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Unplanned extubations (UEs) can have devastating effects on neonates. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to decrease the number of UEs in Lankenau Medical Center’s 22-bed Level III NICU. The UE rate had risen to 4.6 UEs per 100 ventilator days in 2016. Transitioning to a standardized bundle for intubated infants has decreased the UE rate to less than 2 per 100 ventilator days since 2018. The UE rate continues to be monitored for ongoing accountability and further staff education when rates increase.

PURPOSE Although level 1 evidence supports 45-Gy twice-daily radiotherapy as standard for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer, most patients receive higher-dose once-daily regimens in clinical practice. Whether increasing radiotherapy dose improves outcomes remains to be prospectively demonstrated. METHODS This phase III trial, CALGB 30610/RTOG 0538 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00632853 ), was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, patients with limited-stage disease were randomly assigned to receive 45-Gy twice-daily, 70-Gy once-daily, or 61.2-Gy concomitant-boost radiotherapy, starting with either the first or second (of four total) chemotherapy cycles. In the second stage, allocation to the 61.2-Gy arm was discontinued following planned interim toxicity analysis, and the study continued with two remaining arms. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Trial accrual opened on March 15, 2008, and closed on December 1, 2019. All patients randomly assigned to 45-Gy twice-daily (n = 313) or 70-Gy once-daily radiotherapy (n = 325) are included in this analysis. After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, OS was not improved on the once-daily arm (hazard ratio for death, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.17; P = .594). Median survival is 28.5 months for twice-daily treatment, and 30.1 months for once-daily treatment, with 5-year OS of 29% and 32%, respectively. Treatment was tolerable, and the frequency of severe adverse events, including esophageal and pulmonary toxicity, was similar on both arms. CONCLUSION Although 45-Gy twice-daily radiotherapy remains the standard of care, this study provides the most robust information available to help guide the choice of thoracic radiotherapy regimen for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

The conserved complement group protein DEC-7/SUSD2 acts at the apical cell-cell junction of C. elegans intestinal epithelia to mediate gap junction protein organization and function to facilitate a Ca2+ wave-regulated ultradian behavior.

Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate preferentially in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is one of the leading factors that promote tumor progression. Neutrophils and monocytes are a major part of the BM tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of their contribution to multiple myeloma progression remains unclear. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which S100A8/S100A9 proteins produced by BM neutrophils and monocytes promote the expansion of megakaryocytes supporting multiple myeloma progression. S100A8/S100A9 alone was not sufficient to drive megakaryopoiesis but markedly enhanced the effect of thrombopoietin, an effect that was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Targeting S100A9 with tasquinimod as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors has potent antimyeloma effect that is at least partly independent of the adaptive immune system. This newly identified axis of signaling involving myeloid cells and megakaryocytes may provide a new avenue for therapeutic targeting in multiple myeloma.Significance:We identified a novel mechanism by which myeloid cells promote myeloma progression independently of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we discovered a novel role of S100A8/S100A9, the most abundant proteins produced by neutrophils and monocytes, in regulation of myeloma progression via promotion of the megakaryocyte expansion and angiogenesis. Tasquinimod, an inhibitor of S100A9, has potent antimyeloma effects as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity that cause impairments to daily living. An area of long-standing concern is understanding links between environmental toxicants, including pesticides, and the development or worsening of ADHD.The present study evaluated associations between occupational pesticide exposure, specifically organophosphate (OP) pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and the pyrethroids (PYR) alpha-cypermethrin (αCM) and lambda-cyhalothrin (λCH), and symptoms of ADHD in a longitudinal study among Egyptian adolescent males.Participants (N = 226, mean age = 17) were Egyptian adolescent males who either applied pesticides or were non-applicators. Urinary trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) was measured as a specific metabolite biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was measured as a general metabolite biomarker of exposure to pyrethroids, while urinary cis-3-(2,2- dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA) was measured as a specific biomarker of exposure to αCM and lambda cyhalothric acid (λCH acid) measured as a specific biomarker of exposure to λCH. Ordinal logistic regression models controlling for age were used to determine the likelihood of ADHD development (measured via parent-reported ADHD symptoms) as the level of biomarkers of pesticide exposure increased.Cis-DCCA was the only biomarker associated with higher likelihood ADHD symptoms (0.60 vs. 0-0.17μg/g creatinine; OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.29-6.14). All participants reported clinical levels of ADHD symptoms when compared to national norms used in the United States. TCPy, trans-DCCA and LC acid were not associated with risk of ADHD symptoms after controlling for levels of cis-DCCA. No other metabolites were associated with the number of ADHD symptoms. There were no interaction effects found for exposure to both OPs and Pyrethroids.The results suggest that exposure to the pyrethroid αCM is associated with more ADHD symptoms. Methodological and cultural considerations in need of further study are discussed.

