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Microperforated plates (MPP) are traditionally used to advantageously absorb acoustic waves in sound control technologies. However, less is known concerning the additional structural damping they can induce. The latter is activated through exchanges in the viscous and thermal boundary layers near the fluid-structure interface of the microperforations. MPPs therefore offer an alternative to, or can be used together with, viscoelastic materials, commonly implemented to damp vibrations at medium and high frequencies. In this work, the structural damping capabilities of MPP are investigated. To this end, the damping performance of a finite size MPP is explored analytically through an alternative form of the Biot model, classically devoted to porous plates, and considering energy dissipation through viscous friction mechanisms. Analytical results are compared to experimental measurements of structural damping factors on various MPP samples. The model is validated and confirms the damping effect added by the microperforations in the low frequency range. A sensitivity analysis on the perforation rate and perforation diameter provides a condition for which additional damping is maximized.

In murine peritoneal and other serous cavities, Gata6 drives identity of the major resident cavity macrophage population, with a smaller subset of cavity macrophages dependent upon Irf4. Here we show that Gata6+ macrophages in the human peritoneum are rare, regardless of age. Instead, many aligned with CD206+LYVE1+ mouse cavity macrophages from a differentiation stage just preceding expression of Gata6. The comparatively low abundance of CD206+ converting macrophages in healthy C57BL/6J mice was sustained after high-fat diet feeding or in mice capture from the wild, suggesting that the major resident macrophages between the species share overlapping differentiation programs but differing predispositions to distinct differentiation stages. Irf4-dependent mouse serous cavity macrophages aligned closely with CD1c+CD14+CD64+ human peritoneal dendritic cells (DCs) that, in turn, resembled CD1c+CD14-CD64- peritoneal cDC2. Peritoneal DC1 and plasmacytoid DCs were rare in both species. This cross-species resource comparing mouse and human serous cavity immune cells will facilitate translational research.

Background and ObjectivesChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies; however, cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) occur in ∼100 and 50% of patients, respectively. This study aimed to determine whether EEG patterns may be considered as diagnostic tools for ICANS.MethodsPatients who received CAR T-cell therapy at Montpellier University Hospital between September 2020 and July 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Neurologic signs/symptoms and laboratory parameters were monitored daily for 14 days after CAR T-cell infusion. EEG and brain MRI were performed between day 6 and 8 after CAR T-cell infusion. EEG was performed again on the day of ICANS occurrence, if outside this time window. All collected data were compared between patients with and without ICANS.ResultsThirty-eight consecutive patients were enrolled (14 women; median age: 65 years, interquartile range: [55–74]). ICANS was observed in 17 of 38 patients (44%) after a median time of 6 days after CAR T-cell infusion (4–8). The median ICANS grade was 2 (1–3). Higher C-reactive protein peak (146 mg/L [86–256],p= 0.004) at day 4 (3–6), lower natremia (131 mmol/L [129–132],p= 0.005) at day 5 (3–6), and frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA,p< 0.001) on EEG between days 6 and 8 after infusion were correlated with ICANS occurrence. FIRDA was only observed in patients with ICANS (N = 15/17, sensitivity of 88%) and disappeared after ICANS resolution, usually after steroid therapy. Except for hyponatremia, no other toxic/metabolic marker was associated with FIRDA (p= 0.002). The plasma concentration of copeptin, a surrogate marker of antidiuretic hormone secretion, assessed at day 7 after infusion, was significantly higher in patients with (N = 8) than without (N = 6) ICANS (p= 0.043).DiscussionFIRDA is a reliable diagnostic tool for ICANS, with a sensitivity of 88% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Moreover, as this EEG pattern disappeared concomitantly with ICANS resolution, FIRDA could be used to monitor neurotoxicity. Finally, our study suggests a pathogenic pathway that starts with increased C-reactive protein, followed by hyponatremia and eventually ICANS and FIRDA. More studies are required to confirm our results.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that FIRDA on spot EEG accurately distinguishes patients with ICANS compared with those without after CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancy.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains many immune cells. The presence of macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells was documented in BAT. However, in comparison to white adipose tissue, relatively little is known on the impact of immune cells on BAT function. By directly interacting with BAT stromal cells, or by secreting pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, immune cells modulate BAT activation and subsequently influence on adaptative thermogenesis and heat generation. In the current manuscript, we will focus on the diversity and functions of BAT immune cells.

