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Stormwater harvesting via managed aquifer recharge in retrofitted infrastructure has been posited as a method for resource augmentation in Cape Town. However, the existing guidelines on stormwater retrofits are technically inclined, occidental, and generally misaligned with the realities and socio-economic contexts of developing nations like South Africa. Water and urban practitioners from developing nations cannot just 'copy and paste' existing guidelines as different socio-economic dimensions and colonial histories typically hinder 'traditional' approaches. This paper assesses how a transdisciplinary team navigated these realities in a case study of a retrofitted pond in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town. A decolonial thinking framework was applied for reflection and thematic content analysis. The framework was used to unpack how the team encountered, addressed, and learned from the challenges during the retrofit process. The research team found that the retrofit process within a context of under-resourced South African communities can be viewed as developmental work with a strong emphasis on continuous community engagement. Thus, it is suggested that in the South African context, water practitioners should consider, at the fore, interaction with local communities, including awareness of racialised histories, to ensure projects are successfully implemented and completed.

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary services marketing research and identify basic prerequisites for inter-disciplinary work in the field of services marketing, and to offer directions to services marketing scholars regarding future interdisciplinary research work. Design/methodology/approach Building on the available literature, the authors argue for the importance of interdisciplinary research in services marketing. The authors also develop a framework featuring “the key challenges impeding interdisciplinarity”, which need to be addressed to shift the services marketing field towards more sensible interdisciplinarity. Further, based on literature synthesis from different disciplines, they provide a framework with “four future research avenues for interdisciplinary research in services marketing”. Findings The authors identify five challenges that can likely impede services marketing research from progressing into true interdisciplinary work: limited cross-pollination, limited paradoxical thinking, limited conceptual development, limited cross-disciplinary collaboration and “inside–out” focus. The authors also propose four future research avenues to drive interdisciplinary research in the services marketing field: integration of services marketing and information management; linguistic perspectives in services marketing research; the interface between services marketing and medicine; and consumer personality and values in services marketing. Originality/value The authors propose two novel frameworks. The first concerns the key challenges of interdisciplinarity in services marketing research and the second provides avenues to drive future interdisciplinary services marketing research.

BackgroundConcern has been raised related to the rigor of DNP team projects due to the potential lack of individual opportunity for growth. However, team science, the scientific collaboration conducted by more than one individual in an interdependent fashion, is becoming standard practice for scientific inquiry and dissemination. DNP team projects provide an opportunity to demonstrate competencies related to collaboration, communication, organization, planning, reliability, accountability and acknowledgement of other opinions, expertise, and contributions. Faculty working with student teams may encounter challenges related to team dynamics and individual student evaluation. Thoughtful application of team science principles can assist in minimizing these challenges.MethodThe purpose of this paper is to describe two school’s combined experiences and lessons learned in application of team science to DNP team projects.ConclusionWhen undertaken with an informed and organized approach, DNP team projects are an ideal strategy to enhance collaborative skills and position nurse leaders to positively impact health outcomes.

Background: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Developing information systems which integrate clinical and genomic data may accelerate discoveries to improve cancer prevention, detection, and treatment. To support translational research in gastric cancer, we developed the Gastric Cancer Registry (GCR), a North American repository of clinical and cancer genomics data. Methods: Participants self-enrolled online. Entry criteria into the GCR included the following: (i) diagnosis of gastric cancer, (ii) history of gastric cancer in a first- or second-degree relative, or (iii) known germline mutation in the gene CDH1. Participants provided demographic and clinical information through a detailed survey. Some participants provided specimens of saliva and tumor samples. Tumor samples underwent exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing. Results: From 2011 to 2021, 567 individuals registered and returned the clinical questionnaire. For this cohort 65% had a personal history of gastric cancer, 36% reported a family history of gastric cancer, and 14% had a germline CDH1 mutation. 89 patients with gastric cancer provided tumor samples. For the initial study, 41 tumors were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. The data was analyzed for cancer mutations, copy-number variations, gene expression, microbiome, neoantigens, immune infiltrates, and other features. We developed a searchable, web-based interface (the GCR Genome Explorer) to enable researchers’ access to these datasets. Conclusions: The GCR is a unique, North American gastric cancer registry which integrates clinical and genomic annotation. Impact: Available for researchers through an open access, web-based explorer, the GCR Genome Explorer will accelerate collaborative gastric cancer research across the United States and world.

Los académicos de diferentes campos del conocimiento están de acuerdo en que el storytelling ha ganado especial relevancia en el contexto actual. Esto resulta evidente en la comunicación corporativa, donde se ha instaurado ya el término de storytelling corporativo, para hacer referencia a las historias que las empresas cuentan a sus diferentes grupos de interés (stakeholders). En este campo, se han encontrado diversas investigaciones académicas que desde diferentes enfoques y con distintas metodologías tratan de dar luces sobre la naturaleza, los alcances y las limitaciones del storytelling en el mundo de la empresa. Esta investigación presenta una revisión crítica de esta literatura académica y destaca que la ausencia de unidad conceptual y de aproximaciones metodológicas validadas por la comunidad científica han hecho del storytelling un tópico del que se escribe mucho, aunque sin ofrecer un conocimiento articulado o soluciones prácticas para su aplicación en el desarrollo de la estrategia de comunicación de la empresa. Scholars from different fields of knowledge agree that storytelling has gained particular relevance in the current context, as noted in Corporate Communication. The term "corporate storytelling" has already been coined to refer to the stories that companies tell their stakeholders. We have found several studies that try to shed light on the nature, scope, and limitations of storytelling in the corporate world from different approaches and methods. This research presents a critical review of this literature. It highlights that the absence of conceptual unity and methodological approaches validated by the scientific community has made storytelling a topic about which much has been written without offering articulated knowledge or practical solutions for its application to develop a company's communication strategy.

In this paper, we argue that the new demarcation problem does not need to be framed as the problem of defining a set of necessary and jointly sufficient criteria for distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable roles that non-epistemic values can play in science. We introduce an alternative way of framing the problem and defend an open-ended list of criteria that can be used in demarcation. Applying such criteria requires context-specific work that clarifies which principles should be used, and possibly leads to the identification of new principles – which then can be added to the open-ended list. We illustrate our approach by examining a context where distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable value influences in science is both needed and tricky: transdisciplinary research. publishedVersion

Shaping public research to enhance its societal contribution has become a key policy concern. Against this background, how research funding may stimulate the societal orientation of scientific research—or how funding is societally targeted—has been underexplored. This article proposes an exploratory approach to characterize societal targeting in individual researcher funding, based on four key societal targeting dimensions: interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, prioritized research problems and user-oriented outputs. All these targeting dimensions of funding can potentially shape both researchers’ research networks and practices towards societal goals. These dimensions can be identified in context by studying ex ante specifications of funding instruments, i.e. rules and conditions for funding provision to researchers. We illustrate the dimensions in various degrees using two real cases of national public research funding. This systematic perspective on funding instrument characteristics then can potentially improve research evaluation, by allowing assessment in more detail of which funding dimensions associate with particular kinds of research ultimately being undertaken.

