129 results on '"Kishio Nanjo"'
Search Results
2. Bilateral atrophy of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle might be a useful sign for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy in Japanese men who do not sit in the traditional 'seiza' style
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Shohei Matsuno, Kenichi Ogawa, Takashi Akamizu, Hideyuki Sasaki, Mikio Arita, Shohei Kishimoto, Kishio Nanjo, Hiroto Furuta, Keigo Naka, and Seigo Kurisu
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diabetic polyneuropathy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Practical screening method ,Sitting ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Asian People ,Diabetic Neuropathies ,Japan ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Sitting Position ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,RC648-665 ,medicine.disease ,Predictive value ,Muscular Atrophy ,Clinical Science and Care ,Extensor digitorum brevis muscle ,Female ,Original Article ,business ,Polyneuropathy ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Aims/Introduction As the extensor digitorum brevis muscle is a small muscle in the most distal part of the legs, its atrophy (EDBA) might reflect symmetric polyneuropathy (SPN). We aimed to clarify the EDBA‐related factors and the usefulness of bilateral EDBA detection for diagnosing SPN, especially diabetic SPN (DSPN). Materials and Methods In 1,893 participants from the Japanese general population (investigation I) and 133 established diabetes patients (investigation II), relationships between EDBA and various factors including the traditional sitting style called “seiza’” (kneeling and sitting on one’s heels) were investigated. Analyses were carried out by univariate and multivariate analysis, and SPN or DSPN was diagnosed by the criteria of “Probable DSPN” of the Toronto Consensus. The validity of EDBA detection for diagnosing SPN/DSPN was also evaluated. Results Investigation I: EDBA was more prevalent in women than men (44% vs 20%). Significant EDBA‐related factors were aging and seiza habit regardless of sex. Male‐specific EDBA‐related factors were SPN and known diabetes. In men without seiza habit, EDBA was significantly associated with SPN regardless of diabetes, so EDBA seemed to be a useful sign for diagnosing SPN/DSPN. Investigation II: In men, DSPN was more prevalent in the EDBA group than the non‐EDBA group (71% vs 33%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and kappa coefficient of EDBA detection for diagnosing DSPN were 44, 87, 67% and 0.323, showing fair agreement. Conclusions EDBA detection might be a useful method to screen for distal symmetric polyneuropathy, such as DSPN in men, although the exclusion of individuals with seiza habit is necessary to improve accuracy., Extensor digitorum brevis atrophy detection might be a useful method to screen for distal symmetric polyneuropathy, such as diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy in men, although the exclusion of individuals with seiza habit is necessary to improve accuracy.
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- 2020
3. The number of microvascular complications is associated with an increased risk for severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of a multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study
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Fusanori Nishimura, Shuji Inoue, Masatomo Mori, Kenji Mogi, Nobuo Morita, Chuwa Tei, Hiroshi Kajio, Narihito Yoshioka, Hideki Tanzawa, Naoto Nakamura, Toshiyuki Nagasawa, Yoichi Hayashi, Yuichi Izumi, Masatomi Tsuji, Yuichi Ando, Hideki Ogiuchi, Isao Uchimura, Narisato Kanamura, Akiko Fukui, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Akira Matsuo, Kunihisa Kobayashi, Jun Negishi, Haruyasu Tanabe, Soichiro Asanami, Shigetaka Yanagisawa, Kiichi Ueki, Hajime Izumiyama, Hiroshi Nitta, Kazunori Utsunomiya, Yasushi Saito, Isao Ishikawa, Shigeru Miyazaki, Masao Kanazawa, Izumi Takei, Toshiie Sakata, Takashi Miyauchi, Norihiko Takada, Hirofumi Makino, Reiko Kawahara, Yoichi Kurachi, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hiroshige Chiba, Toshiki Inokuchi, Sayaka Katagiri, Tetsuo Nishikawa, Yoshimi Ichinokawa, Kishio Nanjo, Toaki Ono, and Yoshinori Higuchi
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Severity of Illness Index ,Severe periodontitis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,Periodontitis ,Aged ,Glycemic ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Articles ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Microangiopathy ,chemistry ,Microvessels ,Female ,Original Article ,Glycated hemoglobin ,business - Abstract
Aims/Introduction To explore the relationships between periodontitis and microvascular complications as well as glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods This multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 620 patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the prevalence and severity of periodontitis between patients with ≥1 microvascular complication and those without microvascular complications. We also compared the prevalence and severity of periodontitis among patients with different degrees of glycemic control. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with the number of microvascular complications (odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.6), glycated hemoglobin ≥8.0% (64 mmol/mol; odds ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.3), and older age (≥50 years; odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.6). However, the prevalence of periodontitis was not significantly associated with the number of microvascular complications, but was associated with male sex, high glycated hemoglobin (≥8.0% [64 mmol/mol]), older age (≥40 years), longer duration of diabetes (≥15 years) and fewer teeth (≤25). Furthermore, propensity score matching for age, sex, diabetes duration and glycated hemoglobin showed that the incidence of severe periodontitis was significantly higher among patients with microvascular complications than among those without microvascular complications (P < 0.05). Conclusions The number of microvascular complications is a risk factor for more severe periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas poor glycemic control is a risk factor for increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis.