Table 1. Incidence of BRCA 1 and 2 mutations by Race and Ethnicity BRCA1 BRCA2 BRCA1 or 2 VUS/Negative Native American 0 1 1 6 Asian 2 3 5 150 Black/African American 3 2 5 48 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0 0 0 5 Other 1 1 1* 26 White 25 17 42 688 Unknown 0 0 0 20 Declined 1 0 1 24 TOTAL 32 24 55 967 * Patient had both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations Citation Format: Joanne Mortimer, Sidney S. Lindsey, Ilana Solomon, Wai Park, Duveen Sturgeon, Kathleen Blazer, Stacy Gray, Joseph Bonner, Xiaoyu Xia, Stephen Gruber. Prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in an underrepresented population of women with breast cancer: Observations from the City of Hope INSPIRE study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-03.

Background: YTV was one of Canada’s most popular television networks during the 1990s. Despite its many contributions to a vibrant and influential children’s television industry during that period, research on the network is scarce. Analysis: This article analyzes the relationship between YTV, Canada’s first dedicated children’s network, and Nickelodeon, the popular U.S. children’s brand. It also examines how YTV was discursively and practically organized in relation to Nickelodeon in its nascent years. As well, it considers how YTV built on Nickelodeon’s production of its audience as “consumer citizens.” Conclusions and implications: This once dynamic relationship has come to favour the U.S. industries through the Canadian entertainment conglomerate Corus Entertainment’s transnational-vertical business operations.

Iphigenia brasiliensis is a bivalve mollusk exploited as a shellfish and subsistence resource on the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast regions. Genetic (allozyme electrophoresis revealed eight gene loci) and morphological variations (multivariate morphometry of valves used 13 linear measurements of traditional and 19 Fourier coefficients of geometric morphometry) were studied, considering the geographic (445 km of the southwest tropical Atlantic), environmental (mangroves and channels of communication with the sea of three estuaries in the state of Rio de Janeiro), and temporal dimensions (over two years). I. brasiliensis showed high levels of genetic variation (the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.8 to 3.4, and the average heterozygosity ranged from 0.441 to 0.675). Bayesian analysis of population partitioning showed that the highest LnP(D) value was achieved for K = 3. These results indicated mixed ancestry, possibly oscillations in the dispersion dynamics among the different sampling groups, and temporal oscillations in the population sizes due to the anthropogenic influence on the studied estuaries. The results of morphological variation, inferred by the PERMANOVA from the Fourier analysis, indicated that a similar influence might occur in valves (also, the discriminant analysis showed that different groups could be consistently identified). In this sense, the studied populations may be organized in a dynamic of metapopulations. Finally, these are the first data on morphological and genetic variation of the species in the latitudinal, environmental, and temporal dimensions studied simultaneously, thus providing relevant information for the exploration, management, and conservation of this commercially important species.