The experience of collecting and systematizing scientific sources from different humanitarian fields, united by a common theme — values in the modern youth environment are described in the article. This content brings the article closer to the genre of an interdisciplinary bibliographic review. The practical task of the review is to prepare a bibliographic reference manual for publication. The selection of scientific publications was based on key axiological concepts, as well as on the idea of youth as a demographic and sociocultural group of people from 14 to 30 years old, on the way to becoming psychophysiological maturity and socialization. Conclusions of a theoretical nature are connected with the identification of general patterns of development of youth axiological issues: consideration of values within the framework of individual types (moral, political, religious, family, etc.); the predominance of works devoted to the study of the mutual influence of values and the sociocultural environment; the predominant interest of scientists in the study of spiritual, moral and socio-political values; the tendency of the last 5 years to highlight the values of communication and information as an independent object of axiological research. The practical task of compiling a bibliographic manual is solved in the form of determining the main principle of rubrication, which is the subject-thematic (typological) approach.

This study, based on bibliometrics (related to scientometrics) and science mapping, along with some sociological analytical insights, assesses contexts of the concept 'rural' in articles written by authors affiliated to JCEA (Journal of Central European Agriculture) member countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia (with addition of Austria because of geographical proximity and historical ties), using citation databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), and visualization software VOSviewer. Most papers are published outside the scope of agricultural production studies, clustered strongly in the fields of medicine, physical environment, social sciences, and ecological interactions. A small proportion of the reference to “rural” in agricultural science seems self-assumed in the general association of agricultural production with rural space. The papers mainly refer to geographical area, space or territory where interactions between specific social and natural processes take place. Topics tackling rural space as a societal form and arrangements, e.g. sustainable rural development and transformation, are the most recent. National and regional journals show strong recent presence but papers are also published in principal international journals. Co-author networking (countries / institutions / affiliations) indicates strong regional co-operation which is strongest in the immediate neighborhood. Co-authorship based on spatial proximity can be partly explained by less ambitious internationalization of research activities. Although publication patterns in both databases show similar traits, some database effect can be observed, also due to the inclusion of ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index) in 2015., Raziskava, temelječa na bibliometriji (sorodno scientometriji) in znanstvenem kartiranju, skupaj z nekaterimi sociološko-analitičnimi vpogledi preverja kontekst pojma 'podeželje' v člankih avtorjev, povezanih z državami članicami JCEA (Journal of Central European Agriculture): Bolgarija, Češka, Hrvaška, Madžarska, Poljska, Romunija, Srbija, Slovaška, Slovenija (in Avstrija zaradi zemljepisne bližine in zgodovinskih povezav), z uporabo citatnih baz podatkov Scopus in Web of Science (WoS) ter programske opreme za vizualizacijo VOSviewer. Večina prispevkov je objavljenih zunaj študij kmetijske proizvodnje, najbolj pa so prisotna področja medicine, fizičnega okolja, družboslovja in ekoloških interakcij. Majhen delež omembe pojma rural v kmetijski znanosti se zdi privzet ob splošni asociaciji kmetijske proizvodnje s podeželskim prostorom. Prispevki se nanašajo predvsem na geografsko območje, prostor ali ozemlje, kjer potekajo medsebojni vplivi med specifičnimi družbenimi in naravnimi procesi. Obravnave, ki se lotevajo podeželskega prostora kot družbene forme in ureditve, npr. trajnostni razvoj in preoblikovanje podeželja, so najnovejše. Nacionalne in regionalne revije kažejo močno prisotnost objavljanja v zadnjem času, dela pa so objavljena tudi v uglednih mednarodnih revijah. Vendar pa soavtorstvo (držav / institucij / naslovov) kaže na zelo močno regionalno sodelovanje, ki je najmočnejše v neposredni soseščini. Soavtorstvo, ki temelji na neposredni prostorski bližini, je mogoče delno razložiti z manj ambiciozno internacionalizacijo raziskovalnih dejavnosti. Čeprav vzorci objavljanja kažejo podobne lastnosti v obeh bazah podatkov, je mogoče opaziti učinek baze podatkov, tudi zaradi nedavne vključitve WoS ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

This article presents biblical exegesis and parallel synthetic thematic analysis comparing the transformative journeys of Saint Paul and doctoral researchers concluding the religious conversion of Saint Paul of Tarsus and the identity-transforming journey a student undergoes from burgeoning researcher to doctoral scholar represent parallel homologous ipseitic metanoias where both Saint Paul and doctoral researchers experience paradigmatic identity transfigurations on their respective journeys to knowledge and enlightenment.

Статья посвящена исследованию творчества екатеринбургской наивной художницы Александры Иосифовны Уткиной как аудиовизуального нарратива, где изображение и сопровождающий его авторский литературный комментарий существуют в едином, неотделимом друг от друга художественном пространстве. Литературный комментарий А. И. Уткиной включает устный автобиографический рассказ, а также авторскую поэзию. Он содержит различные подробности, смыслы и значения, которые, чаще всего, находятся за границей зрительского восприятия наивного искусства. Анализ междисциплинарных теорий, посвященных проблематике взаимодействия слова и изображения в искусстве, показал, что в качестве инструмента исследования аудиовизуального пространства творчества А. И. Уткиной предпочтительно использовать нарративный анализ. Этот метод соответствует специфике ее художественных изображений, имеющих нарративную природу. Он позволяет изучать наивное творчество А. И. Уткиной как текст, вскрыть структуру «слова», провести сюжетный анализ, который неразрывно связан с сюжетной логикой ее станковых произведений. Анализируя творчество А. И. Уткиной как аудиовизуальное нарративное пространство, автор статьи делает вывод, что литературный комментарий художницы существует как осмысленная структура, имеющая свою внутреннюю логику, фабулу и сюжет, применимые к ее станковому искусству в целом. Также, наивное искусство, объединенное единой внутренней логикой, осуществляет и терапевтическую функцию: художница не только актуализирует время своей личной истории, но и переводит ее в новый, осознанный заново, пласт личного бытия., The article represents the study of the work by a Yekaterinburg naive artist Alexandra Iosifovna Utkina. The main attraction of the paper is an audiovisual narrative space, where the image and the accompanying author's literary commentary exist in the holistic artistic space. The literary commentary by A. I. Utkina includes an oral autobiographical story, as well as the author's poetry. They accompany the artist's works with various details, meanings, and values, which are often hidden from the viewer. The analysis of interdisciplinary theories, which are devoted to the interaction of the word and the image in the art, has shown that it is preferable to apply the narrative analysis to the creativity of A. I. Utkina. This method organically corresponds to the specifics of her pieces of art, which have narrative nature. The narrative analysis allowed us to explore the naïve art of A. I. Utkina as the text, dive into “the word” structure, analyze the plot, which is related to the internal logic of her easel works. The author concluded that A. I. Utkina’s literary commentary exists as a meaningful structure that has its own internal logic, storyline, and plot which are applicable to her easel art. Also, the naive art of A. I. Utkina, united by a holistic internal logic, also performs a therapeutic function. Not only does the artist actualize the time of her personal history in the present time “here-and-now”, but she also attributes her work with a new meaning that places personal history into a new plane of her life.

