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La lengua pa ipai, de la familia cochimí-yumana, se encuentra en grave peligro de desaparecer. Esfuerzos recientes para la revitalización de esta lengua incluyen la documentación de narraciones y recetas con mujeres nativohablantes que tienen un gran sentido de urgencia por mejorar la situación de su lengua. Los trabajos de documentación disponibles se concentran en la década de los años 1970, mientras que los trabajos de descripción han sido de carácter general en su mayoría. Los textos aquí presentados son resultado de dos esfuerzos de trabajo de campo en distintas etapas, pero subsecuentes, representando un vistazo a la lengua entre los años 2016 y 2020. Por un lado, se presenta un texto tradicional y un ejercicio de elicitación, y por otro, dos textos de elaboración de distintos alimentos cuyo procedimiento involucra la bellota, una semilla tradicional regional.

Las metástasis tumor a tumor (MTT) corresponden a un evento poco frecuente en el cual se presenta metástasis de un tumor primario a otro tumor primario, bien sea benigno o maligno. El carcinoma de pulmón es un receptor poco habitual, pero uno de los donantes más frecuentes. En el presente articulo presentamos tres casos de MTT como órgano receptor el pulmón: el primero, de una mujer con antecedente de carcinoma papilar de tiroides y carcinoma ductal in situ de la mama, con presencia de MTT y carcinoma papilar de tiroides a un adenocarcinoma primario pulmonar. El segundo caso, es una mujer con MTT de carcinoma ductal de mama a un adenocarcinoma primario pulmonar. Y el tercero, de un MTT de un carcinoma ductal de mama a un hamartoma pulmonar. En los tres casos, fue fundamental la correlación clínico-patológica y los estudios complementarios de inmunohistoquímica.

Machalilla National Park, on the coast of mainland Ecuador, supports a growing whalewatching industry that focuses on Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, which spend the austral winter (June-September) in this area. This study was designed to measure short-term reactions of whales to the whalewatching vessel activity typically seen in this area for two reasons: (1) to identify the nature of whales’ avoidance response, if any, in order to draft whalewatching guidelines that help local mariners identify when they may be disturbing whales; and (2) to quantify the magnitude of any avoidance response, to examine how this relatively understudied population behaves around boats compared with whales in other whalewatching areas. A shore-based theodolite tracking team created a ‘natural’ experiment to observe relationships between whalewatching traffic and whale behaviour in 1998 and 1999. Swim speed and path directness of humpback whales were measured in the absence of boats, and how those parameters changed when boats arrived was recorded. When whales entered the study area accompanied by boats, a record was made of how their behaviour changed after the boats left. Humpback whales reacted to the approach of whalewatching boats by increasing swim speed significantly, and adopted a much more direct path after boats left. Future research is needed to determine whether responses vary with number, proximity or type of vessel. Similarly, future studies are recommended to determine whether different age-sex classes vary in vulnerability to disturbance. Meanwhile, this study enables provision of much-needed, practical advice to local operators who are concerned that they may be disturbing whales: one way that mariners can tell if they are causing disturbance is if they need to increase their vessel’s speed to keep pace. The average behavioural responses measured were strong enough to recommend that Machalilla National Park adopt precautionary management procedures to limit number and proximity of vessels.

Between June and September of each year, southeastern Pacific humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, arrive on the Ecuadorian coast to reproduce. Between July 2001 and September 2002, seven new strandings of humpback whales were found at different places along the Ecuadorian coast. Three of them were related to incidental catches caused by fishing nets (gillnets) and one of them occurred outside of the humpback whales’ reproductive season. Using non-proportional and proportional 95% confidence interval calculations, it is estimated that the average frequency of strandings of humpback whales is 1.55 individuals per year (95% CI: 0.27,2.83; range: 1-4) since 1994, principally in the central and southern parts of the Ecuadorian coast, and the proportion of strandings due to bycatch is estimated at 0.286 (95% CI: 0.105,0.533). A preliminary mortality rate of 0.035(95% CI: 0.019,0.055), including both unknown and anthropogenic causes is estimated for this stock. 50% of the strandings took place in August and most were registered in 2001 (n=4). Six humpback whales with fishing nets embedded in their pectoral fins and tails were also observed in the marine area of the Machalilla National Park and the island of La Plata July-September. 67% of these entanglements occurred in July, and in one case a mother, accompanied by her calf, was observed with cables and a net on her head. These incidental catches are possibly related to the strandings occurring at the same time along the Ecuadorian shoreline. The fishery device most frequently linked to bycatch is the surface gillnet. Technological changes in fishing gear are vital for the conservation of marine mammals. It is imperative that the Ecuadorian coast be divided into zones and certain areas be delimited for the conservation of humpback whales through agreements with local users of the marine areas.

We aim to analyze the socioeconomic impact of the whale-watching industry in one of the poorest areas in Ecuador. Puerto López, in Manabí, went from being a fishing village to leading the whale-watching industry in Ecuador. Thanks to the tourist attraction of humpback whales, the number of tourists in the area has increased by 15,000% since 1980, concentrated mainly around the whale season months of June to September. As a result, tourism services and employment opportunities also increased, bringing development and a better lifestyle to the region. The industry has become so important to the region that its value was estimated at USD 4.5 million in 2019. However, we consider this to be a conservative estimate and suggest that the real value may be even greater. Whale-watching benefits are not only economic: whales have brought a sense of identity to the region, which has worked to promote whale conservation laws at the national level. In recent years, the emergence of illegal whale-watching tour operators has become a threat to the industry, the region's economy, and the protection of the species, necessitating immediate action by the authorities.