INTRODUCTION: Patients often discuss information obtained from Internet sources during clinic visits, which can be of variable quality and depth. We sought to review and assess information on the Internet regarding common operations within endocrine surgery. METHODS: Using Google’s search engine, the top 100 websites from the search phrase “parathyroid surgery,” and the top 100 websites from the phrase “thyroid surgery” were identified. Each website was evaluated for accessibility, accuracy, and completeness of information about gland hormone function, associated disease processes, and surgery itself. Results were stratified based on the website type, and bivariate analysis was performed to determine accuracy by category. Presence of author credentials, last webpage update, and presence of advertisements were also assessed. Inter-rater reliability was calculated for each variable. RESULTS: For parathyroid surgery, at least two-thirds of all websites included information about surgery, hormone function, and disease processes. For thyroid surgery, 71% of websites included procedure information, but only 52% included information about hormone function and 56% about disease processes. Less than 30% of all websites included advertisements and less than 25% listed author credentials or provided references. Academic or research-affiliated sources were most likely to have zero inaccuracies, but 44% of all websites had at least one potential inaccuracy. Inter-rater reliability achieved at least moderate agreement (>0.41) for 56% of variables. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide array of information available to patients online, and accuracy varies based on multiple factors including the type of website. Endocrine surgeons and related practitioners must be cognizant of this fact when discussing treatment plans with patients.

Objective To comment upon the potential for alignment of medical student assessment and vocational specialist training through the RANZCP-CanMEDS model of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and Workplace-Based Assessments (WBAs). We discuss a specific post hoc example of such an alignment in an Australian graduate medical school in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. Conclusions Vocational training models of assessment, such as the RANZCP specialist training program for psychiatrists, can potentially be mapped to medical student education in formative and summative assessment through CanMEDs-based EPAs and WBAs, to assist in transition to specialist training.

The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown substantially over the past 40 years within organizational research and beyond. There have been many different developments in SEM that make it increasingly useful for a variety of data types, research designs, research questions, and research contexts in the organizational sciences. To give researchers a better understanding of how and why SEM is used, our article ( a) presents a review of SEM applications within organizational research; ( b) discusses SEM best practices; and ( c) explores advanced SEM applications, including instrumental variable methods, latent variable interactions and nonlinear measurement models, multilevel SEM, cross-lagged panel models and dynamic structural equation models, and meta-analytic SEM. We conclude by discussing concerns and debates that are both methodological (i.e., cross-validation and regularization) and theoretical (i.e., understanding causal evidence) as they relate to SEM and its application in organizational research and beyond.

Background and Objectives: Despite the significant effects of homelessness on health, medical and health professions students rarely receive formal education in caring for individuals experiencing homelessness. We describe the implementation and evaluation of a novel student-run Patient Navigator Program (PNP) and its prerequisite elective that trains students in patient navigation principles specific to homelessness in the local community. Methods: We analyzed pre- and postsurvey matched responses from students immediately before and after course completion. The survey utilizes the externally-validated instruments Health Professional Attitudes Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI) and the Student-Run Free Clinic Project (SRFCP) survey. We examined differences using paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Students also completed separate end-of-curriculum evaluation forms assessing satisfaction with the course. Results: After completing the elective, students (n=45) demonstrated improvement in self-assessed attitude towards individuals experiencing homelessness (P=.03), specifically an increase in reported social advocacy (P

This paper presents a novel algorithm, called Visual Fire Power, for measuring the heat release rate of a turbulent flame using video footage taken from two cameras, located at an approximate right angle to each other and at a known distance from the fire. By measuring the time-averaged volume of the fire, Visual Fire Power can measure heat release rate in situations where traditional calorimetry may be impractical (such as experiments outdoors), as well as uniquely providing a method for comparing the heat release rates of different flames in the same experiment, e.g. externally venting flames from different windows of the same compartment. The algorithm was benchmarked against synthetic data and calculated the volume of common solids with approximately 30% uncertainty. The relationship between volume and heat release rate was then calibrated from videos of burners at known heat release rates. These experiments were used to calculate the Orloff-DeRis constant $$\gamma$$ γ , which linearly relates flame volume and heat release rate. The value for $$\gamma$$ γ was found to be $$1505\pm 183$$ 1505 ± 183 kW/m3. The algorithm was demonstrated on recordings of a standard Polish facade fire test. Improving the range of data measured in both fire testing and fire experiments could help to increase our knowledge of fire dynamics and provide better data for researchers and engineers in the future.