Urbanization processes are accompanied by growing global challenges for food systems. Urban actors are increasingly striving to address these challenges through a focus on sustainable diets. However, transforming food systems towards more sustainable diets is challenging and it is unclear what the local scope of action might be. Co-production of knowledge between science and non-science is particularly useful for analysing context-specific solutions and promise to result in more robust socio-economic, political and technical solutions. Thus, this paper aims to integrate different types and sources of knowledge to understand urban food systems transformation towards a more sustainable diet in Vienna; and, second, to analyse and reflect on the difficulties and ways forward to integrate diverse actors’ perspectives, multiple methods and epistemologies. We created different future scenarios that illustrate the synergies and trade-offs of various bundles of measures and the interactions among single dimensions of sustainable diets. These scenarios show that there is plenty of scope for local action, but co-ordination across diverse groups, interests, and types of knowledge is necessary to overcome lock-ins.

A key aspect of institutions for conflict resolution is their legitimacy. What legitimacy entails, however, is essentially contested and depends in part on whether one takes a legal, normative, or social perspective. The current special issue aims to gain a better understanding of legitimacy within the context of institutions for conflict resolution by examining (1) whether and, if so, how studying institutions for conflict resolution through the lens of legitimacy can deepen our understanding of these institutions, and (2) whether and, if so, how studying legitimacy in the specific context of institutions for conflict resolution can enrich our understanding of legitimacy. After introducing the term ‘institutions for conflict resolution’ and detailing current approaches to legitimacy, this Introduction assesses what the potential cross-fertilisation between both concepts may look like. We do so based on the papers included in this special issue, which showcase the diversity of ways in which legitimacy of institutions for conflict resolution may be researched, as they focus on different types of conflicts that take place within different fields of law and involve different kinds of institutions. Finally, we take stock of the insights yielded by the papers included in this issue, and reflect on directions for further research on legitimacy, institutions for conflict resolution, and their cross-fertilisation.

На основе статистических методов исследования публикаций, размещенных в Научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU, делается вывод о значении научных школ для ведения исследовательской деятельности в областях естественных, технических, медицинских, сельскохозяйственных и социально-гуманитарных наук. Единое представление о научной школе, точных границах ее персонального состава в профессиональных сообществах отсутствует. Выявлена закономерность: если объектом изучения является человек как общественная единица (для социальных и гуманитарных наук), число упоминаний научных школ в публикациях по соответствующей тематике существенно больше по сравнению с естественными, техническими, медицинскими или сельскохозяйственными науками. В социальных и гуманитарных исследованиях, объектом которых выступают сложные саморегулирующиеся системы, отличающиеся свойством низкой предсказуемости состояния и затруднительностью прогнозов действия элементов (поведения людей), авторитет научных школ и их основателей служит фундаментом развития теоретических положений и инструментом передачи неявного знания (жизненного опыта). Сложившийся авторитет группы личностей, их общее мнение воспринимается как достоверная и объективная информация о состоянии социальной системы. Отмечается существование риска переоценки значения выводов о роли научных школ для научных специальностей и их групп, сделанных на основе использования статистического метода; этот риск иллюстрируется на примере юридических специальностей. Среди юридических исследований термин «научная школа» наиболее часто встречается в работах по истории государства и права, что свидетельствует о близости этой области знания к историческим наукам. К работе научных коллективов должны привлекаться специалисты-практики, работа которых способствует повышению степени достоверности результатов исследования, повышает практическую значимость и доступность для потребителя научной продукции. Существующий разрыв между российской наукой и практикой может быть преодолен за счет создания смешанных научных коллективов., On the basis of statistical methods for researching publications posted in the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, a conclusion is made about the importance of scientific schools for conducting research activities in the fields of natural, technical, medical, agricultural, social and humanitarian sciences. There is no common idea about the scientific school, the exact boundaries of its personal composition in professional communities. The authors revealed the following regularity: if the object of study is a person as a social unit (for social and human sciences), the number of references to scientific schools in publications on the relevant topics is significantly greater compared to natural, technical, medical or agricultural sciences. In social and humanitarian studies, the object of which involves complex self-regulating systems, characterized by the property of low predictability of the state and the difficulty of predicting the action of elements (people’s behavior), the authority of scientific schools and their founders serves as the foundation for the development of the theoretical provisions and a tool for transferring implicit knowledge (life experience). The established authority of a group of individuals, their common opinion, is perceived as reliable and objective information about the state of the social system. It is noted that there is a risk of overestimating the significance of conclusions about the role of scientific schools for scientific specialties and their groups made on the basis of the use of the statistical method; this risk is illustrated by the example of legal specialties. Among legal studies, the term “scientific school” is most often found in works on the history of state and law, which indicates the affinity of this area of knowledge to the historical sciences. Practitioners should be involved in the work of scientific teams, whose work contributes to an increase in the degree of reliability of the research results, increases the practical significance and accessibility of scientific products to the consumer. The existing gap between Russian science and practice can be overcome by creating mixed research teams.

The public health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing the public health and medical response to the pandemic. However, early in the pandemic, those working in frontline public health and clinical care had insufficient time to parse the rapidly evolving evidence and use it for decision-making. Academics in public health and medicine were well-placed to translate the evidence for use by frontline clinicians and public health practitioners. The Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), a group of >60 faculty and trainees across the United States, formed in March 2020 with the goal to quickly triage and review the large volume of preprints and peer-reviewed publications on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and summarize the most important, novel evidence to inform pandemic response. From April 6 through December 31, 2020, NCRC teams screened 54 192 peer-reviewed articles and preprints, of which 527 were selected for review and uploaded to the NCRC website for public consumption. Most articles were peer-reviewed publications (n = 395, 75.0%), published in 102 journals; 25.1% (n = 132) of articles reviewed were preprints. The NCRC is a successful model of how academics translate scientific knowledge for practitioners and help build capacity for this work among students. This approach could be used for health problems beyond COVID-19, but the effort is resource intensive and may not be sustainable in the long term.