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- 2017
4. 568-P: Pain Threshold of Intraepidermal Nerve Terminal Reflects Small Nerve Fiber Function and Rises in Early Phase of Diabetes
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Kenichi Ogawa, Kishio Nanjo, Seigo Kurisu, Shohei Kishimoto, and Hideyuki Sasaki
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Nerve fiber ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Sensation ,Threshold of pain ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Abnormality ,business ,A delta fiber ,Early phase ,Normal range - Abstract
We measured pain threshold of intra-epidermal nerve terminal (PINT) which is a simple and noninvasive method that can measure pain threshold of A delta fiber by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation. We aimed to investigate normal value, prevalence of abnormality and clinically associated factors to PINT and quantitative vibratory perception threshold (QVT). PINT and QVT were measured by a portable peripheral nerve testing device PNS-7000, and a vibration sensation meter AU 02-B in 656 Japanese regional health checkup examinees (40-75 years old; years old). Glucose tolerance; normal (N), pre-DM, newly diagnosed DM (NDM) and known DM (KDM), and neuropathic findings (pain, paresthesia, numbness in legs and reduced ATRs) were also determined. Relationship between age, glucose tolerance, neuropathic findings and PINT or QVT were investigated by simple and multivariate analyses. In 445 non-DM subjects without neuropathic findings, normal limit value of PINT (mA) was set by quantile regression method, and relationship between prevalence of PINT or QVT abnormalities and clinical factors were examined. As results, PINT was not changed under 70 years old, then somewhat elevated. QVT elevated from 50 years old. PINT was not associated with QVT. PINT was significantly elevated in NDM and KDM. QVT was elevated in diabetes and hypertension. Among the neuropathic findings, PINT was significantly associated with only pain. By multiple regression analyses, significant aggravating factors of PINT were aging and glucose intolerance. Normal values of PINT were > 0.4 (0.5 (70< years old) Prevalence of PINT abnormality were 3%, 4%, 13% and 9% in N, pre-DM, NDM and KDM, respectively. They were significantly increased with the deterioration of glucose tolerance. QVT abnormality was not significantly increased with glucose intolerance. In conclusion, PINT reflects small nerve fiber function, and associates with DM. So, PINT may be a useful for diagnosis and evaluation of small fiber neuropathy. Disclosure H. Sasaki: None. S. Kishimoto: None. K. Ogawa: None. S. Kurisu: None. K. Nanjo: None. Funding Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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- 2019
5. Clinical and functional characterization of the Pro1198Leu ABCC8 gene mutation associated with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus
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Kishio Nanjo, Shohei Matsuno, Norishige Yoshikawa, Hideyuki Sasaki, Hiroto Furuta, Kazuaki Nagashima, Masakazu Miyawaki, Nobuya Inagaki, Tomoyuki Takagi, Takashi Akamizu, Asako Doi, Daisuke Tanaka, Takeshi Shimada, and Masahiro Nishi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Pharmacology ,ABCC8 ,Glibenclamide ,Tolbutamide ,Neonatal diabetes mellitus ,Sulfonylurea receptor ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Missense mutation ,Gliclazide ,biology ,business.industry ,Neonatal diabetes ,Articles ,General Medicine ,Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Science and Care ,Endocrinology ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aims/Introduction The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is a key component of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Activating mutations in ABCC8 encoding for the sulfonylurea receptor subunit of the KATP channel have been associated with the development of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). The aim was to investigate clinical and functional characterization of the Pro1198Leu ABCC8 gene mutation associated with permanent NDM (PNDM). Materials and Methods The coding regions and conserved splice sites of KCNJ11, ABCC8 and INS were screened for mutations in a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with PNDM. The functional property of the mutant channel identified was examined with patch-clamp experiments in COS-1 cells. We also investigated the difference of effectiveness between two groups of oral sulfonylureas in vitro and in the patient. Results We identified a heterozygous missense mutation (c.3593 C>T, Pro1198Leu) in ABCC8. The mutated residue (P1198) is located within a putative binding site of sulfonylureas, such as tolbutamide or gliclazide. In patch-clamp experiments, the mutant channel was less ATP sensitive than the wild type. Furthermore, the sensitivity to tolbutamide was also reduced in the mutant channel. In addition to the tolbutamide/gliclazide binding site, glibenclamide is thought to also bind to another site. Glibenclamide was more effective than other sulfonylureas in vitro and in the patient. The treatment of the patient was finally able to be switched from insulin injection to oral glibenclamide. Conclusions We identified the Pro1198Leu ABCC8 mutation in a PNDM patient, and clarified the functional and clinical characterization. The present findings provide new information for understanding PNDM.