The representation of power by the different social classes in the cities of Castile at the final years of the XVth century has been one of the main lines of action of the high nobility and, to reach such goal, the artistic manifestations were a fundamental tool for its display and exhibition. We present a new proposal concerning to the initial location of the famous painting Retrato del cardenal Mendoza rodeado de obispos, that would reinforce the message of authority and magnificence of the prelate, attaching its commission to the public environment where he decided to place its household, one of his greatest interventions in Guadalajara, the most important urban enclave of the Mendoza family. La representación del poder por los distintos estamentos sociales en las ciudades de la Castilla de finales del siglo XV ha sido uno de los ejes de actuación capital de la alta nobleza y, para tal fin, las manifestaciones artísticas constituyeron una herramienta fundamental para su visualización y exhibición. Planteamos una nueva propuesta acerca de la ubicación inicial de la célebre tabla Retrato del cardenal Mendoza rodeado de obispos, que vendría a reforzar el mensaje de autoridad y magnificencia del prelado, ligando su encargo al entorno público en el que decidió emplazar sus casas principales, una de sus grandes intervenciones en Guadalajara, enclave urbano mendocino por excelencia.

The use of vests for handling medication (prescription, preparation, and dispensing) in the emergency department is a strategy designed to increase patient safety by reducing interruptions and, consequently, medication errors. In this study, we aim to assess how professionals perceive the use of vests in a pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric emergency physicians and nurses in October and November 2019. We analyzed the results of a 19-item survey on the perception of vests as a tool for reducing interruptions and medication errors.In this study, 91 surveys were delivered and 89 (97.8%) were completed. One hundred percent of the professionals were aware of the vests. Nurses reported the following reasons for not using the vest: high workload (25%) and preparation of nebulized and oral medications (25%). One hundred percent of doctors asked for the vest because of forgetfulness. Thirty-five physicians (81.4%) and 17 nurses (85.0%) said that wearing the vest, they were rarely or never interrupted. Eighty-two respondents (93.2%) agreed that vests are an effective strategy for minimizing medication errors.Although medical professionals consider vests to be a useful strategy to prevent interruptions and reduce medication errors, adherence to the protocol is low, so a promotion strategy is needed to encourage professionals to use the vests.

Outcomes of kidney transplant (KT) after controlled cardiac death with older donors are under review. We aimed to analyze early and midterm clinical outcomes using older (≥70 years) controlled cardiac death donors (cDCD).Retrospective observational single-center study including all KTs from donors ≥70 years from cDCD and donors after brain death (DBD) performed from January 2017 to January 2022. We performed a comparative study between the 2 groups (cDCD and DBD). An analysis of clinical characteristics, early clinical outcomes, and patient and graft survival rates was made.We included 25 cDCD KTs and 63 DBD KTs ≥70 years. The median follow-up was 18.7 months. Recipients from cDCD were more comorbid. Donors from DBD showed higher hypertension and stroke rate. The KTs from older cDCD showed similar delayed graft function rate (cDCD: 34.6% vs DBD extended criteria donor: 35.3%, P = .59) and primary nonfunction (cDCD 16% vs DBD 17.4%, P = .85) compared with older DBD. Medium (3 years) graft death-censored survival was satisfying (cDCD 73% vs DBD 72%) despite a relevant early graft failure rate in both groups (cDCD 16% vs DBD 23%, P = .26). No differences were observed in patient survival at year 1 (cDCD 94% vs DBD 93%, P = .62).In our series, the outcomes with older cDCD are similar compared with older DBD. Although older donors showed an increase of early graft failure, these kidneys allowed us to maximize the opportunities for candidates that otherwise should remain on dialysis.

Aim: Implementation of a web-form based pharmacovigilance plan for the spontaneous notification of adverse events to the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine during its administration to hospital healthcare professionals. Methods: An electronic pharmacovigilance form was developed containing 8 pre-defined event options, an open answer option for the description of other events and/or symptoms, and a question about the overall intensity of symptoms. The adverse events reports were standardized according to physiological and pathological condition. Results: A total of 4119 adverse events notifications were obtained with a 45% rate of electronic notification. The most clinically relevant events reported were:tachycardia (n = 19), dyspnea (n = 7), chest pain (n = 6), facial/labial edema (n = 6), lipothymia (n = 5), bronchospasm (n = 2), herpetic infection (n = 2), vasculitis (n = 2), arrhythmia (n = 1), difficult to control arterial hypertension (n = 1), gastritis (n = 1), and spontaneous abortion (n = 1). Regarding the intensity of symptoms (n = 2928), 70.0% were reported as mild, 25.8% as moderate, and 4.27% as severe, with higher intensity in the second dose compared to first dose. The highest frequency of severe events were reported in the groups from 40 to 59 years in both vaccination periods. During the vaccination process, no hospitalizations and no deaths were notified and/or recorded. Conclusion: In this real world study, comparing with Comirnaty clinical trials program, it was observed a higher frequency of adenomegaly and gastrointestinal disorders. Noteworthy, the notification of a case of miscarriage. The use of hospital pharmacy pharmacovigilance electronic forms, seemed to be relevant to notification adherence and to obtain a greater and faster knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine safety profile

Laboratory investigations using balloon tests were performed on normally consolidated kaolin samples to investigate their behaviour during and after the balloon expansion. The tests were carried out to simulate a soft soil improvement technique called CPR grouting (acronym for deep radial consolidation). The results allowed estimations of the parameters used in the design method, such as the consolidation potential, and evaluating the generation of pore pressures, injection pressures, post improvement deformation and optimised expanded volume. It was observed that the consolidation potential was extremely dependent on the substitution ratio. The tests satisfactorily reproduced the behaviour of the technique and represent a new device for geotechnical engineers, especially for those concerned with the improvement of soft soils.

