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To evaluate the evolution of vitamin D levels (25OHD) in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Retrospective study, conducted with patients submitted to bariatric surgery between 2013 and 2018, in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. The variations of 25OHD, weight, body mass index (BMI), and total lymphocyte count were analyzed and compared for preoperative and postoperative periods of 6 and 12 months. Vitamin D levels below 30ng/mL were considered insufficient. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. To identify variables related to vitamin D, Pearson’s correlation test and linear regression analysis were used. A significance level of 5% (p

To trace the clinical profile of fistula cases after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatments and the admission costs of these patients. This is a retrospective study of patients who developed gastric fistulas after SG. All patients were submitted to surgical and/or endoscopic interventions (self-expandable stent, septotomy, and balloon dilation). The main studied variables were need for reoperation, number of endoscopic procedures, endoscopic complications, time until fistula diagnosis, fistula location, time until resolution, length of hospital stay, and health costs. The sample was mainly female (76.2%) with a mean age of 39.5 years and a BMI of 39.6 kg/m2. In 90.5% of cases, the fistula occurred in the topography of the His angle. Thirteen patients required surgical intervention. Of the patients who underwent endoscopic interventions, it was necessary to place more than one self-expandable stent of a maximum duration of 4 weeks. Six patients underwent more than two sessions of septotomy. There was one case of bleeding after septotomy. Dilatation was required in 71.4% of patients and an average of two sessions (1–5) per patient. The diagnosis of fistula occurred 14.4 days after surgery. The average time to resolve fistulas was 50.6 days. The average hospital stay was 75.8 days. The total cost of hospitalization was on average US$ 75,180.00. The surgical and endoscopic treatment of gastric fistulas after SG was safe and effective. There was a very low rate of complications. The time of onset of fistulas was not decisive for patient improvement.

We evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia and wasting syndrome, as well as the associated factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. We utilized a cross-sectional study evaluating HIV-infected individuals at a university hospital in the Northeast area of Brazil. In 99 patients, sarcopenia was assessed by analysis of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Wasting syndrome was assessed by unintentional weight loss criteria. Demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, as well as clinical and lifestyle variables were also evaluated. The prevalence of sarcopenia in this sample was 18.2% and 33.3% presented severe sarcopenia. Wasting syndrome was identified in 13.1% and 4% presented both conditions. Sarcopenia had higher prevalence in older patients (80.0 vs 4.9%, p= 0.004), among those with diabetes mellitus (50.0 vs 16.1%, p= 0.037), as well as among malnourished individuals (p= 0.003). Wasting syndrome was more prevalent in individuals with a lower level of education (26.3%vs5.4%, p= 0.005), in the lower income tertile (p= 0.041), and a lower CD4+ T cell count (429±450 vs 654±321 cells/mm3, p= 0.045). Sarcopenia and wasting syndrome are still clinical problems present in those using antiretroviral therapy associated with specific conditions in HIV patients.

This study evaluated whether supplementation with goat milk whey (GMW) affects the nutritional status, intestinal histology and intestinal microbial composition of female rats fed a westernized diet from gestation to lactation, as well as whether changes can be replicated in the offspring at the end of weaning and at 45 days of life. Pregnant female rats were randomized into four groups: control group (CSAL), control group supplemented with GMW (CGOAT), westernized group (WSAL) or westernized group supplemented with GMW (WGOAT). After weaning, half of offspring were euthanized and the rest of the offspring were maintained under the same treatment applied to dams, up to 45 days of life. Body weight, food intake, intestinal histology and counting of fecal microbial groups were determined in both female rats and offspring. The offspring supplemented with GMW showed decreased body weight at weaning. After weaning, groups supplemented with GMW showed reduced body weight and visceral fat, increased fecal lactobacilli counts in rats and offspring and attenuation of damages induced by the westernized diet on intestinal epithelial cells. GMW supplementation caused a positive effect on fecal microbial composition, intestinal morphology and induced reduction in weight gain and visceral fat in female rats and offspring fed westernized diet. These effects appear to be dependent on the animal’s age and period time of GMW supplementation.

