy cows remain in focus, but there is a growing interest in other dairy species, whose milk is often directed to traditional and protected designation of origin and gourmet dairy products. The challenge for dairy farms in general is to achieve the best possible standards of animal health and welfare, together with high lactational performance and minimal environmental impact. For larger farms, this may need to be done with a much lower ratio of husbandry staff to animals. Recent engineering advances and the decreasing cost of electronic technologies has allowed the development of ‘sensing solutions’ that automatically collect data, such as physiological parameters, production measures and behavioural traits. Such data can potentially help the decision making process, enabling early detection of health or wellbeing problems in individual animals and hence the application of appropriate corrective husbandry practices. This review focuses on new knowledge and emerging developments in welfare biomarkers (e.g. stress and metabolic diseases), activity-based welfare assessment (e.g. oestrus and lameness detection) and sensors of temperature and pH (e.g. calving alert and rumen function) and their combination and integration into ‘smart’ husbandry support systems that will ensure optimum wellbeing for dairy animals and thereby maximise farm profitability. Use of novel sensors combined with new technologies for information handling and communication are expected to produce dramatic changes in traditional dairy farming systems.

This work is scoped to synthesize the legalization of the right to health, and offer a perspective for shaping effectiveness. Using the inductive method and based on research literature and case law, at first a brief history of the right to health will be presented as well as some of the principles relating to fundamental precept. Per second, from a normative and jurisprudential approach, the right will be presented to health in the judiciary perspective, focused on the instruments already used (court decisions), the number of demands that concern the health issue, and public policies adopted by the judiciary both in its own sphere as administratively. Finally, emphasis shall be the various issues in the legal health procedure regarding the joint responsibility of federal entities and guidelines for proper conformation of the right to health, the effect of promoting citizenship and social justice., O presente trabalho tem como escopo sintetizar a judicialização do direito à saúde, e oferecer uma perspectiva para conformação de efetividade. Utilizando-se o método indutivo e tendo por base pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, no primeiro momento será apresentado um breve histórico do direito à saúde, bem como alguns dos princípios relativos a este preceito fundamental. Por segundo, a partir de uma abordagem normativa e jurisprudencial, será apresentado o direito à saúde na perspectiva do Poder Judiciário, como foco nos instrumentos já utilizados (decisões judiciais), do número de demandas existentes que dizem respeito ao tema da saúde, e das políticas públicas adotadas pelo judiciário tanto em sua própria esfera quanto administrativamente. Por fim, enfatizar-se-á as questões diversas no processo judiciário da saúde, no tocante à responsabilidade solidária dos entes federativos e as diretrizes para uma adequada conformação do direito à saúde, ao efeito de promover a cidadania e a justiça social.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Física e Desporto, Especialização em Desenvolvimento da Criança Existem diversos fatores que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da criança, entre eles, o contexto socioeconómico e educacional. Estes fatores associados à vida sedentária das crianças, com a passagem de grande parte do seu dia sentadas, promovem o desenvolvimento da motricidade fina (MF) em detrimento da motricidade global (MG). Desde o ensino pré-escolar as crianças são colocadas em salas com dimensões reduzidas, dificultando as atividades que recorrem à motricidade global, debilitando não só a sua proficiência motora (PM), assim como a sustentabilidade de possíveis aprendizagens escolares. Neste contexto, a presente investigação foi organizada em três estudos com os seguintes objetivos: (i) - caracterizar de acordo com o género, a proficiência motora e a motricidade global e fina, de crianças do 1º ano do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), (ii) - verificar a influência do contexto socioeconómico e educacional na motricidade global e na motricidade fina, de crianças do 1º ano do 1º CEB e (iii) - comparar a proficiência motora das crianças do 1º ano do 1º CEB, de acordo com as vivências educacionais anteriores ao préescolar. A amostra dos três estudos incluiu 72 crianças (34 rapazes e 38 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e 7 anos (78,31meses ± 3,45). Os dados sobre o contexto socioeconómico e educacional da criança foram recolhidos através de um questionário e foi aplicado o Teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky-2 Forma Reduzida (TPMBO-2 FR) para avaliar a PM, a MG e a MF. Os resultados do estudo-1 revelam que a maioria das crianças apresenta uma PM média (65,3%). Embora não se tenham verificado diferenças significativas entre a MG e a MF, a MF (68,22%) revela-se superior em ambos os géneros. As raparigas mostraram-se significativamente superiores aos rapazes nas tarefas de coordenação bilateral (p=0,050). Enquanto os rapazes foram significativamente superiores nas tarefas de coordenação dos membros superiores (p=0,003). Os resultados do estudo-2 evidenciam que relativamente à MG não se verificou nenhuma variável preditiva, ainda assim observamos que 10,7% da variância da MF foi