Introduction : Pour comprendre la politique de mise en œuvre de la refonte des vigilances, il etait utile de rappeler l’histoire du drame du sang contamine, element fondateur des nouvelles institutions sanitaires. Le concept de securite sanitaire est ne avec la creation de plusieurs agences nationales. Elles ont fait la preuve de leur utilite, mais restent, cependant, cloisonnees, avec un maillage territorial complexe constituant un frein a la declaration des evenements indesirables.Methode : Il a ete procede a une revue des textes de lois et de la litterature, depuis la crise du sang contamine jusqu’aux nouveaux textes relatifs a la reforme des vigilances.Resultats : L’hemovigilance et la creation de l’Etablissement Francais du Sang, operateur civil unique de la transfusion sanguine, ont ete des evolutions majeures dans la reduction des risques transfusionnels. Le Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armees, cree en 1945, est soumis aux memes exigences reglementaires. La fusion de plusieurs agences a permis une approche plus globale de l’evaluation des risques sanitaires et une protection plus efficace de la sante des populations.Discussion : Les structures sanitaires mises en place, depuis les drames sanitaires des annees 90, ont fait la preuve de leur utilite mais restent cependant avec une organisation qui s’appuie sur des agences distinctes quelquefois cloisonnees. La culture du signalement insuffisamment developpee est en train d’evoluer avec la mise en œuvre du portail national unique de signalement.Conclusion : On doit maintenant se preparer, en permanence, a des menaces nouvelles ou re-emergentes. Le risque lie a l’augmentation de l’exposition aux polluants et aux produits toxiques sera l’enjeu majeur des annees a venir.

Macrophages play a central role during infection, inflammation and tissue homeostasis maintenance. Macrophages have been identified in all organs and their core transcriptomic signature and functions differ from one tissue to another. Interestingly, macrophages have also been identified in the peritoneal cavity and these cells have been extensively used as a model for phagocytosis, efferocytosis and polarization. Peritoneal macrophages are involved in B-cell IgA production, control of inflammation and wound healing following thermal-induced liver surface injury. These cells presumably require and interact with the omentum, where milky spot stromal cells have been proposed to secrete CSF1 (colony stimulating factor 1). Peritoneal macrophages depend on CSF1 for their generation and survival, but the identity of CSF1 producing cells inside the large peritoneal cavity remains unknown. Here we investigated peritoneal macrophage localization and their interaction with mesothelial cells, the major cell type predicted to secrete CSF1. Our data revealed that mesothelial cells produce membrane bound and secreted CSF1 that both sustain peritoneal macrophage growth.

Macrophages are found across all organs in the body and play key roles in health and disease. Systemic stress is a major risk factor for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the primary source for stress hormones, the adrenal gland (AGs), have yet to be thoroughly assessed for immune cell diversity. Here we utilized single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate macrophage heterogeneity in nascent AGs, compared against acute stress (cold challenge) or a chronic stress model of cardiovascular disease. In steady state, we observed two major macrophage populations in the AG. Following acute and chronic stress, AG macrophages upregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines (Il1b, TNFa) and key lipid uptake molecules, including Trem2. These observations were replicated using imaging analysis showing hormone uptake by AG macrophages. Using a monocyte-fate-mapping approach, we observed increased recruitment following stressed conditions, which correlated with reduced AG macrophage proliferation. Finally, we observed exacerbated systemic corticosterone levels following AG macrophage depletion and Trem2 deficiency. Overall, these data define AG macrophage heterogeneity and suggest a regulatory function of AG macrophage following exposure to acute and chronic stress.

Lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes are inevitably embedded in adipose tissue. The physiological significance of this observation remains still not elucidated. However, obesity is characterized by impaired lymphatic function and increased vessel permeability. Inversely, lymphatic dysfunction induces obesity in mice, suggesting a significant interplay between lymphatic vessels and the adipose tissue. Therefore, understanding factors leading to lymphatic dysfunction might open new therapeutic windows to prevent obesity and associated comorbidities. The first step in this process requires a precise and detailed visualization of the lymphatic network in healthy and inflamed adipose tissue. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient method that allows to label and analyze lymphatic and blood vessels. This approach takes advantage of the skin-draining brachial lymph node localization within the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The lymphatic arborization of this tissue can be revealed by injecting fluorochrome-conjugated lectins subcutaneously. Moreover, the in vivo labeling approach provides a way to evaluate lymphatic vessel density and functions. Coupled to blood vessel, adipocyte and immune cell staining, the protocol allows for high-resolution mapping of the subcutaneous adipose tissue by 3D imaging.