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- 2013
6. [Current status and challenge of certified diabetes educator(CDE)]
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Kishio, Nanjo
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Patient Care Team ,Age Distribution ,Certification ,Patient Education as Topic ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Feeding Behavior - Published
- 2016
7. Serum Level of Triglycerides Is a Potent Risk Factor Comparable to LDL Cholesterol for Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Subanalysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS)
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Hirohito, Sone, Sachiko, Tanaka, Shiro, Tanaka, Satoshi, Iimuro, Koji, Oida, Yoshimitsu, Yamasaki, Shinichi, Oikawa, Shun, Ishibashi, Shigehiro, Katayama, Yasuo, Ohashi, Yasuo, Akanuma, Nobuhiro, Yamada, and Kishio, Nanjo
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Coronary Disease ,Context (language use) ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,cardiovascular diseases ,Risk factor ,Prospective cohort study ,Stroke ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Hazard ratio ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Risk factors for cardiovascular complications in Japanese patients with diabetes have not been fully elucidated.Our objective was to determine incidence of and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in Japanese diabetic patients.We conducted a prospective study at 59 hospitals throughout Japan.Patients included 940 men and 831 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 58.2 yr) without a history of cardiovascular complications who were followed for a median of 7.86 yr.This was an observational study.Incidence of CHD and stroke was evaluated.Incidences of CHD and stroke per 1000 person-years were 9.59 and 7.45, respectively, whereas those of myocardial and brain infarctions were 3.84 and 6.29, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the serum log-transformed triglyceride level was a potent and independent predictor of CHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.94 per 1 sd increase), comparable to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.25-1.78 per 1 sd increase). Triglycerides and LDL cholesterol linearly and continuously increased CHD risk, and subjects in the top third for both had markedly high risks of CHD, and their effects were possibly additive. However, serum triglycerides worked independently of blood pressure levels. Systolic blood pressure was the only significant predictor for stroke except for age (HR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.04-1.65, per 1 sd increase).In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, the serum triglyceride level was a leading predictor of CHD, comparable to LDL cholesterol. Because the serum triglyceride level is not a leading predictor of CHD in diabetic subjects in Western countries, ethnic group-specific strategies for prevention of diabetic macroangiopathy may be indicated.