Violencia y Estado desde una visión política

This article analyzes the challenges faced for the application of educational strategies for physicians in the Programa Mais Médicos of Brasil (“More Physicians”) and the contributions of these professionals to the work processes of Family Health teams with a focus on achieving comprehensiveness of health care and the expansion of health care. access to hard-to-reach regions. It is a documentary analysis of a descriptive nature, which includes from laws and regulations, norms, opinions, letters, memo, personal diaries, autobiographies, newspapers, magazines, speeches, radio and television program scripts to books, statistics and files schoolchildren. The results indicate that there is a need for dynamic flexibility in educational actions, focusing on the needs of the population and regions that host the program to reduce care inequities and favor the strengthening of bonds between staff and users in order to provide comprehensive care . Among the challenges, we can highlight the program's contribution to the reduction of practices segmented by professional categories, subordinated to the (bio)medical figure and knowledge, with limited interprofessional and team-community interaction in the construction of common care and interconstitutive knowledge. However, it could be concluded that the contribution of the doctors of the “Mais Médicos” Program in Brazil, in addition to reducing inequities and expanding access to healthcare for the population, also contributes to the deconstruction of the hegemonic medical model, taking into account the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge for the success of comprehensive health care. In addition, it reiterates the importance of dynamic actions focusing on local and territorial reality for educational strategies, as territories have peculiar characteristics, developing the critical-reflective process of professionals and capable of solving demands in different regions.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition associated with an oral microbiome dysbiosis that results in gingival inflammation and clinical attachment loss. Periodontal therapies are based on scaling and root planing to disturb the bacterial biofilm mechanically and remove calculus and contaminated cementum. Research does not support the use of root modifiers for decontamination and biomodification of periodontally affected root surfaces. Standardized clinical trials in large populations, assessing biological and patient-reported outcome measures, are necessary to evaluate candidate biomaterials for decontamination and biomodification of periodontally affected root surfaces.

A novel complex comprising an ion pair of arginine–arginine carbamate is reported herein, which is isolated from an aqueous l-arginine solution after reacting with CO2. Its structure was unambiguou...

Tumor organoids are defined as self-organized three-dimensional assemblies of heterogeneous cell types derived from patient samples that mimic the key histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumor. This technology is proposed as an ideal candidate for the evaluation of possible therapies against cancer, presenting advantages over other models which are currently used. However, there are no reports in the literature that relate the techniques and material development of tumor organoids or that emphasize in the physicochemical and biological properties of materials that intent to biomimicry the tumor extracellular matrix. There is also little information regarding the tools to identify the correspondence of native tumors and tumoral organoids (tumoroids). Moreover, this paper relates the advantages of organoids compared to other models for drug evaluation. A growing interest in tumoral organoids has arisen from 2009 to the present, aimed at standardizing the process of obtaining organoids, which more accurately resemble patient-derived tumor tissue. Likewise, it was found that the characteristics to consider for the development of organoids, and therapeutic responses of them, are cell morphology, physiology, the interaction between cells, the composition of the cellular matrix, and the genetic, phenotypic, and epigenetic characteristics. Currently, organoids have been used for the evaluation of drugs for brain, lung, and colon tumors, among others. In the future, tumor organoids will become closer to being considered a better model for studying cancer in clinical practice, as they can accurately mimic the characteristics of tumors, in turn ensuring that the therapeutic response aligns with the clinical response of patients.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer amongst men, and one of its treatments in the localized stage is radical prostatectomy (RP). This technique achieves a high success rate regarding oncological results, but one of its main drawbacks are sexual disorders, especially erectile dysfunction, ranging from 14-90% of the cases. Therefore, surgery advancements in the last decade have been focused on minimizing the impact on patient’s functioning. Now is time for a step forward in the recovery of functional outcomes after RP. Bioengineering solutions such as stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering hold great opportunities for the treatment of all tissues and organs dysfunctions, which may help in neuroprotection and neuro-regeneration. Specifically, the use of Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) allografts and chitosan membranes (ChiMe) aims at reconstructing damaged neurovascular plexuses of the urogenital system to support erectile function recovery. Some research is being done on this topic, and promising results are emerging.

