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Art and design processes and practices can inform and stimulate knowledge building in powerful ways. Artist/designer Marni Stuart and artist/curator Susan Davis have employed creative practice to inform their own seeing and knowing of the natural spaces that surround them in South East Queensland, Australia. Through art and design practice they seek to share ways for others to ‘see’, appreciate and value these natural habitats and wildflower heritage.

Presentation for the AMI Conference 2022

This session is intended to identify training and information resources in each of the areas listed in NASIG's Core Competencies for Electronic Resources Librarians. The presenter will share a draft outline of resources in advance of the session. Participants should be prepared to provide feedback and suggestions for additional resources. The goal is to develop a curriculum that could be used for a course (or courses) in a graduate program, as a training program for new hires, and for those library workers looking to improve or expand this knowledge and skills.

Phenolic effluents are produced by many industries including pulp and paper processing, coal conversion and dyeing and textiles. Such effluents pollute receiving waters due to toxicity, BOD and high colour. Because present treatment methods are expensive and often inefficient, the use of immobilised microbial cells and enzymes as alternative treatment methods were investigated. The effect of white-rot fungi and phenol oxidase enzymes on 3 industrial effluents were compared. The effluents were two from a cotton cleaning mill, hydroxide (OH) and sulphide (S) ; the fraction >1000 D from the Ei stage of a kraft pulp mill. An artificial coal conversion effluent was also studied. Effluents added to batch cultures of white-rot fungi with glucose as a carbon source, were decolorised by 75-85% in 6 d (Coriolus versicolor K) and by 70-75% (Stereum hirsutum, Coriolus versico1 or B). Successive additions of OH (1% v/v) to batch cultures of C.versicolor(K) at days 0, 8 and 15 were decolorised by 80-85% but at gradually reduced rates. OH diluted to 2% (v/v) and 10% was decolorised by C.versicoIor(K) but 20% OH was toxic. Laccase production was induced by both high and low molecular weight phenolic compounds. The enzyme was routinely produced in 1 litre shake flasks (with a 2 cm glass bead) and was induced by the addition of2,5-xylidine after 7 d growth of C.versicolor(K). Soluble laccase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) removed colour from OH, E and S effluents. Colour removed by HRP was 61% (OH), 36% (E) and 51% (S), colour removed by laccase was 36% (OH), 40% (E) and 30% (S), in 2-4 d. Soluble laccase,222 U/ml, could also precipitate 51 mg/l/h phenol from artificial coal conversion effluent at pH 6.0, although the optimum for activity was pH 4-5. However in all cases rapid and irreversible enzyme inactivation occurred. Entrapment of laccase in alginate beads improved decolorisation by factors of 2.1 (OH) and 1.5 (E) , entrapment of HRP improved decolorisation by 1.1 (OH), 1.5 (E) and 0 (S). Copolymerisationof laccase or HRP with tyrosine produced insoluble polymers with enzyme activity. Entrapment of these copolymers in gel beads further increased the efficiency of decolorisation of E effluent by laccase and HRP. Decolorisation by entrapped enzymes increased with increasing bead: effluent ratios (v/v) and the maximum of 86% decolorisation of OH effluent was achieved with an HRP bead:eff1uent ratio of 1:2.5. However, all enzyme preparations were released from the alginate beads at 3uch a rate that beads could not be used to decolorise more than one batch of effluent. Laccase could be immobilised on activated carbon by covalent coupling using a water soluble diimide. Up to 50 mg of laccase protein per g support was bound, but at the highest protein levels the expressed enzyme activity decreased. The maximum bound activity was obtained at11.5 mg laccase/g support. Bound laccase (CIL) was not eluted from carbon by washing with 10 mM buffer (pH 4-9) and was stable to salt concentrations up to 1M. The pH profile was unchanged but the temperature range of activity was broadened. The activation energy of CIL (17.61 kJ/M C>2) was decreased compared with soluble laccase (22.28 kJ/M 02) indicating the possibility of conformational changes during binding of laccase to carbon. Laccase bound to carbon retained 20% of its initial activity after oxidation of 7 batches of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and 55% of activity was retained after continuous oxidation of 9 1 of DMP in a fluidised bed reactor. In batch incubations with E effluent, CIL removed 57% of colour at an average rate of 94 CU/h/U enzyme. In the continuous fluidised bed system the removal was higher, 115 CU/h/U enzyme, however, continuous recirculation of effluent through the column for 5-8 h was necessary to achieve high colour removal by the immobilised laccase.