Background: the dietary pattern that characterizes western diet is strongly associated with metabolic diseases and excess weight, as well as chronic illnesses. Misaligned feeding schedules can lead to or aggravate the development of such conditions. Aim: this study evaluated the influence of dietary composition and/or time-restricted feeding on the anthropometric and biochemical profile of adult rats. Methods: forty male rats, at 60 days of life, were divided into the following groups: Control (C), Restricted Control (RC), Westernized (W), and Restricted Westernized (RW). Results: westernized groups, in spite of a low energy intake (C = 5399 ± 401.2 kcal; RC = 4279.0 ± 476.2 kcal; W = 4302 ± 619.8 kcal; RW = 4081.0 ± 404.4 kcal, p0.001), had a higher body weight (C = 404.6 ± 39.1 g; RC = 335.1 ± 36.5 g; W = 488.9 ± 51.2 g; RW = 438.8 ± 36.5 g, p0.001) as compared to their paired controls (RC and C) - around 30 % and 20 % more for RW and W, respectively. The westernized diet caused glucose intolerance and mixed hyperlipidemia, characterized by higher concentrations of cholesterol (C = 40.8 ± 7.4 mg/dL; RC = 76.7 ± 10.8 mg/dL; W = 61.3 ± 20.2 mg/dL; RW = 42.2 ± 8.2 mg/dL), LDLc (C = 17.4 ± 7.5 mg/dL; RC = 38.8 ± 7.2 mg/dL ; W = 45.3 ± 15.8 mg/dL; RW = 11.0 ± 5.8 mg/dL), and triacylglycerol (C = 45.2 ± 15.0 mg/dL; RC = 73.2 ± 21.5 mg/dL ; W = 83.6 ± 23.4 mg/dL; RW = 57.5 ± 13.6 mg/dL) in the serum (p0.05). Conclusion: the effect of time-restricted feeding on body weight was strongly dependent on diet composition. The glucose tolerance test showed an influence of the circadian cycle phase. Mixed hyperlipidemia varied according to the presence of westernized diet and/or time-restricted food.Antecedentes: el patrón dietético que caracteriza a la dieta occidental está fuertemente asociado con las enfermedades metabólicas, así como con el sobrepeso y las enfermedades crónicas. Los horarios de alimentación desorganizados pueden conducir o agravar el desarrollo de tales trastornos. Objetivo: este estudio evaluó la influencia de la composición dietética y/o la alimentación restringida en el perfil antropométrico y bioquímico de ratas adultas. Métodos: cuarenta ratas macho, a los 60 días de vida, se dividieron en los seguientes grupos: control (C); control restringido (RC); occidentalizado (W) y occidentalizado restringido (RW). Resultados: los grupos occidentalizados, a pesar de la baja ingesta energética (C = 5399 ± 401,2 kcal; RC = 4279,0 ± 476,2 kcal; W = 4302 ± 619,8 kcal; RW = 4081,0 ± 404,4 kcal, p0,001), tuvieron mayor peso corporal (C = 404,6 ± 39,1 g; RC = 335,1 ± 36,5 g; W = 488,9 ± 51,2 g; RW = 438,8 ± 36,5 g, p0,001) que los respectivos grupos de control (RC y C): alrededor de un 30 % y un 20 % más para RW y W, respectivamente. La dieta occidentalizada provocó intolerancia a la glucosa e hiperlipidemia mixta, caracterizada por una mayor concentración de colesterol (C = 40,8 ± 7,4 mg/dL; RC = 76,7 ± 10,8 mg/dL; W = 61,3 ± 20,2 mg/dL; RW = 42,2 ± 8,2 mg/dL), cLDL (C = 17,4 ± 7,5 mg/dL; RC = 38,8 ± 7,2 mg/dL; W = 45,3 ± 15,8 mg/dL; RW = 11,0 ± 5,8 mg/dL) y triacilglicerol (C = 45,2 ± 15,0 mg/dL; RC = 73,2 ± 21,5 mg/dL; W = 83,6 ± 23,4 mg/dL; RW = 57,5 ± 13,6 mg/dL) en el suero (p0,05). Conclusión: el efecto de la alimentación restringida en el tiempo sobre el peso corporal fue muy dependiente de la composición de la dieta. La prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa mostró la influencia de la fase del ciclo circadiano. La hiperlipidemia mixta varió según la presencia de la dieta occidentalizada y/o la comida con restricción de tiempo.