The article summarizes the results of the Fourth All-Russian (national) research conference “History, Economy, and Culture of the Medieval Turkic-Tatar States of Western Siberia”. It took place in the city of Kurgan on October 30, 2020. The conference was held on the Zoom platform due to the current epidemic situation. From various regions of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, 34 researchers took part in it. The reports were chronologically and thematically divided into the following areas: the issues of the historiography and source studies of the political and ethnic history of the Siberian states; the Tyumen Khanate and its heritage, the Siberian Khanate and its neighbors; and Western Siberia from the end of the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries: politics, population, and culture. The speakers summed up and set new prospects for research on the problems of archaeological and historical source studies related to Siberian statehood, the ethno-social and political history of the Tyumen and Siberian yurts, and issues of political relations of late medieval Siberian states with their neighbors including the Muscovite state and the Bukhara Khanate. In the latter case, it was proposed to consider these relations in the context of larger geopolitical realities in Eurasia in the sixteenth century. Special attention was paid to the discussion of Tatar-Ugric relations which continue to be a promising research area. The problems and chronology of the entry of the Turkic-Tatar and Ugric peoples of Western Siberia into the Russian state were discussed as well. Further ways of studying the problems of the history, economy, and culture of the medieval Turkic-Tatar states of Western Siberia were considered for the preparation of the next conference in Kurgan in 2023. Using the possibilities of interdisciplinary research by specialists in the field of history, archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, and genetics is of great importance in determining the prospects for further research. Taking into account the limited written base of sources on the history of Western Siberia of the late Middle Ages and early modern period, interdisciplinarity and a combined approach can solve some controversial issues and problems, as well as provide us with new potential opportunities to study the history of the Tyumen and Siberian Khanate.

De flesta skolämnen har på universitetsnivån en moderdisciplin som värnar om forskningen i ämnets substansfrågor. Slöjd är ett skolämne som saknar en motsvarande moderdisciplin. Till exempel i Finland är slöjd ett eget vetenskaps­område, men placerat inom de pedagogiska vetenskaperna. Slöjd är dock ett mångfasetterat fenomen som behöver studeras i hela sin bredd för att utvecklas, inte enbart som ett skolämne. Syftet med denna artikel är att diskutera behovet av och utmaningar med forskning på bredden, d.v.s. forskning som tar fasta på både slöjdens kärna, den skapande processen och andra slöjdperspektiv. I artikeln diskuteras problematiken på ett teoretiskt allmänt plan. Den teoretiska diskussionen konkretiseras med tre utexaminerade masters reflektioner kring planeringen och genom­förandet av en masteruppsats på bredden av vetenskapsområdet, d.v.s. forsk­ning som inkluderar både en egen skapande process och pedago­gisk/didaktiska perspektiv. Hensikten med artikkelen er å diskutere behov og utfordringer med forskning på bredden innen et fagpedagogisk område. Artikkelen setter søkelyset på forskning innen sløydvitenskap som er et akademisk fag innen det pedagogiske vitenskapsområdet i Finland. Artikkelen diskuterer problematikken på et teoretisk generelt nivå og konkretiserer diskusjonen men et innblikk i hvordan tre masterstudenter tenker om sine masteroppgaven som er eksempel på forskning på bredden av vitenskapsområdet.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for later-life dementia. Clinical and pre-clinical studies have elucidated multiple mechanisms through which TBI may influence or exacerbate multiple pathological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD). The National Institutes of Health hosts triennial ADRD Summits to inform a national research agenda, and the 2019 ADRD Summit was the first to highlight "TBI and AD/ADRD Risk" as an emerging topic in the field. A multidisciplinary committee of TBI researchers with relevant expertise reviewed extant literature, identified research gaps and opportunities, and proposed draft research recommendations at the 2019 ADRD Summit. These research recommendations, further refined after broad stakeholder input at the Summit, cover four overall areas: 1) Encourage crosstalk and interdisciplinary collaboration between TBI and dementia researchers; 2) Establish infrastructure to study TBI as a risk factor for AD/ADRD; 3) Promote basic and clinical research examining the development and progression of TBI AD/ADRD neuropathologies and associated clinical symptoms; and 4) Characterize the clinical phenotype of progressive dementia associated with TBI and develop non-invasive diagnostic approaches. These recommendations recognize a need to strengthen communication and build frameworks to connect the complexity of TBI with rapidly evolving AD/ADRD research. Recommendations acknowledge TBI as a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease whose associations with AD/ADRDs remain incompletely understood. The recommendations highlight the scientific advantage of investigating AD/ADRD in the context of a known TBI exposure, the study of which can directly inform on disease mechanisms and treatment targets for AD/ADRDs with shared common pathways.

Understanding the role of space in infectious diseases' dynamics in urban contexts is key to developing effective mitigation strategies. Urbanism, a discipline that both studies and acts upon the city, commonly uses drawings to analyze spatial patterns and their variables. This paper revisits drawings as analytical and integrative tools for interdisciplinary research. We introduce the use of drawings in two interdisciplinary projects conducted in the field of global public health: first, a study about the heterogeneous burden of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in Lima, Peru, and second, a study about urban malaria in Jimma, Ethiopia. In both cases, drawings such as maps, plans, and sections were used to analyze spatial factors present in the urban context at different scales: from the scale of the territory, the city, and the district, to the neighborhood and the household. We discuss the methodological approaches taken in both cases, considering the nature of the diseases being investigated as well as the natural and social context in which the studies took place. We contend that the use of drawings helps to reimagine space in public health research by adding a multidimensional perspective to spatial variables and contexts. The processes and products of drawing can help to (a) identify systemic relations within the spatial context, (b) facilitate integration of quantitative and qualitative data, and (c) guide the formulation of policy recommendations, informing public and urban health planning.

Technological advances in a variety of scientific disciplines are being applied in the life sciences leading to an increase in the number scientists who see themselves or are classed as being multidisciplinary. Although their diverse skills are celebrated and needed to understand the immense complexity of life, being a multidisciplinary researcher can pose unique challenges. We asked multidisciplinary researchers and the director of an institute that fosters multidisciplinary research for their thoughts on what they see as the challenges or obstacles that multidisciplinary scientists can often face.