This study investigated trainee teachers’ delivery of a targeted programme entitled ‘Special Me Time’ (SMT) whilst on teaching placements in Foundation Phase settings in South Wales, over a training year. As reflective practice formed an integral part of the research, the study also aimed to discover whether students reflected effectively on their practice by employing specific reflective practice skills. The teaching experiences of two BA Initial Teacher Training (ITT) Year 3 students and six PGCE ITT students were scrutinised, primarily through examination of student reflective diaries and lesson evaluations. In addition, the study explored the rationale for the further development of good practice in pedagogy related to Personal and Social Development,Well -Being and Emotional Literacy (PSD/WB/EL) and reflective practice in the School of Education of a large university. The analysis of results revealed two common themes:Theme one related to the development of students’ pedagogical practice and to the teaching and facilitation of PSD/WB/EL during ‘Special Me Time’ (SMT). Theme two related to students’ use of reflective practice to assess and reflect upon teaching performance and competencies relating to PSD/WB/EL as part of the SMT programme.Findings from research showed that students gained in knowledge relating to PSD/WB/EL from undertaking the ‘Special Me Time’ programme. However, students found it difficult to effectively quantify the differences that the programme made. Students were aware however, that they were spending what they termed ‘quality time’ with the children. Students appreciated the concept of reflective practice, but often did not reflect upon or credit themselves with pedagogical achievements as a result of this process. Although student reflection was evident, students did not use reflection as a fundamental part of their practice. They often viewed reflection as superfluous and either did not wholly engage in the concept or undertook it but did not document the process fully, often engaging in what I termed ‘shallow reflection’. The study concludes by recommending that further research should be conducted in this area. Further evaluation of the benefits of equipping all ITT primary students regardless of age specialism chosen, with skills and knowledge in relation to teaching/facilitating PSD/WB/EL would be pertinent. The importance of ITT students developing skills and knowledge in order to integrate reflective practice into their professional practice is particularly significant. Findings from this research will inform future delivery of ITT primary programmes.

The development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines began in March 2020 in response to a request from the White House Coronavirus Task Force. Within 4 days of the request, the NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel was established and the first meeting took place (virtually-as did subsequent meetings). The Panel comprises 57 individuals representing 6 governmental agencies, 11 professional societies, and 33 medical centers, plus 2 community members, who have worked together to create and frequently update the guidelines on the basis of evidence from the most recent clinical studies available. The initial version of the guidelines was completed within 2 weeks and posted online on 21 April 2020. Initially, sparse evidence was available to guide COVID-19 treatment recommendations. However, treatment data rapidly accrued based on results from clinical studies that used various study designs and evaluated different therapeutic agents and approaches. Data have continued to evolve at a rapid pace, leading to 24 revisions and updates of the guidelines in the first year. This process has provided important lessons for responding to an unprecedented public health emergency: Providers and stakeholders are eager to access credible, current treatment guidelines; governmental agencies, professional societies, and health care leaders can work together effectively and expeditiously; panelists from various disciplines, including biostatistics, are important for quickly developing well-informed recommendations; well-powered randomized clinical trials continue to provide the most compelling evidence to guide treatment recommendations; treatment recommendations need to be developed in a confidential setting free from external pressures; development of a user-friendly, web-based format for communicating with health care providers requires substantial administrative support; and frequent updates are necessary as clinical evidence rapidly emerges.