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- 2011
8. Expression of wild-type and mutant S20G hIAPP in physiologic knock-in mouse models fails to induce islet amyloid formation, but induces mild glucose intolerance
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Henry J. Hiddinga, Yogish C. Kudva, Tokio Sanke, Pranathi Madde, S. Sakagashira, Jan M. van Deursen, Masayuki Ishigame, James J. Lee, Kishio Nanjo, and Norman L. Eberhardt
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Genetically modified mouse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Amyloid ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Secretion ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Insulin ,Wild type ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Islet ,Endocrinology - Abstract
Aims/Introduction: Human islet polypeptide S20G mutation (hIAPPS20G) is associated with earlier onset type 2 diabetes and increased amyloidogenicity and cytotoxicity in vitro vs wild-type hIAPP (hIAPPWT), suggesting that amyloidogenesis may be pathogenic for type 2 diabetes. We compared the contributions of hIAPPS20G and hIAPPWT toward intra islet amyloid formation and development of type 2 diabetes in a unique physiologic knock-in mouse model. Materials and Methods: We replaced the mouse IAPP gene (M allele) with hIAPPWT (W allele) and hIAPPS20G (G allele) via homologous recombination and backbred transgenic mice against C57Bl/6 strain 5 generations to minimize genetic variation. Mice (3 month old) were maintained on control (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 15 months and studied at 3 month intervals by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and pancreas histology to assess glucose homeostastis, amyloidogeneisis, islet mass, β cell replication, and apoptosis. Results: IAPP blood levels were indistinguishable in all mice. WW and GW mice maintained on both diets lacked intraislet amyloid at all ages. On both diets relative to MM controls WW and GW mice exhibit glucose intolerance (P
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- 2011
9. Pro198Leu missense polymorphism of the glutathione peroxidase 1 gene might be a common genetic predisposition of distal symmetric polyneuropathy and macrovascular disease in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
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Muneki Nakatani, Shohei Matsuno, Takashi Akamizu, Asako Doi, Hisao Wakasaki, Hiroyuki Yamaoka, Yoshio Nakano, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiroto Furuta, Kenichi Ogawa, Hideyuki Sasaki, Kishio Nanjo, Tohru Hamanishi, and Masahiro Nishi
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Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diabetic neuropathy ,Proteinuria ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Genotype ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Genetic predisposition ,Missense mutation ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Macrovascular disease - Abstract
Aims/Introduction: We have previously reported that the Pro198Leu missense polymorphism in the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) gene was associated with frequent macrovascular disease (MVD). Our goal was to examine whether the GPx-1 genotype is associated with diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: We determined the GPx-1 genotype in 173 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients who received medical interviews, physical examinations, nerve conduction studies, quantitative vibratory perception (QVP), head-up tilt and heart rate variability tests by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism. Diabetic sensorimotor distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) and diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) were evaluated separately. DSPN and DAN were defined by two or more abnormalities of neuropathic leg symptoms, diminished Achilles tendon reflexes or impaired QVP in toes, and two autonomic dysfunctions, respectively. The association of the GPx-1 genotype with DSPN, DAN, MVD and other clinical manifestations was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of DSPN, impaired QVP and painful leg cramps in patients having a genotype with Pro/Leu at the codon 198 (Pro/Leu type) was significantly higher than those with Pro/Pro type. As a result of multivariate analyses that contained the GPx-1 genotype as an independent variable, the Pro/Leu type was extracted as a significant risk factor of DSPN, QVP impairment and MVD. The statistical significance did not disappear, even after proteinuria, retinopathy and a history of MVD were introduced as independent variables. In contrast, the GPx-1 genotype was not associated with DAN. Conclusions: The Pro198Leu missense polymorphism of the GPx-1 gene might have a common genetic predisposition to DSPN and MVD. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00127.x, 2011)
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- 2011
10. Numbness and paresthesia in bilateral toes and soles, and disproportional sweating restricted to face and trunk are suitable symptoms useful for the diagnosis of diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy
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Muneki Nakatani, Takashi Akamizu, Hiroto Furuta, Seigo Kurisu, Hisao Wakasaki, Kishio Nanjo, Shohei Matsuno, Hideyuki Sasaki, Kenichi Ogawa, Masahiro Nishi, Hiroshi Yamasaki, and Hiroyuki Yamaoka
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Constipation ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,University hospital ,Trunk ,body regions ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,medicine.symptom ,Autonomic neuropathy ,business ,Polyneuropathy ,Foot (unit) ,Retinopathy - Abstract
Aims/Introduction: In order to diagnose diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) more simply and accurately, we identified symptoms that correlated with neurological functions and existed more frequently in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects. Materials and Methods: The relationships between 10 symptoms (numbness or paresthesia in toe and sole, numbness in hand, pain in foot or hand, coldness in legs, painful leg cramp, dizziness on standing, sweating restricted to face/trunk and frequent constipation/diarrhea) and clinical background, defined as DSPN and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) by the criteria proposed in the statement of the American Diabetes Association, and seven quantitative nerve function data were evaluated in 593 diabetic patients in Wakayama Medical University Hospital (WMUH). Furthermore, the prevalence of various symptoms was examined by three questionnaires: a WMUH survey (999 diabetic outpatients), a Nationwide survey (1524 male diabetic outpatients under a primary-care physician) and a Control survey (501 non-diabetic subjects). Results: Bilateral ‘numbness in toe and sole’, ‘paresthesia in toe and sole’, ‘pain in foot’ and ‘sweating restricted to face/trunk’ were significantly associated with diabetes duration, retinopathy, probable and confirmed DSPN, possible and advanced CAN, and all or six nerve functions. Questionnaire surveys clarified that symptoms that are not rare (>15%) and more frequent in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects were bilateral ‘numbness in toe and sole’, ‘paresthesia in toe and sole’, ‘coldness in legs’, ‘dizziness on standing’ and ‘sweating restricted to face/trunk’. Conclusions: Therefore, bilateral ‘numbness in toe and sole’, ‘paresthesia in toe and sole’ and ‘sweating restricted to face/trunk’ are suitable symptoms useful for the diagnosis of DSPN. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00124.x, 2011)