COVID-19 has had an extreme effect on older people. Now more than ever we need collaborative approaches to address complex issues within research on aging. However, the pandemic has dramatically changed the way we conduct, interact, and organize research within interdisciplinary groups. This paper describes a case study of how an interdisciplinary institute for research on aging has managed the process of change during COVID-19 restrictions. A design lead, researcher centered approach was used to understand the needs of researchers as they adapted across 6 months. Firstly, an online survey (n=51) was conducted to understand the scope of change and needs. The survey found broad themes ranging from assistance with finding additional funding to adjusting current research proposals. Following the survey, two Co-Design Sessions were conducted. The first session (n=53) diverged thinking to scope ideas from the survey and actionable themes were created. The second session (n=36) was conducted to converge thinking and focus on solutions based on one of these themes. The results revealed a diversity of ideas addressing the needs of interdisciplinary researchers in aging. These ideas spanned from exploring the capacity to do research remotely and creating virtual collaboration spaces to rethinking stakeholder engagement. Received: 1 July 2021Accepted: 12 October 2021

In this intervention I make two main suggestions to humanize refugee research. First, the tendency to select “research hotspots” as field sites—where researchers tend to approach the same interviewees and spaces—should not only be called out and avoided, but battled against. Second, I suggest that refugee research should collaborate directly with other studies of social, political, and economic phenomena in an effort to not make displacement the sine qua non condition for doing research but, instead, only one of the many conditions a human being can inhabit within receiving societies. Pursuing this aim will be easier when studies on forced migration do not become compartmentalized and develop in isolation from other disciplines and research groups., Dans cette intervention, je fais deux suggestions principales pour humaniser la recherche sur les réfugiés. Premièrement, la tendance à choisir des points comme terrains de recherche - où les chercheur.es approchent souvent les mêmes répondant.es et les mêmes espaces - doit être non seulement dénoncée et évitée, mais aussi combattue. Deuxièmement, je suggère que la recherche sur les réfugiés devrait s’effectuer en collaboration directe avec d’autres champs d’études portant sur des phénomènes sociaux, politiques et économiques afin d’éviter de faire du déplacement la condition sine qua non de la recherche, mais plutôt l’une des nombreuses conditions qu’un être humain peut vivre au sein des sociétés d’accueil. La poursuite de cet objectif sera plus facile si les études sur la migration forcée ne se compartimentent pas et ne se développent pas en vase clos par rapport aux autres disciplines et groupes de recherche.

Horticultural crops mainly include fruits, vegetables, ornamental trees and flowers, and tea trees (Melaleuca alternifolia). They produce a variety of nutrients for the daily human diet in addition to the nutrition provided by staple crops, and some of them additionally possess ornamental and medicinal features. As such, horticultural crops make unique and important contributions to both food security and a colorful lifestyle. Under the current climate change scenario, the growing population and limited arable land means that agriculture, and especially horticulture, has been facing unprecedented challenges to meet the diverse demands of human daily life. Breeding horticultural crops with high quality and adaptability and establishing an effective system that combines cultivation, post-harvest handling, and sales becomes increasingly imperative for horticultural production. This review discusses characteristic and recent research highlights in horticultural crops, focusing on the breeding of quality traits and the mechanisms that underpin them. It additionally addresses challenges and potential solutions in horticultural production and post-harvest practices. Finally, we provide a prospective as to how emerging technologies can be implemented alongside interdisciplinary basic research to enhance our understanding and exploitation of horticultural crops.

As the state has become more susceptible to global pathologies, public policy scholars have found increasingly common ground with their IPE cousins. The development of these relatively young fields of study – increasingly they are sub-disciplines – has been commensurate but rarely intersecting. Yet contemporary maelstroms of global politics, economics, health, and security, span borders with ease, and increasingly force us to recognise, reconsider, and reconceptualise the overlapping realms of the national and international. In so doing, we must overcome the disciplinary distinctions. In this article, we traverse the prominent in-built disciplinary imperatives and methodologies that have kept these two disciplines from concerted inter-operability or, at least, interchange of theories and concepts. To do so, we begin by presenting a brief overview of the conceptual pedigrees and trajectories of these disciplines, before drawing attention to the prominent prevailing overlaps, ‘trespasses’ and tensions as they specifically relate to policy convergence and diffusion, and policy transfer. We proceed to specify a reconciliation of these tensions through, in the third section, a brief study of the growth of global administrations, administrators, and administrative spaces. This, we contend, stands as a paradigm case of how reconciled IPE/public policy concepts can produce enhanced theoretical and substantive insights into the transnationalising political world.

Interdisciplinary research figures high on today’s policy agendas. This short introduction and overview sketches the complexity of defining and mapping the nature of interdisciplinary research (IDR). The paper focuses on the different approaches to IDR and different methods applied in bibliometric studies that allow measuring it. These methods should not only be able to capture quantitative aspects of IDR but also to monitor evolutionary aspects and help answer the question of whether IDR stimulates collaboration and results in larger impact and visibility. Two specific indicators, variety and disparity, are developed, validated and applied to bibliometric data. They enable the visualization of the interdisciplinary nature of research activities at various levels of analysis (both institutional and individual). And, given the longitudinal character of bibliometric data and databases, both indicators allow for mapping time-dependent phenomena and evolutions. Relevant examples based on the literature and recent results from research conducted at the Leuven bibliometrics group of ECOOM (e.g., Glanzel et al., Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics, 453–464, 2021; Huang et al., Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics, 533–538, 2021) are given, and concrete proposals for future research are articulated.

Ecosystem is a fundamental organizational unit of the biosphere in which biological communities interact with their non-biological environment through energy flows and material cycles. Ecosystem science is the study of patterns, processes, and services of ecosystems. Since the 1990s, rising concerns regarding global climate change, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and sustainability of the human-dominated biosphere have stimulated the growth of ecosystem science, which is expected to provide systematic solutions to many of these major issues facing human societies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current progress in ecosystem science and identifies some key research challenges facing this discipline. We demonstrate that a key feature of the current progress in ecosystem science is its evolution from primarily theoretical explorations toward more systematic, integrative and application-oriented studies. Specifically, five major changes in the discipline over the past several decades can be identified. These include: (1) the expansion of the primary goal from understanding nature to include human activities; (2) the broadening of the research focus from single ecosystem types to macro-ecosystems comprising multiple regional ecosystems; (3) the shifting of research methods from small-scale observations and experiments to large-scale observations, network experiments, and model simulations; (4) the increasing attention to comprehensive integration of ecosystem components, processes, and scales; and (5) the shifting from a primarily biology-oriented focus to an integrated multi-disciplinary scientific field. While ecosystem science still faces many challenges in the future, these directional changes, along with the rapidly enriched research tools and data acquisition capabilities, lay a promising ground for the discipline’s future as a fundamental scientific basis for solving many environmental challenges facing human societies.