An Xq22.2 region upstream of PLP1 has been proposed to underly a neurological disease trait when deleted in 46,XX females. Deletion mapping revealed that heterozygous deletions encompassing the smallest region of overlap (SRO) spanning six Xq22.2 genes (BEX3, RAB40A, TCEAL4, TCEAL3, TCEAL1, and MORF4L2) associate with an early-onset neurological disease trait (EONDT) consisting of hypotonia, intellectual disability, neurobehavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facial features. None of the genes within the SRO have been associated with monogenic disease in OMIM. Through local and international collaborations facilitated by GeneMatcher and Matchmaker Exchange, we have identified and herein report seven de novo variants involving TCEAL1 in seven unrelated families: three hemizygous truncating alleles; one hemizygous missense allele; one heterozygous TCEAL1 full gene deletion; one heterozygous contiguous deletion of TCEAL1, TCEAL3, and TCEAL4; and one heterozygous frameshift variant allele. Variants were identified through exome or genome sequencing with trio analysis or through chromosomal microarray. Comparison with previously reported Xq22 deletions encompassing TCEAL1 identified a more-defined syndrome consisting of hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay/intellectual disability especially affecting expressive language, autistic-like behavior, and mildly dysmorphic facial features. Additional features include strabismus, refractive errors, variable nystagmus, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, dysmotility, recurrent infections, seizures, and structural brain anomalies. An additional maternally inherited hemizygous missense allele of uncertain significance was identified in a male with hypertonia and spasticity without syndromic features. These data provide evidence that TCEAL1 loss of function causes a neurological rare disease trait involving significant neurological impairment with features overlapping the EONDT phenotype in females with the Xq22 deletion.

Background: Whereas the periodontal microbiota is well described, its non-bacterial component needs a better understanding. Metagenomic analyses show a strong increase of the protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis in inflamed periodontal pockets. Its presence is associated with periodontal deterioration and pockets typically 3mm or more in depth. The aim of this study is to observe the amoeba within the biofilm during active disease. Materials and Methods: Here, we present results of a phase contrast microscopy-based observation of amoebae in periodontal patients’ subgingival plaque from infected sulcus. Plaque samples from deepest part of sulcus are picked up and spread out between blade and coverslip in patient saliva medium. We relate significant behavior of the parasite during active periodontal disease. Results: From low power observation, parasite is quite frequent. Once targeted, high power observation confirms amoeban anatomy and presence. We observed a high degree of amoeba locomotion and movements toward specific environments within the subgingival plaque. This was accompanied by the formation of “channels” within the biofilm. We also present evidence of adhesion to human cells as well as characteristically parasitic behavior. Specifically, we observed the intrusion of amoeba pseudopods into leukocytes coupled with a decrease in leukocyte intracellular granular activity. We documented both single trogocytic processes and trogocytosis through multiple pseudopods. In addition to leukocytes, we also observed trogocytosis of red blood cells. Parasitic behavior was also evident from the observation of amoebae digesting the nuclei of multiple vacuolar white blood cells, simultaneously. Following trogocytosis, polynuclear neutrophils had the appearance of ghost cells. Finally, we show evidence for amoeba nesting and reproduction within periodontal pockets. Conclusion: Phase contrast microscopy of periodontal biofilms strongly suggests that E. gingivalis escapes the first lines of innate defenses and promotes a pathological state. Trogocytosis and exonucleophagy processes targeting neutrophils could consequently disrupt neutrophil extracellular traps activity and normal apoptotic function, a vital component of wound healing. This study points to Entamoeba gingivalis as a microbe involved in the inflammatory process during periodontitis and as a driver of the disease rather than a harmless commensal species.