The study evaluated the fatty acid profile of raw and heated virgin coconut oil by using eleven food preparations submitted to two treatments: dry and moist, and crude and heat. The fat extraction was performed by the Soxhlet method and the fatty acid profile was analysed using gas chromatography. Kuskal-Wallis test was utilised to evaluate the differences among food preparation methods. The lauric acid was present in the coconut oils analysed (16.07g/L ± 1.28) and in all the preparations in which coconut oil was used. The highest concentration of lauric acid was found in Corn starch cookies (16.60g/L ± 0.32). The cookie and the cake were the preparations that showed the lowest concentration, 6.14 g/L ± 0.05 and 5.05 g/L± 0.05, respectively. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented and enable professionals in the field of food and nutrition to prescribe the best usage of coconut oil in cooking.

The use of antiretroviral drugs has increased the survival of HIV patients, but may have side effects, such as lipodystrophic syndrome. This article aims to identify the frequency of the lipodystrophic syndrome and its associated factors in patients with HIV using antiretroviral therapy. It involved a cross-sectional study with HIV patients, monitored on an outpatient basis. The syndrome was evaluated by the association of two parameters: peripheral weight loss through the lipodystrophy severity scale and central fat accumulation, measured by the hip waist ratio. Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify the associated variables. Of the 104 patients evaluated, 27.9% presented the syndrome. After adjustment, the female sex (PRadjusted = 2.16 CI95% 1.43-3.39), being overweight (PRadjusted = 2.23 CI95% 1.35-2.65) and a longer period of use of antiretrovirals (PRadjusted = 1.64 CI95% 1.16-2.78), remained positively associated with the syndrome. On the other hand, a negative association with CD4 count £ 350 (PRadjusted = 0.39 CI95% 0.10-0.97) was observed The high prevalence of the syndrome and its association with specific groups reinforce the need for adequate follow-up and early identification to intervene in modifiable factors.O uso de antirretroviral aumentou a sobrevida dos portadores do HIV, porém pode acarretar efeitos colaterais, como a síndrome lipodistrófica. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a frequência da síndrome lipodistrófica e seus fatores associados em pacientes portadores do HIV em uso de terapia antiretroviral. Estudo transversal com pacientes acompanhados ambulatorialmente. A síndrome foi avaliada pela associação de dois parâmetros: emagrecimento periférico através da escala de gravidade de lipodistrofia e acúmulo de gordura central, mensurado pela relação cintura quadril. Para identificar as variáveis associadas foi realizada a análise de Regressão de Poisson. Dos 104 pacientes avaliados, 27,9% apresentaram a síndrome. Após ajuste, ser do sexo feminino (RPajustada = 2,16 IC95%1,43-3,39), ter excesso de peso (RPajustada = 2,23 IC95%1,35-2,65) e um maior tempo de uso dos antirretrovirais (RPajustada = 1,64 IC95%1,16-2,78) permaneceram positivamente associados à síndrome. Por outro lado, foi observada uma associação negativa com a contagem de CD4 £ 350 (RPajustada = 0,39 IC95%0,10-0,97). A alta prevalência da síndrome e sua associação com grupos específicos reforçam a necessidade do adequado acompanhamento e identificação precoce como forma de intervir nos fatores modificáveis.

The use of dexamethasone (Dex) to treat chronic lung disease in preterm infants may produce adverse effects in the developing brain. Here, we evaluated the effects of neonatal Dex on the propagation of cortical spreading depression (CSD), and tested the action of vitamins C and E against the effect of Dex. Five groups of Wistar rats received, respectively: [1] no treatment (Naïve); [2] Vehicle (V); [3] tapering doses of Dex (Dex; 0.5mg/kg, 0.3mg/kg, and 0.1mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 1-3; [4] Dex plus 200mg/kg vitamin C and 100mg/kg vitamin E (DexCE); [5] only vitamins C and E (CE). Vehicle and vitamins were administered on PND 1-6. CSD was recorded after the pups reached maturity (PND 60-70). The Dex-treated group presented with higher CSD velocities (mean values ± SD, in mm/min: 4.14 ± 0.22, n=10) compared with the control groups (Naïve: 3.52 ± 0.13, n=8; V: 3.57 ± 0.18, n=10; CE: 3.51 ± 0.24, n=10; p0.05 for all). Vitamins C and E antagonized this effect (DexCE group; CSD velocity: 3.43 ± 0.12, n=9). No intergroup difference was observed concerning P-wave amplitude and duration. In all groups, after the cortex underwent CSD, the electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increased approximately 50% compared with the baseline amplitude for the same animal (CSD-induced ECoG potentiation); however, no intergroup difference was observed. Data suggest that coadministration of antioxidant vitamins with Dex may be a helpful therapeutic strategy to reduce brain adverse effects of dexamethasone.