- Published
- 2011
11. Insulin gene mutations and diabetes
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Kishio Nanjo and Masahiro Nishi
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endocrine system ,Mutation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mutant ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Hyperproinsulinemia ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Hyperinsulinemia ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Cysteine ,Proinsulin - Abstract
Some mutations of the insulin gene cause hyperinsulinemia or hyperproinsulinemia. Replacement of biologically important amino acid leads to defective receptor binding, longer half-life and hyperinsulinemia. Three mutant insulins have been identified: (i) insulin Chicago (F49L or PheB25Leu); (ii) insulin Los Angeles (F48S or PheB24Ser); (iii) and insulin Wakayama (V92L or ValA3Leu). Replacement of amino acid is necessary for proinsulin processing results in hyperproinsulinemia. Four types have been identified: (i) proinsulin Providence (H34D); (ii) proinsulin Tokyo (R89H); (iii) proinsulin Kyoto (R89L); and (iv) proinsulin Oxford (R89P). Three of these are processing site mutations. The mutation of proinsulin Providence, in contrast, is thought to cause sorting abnormality. Compared with normal proinsulin, a significant amount of proinsulin Providence enters the constitutive pathway where processing does not occur. These insulin gene mutations with hyper(pro)insulinemia were very rare, showed only mild diabetes or glucose intolerance, and hyper(pro)insulinemia was the key for their diagnosis. However, this situation changed dramatically after the identification of insulin gene mutations as a cause of neonatal diabetes. This class of insulin gene mutations does not show hyper(pro)insulinemia. Mutations at the cysteine residue or creating a new cysteine will disturb the correct disulfide bonding and proper conformation, and finally will lead to misfolded proinsulin accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) or an autoantibody-negative type 1-like phenotype has also been reported. Very recently, recessive mutations with reduced insulin biosynthesis have been reported. The importance of insulin gene mutation in the pathogenesis of diabetes will increase a great deal and give us a new understanding of β-cell biology and diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00100.x, 2011).
- Published
- 2011
12. Effect of anti-oxidants, Ricetrienol and α-tocopherol, on adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty diabetic rats
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Hiroto Furuta, Hideyuki Sasaki, Asako Doi, Masahiro Nishi, Yumi Kanaya, Takuo Tsuno, Hisaji Taniguchi, Atsuyo Fujita, Kunihiro Tatsumi, and Kishio Nanjo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Triglyceride ,Bran ,Adiponectin ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Leptin ,Fatty liver ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Resistin ,Tocopherol ,business - Abstract
Introduction: We investigated the effect of Ricetrienol, which is an anti-oxidant extracted from rice bran, and α-tocopherol on the adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 OLETF rats were bred using a 30% sucrose solution (the diabetic group; DM), whereas another 18 OLETF rats were bred using ordinary water (the non-diabetic obese group; OB) as drinking water, respectively. After the sucrose-fed rats developed diabetes, all of the rats from the diabetic and obese groups were randomly divided into three groups. Then each group was fed either standard chow (DM-S, OB-S group), 0.05% Ricetrienol-containing chow (DM-R, OB-R group) or 0.05%α-tocopherol-containing chow (DM-A, OB-A group), respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, all the rats were killed. Plasma insulin, adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assayed by enzyme immunoassay. Histopathological findings of liver tissue were scored according to Brunt and Kleiner’s method, and triglyceride contents of the liver tissue were investigated. Results: Plasma adiponectin was significantly reduced in DM-S compared with OB-S, but it had significantly increased in DM-R and DM-A as opposed to DM-S. Plasma resistin showed a significant increase in DM-S compared with OB-S, but it was significantly reduced in DM-A than in DM-S. Though the triglyceride contents of liver tissue significantly increased in DM-S as opposed to OB-S, they were significantly reduced in DM-R compared with DM-S. Histopathological scores were significantly higher in DM-S than OB-S. Conclusions: The present study shows that Ricetrienol might prevent adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in OLETF diabetic rats. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00090.x, 2011)
- Published
- 2010
13. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
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Eiichi Araki, Yutaka Seino, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Nobuya Inagaki, Kishio Nanjo, Masato Kasuga, Chikako Ito, Kohjiro Ueki, Masakazu Haneda, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Takashi Kadowaki, and Naoko Tajima
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Coma ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metabolic disorder ,Arteriosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Ketoacidosis ,Chronic hyperglycemia ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases associated with various metabolic disorders, the main feature of which is chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin action. Its pathogenesis involves both genetic and environmental factors. The long-term persistence of metabolic disorders can cause susceptibility to specific complications and also foster arteriosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a broad range of clinical presentations, from being asymptomatic to ketoacidosis or coma, depending on the degree of metabolic disorder.