PURPOSE: This paper aims to explain and present research conditions in the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach of researching security sciences., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The desire for a holistic explanation of research problems urges the researchers to conduct transdisciplinary research. Such an approach does not exclude carrying out monodisciplinary research. Still, the interdependence of research sub-jects and overlapping of cognitive areas of many disciplines make it necessary to perceive and conduct research to explain research problems from a holistic perspective. In the research process, the qualitative research strategy was used, including researching the content of the literature on the subject, dialectics, and constant comparison., FINDINGS: Originally, conducting research was monodisciplinary and constituted the unquestionable ontological, epistemological, and axiological assumptions of the scientific disciplines emerging at that time. Still, it is more and more justified to research a holistic approach because it broadens the knowledge and results., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Due to the widening cognitive scope of scientific disciplines and situating the research subject on the borderline of many of them and entering the research subject into interactions with other research subjects, the necessity of researching the borderline of two or more disciplines is more and more frequently observed. It gives the research an interdisciplinary character., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: In the security sciences, where security systems are researched, one cannot conclude their entirety based on a single subsystem or element. Hence, it is well-founded to perform research from an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective to holistically consider and explain complex security problems., The article was co-financed by the NCBR project DOB-BIO9/ 26/04/2018 Controlling an autonomous drone using goggles., peer-reviewed

Synopsis Robustness and resilience are widely used in the biological sciences and related disciplines to describe how systems respond to change. Robustness is the ability to tolerate change without adapting or moving to another state. Resilience refers to the ability for a system to sustain a perturbation and maintain critical functions. Robustness and resilience transcend levels of biological organization, though they do not scale directly across levels. We live in an era of novel stressors and unprecedented change, including climate change, emerging environmental contaminants, and changes to the Earth's biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. We envision a common framework for developing models to predict the robustness and resilience of biological functions associated with complex systems that can transcend disciplinary boundaries. Conceptual and quantitative models of robustness and resilience must consider cross-scale interactions of potentially infinite complexity, but it is impossible to capture everything within a single model. Here, we discuss the need to balance accuracy and complexity when designing models, data collection, and downstream analyses to study robustness and resilience. We also consider the difficulties in defining the spatiotemporal domain when studying robustness and resilience as an emergent property of a complex system. We suggest a framework for implementing transdisciplinary research on robustness and resilience of biological systems that draws on participatory stakeholder engagement methods from the fields of conservation and natural resources management. Further, we suggest that a common, simplified model development framework for describing complex biological systems will provide new, broadly relevant educational tools. Efficient interdisciplinary collaboration to accurately develop a model of robustness and resilience would enable rapid, context-specific assessment of complex biological systems with benefits for a broad range of societally relevant problems.

Resumen El presente artículo se redactó con resultados obtenidos de la investigación: El CONACYT como organismo rector de las capacidades de Estado en la relación de la ciencia con el sector educativo (Ramírez Díaz, 2020a) que analiza el impacto de la instrumentación de la política científica en la conformación del campo disciplinar educativo en México. El tema revisado en este trabajo relaciona el desarrollo de las disciplinas vinculadas a la educación con los eventos de institucionalización de la educación a distancia. Su objetivo es profundizar en la complejidad del proceso formativo de especialistas de educación a distancia para optimizarlo. El método de investigación se basó en la historiografía y entrevistas a estudiantado egresado de posgrados en educación, los resultados permitieron esbozar límites teóricos a la formación de comunidades académicas especializadas, en las cuales existe un puente entre las demandas sociales y económicas a nivel macro con los procesos regulatorios y la cultura académica de los grupos de formación. Para establecer la relación se hizo uso de la teoría sobre los “social framework”. Se reconoció, como limitante, la imposibilidad de situar resultados en forma empírica y dentro de un contexto específico que permitiera caracterizar la manera en la cual operan los “social framework” en los grupos académicos. El trabajo arrojó información teórica para realizar investigación empírica sobre la formación especializada y estableció los campos genéricos de la constitución de comunidades de investigación especializada. Abstract This article was written with results obtained from the research titled CONACYT as a governing body of the state capacities in the relationship of science with the education sector (Ramírez Díaz, 2020a). The article analyzes the impact of the implementation of science policy on the formation of the disciplinary education field in Mexico. The theme reviewed in this paper relates the development of disciplines associated with education to institutionalization events of distance education; its objective is to deepen the complexity in the training process of distance education specialists to optimize it. The research method was based on historiography and interviews with postgraduates in education. The results allowed outlining theoretical limits to the formation of specialized academic communities, in which there is a bridge between social and economic demands at the macro level with regulatory processes and the academic culture of the formation groups. The theory of “Social Framework” was used to establish the relationship. The impossibility of placing results empirically and within a specific context that allows us to characterize how “Social Frameworks” operate in academic groups is recognized as limiting. The work produced theoretical information to conduct empirical research on specialized training and established generic fields of the constitution of specialized research communities. Resumo Este artigo foi escrito com resultados obtidos com a pesquisa: CONACYT como órgão governamental das capacidades do Estado na relação da ciência com o setor educacional (Ramírez Díaz, 2020a) que analisa o impacto da implementação da política científica na formação do campo: educação disciplinar no México. O tema revisto neste trabalho relaciona o desenvolvimento de disciplinas que involucra à educação com os eventos de institucionalização da educação a distância. Seu objetivo é aprofundar a complexidade do processo de formação de especialistas em educação a distância para otimizá-lo. O método de pesquisa foi historiográfico e entrevistas com pós-graduandos em educação. Os resultados permitiram traçar limites teóricos para a formação de comunidades acadêmicas especializadas, nas quais existe uma ponte entre as demandas sociais e econômicas no nível macro com os processos regulatórios e a cultura acadêmica dos grupos de treinamento Para estabelecer o relacionamento, foi utilizada a teoria do “Marco Social”. A impossibilidade de colocar os resultados empiricamente e dentro de um contexto específico que permitisse caracterizar o modo como o Quadro Social opera em grupos acadêmicos foi reconhecida como uma limitante. O trabalho produziu informações teóricas para realizar pesquisas empíricas sobre treinamento especializado e estabeleceu os campos genéricos da constituição de comunidades especializadas em pesquisa.

This archive contains bibliographic metadata and content analysis categories used in the project and related paper.