The scope of this study was to evaluate exclusive and total breastfeeding in children up to 2 years of age treated in Basic Health Units (BHU) of Recife in the state of Pernambuco. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Basic Health Units of Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira and Upinha Novo Prado. The study population consisted of children of 0 to 24 months of age. One hundred and forty-one children from 0 to 24 months of age were evaluated, of which 56.4% were female, 22% were ≤ 6 months old, 21.3% were between 7 and 12 months of age and 56.7% were between 13 and 24 months of age. Analysis of the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding revealed an average of 60.84 and 182.52 days, respectively. Male children, the use of pacifiers and bottle-feeding was associated with shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration.O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e total em crianças até 2 anos de idade atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Recife-PE. Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Mustardinha, Jardim Uchôa, Fernandes Figueira e Upinha Novo Prado. A população foi composta por crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade. Foram avaliadas 141 crianças, das quais 54,6% eram do sexo feminino, 22% tinham idade ≤ 6 meses, 21,3% entre 7 a 12 meses e 56,7% entre 13 e 24 meses. Ao analisar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total, verificou-se a mediana de 60,84 e 182,52 dias, respectivamente. Crianças do sexo masculino, uso de chupeta e mamadeira foram associados ao menor tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Jossana Pereira de Sousa, Neusa Lygia Vilarim Pereira, Edjeyse de Oliveira Cunha, Rhayane Idalyne Carvalho, Roberta Santos Lima, Eryka Maria Santos Alves, Evandro Leite de Souza, Maria Lucia da Conceicao. Perfil HigienicoSanitario de Ricotas Frescas Comercializadas Na Cidade de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-128 Perfil Higienico-Sanitario de Ricotas Frescas Comercializadas Na Cidade de Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil

Winnie Alencar Luciano, Roberta Santos Lima, Maiara da Costa Lima, Rhayane Idalyne Carvalho, Eryka Maria dos Santos Alves, Jossana Pereira de Sousa, Thais Santana Ribeiro, Evandro Leite de Souza, Maria Lucia da Conceicao. Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva em Amostras de Queijo Minas Frescal Vendidos em Joao Pessoa – Pb. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-204 Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva em Amostras de Queijo Minas Frescal Vendidos em Joao Pessoa – PB

Background Within the Brazilian context, it is possible to say that indigenous populations are among the groups at highest risk and vulnerability to HIV, AIDS and viral hepatitis (VH). With the objective of reversing this situation, in 2009, the AIDS SUS and VIGISUS Projects were set up to improve STD/AIDS/VH interventions among these populations. In 2012, the Ministry of Health (MoH) promoted the mobilisation of indigenous representatives of 34 Indigenous Health Sanitary Districts and healthcare professionals and administrators from all states. Methods The Special Office for Indigenous Health and the MoH’s Department of STDs, AIDS and VH conducted 6 macro-region workshops with the purpose of expanding and integrating the indigenous health network and strengthening infection control measures for STDs, AIDS and VH. Each workshop of 45 participants was held in a strategic state capital for 4 days. The methodology used interactive lectures, video, and round table meetings to discuss the current scenario and to jointly develop Action Plans that will target indigenous populations living in tribal or urban areas through 2015. Results The organisation of the workshops integrated a broad spectrum of the various fields. Attendance averaged 71%. During the events, reports documented the need for: training campaigns, exchange of information, a joint delineation of activities, and participation of indigenous representatives. The action plan’s model comprises five core areas: prevention, reduction of vertical transmission, expansion of diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and treatment. Conclusions The work was crucial for bringing together the various levels of government and actors involved in the formulation and operationalization of policies for indigenous populations. In 2013, the following will be conducted: monitoring, 3 evaluation workshops and visits to the tribes. The project is also expected to facilitate the participation of these populations in the construction of policies and services that meet and respect their specific cultural requirements.