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent public threat and carries a 25% chance of recurrence (rCDI). Data on safety and efficacy of oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) in reducing rCDI is limited. We implemented a best practice advisory (BPA) to alert the prescriber and antibiotic stewardship (ASP) team for patients with CDI in the previous 60 days being initiated on systemic antimicrobials. The alert states “Don’t use antibiotics in patients with recent CDI without convincing evidence of need. Antibiotics pose a high risk of recurrence”. ASP team would recommended OVP if antibiotics are continued. This study evaluated the impact of the BPA alert on OVP prescribing and patient outcomes. Methods IRB approved, retrospective, observational cohort study comparing patients who received OVP to no OVP. Inclusion: adults with history of laboratory confirmed CDI, ≥ 14 days post-CDI treatment completion, BPA from 3/7/19 – 3/31/20, receiving non-CDI systemic antimicrobials, and without history of bezlotoxumab infusion. Data were reported using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. Primary endpoint: rCDI within 2-8 weeks post-OVP completion. Secondary endpoints: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE) in clinical culture post-OVP and 1-year mortality. Results 70 patients included: 32 (46%) no-OVP and 38 (54%) OVP. Baseline characteristics, previous CDI treatment, and outcomes were similar (Table 1). Index CDI was severe in the OVP group (18, 47% vs. 9, 28%). Median Charlson comorbidity index: 7 (3 – 9) no-OVP and 7 (5 – 9) OVP. OVP regimens, 125 mg by mouth: once daily 4 (10%), twice daily 22 (58%), and every 6 hours 12 (32%). Median prophylaxis duration: 10 days (6 – 13). rCDI occurred in 3 (9%) no-OVP and 2 (5%) OVP (P = 0.654). Mortality: 10 (31%) no-OVP and 16 (42%) OVP (P = 0.458). Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Endpoints Conclusion OVP was utilized in approximately half of patients who required non-CDI antibiotics. Efficacy interpretation is limited by inconsistent dosing regimens and significant comorbid illness in the cohort. Future work will focus on further optimizing the BPA and standardizing the OVP regimen. Disclosures Rachel Kenney, PharmD, Medtronic, Inc. (Other Financial or Material Support, spouse is an employee and shareholder) Susan L. Davis, PharmD, Nothing to disclose

Background Our antimicrobial stewardship program identified high rates of suboptimal metronidazole prescribing for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) within ambulatory clinics. An outpatient best practice advisory (BPA) was implemented to notify prescribers “Vancomycin or fidaxomicin are preferred over metronidazole for C.difficile infection” when metronidazole was prescribed to a patient with CDI. Methods We conducted an IRB approved quasi-experiment before and after implementation of the BPA on June 3, 2020. Inclusion: Adult patients diagnosed with and treated for a first episode of symptomatic CDI at an ambulatory clinic between 11/1/2019 and 11/30/2020. Exclusion: fulminant CDI. Primary endpoint: guideline-concordant CDI therapy, defined as oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin. Oral metronidazole was considered guideline-concordant if prescribed due to cost barrier. Secondary endpoints: reasons for alternative CDI therapy, patient outcomes, prescriber response to the BPA. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were completed. Results 189 patients were included in the study, 92 before and 97 after the BPA. Median age: 59 years, 31% male, 75% Caucasian, 30% with CDI-related comorbidities, 35% with healthcare exposure, 65% with antibiotic exposure, 44% with gastric acid suppression therapy within 90 days of CDI diagnosis. The BPA was accepted 23 out of 26 times and optimized the therapy of 16 patients in six months. Guideline-concordant therapy increased after implementation of the BPA (72% vs. 91%, p=0.001) (Figure 1). Vancomycin prescribing increased and metronidazole prescribing decreased after the BPA (Figure 2). Reasons for alternative CDI therapy included medication cost, lack of insurance coverage, and non-CDI infection. There was no difference in clinical response or unplanned encounter within 14 days after treatment initiation. Fewer patients after the BPA had CDI recurrence within 14-56 days of the initial episode (27% vs. 7%, p< 0.001). Figure 1. Guideline-concordant CDI therapy Figure 2. Specific CDI therapy Conclusion Clinical decision support increased prescribing of guideline-concordant CDI therapy in the outpatient setting. A targeted BPA is an effective stewardship intervention and may be especially useful in settings with limited antimicrobial stewardship resources. Disclosures Susan L. Davis, PharmD, Nothing to disclose Rachel Kenney, PharmD, Medtronic, Inc. (Other Financial or Material Support, spouse is an employee and shareholder)