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- 2010
14. Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus
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Nobuya Inagaki, Eiichi Araki, Yutaka Seino, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Masato Kasuga, Chikako Ito, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Kishio Nanjo, Takashi Kadowaki, Masakazu Haneda, Naoko Tajima, Kohjiro Ueki, and Atsunori Kashiwagi
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Coma ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metabolic disorder ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,Arteriosclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Ketoacidosis ,Pathogenesis ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Concept of Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases associated with various metabolic disorders, the main feature of which is chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin action. Its pathogenesis involves both genetic and environmental factors. The long‐term persistence of metabolic disorders can cause susceptibility to specific complications and also foster arteriosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a broad range of clinical presentations, from being asymptomatic to ketoacidosis or coma, depending on the degree of metabolic disorder.
- Published
- 2010
15. Truncal Pruritus of Unknown Origin May Be a Symptom of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
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Hiroshi Yamasaki, Kishio Nanjo, Kenichi Ogawa, Masahiro Nishi, Takayuki Ohta, Hiroto Furuta, Hiroyuki Yamaoka, and Hideyuki Sasaki
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Trunk ,Ankle jerk reflex ,Surgery ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Sensation ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Heart rate variability ,Young adult ,Pathophysiology/Complications ,business ,Polyneuropathy ,Original Research - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to ascertain the prevalence of pruritus in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects and the relevance of symptoms, signs, and nerve functions of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) of pruritus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A large-scale survey of 2,656 diabetic outpatients and 499 nondiabetic subjects was performed. In diabetic subjects, the relationship between pruritus and age, sex, diabetic duration, A1C, Achilles tendon reflex (ATR), and abnormal sensation in legs was evaluated. In 105 diabetic subjects, nerve conduction studies, quantitative vibratory threshold (QVT), heart rate variability, and a fall of systolic blood pressure at a head-up tilt test (ΔBP) were performed, and the relationships between pruritus and nerve functions were evaluated. RESULTS Although the prevalence of truncal pruritus of unknown origin (TPUO) in diabetic subjects was significantly higher than that in age-matched nondiabetic subjects (11.3 vs. 2.9%, P = 0.0001), the prevalence of other pruritus was not different between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormal sensation and ATR areflexia were independent risk factors for TPUO in age, sex, duration of diabetes, and A1C. ΔBP in diabetic subjects with TPUO was significantly impaired compared with that in those without TPUO. Larger ΔBP was identified as a significant risk factor of TPUO independent of other nerve dysfunctions by multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS TPUO is significantly more frequent in diabetic than in nondiabetic individuals. TPUO is significantly associated with symptoms and signs of DPN, including impaired blood pressure response in a head-up tilt test. TPUO, therefore, might be a newly recognized symptom of DPN.