This research evaluated the chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum and Syzygium aromaticum and to characterize their complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using physical mixing, kneading, and co-precipitation methods. Gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer showed that methyl-chavicol and eugenol were, respectively, the major compounds from O. basilicum and S. aromaticum. By the use different vibrational spectroscopic methods (ATR-FTIR and FT-Raman) and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), it was possible to strongly suggest the formation of EO-β-CD complex. The antioxidant activity was evident in S. aromaticum EO due to the presence of the eugenol compound in the complexes. The antioxidant stability was evaluated at different temperatures, in which OE had its antioxidant activity reduced drastically while the complexes had a reduction of 6–13% of its activity. The antimicrobial activity was observed for EO and its complexes of S. aromaticum against yeasts of the genus Candida, in which there was a reduction of the concentration of the MIC and CFM for the complexes formed by the co-precipitation methodology. The antitumor activity against HT-29 and HeLa cells was observed in both EOs, in contrast, the cytotoxicity of EOs was also increased. The complex formed from OE S. aromaticum showed the best antitumor activity against HT-29 cells (IC 50 = 12.5 µg/mL) with a better selectivity index (IS = 12.32). It is concluded that the techniques used were suitable for the confirmation of the complexes with β-CD, and that the complexation contributed with the stability and action of the essential oils evaluated, allowing their use in the various industrial sectors, such as pharmaceutical and food industry.

Neste artigo apresentamos uma experiência formativa na Licenciatura em Pedagogia, que emergiu diante de um cenário de novas adversidades, desafiando-nos a repensar o desenvolvimento do Estágio Supervisionado com mediação tecnológica, no âmbito de um curso presencial, em uma universidade pública. Este redesenho do componente de Estágio Supervisionado incorporou um empreendimento de aperfeiçoamento profissional docente a partir da mobilização de aprendizagens profissionais sobre a docência, de forma articulada e investigativa, integrando professores do Ensino Superior, da Educação Básica e licenciandos de Pedagogia, cuja aliança formativa envolve a formação inicial e a formação continuada de professores para a Educação Básica. Tal experiência formativa docente apresentada neste texto foi delineada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Interface: Investigação Interdisciplinar sobre a Formação do Educador, apresentada neste estudo, caracterizase pela intencionalidade formativa de encontros de formação intergeracional de professores que expressam a dinâmica da formação inicial e continuada nos arranjos desenvolvidos em práticas de Co-Docência para o Estágio Supervisionado. Neste estudo, a Co-Docência é compreendida como assessoria pedagógica sistemática e transversal dos docentes da Educação Básica e da Universidade aos licenciandos em iniciação profissional, estagiários e estagiárias. Os resultados são valiosos e inéditos, especialmente, em tempos de crise sanitária, com a melhoria da formação docente para atuação qualificada e científica na Educação Básica, reverberando em novos resultados e perspectivas para egressos do curso de Pedagogia, assim como da atualização do que se torna relevante no currículo da formação de professores.

This research assessed the effect of the addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa) hydroalcoholic extract (HET) and polymer concentration on the physicochemical properties of chitosan films at 1.5 and 2% (w/v), as well as on the extension of the shelf life of minimally processed pineapple (MPP) from the variety Golden Sweet (MD-2) stored at 5 ± 1 °C. The solutions were prepared in lactic acid solution 1% (v/v), with further addition of 0.1% (v/v) of Tween 80 and HET at 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v). Fruits were peeled and cut into quarters of 1 cm thick slices and were then divided at random according to the coatings to be applied: PQ, 1.5% (w/v) chitosan coating; PQC, 1.5% (w/v) chitosan coating with 0.4% (w/v) HET; and PC, control treatment. The concentrations of chitosan and HET did not affect the water vapor permeability, water solubility and apparent opacity of the films. The tensile strength increased with the concentration of chitosan and HET, while the elongation at break decreased with the increasing polymer concentration. It increased the brightness of films with the concentration of chitosan and HET. The b* values corresponded to the yellow color of films, and a* were associated with a greenish hue provided by the HET. The shelf life of MPP was increased by 33.33% with the application of chitosan and HET coating due to higher sensory quality, and no visible fungal spoilage after 12 days of storage compared to 8 and 10 days for uncoated and chitosan-coated products, respectively.

This academic paper was developed with the aim of analyzing the management challenges for the effectiveness of professionalization. Managers of companies and educational units must contain all their demands in a unit in the administrative sector, so that there are no gaps or divisions in the separation of problems, such as lack of communication and difficulty in working as a team. Therefore, thinking about the actions of managers is immensely important for a good forwarding of professionalization. This is a bibliographical and documentary research, with a qualitative interpretive nature. With regard to the conditions for the effectiveness of the management process in the Brazilian business and educational fields, it became effective for us to carry out a bibliographic survey of existing studies on the subject since the turn of the 21st century. It is argued, therefore, that it is necessary to adopt a more professional and qualified management for the development and concreteness of the professional subject, as well as all those involved in the administrative system.

The Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade requires the replacement of standard 8.3 T Nb-Ti main dipole magnets with pairs of shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. After the manufacturing and testing of several 2 m-long 11 T models, the full-length 11 T magnet series production is now ongoing. As a result of a degraded quench performance in several short models, attributed to excessive stress in the coils’ midplanes, an upper hard limit for the coils’ pre-stress was set to avoid any conductor degradation. With the aim of further investigating the influence of a lower pre-stress, an additional double-aperture short model was manufactured. The first aperture was assembled with the standard pre-stress target, in line with the series production. The second aperture was assembled with half of the standard pre-stress. Both apertures were then assembled into a 2-in-1 structure, but connected individually in order to power them independently to allow for comparison studies. Contrary to previously built 11 T magnets, the conductor type is also different as Powder-in-tube (PIT) cable was used, instead of standard Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) cable. Additionally, the quench heaters for magnet protection were not impregnated as previously done, but placed on the outer radial surface of the coils, in agreement with the final decision for the 11 T series production. This paper describes the manufacturing and testing campaign results of this last 11 T short model.