Macrophages rely on tightly integrated metabolic rewiring to clear dying neighboring cells by efferocytosis during homeostasis and disease. Here, we reveal glutaminase (Gls) 1-mediated glutaminolysis is critical to promote apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages during homeostasis. In addition, impaired macrophage glutaminolysis exacerbated atherosclerosis, a condition during which efficient apoptotic cell debris clearance is critical to limit disease progression. Gls1 expression strongly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque necrosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases. High-throughput transcriptional and metabolic profiling revealed that macrophage efferocytic capacity rely on a non-canonical transaminase pathway, independent from the traditional requirement of glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) to fuel ɑ-ketogulatrate-dependent immunometabolism. This pathway was necessary to meet the unique requirements of efferocytosis for cellular detoxification and high energy cytoskeletal rearrangements. Thus, we uncovered a novel role for non-canonical glutamine metabolism for efficient clearance of dying cells and maintenance of tissue homeostasis during health and disease.

The present study reports the evidence of a radioactive contamination in a wetland located downstream from a former French U mine in Brittany. This situation is demonstrated according to the measurements of gamma dose rates and activity ratios of

Parce que leur sens semble fluctuant, les expressions indexicales ont longtemps constitué une énigme pour la théorie phénoménologique de la signification. La première analyse que Husserl leur a consacrée dans les Recherches logiques laisse deux difficultés en suspens. 1) En quoi une signification visant directement un objet et se remplissant dans une intuition donatrice est-elle différente de l’objet référentiel? 2) Comment une compréhension «symbolique» des expressions indexicales, sans le secours de la perception, est-elle possible? Nous montrons comment les notions de «concept propre» et d’«horizon intentionnel» ont permis d’apporter une réponse à ces questions. Sans cet enrichissement phénoménologique de la théorie du concept et de l’intentionnalité, le fonctionnement linguistique de l’indexicalité demeure inintelligible.

Protein kinase C (PKC) θ, a serine/threonine kinase, is involved in TWe hypothesized that PKC-θ contributes to ILC2 activation and might be necessary for ILC2s to instruct the TPRKCQ gene expression was assessed in innate lymphoid cell subsets purified from human PBMCs and mouse lung ILC2s. ILC2 activation and eosinophil recruitment, THere we report that PKC-θ is expressed in both human and mouse ILC2s. Mice lacking PKC-θ had reduced ILC2 numbers, TTherefore our findings identify PKC-θ as a critical factor for ILC2 activation that contributes to T

Un globe somme d’une croix est attaqué de tous côtes par des rats qui le dévorent comme un beau fromage de Hollande. Ce motif de ‘a boule aux rats’ est apparu à la fin du Moyen Age, en marge du grand art religieux. Les sculptures de stalles en forment le principal réservoir mais de nombreux exemples subsistent dans les marginalia des livres pieux et sur le décor extérieur des églises du gothique tardif. Ce motif ne se livre à l’intelligence qu’à la suite d’un patient détour par chacun des éléments qui le composent. Si la source semble en être une unique expression proverbiale, ses nombreuses occurrences dans l’art doivent être étudiées en fonction de leurs contextes respectifs. Ainsi se dégagent les caractéristiques d’une imagerie modeste accompagnant les grandes expressions de la foi dans la période de la pré-Réforme; des images auxquelles est souvent attribué, faute de mieux, un caractère populaire. Pourtant les commanditaires et les lieux d’élection de ces boules aux rats les fonts plutôt participer à l’oraison savante qu’à la piétée des simples. Une oraison dirigeé vers la moralisation, qui englobe tous les aspects de la vie civile, les aléas de l’istoire contemporaine, comme les travers des contemporains clercs et paroissiens, au sein de motifs non dénués d’umour.