explicada pelas habilitações literárias e profissão da mãe (p=0,008). O estatuto socioeconómico da mãe mostrou-se influente no desempenho da MF. No estudo-3 os resultados mostram que relativamente aos contextos educacionais anteriores ao pré-escolar não se registaram diferenças significativas na PM. Concluindo, a maioria das crianças do 1º ano do 1º CEB apresenta uma proficiência motora média. A motricidade fina revelou-se a motricidade mais desenvolvida em ambos os géneros, sendo que o estatuto socioeconómico da mãe se mostrou uma influência positiva no seu desempenho. There are several factors that can influence the child's development, some of them are, the socio-economic and educational context. These factors associated with children's sedentary lifestyle, spending most of their day sitting, promotes the development of fine motor skills (FMS) at the expense of gross motor skills (GMS). Since preschool, children are placed in rooms with small dimensions, hampering the activities that appeal to gross motor skills, undermining not only their motor proficiency (PM) as well as the support of possible school learning’s. In this context, this research was organized in three studies with the following goals: (i) - characterize motor proficiency and gross and fine motor skills of the children in the 1st year of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education (CBE), according to gender, (ii) - determine the influence of socioeconomic and educational context on gross motor and fine motor skills, of the children in the 1st year of the 1st CBE, and (iii) - compare motor proficiency of the children in the 1st year of the 1st CBE, according to educational experiences before preschool. The sample for the three studies included 72 children (34 boys and 38 girls), aged between 5 and 7 years (78,31 months ± 3,45). The data from the child’s socio-economic and educational contexts was retrieved through a questionnaire, and was applied the Bruininks- Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2, Brief Form (BOT-2 BF) to evaluate the MP, the GMS and the FMS. The results from the study-1 revealed that the majority of the children have an average MP (65,3%). Although there wasn’t significant differences between the GMS and FMS, both genders presented higher values in FMS (68,22%). The girls were significantly better than the boys in bilateral coordination tasks (p=0,050). Meanwhile the boys were significantly superior in the upper limbs coordination (p=0,003). The results from the study-2 show that regarding to the GMS there wasn’t any predictive variable, but still we observed that 10,7% of the FMS variance was explained by the mother’s highest level of education and the mother's occupation (p=0,008). The mother’s socioeconomic status showed a positive influence in FMS performance In the study-3 the results show that regarding to educational contexts before entering preschool there were no significant differences in MP. In conclusion, most of the children of the 1st year of the 1st CBE evaluated have an average motor proficiency. The FMS was revealed as the most developed motor skill in both genders, being that the mother’s socioeconomic status showed a positive influence in its performance.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia, Apesar do sistema judicial português distinguir-se do anglo-saxónico, as investigações no âmbito da tomada de decisão judicial debruçam-se maioritariamente neste último. Com o intuito de ultrapassar esta lacuna, o presente estudo de caráter exploratório pretende analisar a fundamentação da tomada de decisão judicial, presente nos acórdãos, na determinação de penas de prisão efetiva. O estudo explorou uma amostra de 42 acórdãos relativos a 53 arguidos/as condenados/as a pena de prisão, julgados em primeira instância em 3 tribunais do norte de Portugal. Os documentos sentenciais foram alvo de uma análise de conteúdo. De modo global, os resultados revelaram que na fundamentação da tomada de decisão judicial, em penas de prisão efetiva, os factos provados do ato e do agente são ponderados maioritariamente contra o/a arguido/a e a ponderação dos factos provados relativos ao agente demonstra-se mais expressiva. Destaca-se a valoração dos antecedentes criminais e postura do agente, a subjetividade e disparidade na ponderação de alguns factos extralegais e a legitimação de preconceitos pessoais envolvidos na tomada de decisão judicial. Os resultados reportam-nos para a necessidade da formação dos magistrados em matérias das ciências humanas e sociais., Although the Portuguese judicial system is distinguished from the Anglo-Saxon, investigations in the scope of judicial decision-making are mainly concerned with the latter. With the aim of overcoming this gap, the present study has an exploratory character and intends to analyze the basis of the judicial decision-making, present in the judgments, in the determination of prison sentences. The study explored a sample of 42 judgments concerning 53 defendants sentenced to prison, judged at first instance in 3 courts in the north of Portugal. The documents were subjected to a content analysis. Overall, the results reveal that, on the grounds of the judicial decision making, in prison sentences, the proven facts of the act and the agent are mainly weighted against the defendant, and the consideration of the proven facts linked to the defendant shows itself more significant. What stands out is the valuation of the criminal records and the agent's posture, along with the subjectivity and disparity in some extralegal facts' weighting, as well as the legitimation of personal prejudice involved in the judicial decision-making. The results report the need for training judges in matters of human and social sciences.