The present paper delimited as a general objective to analyze the theme of women in relation to discrimination, violence and struggles in contemporary Brazil. This is a qualitative work, with a bibliographic nature, in which we revisit studies that deal with women and their struggles for insertion in the labor market, as well as the current conditions for the insertion of women in the commercial field. The relevance of our study lies in the current condition of women, who, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution (1988), have the same rights as men, and it is necessary to discuss the subject. Given the degree of vulnerability of women in the context of domestic and family violence, it is of paramount importance that studies be developed that focus on ways to protect women against all forms of violence, bringing in their scope a range of possibilities for reflection. Our results pointed to a great scarcity that still exists in work opportunities for women, but despite the great discrimination, violence and struggles, in the twelfth century they have been gaining insertion and representation.

This study was to evaluate the biological activity of the extract of Botryosphaeria fabicerciana isolated from leaves of Morus nigra. The volatile compounds from the crude extract were analysed by GC-MS which demonstrate that mellein and β-orcinaldehyde were are the major compounds. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract was observed against Gram-positive bacteria, with a MIC of 15.6 μg/mL towards B. cereus and MIC of 62.5 μg/mL towards S. aureus and B. subtilis. MBC values of 31.25 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, and 250 μg/mL were observed towards B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, respectively. The cytotoxicity analyses showed CC50 of 115 μg/mL. The crude extract showed antioxidant activity by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Therefore, the extract of the endophytic fungus presented biotechnological potential as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

A situação do saneamento básico brasileiro tem um contexto marcado por precariedades. Sanear essa realidade, primariamente, requer um bom planejamento estratégico. Seguindo as diretrizes nacionais, os municípios brasileiros são os responsáveis por formular suas respectivas políticas públicas de saneamento básico, ficando obrigados a elaborar seus Planos Municipais de Saneamento Básico (PMSBs). No Estado de Rondônia, atualmente dezenove municípios estão realizando a construção de seus PMSBs, contando com assessoramento técnico do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia (IFRO), por meio do “Projeto Saber Viver” (Portaria nº 1876/REIT-CGAB/IFRO), uma cooperação entre a Fundação Nacional de Saúde (FUNASA) e o IFRO, por meio do Termo de Execução Descentralizada (TED) 08/2017. A participação e o controle social no processo de construção de políticas públicas é um fator determinante e um instrumento eficiente de transformação da realidade local. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo explicita a elaboração e aplicação das Estratégias Participativas referentes à Mobilização, Participação Social e Comunicação para a construção do PMSB nos municípios atendidos pelo Projeto, delineando as etapas e contextualização destas estratégias, bem como sua eficácia.

This review article examines the main aspects of drinking water demand management from a technological and cultural perspective as a strategy for the efficient use of urban aqueducts. It is necessary to know the factors that affect the consumption of water in homes in order to generate management processes to solve the misuse of this resource. In the first room, a description of the demand is presented and some investigations are presented. Then some low water consumption devices are described, finally social mechanisms are mentioned to achieve a more efficient use of water.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as conformidades das águas minerais naturais comercializadas no munícipio de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Quantificou-se os teores de sódio, potássio, e propriedades físico-químicas em amostras com gás e sem gás comparando os valores obtidos com os descritos nos rótulos fornecidos pelas empresas responsáveis. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise Físico-Química de Água da Universidade Federal do Maranhão utilizando a metodologia normas do Instituto Adolf Lutz (2008). Cada amostra foi submetida a análise de sódio, potássio, pH, condutividade, turbidez, nitrato, amônia, cor, ferro, e sólidos totais. De acordo com as portarias vigentes as amostras encontram dentro dos limites estabelecidos, com exceção ao ferro apresentando valores acima do estabelecido. Quando comparados os valores de sódio e potássio com os rótulos de cada embalagens nenhumas das amostras extrapolam os limites de acordo com a legislação, mas algumas amostras merecem atenção quando se pensarmos no consumo de dois litros necessários ao dia.

O Governo Brasileiro vem elaborando documentos oficiais sobre a política pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – CT&I no País. Para o período de 2016 a 2022, foi publicado o documento intitulado Estratégia Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – ENCTI, contendo várias previsões, dentre elas, cinco desafios. O presente artigo, fundado na teoria do federalismo, analisa estes desafios por intermédio de dados contidos num relatório oficial do Senado Federal e entrevistas realizadas com dois Diretores do Governo Federal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza descritiva e qualitativa. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, os cinco desafios foram categorizados e, a partir das informações do documento do Senado Federal e das percepções das autoridades entrevistadas, foi realizada a descrição e análise dos desafios dentro do atual cenário brasileiro. Este artigo contextualiza e aprofunda os estudos sobre federalismo e políticas públicas de CT&I no Brasil para pesquisadores, acadêmicos, empresários e agentes públicos.