Small vertebrates on islands are expected to attain a larger body size, and a greater survival than their mainland counterparts. Comparative studies have questioned whether lizards exhibit this set of adaptations, referred to as the 'island syndrome'. We collected data on 730 individuals the endemic Lilford's lizard Podarcis lilfordi throughout a 10-year period on a small island of the Balearic archipelago (Spain). We coupled a growth function with a capture-mark-recapture model to simultaneously estimate size- and sex-dependent growth rate and survival. To put our results into a wider context, we conducted a systematic review of growth, life span and age at maturity in different Podarcis species comparing insular and mainland populations. We found a low average growth coefficient (0.56 and 0.41 year

At initial (basic) training recruits from all services and most nations are subject to an intense environment where they are physically and mentally challenged throughout their waking day. Their civilian experiences and identity are systematically remodeled to fit the requirements of the nation’s services. Most recruits are able to cope with this extreme environment, albeit with some impact on their mental wellbeing, whereas those unable to cope either physically or emotionally are discharged from the Military through medical or administrative procedures. The recruit training environment is characterized by being totally controlled by another person (instructor) where they must succeed (perform) and conform to the service requirements or suffer formal and informal punishments. It is contended that this form of totally controlled environment impacts on the recruit’s mental wellbeing. Its effects either manifest immediately at a significant level, necessitating discharge, or occur at a lower level enabling service personnel to remain effective whilst staying in the Military; in some cases, not manifesting until they face the rigours of operational service. Operational service, be it war-like or peacekeeping, is an extremely stressful environment that can trigger latent mental health challenges or create new challenges, including but not limited to, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Negative mental health resulting from Military service can led to self-isolation and marital discord resulting in some instances to homelessness or at worst suicide. It is incumbent on the Military to investigate the manner in which recruit training is conducted, and to determine if changes could reduce the predisposition to negative mental health consequences, both from recruit training and subsequent military service.

The Center of Medicare and Medicaid Services valued based payments for inpatient surgical hospitalizations are adjusted for clinical but not social risk factors. While research has shown that social risk is associated with worse surgical patient outcomes, it is unknown if inpatient surgical episode Medicare payments are affected by social risk factors.Retrospective review of Medicare beneficiaries, age 65-99, undergoing appendectomy, colectomy, hernia repair, or cholecystectomy between 2014 and 2018. Neighborhood deprivation measured by Area Deprivation Index for beneficiary census tract. We evaluated Medicare payments for a total episode of surgical care comprised of index hospitalization, physician fees, post-acute care, and readmission by beneficiary neighborhood deprivation.A total of 809,059 patients (Women, 56.0%) and mean (SD) age of 75.7 (7.4 years were included. A total of 145,351 beneficiaries lived in the least deprived neighborhoods and 134,188 who lived in the most deprived neighborhoods. Total surgical episode spending was $2654 higher among beneficiaries from the most deprived neighborhoods compared to those from the least after risk adjustment for clinical and hospital factors. These differences were driven in part by higher rates of readmissions (12.9% vs 10.8%, P 0.001) and post-acute care (67.8% vs. 61.2%, P 0.001) among beneficiaries living in the most deprived neighborhoods.These findings suggest that value-based payment models with inclusion of social risk adjustment may be needed for surgical cohorts. Moreover, efforts focused on investing in deprived communities may be aligned with surgical quality improvement.

Despite the vast number of studies exploring the determinants of entrepreneurship, few have been able to distinguish the relative importance of these factors. Traditional regression-based approaches, upon which such studies are based, are unable to fully capture heterogeneous and complex non-linear patterns in the determinants of entrepreneurship. To address these limitations, we adopt a novel approach, using machine learning to study heterogeneity and dominance in the social-cognitive determinants of early-stage entrepreneurship. We apply decision tree algorithms to a large-scale dataset from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Our results reveal that the dominant determinants, irrespective of entrepreneurial pathway, are individual entrepreneurial self-efficacy and networks, with factors such as cultural perceptions being relatively unimportant, despite substantial attention in the literature. The results also show considerable heterogeneity in the factors contributing to entrepreneurship, highlighting the need for academics and policy makers to consider the likelihood that there is no single set of motivating factors.