- Published
- 2010
16. Chronic Kidney Disease Has a More Powerful Impact on Peripheral Arterial Disease Than Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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Kishio Nanjo, Tokio Sanke, Machi Furuta, Shuhei Morita, Keiko Tsunoda, Yoshiki Kadoya, Shoichi Yamada, and Yoshinori Shimajiri
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Renal function ,Blood Pressure ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Gastroenterology ,Body Mass Index ,Diabetes Complications ,Japan ,Renal Dialysis ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Aged ,Peripheral Vascular Diseases ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Microalbuminuria ,Hemodialysis ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome have been recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no information comparing their impact on macroangiopathy in diabetic patients. Thus, we studied the prevalence of CKD and metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and then compared their impact on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients.This study focused on Japanese type 2 diabetic patients without hemodialysis (n = 1014). Patients with albuminuria, including microalbuminuria and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73(2), were diagnosed as having CKD. PAD was defined as ankle-brachial blood pressure index less than 0.9.The prevalence of CKD and metabolic syndrome was 47.1% and 39.6%, respectively. In four age- and duration-matched groups classified by the presence or absence of CKD and metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of PAD was significantly higher in groups with CKD alone than those with metabolic syndrome alone, and the high prevalence in the groups with CKD was not influenced by the coexistence with metabolic syndrome.This study indicates that CKD has more powerful impact on PAD than metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
- Published
- 2009
17. SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease in Japanese type 2 diabetes individuals
- Author
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Shohei Matsuno, Hiroto Furuta, Masahiro Nishi, Tokio Sanke, Kazuki Yasuda, Kishio Nanjo, Takeshi Shimada, Yasushi Furukawa, Hideyuki Sasaki, Asako Doi, and Akiko Kusuyama
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Coronary Disease ,Type 2 diabetes ,Gastroenterology ,Nephropathy ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Methionine ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Reference Values ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Genotype ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Aged ,Autoantibodies ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Type 1 diabetes ,Glutamate Decarboxylase ,business.industry ,Valine ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins ,Female ,business ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Retinopathy - Abstract
The Met55Val polymorphism in the small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene has been associated with susceptibility not only to type 1 diabetes, but also to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. We tried to confirm the association with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and to investigate its role in diabetic vascular complications. The polymorphism was genotyped in two independent Japanese samples (Wakayama and Tokyo) by the TaqMan method. Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and prevalence of diabetic vascular complications (coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, retinopathy, and nephropathy) were evaluated by case-control study and multivariate logistic regression analysis, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of alleles or genotypes between patients and controls. The Val allele, however, was associated with higher prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients in both groups (Wakayama, n = 423, odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.64; P = 0.041; Tokyo, n = 451, odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.07–2.34; P = 0.021, in an additive model, respectively). No significant associations were observed with other diabetic vascular complications. Although association of the polymorphism with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes or nephropathy was not replicated, an association of the polymorphism with risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes is suggested.
- Published
- 2009
18. Functional defect of truncated hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (G554fsX556) associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young
- Author
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Jatuporn Sujjitjoon, Hiroto Furuta, Nalinee Chongjaroen, Watip Boonyasrisawat, Prapapron Jungtrakoon, Kishio Nanjo, Namoiy Semprasert, Nattachet Plengvidhya, Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus, Napatawn Banchuin, and Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Subjects
Transcriptional Activation ,Pyruvate Kinase ,Mutant ,Biophysics ,Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ,Biology ,digestive system ,Biochemistry ,Maturity onset diabetes of the young ,Frameshift mutation ,Transactivation ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ,Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Molecular Biology ,Sequence Deletion ,Glucose Transporter Type 2 ,Promoter ,Cell Biology ,Transfection ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,Hepatocyte nuclear factors ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,embryonic structures ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
A novel frameshift mutation attributable to 14-nucleotide insertion in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) encoding a truncated HNF-1alpha (G554fsX556) with 76-amino acid deletion at its carboxyl terminus was identified in a Thai family with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The wild-type and mutant HNF-1alpha proteins were expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (TNT) assay and by transfection in HeLa cells. The wild-type and mutant HNF-1alpha could similarly bind to human glucose-transporter 2 (GLUT2) promoter examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). However, the transactivation activities of mutant HNF-1alpha on human GLUT2 and rat L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) promoters in HeLa cells determined by luciferase reporter assay were reduced to approximately 55-60% of the wild-type protein. These results suggested that the functional defect of novel truncated HNF-1alpha (G554fsX556) on the transactivation of its target-gene promoters would account for the beta-cell dysfunction associated with the pathogenesis of MODY.