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying differences in recipient sex in renal disease treatment, access to renal replacement therapy, and subsequent outcomes. Our aim was to find out whether there are differences in outcomes after renal transplantation between female and male kidney transplant recipients in our series, particularly in adults under 60 years of age during long-term follow-up.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of our kidney transplant series (n = 1,101) to compare graft survival depending on the sex of the recipient in the entire series and patients < 60 years of age (n = 687) during long-term follow-up.ResultsWe observed no association between recipient sex and graft survival throughout the series, regardless of recipient sex. However, adult female recipients under 60 years of age had lower graft survival than male recipients (p = 0.040). Pre-transplant sensitization (HR 2.438, p = 0.002) and donor age (HR: 1.021, p = 0.017) were the independent variables associated with graft failure.ConclusionFemale recipients younger than 60 years of age had lower graft survival than male recipients, although there were no gender differences in graft or patient survival in the overall study population. Recipient sex per se was not related to graft failure, but the greater immunological risk in women and more frequent use of expanded criteria donors in female recipients under 60 years of age were the main factors related to their poorer graft survival. Further studies and new strategies are needed to identify these differences and develop the best approach to address them.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence and second in terms of mortality and prevalence worldwide. In relation to chemotherapy treatment, the most used drug is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); however, the use of this drug generates various toxic effects at the systemic level. For this reason, new therapeutic strategies are currently being sought that can be used as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments. Recent research has shown that natural compounds, such as genistein, have chemotherapeutic and anticancer effects, but the mechanisms of action of genistein and its molecular targets in human colon cells have not been fully elucidated. The results reported in relation to non-malignant cell lines are also unclear, which does not allow evidence of the selectivity that this compound may have. Therefore, in this work, genistein was evaluated in vitro in both cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 and in the non-malignant cell line HaCaT. The results obtained show that genistein has selectivity for the SW480 and SW620 cell lines. In addition, it inhibits cell viability and has an antiproliferative effect in a dose-dependent manner. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also found, suggesting an association with the cell death process through various mechanisms. Finally, the encapsulation strategy that was proposed made it possible to demonstrate that bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is capable of protecting genistein from the acidic conditions of gastric fluid and also allows the release of the compound in the colonic fluid. This would allow genistein to act locally in the mucosa of the colon where the first stages of CRC occur.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by

The persistent shortage of optimal kidney donors and the progressive increase in patients on the waiting list have led to an expansion of the acceptance criteria, such as donors after controlled cardiac death (cDCD) and donors after brain death with expanded criteria (DBD-EC). Some concerns and doubts about survival outcomes achieved with these allografts are still present. Our aim was to compare transplant outcomes from cDCD vs DBD-EC.A retrospective single-center observational study including all kidney transplant (KT) donors from all cDCD and DBD-EC (60 years) from January 2015 to January 2022 was performed. We analyzed clinical characteristics, early clinical outcomes, and patient and graft survival rates.129 cDCD and 166 DBD-EC KT recipients were included. The median follow-up was 30,2 months. DBD-EC were older and had more comorbidities than cDCD. KTs from cDCD and DBD-EC showed similar rates of delayed graft function and primary nonfunction. Patient survival at 1 year was similar (85% DBD-EC vs 90% cDCD, P = .32). Death-censored graft survival at 1 year was similar among young cDCD (18-59 years) and elderly DBD (60-69 years; 97% vs 92.3%, P = .2). Recipient age and expanded criteria in KT from cDCD were related to worse early graft outcomes. The outcomes achieved with KT from cDCD were similar to those observed in older and more comorbid DBD donors. This assumption is worth consideration when choosing the most suitable donor for each recipient.

Alcohol intoxication in pediatrics is a growing problem in our environment. The objectives of this study are to define the prevalence of acute alcohol intoxication in the pediatric emergency department (PED) and to describe the associated symptoms and their relationship with potential risk factors.This cross-sectional study includes patients younger than 16 years with a diagnosis of acute alcohol intoxication between March 2010 and October 2018 in the PED of a tertiary hospital. Patients with concomitant intoxication by other substances were excluded. The association between qualitative variables was determined using the χ 2 or Fisher exact test and quantitative with the Student t , Mann-Whitney U test, and simple linear regression.There were 136 episodes of alcohol intoxication, which represents a prevalence of 24.1/100,000 emergencies. After excluding 10 patients because of positive screening for other drugs, 126 patients with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD, 1.2 years) were included, 57.9% of whom were women. A total of 25.4% of the patients were younger than 14 years. Ethanolemia was determined in 88.9%, and its mean concentration was 195.7 mg/dL (SD, 56.5 mg/dL), with potentially serious levels (300 mg/dL) being found in 3.6% of the patients. A relationship was found between the Glasgow Coma Scale score and ethanolemia ( B = -12.7; 95% confidence interval, -8.1 to -17.4; P0.001), as well as with potassium ( B = -31, 9; 95% confidence interval, -6.6 to -57.3; P = 0.014). No patient had seizures or hypoglycemia. A total of 10.3% of the patients required admission.Alcohol intoxication is a rare consultation reason in the PED. They usually present with mild and self-limited symptoms, being the decrease in the level of consciousness and hypokalemia the most frequent symptom and analytical alteration.