A few years ago, a leading academic figure in my field shared, generously, insights into the ways in which the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) regarded research. We should not, she noted severely, behave like butterflies, flitting from one topic to another. The NRF wanted research coherence, proficiency in a field, persistence in establishing authority as specialists. Current NRF guidance on research ratings continues to note that ‘unfocussed / opportunistic research’ is not desirable and will lead to poor ratings or no ratings. As a card-carrying contrarian, I argue that the obsession with coherence has led, and continues to lead, to bad effects: narrowness of focus, failure of interdisciplinary research, a failure to use the archive constructively, and a failure to respond to new challenges timeously. I want to justify the butterfly.

Agricultural and environmental monitoring programs often require labor-intensive inputs and substantial costs to manually gather data from remote field locations. Recent advances in the Internet of Things enable the construction of wireless sensor systems to automate these remote monitoring efforts. This paper presents the design of a modular system to serve as a research platform for outdoor sensor development and deployment. The advantages of this system include low power consumption (enabling solar charging), the use of commercially available electronic parts for lower-cost and scaled up deployments, and the flexibility to include internal electronics and external sensors, allowing novel applications. In addition to tracking environmental parameters, the modularity of this system brings the capability to measure other non-traditional elements. This capability is demonstrated with two different agri- and aquacultural field applications: tracking moth phenology and monitoring bivalve gaping. Collection of these signals in conjunction with environmental parameters could provide a holistic and context-aware data analysis. Preliminary experiments generated promising results, demonstrating the reliability of the system. Idle power consumption of 27.2 mW and 16.6 mW for the moth- and bivalve-tracking systems, respectively, coupled with 2.5 W solar cells allows for indefinite deployment in remote locations.

Background Little attention has been given to the process of implementing or evaluating a structured academic–clinician (university–health service) research capacity-building (RCB) model within healthcare settings. We have developed a model for collaborative multidisciplinary practice–research partnerships called the Research Ready Grant Program (RRGP). The RRGP is informed by Cooke’s (BMC Fam Pract 6:44, 2005) RCB framework and principles. The aim of the study outlined in this protocol is to conduct a process and outcome evaluation of the programme. We will explore how the RRGP's structured mentor model contributes to RCB of clinician-led multidisciplinary research teams. We will identify key factors at the organization, team and individual levels that affect research capacity of health professionals working in one regional health service district. This protocol describes the RRGP design and outlines the methods we will employ to evaluate an RCB programme, the RRGP, delivered in a regional health service in Australia. Methods The study will adopt an exploratory concurrent mixed-methods approach designed to evaluate the process of implementing an RCB model across one regional hospital and health service. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods over a 12-month period will be implemented. Data triangulation will be applied to capture the complex issues associated with implementing collaborative multidisciplinary practice–research partnerships. Discussion The RRGP is an innovative RCB model for clinicians in their workplace. It is expected that the programme will facilitate a culture of collaborative multidisciplinary research and strengthen hospital–university partnerships.

This paper explores the chemistry of mercury as described in ancient alchemical literature. Alchemy’s focuson the knowledge and manipulation of natural substances is not so different from modern chemistry’spurposes. The great divide between the two is marked by the way of conceptualizing and recording theirpractices. Our interdisciplinary research group, composed of chemists and historians of science, has set offto explore the cold and hot extraction of mercury from cinnabar. The ancient written records have beenperused in order to devise laboratory experiments that could shed light on the material reality behind thealchemical narratives and interpret textual details in a unique perspective. In this way, it became possible totranslate the technical lore of ancient alchemy into the modern language of chemistry. Thanks to thereplication of alchemical practices, chemistry can regain its centuries-long history that has fallen intooblivion.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element to all living beings but also a finite resource. P-related problems center around broken P cycles from local to global scales. This paper presents outcomes from the 9th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW9) held 2019 on how to move towards a sustainable P management. It is based on two sequential discussion rounds with all participants. Important progress was reported regarding the awareness of P as finite mineable resource, technologies to recycle P, and legislation towards a circular P economy. Yet, critical deficits were identified such as how to handle legacy P, how climate change may affect ecosystem P cycling, or working business models to up-scale existing recycling models. Workshop participants argued for more transdisciplinary networks to narrow a perceived sciencepractice/policy gap. While this gap may be smaller in reality as illustrated with a Swiss example, we formulate recommendations how to bridge this gap more effectively., Ambio, 15, ISSN:0044-7447, ISSN:1654-7209

Tourism academics are organized like a very small community that interacts within this small group so that its scientific advances are not imported by other disciplines, the so-called tribes defined by Tribe [Tribe, J. (2006). The truth about tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 360-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.11.001]. The discussion usually ends with the rankings of authors and journals that also contribute to funnelling out knowledge. This research attempts to understand the gaps of tourism research to draw in trends that should be emphasized in and out of tourism community. Based upon a collection of 63,176 papers that is all the papers published in Scopus journals, social network analysis is applied to unveil countries, journals, and authors' expertise as well as convergence points in academia through the content analysis of keywords, scientific areas, affiliated countries and journals. The findings contribute as a guide for scholars and to the discussion of the gaps of tourism whether it be as a trans- or interdisciplinary approach. The full picture that this paper allows to have about tourism research also represents a critical analysis about its evolution since its very beginning emphasizing its weakness and strengths. The study ends with a few suggestions to raise the interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinary nature of tourism research. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Thematic cooperative health research networks (RETICS) are organizational structures promoted by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of the Spanish Ministry of Science with the objective of carrying out cooperative research projects addressing challenges of general interest for society as a whole in the field of health care. The RETICS of Asthma, Adverse Drug Reactions, and Allergy (ARADyAL) received funding in 2016 for a 5-year program (2017-2021). ARADyAL integrates basic and clinical research in the areas of allergy, immunology, genetics, nanomedicine, pharmacology, and chemistry, with special interest in research on new biomarkers and the design and evaluation of new interventions for allergic patients with severe phenotypes. The consortium comprises 28 groups across Spain, including 171 clinical and basic researchers, 17 clinical groups that cover more than 10 000 000 patients of all ages from urban and rural areas and 11 basic groups active mostly at universities and research institutes. ARADyAL has proposed a research program organized into 3 different areas focusing on precision medicine, as follows: Program 1, Mechanisms and prediction of adverse drug reactions and allergic diseases; Program 2, Toward a precise diagnosis of allergic diseases; and Program 3, Predicting interventions in allergic diseases. There is also 1 common program dedicated to training. The network has a Steering Committee and an External Advisory Scientific Committee, which advise the global network coordinator, who has recognized expertise in the field. ARADyAL is a unique meeting point for clinicians and basic scientists who are already working in allergy.