Lead, used as a protective screen against ionising rays, is one of the most important tone elements among the low-level radioactive waste. The assessment of quantities transferred to the environment from a repository requires the knowledge of the interactions with the constitutive materials of the artificial barriers and the subjacent groundwater. The retention capacity of completely hydrated cement, detrital cement and 3 natural materials are investigated by means of batch tests. All the materials show high lead retention capacities. About 99% of the lead in aqueous solution are quickly transferred to the solid phase. The retention capacity of the detrital cement sample is particularly noteworthy.

Baudoin Jean, Gallerand Virginie, Tousaint Jérôme. L'affaire du sang contaminé. In: Revue juridique de l'Ouest, N° Spécial 1996. La santé. pp. 211-235.

Assessment of the risk of impact from most radionuclides is based on the total radiological dose rate to the organism of concern. However, for uranium (U) there can be greater risk from chemical toxicity than radiological toxicity (depending on the isotopic composition). Chemical ecotoxicity of U is dependent on several environmental parameters. The most important are carbonate content, because of the formation of soluble carbonate complexes, and divalent cation content (Ca++ and Mg++), because of their competitive interaction with the uranyl ion (UO2++). This study summarizes the literature available to set PNECs (predicted no-effect concentrations) for chemical toxicity of U to non-human biota. The corresponding radiological doses were estimated, and as expected chemical toxicity proved to be the greater concern. There were limited data from some types of biota; however, PNECs for the types of biota of interest were as follows: terrestrial plants--250 mg U kg(-1) dry soil; other soil biota--100 mg U kg(-1) dry soil; freshwater plants--0.005 mg U L(-1) water; freshwater invertebrates--0.005 mg U L(-1) water; freshwater benthos--100 mg U kg(-1) dry sediment; freshwater fish at water hardnesses of:10 mg CaCO3 L(-1) (very soft water)--0.4 mg U L(-1) water; 10-100 mg CaCO3 L(-1) (soft water)--2.8 mg U L(-1) water; and100 mg CaCO3 L(-1) (hard water)--23 mg U L(-1) water; or as a function of hardness--0.26 (hardness as mg CaCO3 L(-1); mammals--0.1 mg U kg(-1) body weight d(-1).

Background: We report the case of a road worker with a food allergy to banana, who developed urticaria and rhinitis when cutting shrubs of Ficus benjamina and breadfruit. He did not develop an allergy to latex of Hevea brasiliensis.Results: Sensitization to latex of F. benjamina, H. brasiliensis, breadfruit and banana was demonstrated using skin tests and specific IgE measurements. RAST inhibitions procedures showed that specific IgE to breadfruit latex cross-reacted more strongly with latex of H. brasiliensis and banana than with latex of F. benjamina with the same extract. Conclusion: Given the wide distribution of Moracea trees in tropical regions, sensitization to latex of H. brasiliensis and banana could be a consequence of sensitization to Moracea members; F. benjamina does not seem to be the only Moracea responsible for cross-allergy with latex and fruit. Consequently, it seems interesting to test other members of the Moracea family in patients sensitized to latex of H. brasiliensis and banana. Sensitization to breadfruit could be a risk factor for sensitization to latex of H. brasiliensis.

La critique de la theorie psycho-descriptive de la signification entreprise par Husserl dans une serie de textes inedits de 1894 a 1900 est capitale : avant les Recherches logiques on y trouve deja les premices d’une autre theorie – phenomenologique – de la signification. A travers les objections a l’encontre de la reduction de la signification a un contenu de representation, ces textes tentent de se frayer un chemin entre l’analyse psycho-descriptive et l’objectivisme semantique, a partir de la distinction entre la teneur psychologique des actes et leur teneur logique. Il s’agit de penser la signification en relation avec les actes de la conscience, sans jamais l’assimiler a un contenu psychique reel afin de preserver son unite ideale.

Many methods have been described for control of bleeding from the liver. We have found that the technique of simply securing a 2 1/2 cm (1-in) Penrose drain as a tourniquet around the left or right lobe of the liver is a rapid and effective method of obtaining hemostasis. The tourniquet can be used to temporaily control bleeding so individual points can be secured, or tied down onto the liver and removed later. This method has been used without complications in five patients with severe liver trauma. Serial liver function studies obtained on all patients found no significant alterations in any.