Purpose We present a cross-sectional study comparing hypometabolism and atrophy patterns in Niemann–Pick disease type C (NP-C). We also present a longitudinal analysis of NP-C [18F]FDG-PET data. Methods 22 patients NP-C patients underwent MRI and [18F]FDG-PET imaging at baseline, and a subset of 12 patients were able to complete at least one follow-up PET imaging acquisition. Visual assessment and group-level voxel- and region-based analyses of the baseline MRI and PET images were performed by comparing our NP-C cohort to PET and MRI healthy volunteer cohorts. Per cent changes in metabolism (%/year/region) were calculated for longitudinal analysis. Results Significant atrophy was present in the cerebellum (p 18F]FDG PET provided stronger effect sizes and was able to show significant hypometabolism even in areas without atrophy. [18F]FDG uptake annual changes (p 18F]FDG PET as a tool for the assessment of cross-sectional and longitudinal neurodegeneration in NP-C.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing an acute respiratory disease that can eventually lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). An exacerbated inflammatory response is characteristic of SARS-CoV2 infection, which leads to a cytokine release syndrome also known as cytokine storm associated with the severity of the disease. Considering the importance of this event in the immunopathology of COVID-19, this study analyses cytokine levels of hospitalized patients to identify cytokine profiles associated with severity and mortality. Using a machine learning approach, 3 clusters of COVID-19 hospitalized patients were created based on their cytokine profile. Significant differences in the mortality rate were found among the clusters, associated to different CXCL10/IL-38 ratio. The balance of a CXCL10 induced inflammation with an appropriate immune regulation mediated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-38 appears to generate the adequate immune context to overrule SARS-CoV2 infection without creating a harmful inflammatory reaction. This study supports the concept that analyzing a single cytokine is insufficient to determine the outcome of a complex disease such as COVID-19, and different strategies incorporating bioinformatic analyses considering a broader immune profile represent a more robust alternative to predict the outcome of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Universidad de Costa Rica/[807-C1-357]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Cirugía y Cáncer (CICICA)

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical profile of Litsea cubeba essential oil, carry out an in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant potential and its cytotoxicity, as well as its an...

Humpback whales perform long migrations from their breeding and nursing areas at low latitudes to feeding grounds at high latitudes. Nonetheless, this strictly dichotomous paradigm of migration is challenged by accumulating examples of occasional or regular feeding at low latitudes for several stocks worldwide. Here, we report multiple evidences of “Stock G” humpback whales feeding in coastal waters, at low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Lunge feeding behavior and defecation were observed in Ecuador, while both lunge- and trap feeding in pursuit of Peruvian anchovy was documented in northern Chile. A photographically re-sighted individual feeding at different latitudes of Chile suggested potential site fidelity to two foraging areas. Whether these feeding behaviours are novel due to changes in prey distribution, intensifying competition from a growing humpback whale population, or simply reflect vastly increased research effort remains unknown. Further research into the feeding ecology of Stock G should help reveal historic and potentially new feeding grounds, prey composition and precise migration paths. Competition from anchovy fisheries, vessel collision and net entanglement are suspected threats.

This article investigates traditional and modern adhesives used to consolidate distemper paintings on canvas, with special reference to sixteenth century Hispano-tüchlein paintings, also called sargas. Such artworks are not only difficult to handle due to their large size, but they are also inherently fragile and/or are highly hygroscopic. This sensitivity is caused in part by the nature of the painting technique as well as the lack of varnish, which might account for why conservation methods related to these works have not been addressed in the past. This investigation was conducted on historical reconstructions samples to assess and develop treatment strategies for distemper paintings, in particular issues linked to powdery/friable matte paint layers. The impact of several adhesives on the painted surface of historical reconstructions was evaluated before and after the samples were subjected to humidity cycling tests using a range of analytical techniques. Such information can be used to aid conservators who face consolidation issues related to underbound paintings or artworks with similar surfaces. The results reveal that there is no one perfect adhesive for matte paint nor one that can be removed completely, once applied. Aquazol® 200 and Funori performed the best, but still introduced changes in colour and gloss, even if minimal.

The pathophysiology of Covid-19 has a cytokine storm, causing exacerbation of inflammatory lesions, mainly of the lungs and vascular endothelium. The mechanism of entry into the human cell uses the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a cell surface receptor. Among the most at-risk groups are pregnant women, due to the physiological, anatomical and immunological changes of the gestational cycle, causing susceptibility to infections. In addition, there are uncertainties about safe breastfeeding and possible vertical transmission. This group, which has a continuous obstetric follow-up, within pandemic circumstances, needed to minimize the risk of exposure in medical settings, using care through telehealth, as a helper. It was possible to replace some face-to-face visits to the clinic, when possible, by virtual ones, minimizing risks to exposure and providing a vehicle for direct communication with the doctor, which, in a way, offers pregnant women more peace of mind, essential to avoid possible complications by psychological stress that can generate inflammatory responses for mother and fetus, causing possible neuropsychiatric consequences. The objective of this narrative review study was to present an update of the data on the disease, as well as a change in management of the pregnant population. Despite being of great importance, virtual assistance does not replace face-to-face, and to get the most out of this new approach, there is a set of guidelines that can help health professionals. It is also important to warn of: changes in hospital management; reconciling ultrasound consultations with medical appointments, reducing the number of pregnant women leavings; telephone tracking of patients' symptoms before face-to-face attendance; and testing recommendations for covid-19, before entering hospitals.

