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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium infecting approximately one half of the world’s population. The oral cavity and dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori infection. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children differs from that of adults. Although H. pylori has long been known to be detected in the oral cavity, the significance of such findings are controversial. Oral H. pylori may play an important role in re-infection of the gastric mucosa. The gold standard for eradicating H. pylori infection is standard triple therapy. The studies have shown promising results in the management of both oral and gastric H. pylori.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition may develop at any age, triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The most frequent intestinal manifestations include diarrhea and weight loss. Common extradigestive manifestations include iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis. The authors presents a clinical case diagnosed with celiac disease expressed with gastrointestinal and extradigestive symptoms, such as abdominal pain, flatulence, anemia, impaired hepatic function and dermatitis herpetiformis.

Erythema nodosum is the most frequent clinicopathologic variant of panniculitis. Triggers are represented by infections, sarcoidosis, rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, medications, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy and malignancy. Erythema nodosum typically manifests by the sudden onset of symmetrical, erythematous, warm nodules, usually located on the lower limbs. Often the lesions are bilaterally distributed. Treatment of erythema nodosum should be directed to the underlying associated condition, if identified. Usually, nodules of erythema nodosum regress spontaneously within a few weeks, and bed rest is often sufficient treatment. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and potassium iodide may be helpful drugs to enhance analgesia and resolution. Systemic corticosteroids are rarely indicated in erythema nodosum and before these drugs are administered, an underlying infection should be ruled out.