The noninvasive measurement of biological tissue elasticity is an evolving technology that enables the robust characterization of soft tissue mechanics for a wide array of biomedical engineering and clinical applications. We propose, design, and implement here a new MRI technique termed asynchronous magnetic resonance elastography (aMRE) that pushes the measurement technology toward a driverless implementation. This technique can be added to clinical MRI scanners without any additional specialized hardware.Asynchronous MRE is founded on the theory of diffuse wavefields and noise correlation previously developed in ultrasound to reconstruct shear wave speeds using seemingly incoherent wavefields. Unlike conventional elastography methods that solve an inverse problem, aMRE directly reconstructs a pixel-wise mapping of wave speed using the spatial-temporal statistics of the measured wavefield.Incoherent finger tapping served as the wave-generating source for all aMRE measurements. Asynchronous MRE was performed on a phantom using a Siemens Prismafit as an experimental validation of the theory. It was further performed on thigh muscles as a proof-of-concept implementation of in vivo imaging using a Siemens Skyra scanner.Numerical and phantom experiments show an accurate reconstruction of wave speeds from seemingly noisy wavefields. The proof-of-concept thigh experiments also show that the aMRE protocol can reconstruct a pixel-wise mapping of wave speeds.Asynchronous MRE is shown to accurately reconstruct shear wave speeds in phantom experiments and remains at the proof-of-concept stage for in vivo imaging. After further validation and improvements, it has the potential to lower both the technical and monetary barriers of entry to measuring tissue elasticity.

Not all populations are poised to benefit from advancing genomics in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), as genomics have focused on White patients. This study aimed to evaluate racial populations represented in genomic studies of GEP-NENs and to provide evidence of differential genomic findings between racial groups in GEP-NENs. Manuscripts analyzing DNA, RNA, or DNA methylation in GEP-NENs were queried using PUBMED and EMBASE. NIH race/ethnicity term frequency was then determined by Natural Language Processing, followed by manual evaluation of tumor types and subjects by racial group. IHC of institutional tissue micro-arrays and analysis of AACR GENIE data analyzed was performed to determine mutational differences between Black and White pancreatic NEN (pNEN) patients. 313 manuscripts conducted the requisite genomic analyses, 16 of which included subject race data. Race data were included in 13/184 DNA, 4/107 RNA, and 1/54 DNA Methylation analyses. These studies included 89% White subjects (n = 2032), 5.8% Asian subjects (n = 132), 4.0% “Other” subjects (n = 93), and 1.2% Black subjects (n = 27). No Native American/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or ethnically Hispanic/Latinx subjects were represented. There were significant differences in MEN1 mutations among Black and White patients in immunohistochemical (13:40) and GENIE data (24:268 patients per group, respectively), with 9 additional genes differentially mutated in the GENIE dataset. Genomic sequencing data for GEP-NENs is almost racially homogenous. Differences in pNEN genomics may exist between racial groups, highlighting a need for diversity in future genomic analyses of GEP-NENs to understand the putative influence of interracial genomic variation on GEP-NEN prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Significance: There is little diversity in genomic studies of GEP-NENs, which may exhibit clinically impactful variation in their tumor biology among racial groups. Improved diversity in such studies is imperative for understanding this variation and its potential impacts on disease prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and clinical outcomes.

The ability to notice and eliminate organizational inequities begins with privilege awareness: an understanding of how individuals and social groups experience exemption from discrimination as well as access to unearned advantages, such as disproportionate access to resources. Thus, privilege awareness is necessary for noticing, naming, and repairing inequities in our workgroups, organizations, and institutions. Engaging with privilege discourse in the classroom can be a monumental task for both management educators and learners without the requisite level of privilege awareness. We introduce an innovative exercise to develop and assess students’ understanding of privilege. The purpose of this exercise is to help learners identify and reflect on privilege in their personal and organizational lives, and build a shared vocabulary for doing so. Learners begin by mapping and reflecting on their various social identity group memberships, then answer a set of reflection questions. We provide an overview of this exercise including learning outcomes, general implementation guidelines, assessment criteria, and activity modifications. We also analyze the activity’s effectiveness based on responses from 83 students. We conclude with a discussion of how facilitators can respond to participant feedback as a resource for self-reflexivity and intersectional awareness.

lovo-cel (bb1111; LentiGlobin for sickle cell disease [SCD]) gene therapy (GT) comprises autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with the BB305 lentiviral vector encoding a modified β-globin gene (β