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

Only one class of targeted agents (anti-GD2 antibodies) has been incorporated into front-line therapy for neuroblastoma since the 1980s. The Neuroblastoma New Drug Development Strategy (NDDS) initiative commenced in 2012 to accelerate the development of new drugs for neuroblastoma. Advances have occurred, with eight of nine high-priority targets being evaluated in paediatric trials including anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors being investigated in front-line, but significant challenges remain. This article reports the conclusions of the second NDDS forum, which expanded across the Atlantic to further develop the initiative. Pre-clinical and clinical data for 40 genetic targets and mechanisms of action were prioritised and drugs were identified for early-phase trials. Strategies to develop drugs targeting TERT, telomere maintenance, ATRX, alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), BRIP1 and RRM2 as well as direct targeting of MYCN are high priority and should be championed for drug discovery. Promising pre-clinical data suggest that targeting of ALT by ATM or PARP inhibition may be potential strategies. Drugs targeting CDK2/9, CDK7, ATR and telomere maintenance should enter paediatric clinical development rapidly. Optimising the response to anti-GD2 by combinations with chemotherapy, targeted agents and other immunological targets are crucial. Delivering this strategy in the face of small patient cohorts, genomically defined subpopulations and a large number of permutations of combination trials, demands even greater international collaboration. In conclusion, the NDDS provides an internationally agreed, biologically driven selection of prioritised genetic targets and drugs. Improvements in the strategy for conducting trials in neuroblastoma will accelerate bringing these new drugs more rapidly to front-line therapy. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The relationship between experience, emotions, cognition, and learning is of increasing interest to educators and researchers who recognise that efforts to promote student engagement and learning must take into account factors beyond the purely cognitive and instrumental. The significance of experience considered as a unity in regard to child development was discussed through the concept of perezhivanie decades ago in the work of Lev Vygotsky (1934). Contemporary explorations of perezhivanie as a concept and phenomenon may be further informed through drawing upon Dewey's work on Art as Experience (1934) and the concept of metaxis as understood in drama education literature. This paper will examine the special nature of arts and educational drama experiences for experiencing, realising, and expressing perezhivanie. It also reflects upon the role of the teacher, their own experiences of arts-inspired perezhivanie and the potentially contagious impact of the teacher's experiences for their students.International Research in Early Childhood Education, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 50-67

Research to date has demonstrated that bird migration is comprised of highly diverse and plastic behavioural patterns. Our objective is to highlight the importance of studying mechanisms underlying these patterns in austral migrants. We focus on the high incidence of overlap in breeding and non-breeding ranges as a particularly thought-provoking pattern. We then explore the opportunities afforded by partial migration theory to elucidate the mechanisms underlying seasonal range overlap. We propose that a mechanistic understanding of migration in South America will both provide a deeper appreciation of the ecology, physiology and evolution of migratory species in the New World, and improve the scientific foundation for their conservation. La investigación reciente sobre aves migratorias ha demostrado que constituyen un grupo que presenta comportamientos altamente diversos, plásticos y complejos. Nuestro objetivo general es resaltar la importancia de estudiar los mecanismos que generan los patrones que caracterizan la migración de aves en América del Sur. Para ello nos enfocamos en un patrón interesante (la alta incidencia de superposición en la distribución reproductiva y de invernada), analizando las oportunidades ofrecidas por la teoría de migración parcial para dilucidar los mecanismos que producen tal superposición. Proponemos que una comprensión mecanística de la migración de aves en América del Sur no solo proveería una apreciación más profunda sobre la ecología, la fisiología y la evolución de las especies migratorias del Nuevo Mundo, sino que también mejoraría los fundamentos científicos para su conservación.

The purpose of the research was to study the evolution of quilts in Floyd County, Virginia, as a means of documenting the life and culture of the county natives. Both documents and relics were examined and methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were utilized. The relics were any existing quilts made in Floyd County, while the documents included not only those in traditionally written form, but those in the unwritten form--in this case, twenty-two oral interviews. A visual instrument was developed to substantiate subject responses to interview questions. Geographic, economic and cultural factors were shown to have played an important part in determining the characteristics of Floyd County quilts. County aesthetic values were determined to be closely related to nature. Design lines were moderately complex and color preferences fell in the primary and secondary color range. Due to the historic functional use of quilts, no relation was found between the women's craftsmanship and design ability. Master of Science

Only one class of targeted agents (anti-GD2 antibodies) has been incorporated into front-line therapy for neuroblastoma since the 1980s. The Neuroblastoma New Drug Development Strategy (NDDS) initiative commenced in 2012 to accelerate the development of new drugs for neuroblastoma. Advances have occurred, with eight of nine high-priority targets being evaluated in paediatric trials including anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors being investigated in front-line, but significant challenges remain. This article reports the conclusions of the second NDDS forum, which expanded across the Atlantic to further develop the initiative. Pre-clinical and clinical data for 40 genetic targets and mechanisms of action were prioritised and drugs were identified for early-phase trials. Strategies to develop drugs targeting TERT, telomere maintenance, ATRX, alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), BRIP1 and RRM2 as well as direct targeting of MYCN are high priority and should be championed for drug discovery. Promising pre-clinical data suggest that targeting of ALT by ATM or PARP inhibition may be potential strategies. Drugs targeting CDK2/9, CDK7, ATR and telomere maintenance should enter paediatric clinical development rapidly. Optimising the response to anti-GD2 by combinations with chemotherapy, targeted agents and other immunological targets are crucial. Delivering this strategy in the face of small patient cohorts, genomically defined subpopulations and a large number of permutations of combination trials, demands even greater international collaboration. In conclusion, the NDDS provides an internationally agreed, biologically driven selection of prioritised genetic targets and drugs. Improvements in the strategy for conducting trials in neuroblastoma will accelerate bringing these new drugs more rapidly to front-line therapy.