Southeastern Pacific humpback whales (Breeding Stock G) breed along the northwestern coast of South America and farther north up to CostaRica. Photo-identification surveys conducted aboard whalewatching vessels during the migration/breeding season from June to September between1991 and 2006 off the coast of Ecuador (2°S, 81°W) have produced a database of 1,511 individual whales. Comparisons of photographs produced190 between-year re-sightings of 155 individual whales. Closed and open capture-recapture models were used to estimate abundance and survival.The best estimate of abundance in 2006 with the Chapman modified-Petersen was 6,504 (95% CI: 4,270–9,907; CV = 0.21). Abundance estimatesfrom open population models were considerably lower due to heterogeneity in capture probability which produced a ‘transient’ effect. Our bestestimate of true survival was 0.919 (95% CI: 0.850–0.958). Heterogeneity most likely occurred from inter-annual variation in sampling and unknownstructure and variation in the migration timing and corridor. A more extensive collaborative effort including other wintering areas further north aswell as integrating breeding-feeding data will help to reduce heterogeneity and increase precision in abundance and survival estimates.

Urban gardening is growing as an increasingly therapeutic, social, mental, environmental, and economical alternative to improve the quality of life. One of the options to enhance this activity is the use of mulches. There are several reports on the use of cellulose-based mulches in rural areas. This work is the first successful study on the use of nanocellulose mulches for small-scale urban food production based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) pellicules constituted by nanoribbons. In this case, the pellicules were produced by bacteria isolated from the Colombian species Komagataeibacter medellinensis (previously referred to as Gluconacetobacter medellinensis sp. Nov., a new acid-resistant strain that can grow at a pH as low as 3.5) under simple static conditions. A cheap substrate, such as ripened fruit not suitable for human consumption, was used to produce the BNC mulches. The obtained BNC mulches are cheap and environmentally friendly than plastic mulch based on polyethylene. The effectiveness of BNC pellicule mulches was evaluated during the growth of one type of onion plant under urban garden conditions and was compared with an uncovered system and a commercial polyethylene mulch. Progressive degradation of BNC mulches took place during plant growth, indicating the biodegradability of BNC mulches, and thus, the onion plants exhibited healthy physiological development. The results suggest that BNC mulches are environmentally friendly and easy to use for the protection of small-scale food production in urban areas during short plant-growing periods.

espanolEl trabajo parte de la determinacion con un estudio diagnostico, de las insuficiencias que presentan los estudiantes de Tecnico Medio en Electricidad, en el desarrollo de la cultura energetica, que afecta su formacion integral debido a que en el diseno curricular de las asignaturas tecnicas de la especialidad de Electricidad no aparece como contenidos los aspectos referidos a la cultura energetica. Como via de solucion al problema se propone un programa de estudio para el tratamiento a la cultura energetica en los estudiantes de Tecnico Medio en Electricidad, a traves del proceso pedagogico profesional que se desarrolla en la Escuela Politecnica de Cuba. El problema social de la ciencia que se plantea en este trabajo tiene gran connotacion social, pues su solucion permite formar cualidades de la personalidad del tecnico medio en electricidad vinculadas a una adecuada relacion sujeto – objeto, que le permite adaptarse al escenario formativo donde se desarrolla y transforma para satisfacer las necesidades sociales a partir de su relacion con el medio, lo que se concreta en la relacion sujeto – objeto con la educacion energetica de los estudiantes. Este resultado se sustenta en los principios y regularidades que caracterizan a la Pedagogia de la Educacion Tecnica y Profesional. EnglishThis paper is based on the determination, with a diagnostic study, of the insufficiencies presented by the students of intermediate Technician in Electricity, in the development of the energetic culture, which affects their integral training because in the curriculum design of the technical subjects of the specialty of Electricity it does not appear as content the aspects related to energy culture. As a solution to the problem, a study program is proposed for the treatment of energy culture in the students of intermediate Technician in Electricity, through the professional-pedagogical process developed in the Polytechnic School of Cuba. The social problem of science that arises in this work has great social connotation since its solution allows forming qualities of the personality of the intermediate technician in electricity linked to an adequate subject-object relationship, which allows it to adapt to the formative scenario where it develops and transforms to satisfy the social needs from its relationship with the environment, which is concrete in the subject-object relationship with the students’ energetic education. This result is sustained by the principles and regularities that characterize the Pedagogy of Technical and Professional Education.

The broad range of applications of cellulose (CNFs) nanofibers derived from plant sources has promoted different strategies for their production and commercialization. Nevertheless, issues concerning its transportation have prompted different projects to achieve a redispersible and dehydrated product in order to allow a cost-effective and safe transport and processing of this material. In this work, different strategies to avoid hornification such as oven drying, freeze-drying, spray-drying and supercritical drying were reviewed in terms of the nanostructural properties and redispersion capability of the obtained product, analyzing the existent literature involving chemical modification of cellulose or additives. Oven drying was reported to have the highest agglomeration rate during dehydration and some of the redispersible products can be used in food and pharmaceutical products, while the structure of freeze-dried CNFs evidenced several morphologies depending on CNF concentration and the presence of charges or steric hindrances. Spray-drying and supercritical drying were the only methods that could not fulfil the aimed industrial requirements due to its agglomeration and cost-efficiency respectively. When considering strategies to keep nanostructural properties upon dehydration it is important to account for the final application of CNFs as some additives or chemical modifications are targeted to specific applications. Further research is still required to clarify if spray drying and supercritical drying are suitable for this nanomaterial, as different additives and drying parameters must be considered to adapt these techniques to industrial requirements