Teamwork is one of the most prominent features in modern science. It is now well understood that team size is an important factor that affects the creativity of the team. However, the crucial question of how the character of research studies is related to the freshness of a team remains unclear. Here, we quantify the team freshness according to the absence of prior collaboration among team members. Our results suggest that papers produced by fresher teams are associated with greater originality and a greater multidisciplinary impact. These effects are even stronger in larger teams. Furthermore, we find that freshness defined by new team members in a paper is a more effective indicator of research originality and multidisciplinarity compared with freshness defined by new collaboration relationships among team members. Finally, we show that the career freshness of team members is also positively correlated with the originality and multidisciplinarity of produced papers. Havlin and colleagues quantify the freshness of a scientific team as the absence of prior collaboration among members. Papers of fresher teams are associated with higher originality and more multidisciplinary impact, with a stronger relationship among larger teams.

Gesamtgesellschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse wie die Energiewende rufen nach der Einbindung möglichst vieler unterschiedlicher gesellschaftlicher Akteure im ganzen Land. Inter- und transdisziplinäre Großprojekte zur Erforschung und Unterstützung einer derart weit gefassten Aufgabe stoßen dabei an ihre Grenzen, wie die Erfahrung des Kopernikus-Projekts Energiewende-Navigationssystem (ENavi) zeigt.This design report reflects the inter- and transdisciplinary cooperation challenges of a large-scale research project that was lacking a designated problem and project constitution phase. Using the example of the Kopernikus project Energy Transition Navigation System (ENavi), we describe the challenges ‐ the high number and strong heterogeneity of the project participants combined with the large size of the spatial frame of reference ‐ which created particularly difficult conditions for inter- and transdisciplinary cooperation. We also highlight the role that funding conditions played in this situation. Specifically, we explain the particular challenges that the ENavi project faced in its efforts to achieve a common orientation, integration, and practice-actor participation as fundamental requirements for an inter- and trans-disciplinary research project. We also outline the approaches to solutions for these challenges developed by the project. Finally, we draw a number of lessons from the ENavi experience for inter-and transdisciplinary research regarding large-scale projects.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by autonomic failure plus parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. The diagnosis may be challenging and is usually made at a tertiary care center. The long-term management issues are equally challenging and frequently require collaboration with the patient's local care providers. Whereas there is currently no cure for MSA, treatment focuses on the most problematic symptoms experienced by the patient. Autonomic symptoms may include severe orthostatic hypotension with syncope, urinary symptoms culminating in incontinence, constipation, anhidrosis, and erectile dysfunction. Motor symptoms include parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and falls. Although certain motor symptoms may respond partially to medications, some of these medications may exacerbate autonomic problems. In this manuscript, we seek to bridge the gap between tertiary care providers and the patient's local care providers to provide multidisciplinary care to the MSA patient. Patients are often best served by management of their chronic and evolving complex problems with a team approach involving their primary care providers and subspecialists. Treatment guidelines typically list myriad therapeutic options without clarifying the most efficacious and simplest treatment strategies. Herein, we provide a guideline based on what has worked in our MSA clinic, a clinic designed to provide care throughout the disease course with subspecialty integration with the goal of empowering a partnership with the patient's home primary care providers.

Interdisciplinary design thinking and methods are developed based on interdisciplinary research backgrounds. Through cross-integration with other disciplines, it can realize the design’s interdisciplinary collaborative innovation and development. At the same time, with the increasing interdisciplinary research interest in programmable mechanical metamaterials, design urgently needs to produce an interdisciplinary design thinking and method model to guide the development of related design research activities. Based on this, this research uses interdisciplinary research methods (mainly grafts method) to transplant the construction methods and related contents of programmable mechanical metamaterials into the research of design thinking and methods to propose a set of interdisciplinary design thinking based on programmable mechanical metamaterials (IDTPMMs). At the same time, under the guidance of IDTPMM, an interdisciplinary design method based on programmable mechanical metamaterials (IDMPMMs) is proposed. The thinking and method take the IDTPMM and IDMPMM process models as the concrete manifestation forms. Subsequently, this study selected two architecture design cases to analyze the rationality of IDTPMM and IDMPMM. This study believes that the proposal of IDTPMM and IDMPMM can narrow the focus of design research from the traditional macro scale to the micro scale of material research and development, which can drive design innovation with material innovation. Meanwhile, it can also change the design research from passive use of existing material mechanical properties to active programming control of material mechanical properties according to demand, which will greatly enhance the programmability, adjustability, controllability, and flexibility of design research with materials as carriers and objects. Additionally, this will have an essential impact on broadening the field of design interdisciplinary research and innovating design thinking and methods. In addition, IDTPMM and IDMPMM will also provide systematic theoretical guidance for designers to conduct interdisciplinary research on design and material science. Its scientific features will also make design research more rigorous, solid, and reliable.

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition which is known to be the most common cause of dementia. Despite its rapidly growing prevalence, medicine still lacks a comprehensive definition of the disease. As a result, Alzheimer’s disease remains neither preventable nor curable. In recent years, broad interdisciplinary collaborations in Alzheimer’s disease research are becoming more common. Furthermore, such collaborations have already demonstrated their superiority in addressing the complexity of the disease in innovative ways. However, establishing effective communication and optimal knowledge distribution between researchers and specialists with different expertise and background is not a straightforward task. To address this challenge, we propose the Alzheimer’s disease Ontology for Diagnosis and Preclinical Classification (AD-DPC) as a tool for effective knowledge sharing in interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary teams working on Alzheimer’s disease. It covers six major conceptual groups, namely Alzheimer’s disease pathology, Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, Diagnostic process, Symptoms, Assessments, and Relevant clinical findings. All concepts were annotated with definitions or elucidations and in some cases enriched with synonyms and additional resources. The potential of AD-DPC to support non-medical experts is demonstrated through an evaluation of its usability, applicability and correctness. The results show that the participants in the evaluation process who lack prior medical knowledge can successfully answer Alzheimer’s disease-related questions by interacting with AD-DPC. Furthermore, their perceived level of knowledge in the field increased leading to effective communication with medical experts.

Design is increasingly entering planning beyond the subfield of urban design. At a larger scale, designers are moving into the social sciences to apply design skills at intersections with the social sciences. This article offers an overview of research and practice at the forefront of both interpreting design fields and understanding their growing importance within planning. This transcends examinations of urban design to incorporate the potential of design more broadly in planning, with particular emphasis on community development and engagement. The article does this through a case study of an existing design-based nonprofit (bcWORKSHOP) which leverages techniques across design and planning to generate new forms of community planning practice in the State of Texas. Ultimately, this case study begins to ask whether planning can fully address a number of issues (like social/racial justice and climate change) without understanding these issues from both design and planning perspectives simultaneously. It also emphasizes the importance of training planners to both envision and build alternate possible worlds, a skillset fundamental to design that could reshape planning education and practice.