Purpose This study compared the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 1% testosterone solution after application to the inner arm or the axilla as application sites for transdermal testosterone therapy. Methods Healthy, not pregnant, premenopausal women, 18 to 45 years of age with a body mass index of 20 to 28 kg/m 2 were enrolled into a single-center, open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover study. Serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined from serum TT and fT included area under the serum concentration versus time curve from time zero (pre-dose) until 72 hours post-dose (AUC 0–72 ), C max , and T max . Descriptive statistics were performed on serum concentrations of TT and fT for each site. ANOVA was performed on AUC 0–72 and C max . Findings A single-dose application of 1% testosterone solution to the inner arm and the axilla produced clear increases in TT and fT. Slower and lower increases in TT and fT were observed after treatment to the inner arm. Based on baseline-corrected AUC versus time curves, the bioavailability of 1% testosterone solution was increased 2-fold for the axilla compared with the inner arm. Implications The absorption of a 1% testosterone solution was significantly greater after application to the axilla than to the inner arm. Study number DDS16; Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration, CTN 2005/158.

This was a preliminary feasibility study to assess the pharmacokinetics and acute safety of a single dose of orally inhaled testosterone via the AERx system, a novel handheld aerosol delivery system in postmenopausal women. Twelve postmenopausal women stabilized on oral estrogen therapy were treated with a single dose of testosterone (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg) by inhalation. Plasma concentrations of sex steroids were measured between 1 and 360 minutes. Pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events were monitored. Inhaled testosterone produced a dose-dependent increase in plasma total and free testosterone. At the highest dose (0.3 mg), total and free testosterone increased from baseline (mean +/- SD, 0.6 +/- 0.3 nmol/L, 2.5 +/- 1.0 pmol/L) to maximum levels of 62.6 +/- 20.4 nmol/L (total) and 168.2 +/- 50.2 pmol/L(free), occurring 1 to 2 minutes after dosing. A 2-compartment model best described the free and total testosterone pharmacokinetic profile. Dihydrotestosterone levels were higher than baseline at 60 minutes (P < .0002). Estradiol did not vary, but sex hormone binding globulin and albumin fell. There were no adverse events related to the treatment. Administration of inhaled testosterone is safe and achieves a supraphysiologic "pulse" kinetic profile of total and free testosterone with a rapid return to pretreatment levels.

Objective: The steady-state pharmacokinetics of two doses of a transdermal testosterone cream (TTC) was investigated after daily application for 21 days. Methods: This was a two-way cross-over study conducted for 6 weeks. Seven healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 59.3 y) were randomly allocated to 5 or 10 mg of TTC applied daily to the upper arm. Serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), sex hormone-binding globulin, and metabolite concentrations were measured. Baseline-corrected and uncorrected serum TT and fT pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-24, Cavg, Cmax, and Tmax) were calculated using a standard model-independent approach. Results: After the single-dose application of 5 mg of TTC on day 22, the median uncorrected TT Cavg was found to be 0.54 ng/mL (range, 0.43-1.31), and the median uncorrected fT Cavg was found to be 4.14 pg/mL (range, 2.41-9.72). Doubling of the dose only resulted in a 30% increase in baseline-corrected TT Cavg (0.52 vs 0.69 ng/mL for 5 and 10 mg, respectively) and a 31% increase in baseline-corrected fT Cavg (4.75 vs 6.24 pg/mL for 5 and 10 mg, respectively). Neither dose resulted in any meaningful variation in dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estradiol, or sex hormone-binding globulin across the postdose sampling period. Conclusions: The 5-mg TTC dose restores TT and fT levels to levels above and within the reference range, respectively, for premenopausal women. Refereed/Peer-reviewed