- Published
- 2009
19. Construction of a prediction model for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population based on 11 genes with strong evidence of the association
- Author
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Yutaka Seino, Naoko Iwasaki, Yoshitomo Oka, Ronald C.W. Ma, Ken Yamamoto, Kazuaki Miyake, Hiroshi Maegawa, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Kishio Nanjo, Yukio Horikawa, Hideichi Makino, Toshihito Tanahashi, Haruhiko Osawa, Eiichi Maeda, Katsushi Tokunaga, Kazuya Yamagata, Yoshinori Hinokio, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Hiroyuki Mori, Hiroto Furuta, Jun Takeda, Yuichiro Yamada, Woosung Yang, Yushi Hirota, Hara Kazuo, He-Yao Wang, Masato Kasuga, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Naoyuki Kamatani, Keisuke Ido, Takashi Kadowaki, Kazuki Yasuda, Naoto Nakamura, Juliana C.N. Chan, and Wing-Yee So
- Subjects
Genome-wide association study ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,Logistic regression ,Risk Assessment ,Asian People ,Japan ,Odds Ratio ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Testing ,CDKAL1 ,Alleles ,Genetics (clinical) ,Models, Genetic ,SLC30A8 ,Reproducibility of Results ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,ROC Curve ,biology.protein ,TCF7L2 ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Prediction of the disease status is one of the most important objectives of genetic studies. To select the genes with strong evidence of the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we validated the associations of the seven candidate loci extracted in our earlier study by genotyping the samples in two independent sample panels. However, except for KCNQ1, the association of none of the remaining seven loci was replicated. We then selected 11 genes, KCNQ1, TCF7L2, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, HHEX, GCKR, HNF1B, KCNJ11 and PPARG, whose associations with diabetes have already been reported and replicated either in the literature or in this study in the Japanese population. As no evidence of the gene-gene interaction for any pair of the 11 loci was shown, we constructed a prediction model for the disease using the logistic regression analysis by incorporating the number of the risk alleles for the 11 genes, as well as age, sex and body mass index as independent variables. Cumulative risk assessment showed that the addition of one risk allele resulted in an average increase in the odds for the disease of 1.29 (95% CI=1.25-1.33, P=5.4 x 10(-53)). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, an estimate of the power of the prediction model, was 0.72, thereby indicating that our prediction model for type 2 diabetes may not be so useful but has some value. Incorporation of data from additional risk loci is most likely to increase the predictive power.
- Published
- 2009
20. 4. Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
- Author
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Kishio Nanjo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2009
21. Variants in KCNQ1 are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Takashi Kadowaki, Kishio Nanjo, Akihiro Sekine, Yutaka Seino, Eiichi Maeda, Yoshida Teruhiko, Naoyuki Kamatani, Hiroto Furuta, Kazuki Yasuda, Kazuaki Miyake, Hiroshi Maegawa, Valeriya Lyssenko, Kazuya Yamagata, Haruhiko Osawa, Naoto Nakamura, Peter M. Nilsson, Yushi Hirota, Yoshinori Hinokio, Yoshitomo Oka, Yukio Horikawa, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Hideichi Makino, Anna Jonsson, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Yuichiro Yamada, Ronald C.W. Ma, Ken Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Mori, Leif Groop, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Naoko Iwasaki, Katsushi Tokunaga, Jun Takeda, Masato Kasuga, Kyong Soo Park, Yusuke Nakamura, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Toshihito Tanahashi, Young Min Cho, He-Yao Wang, Yoshifumi Sato, Wing-Yee So, Mitsuo Itakura, Hyoung Doo Shin, Juliana C.N. Chan, Hara Kazuo, and Hong Kyu Lee
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Genome-wide association study ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Odds ratio ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,CDKAL1 ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
We carried out a multistage genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese individuals, with a total of 1,612 cases and 1,424 controls and 100,000 SNPs. The most significant association was obtained with SNPs in KCNQ1, and dense mapping within the gene revealed that rs2237892 in intron 15 showed the lowest P value (6.7 x 10(-13), odds ratio (OR) = 1.49). The association of KCNQ1 with type 2 diabetes was replicated in populations of Korean, Chinese and European ancestry as well as in two independent Japanese populations, and meta-analysis with a total of 19,930 individuals (9,569 cases and 10,361 controls) yielded a P value of 1.7 x 10(-42) (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.34-1.47) for rs2237892. Among control subjects, the risk allele of this polymorphism was associated with impairment of insulin secretion according to the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function or the corrected insulin response. Our data thus implicate KCNQ1 as a diabetes susceptibility gene in groups of different ancestries.
- Published
- 2008
22. Cardio-ankle vascular index measures arterial wall stiffness independent of blood pressure
- Author
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Shohei Matsuno, Masato Kobayashi, Hiroto Furuta, Yoshio Nakano, Muneki Nakatani, Tetsuhiro Kakimoto, Hisao Wakasaki, Masahiro Nishi, Junko Ibata, Hideyuki Sasaki, Kishio Nanjo, and Kunihiro Tatsumi
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brachial Artery ,Arteriosclerosis ,Systole ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Diastole ,Blood Pressure ,Endocrinology ,Patient Education as Topic ,Reference Values ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Arterial wall ,Cardio-ankle vascular index ,Pulse wave velocity ,Triglycerides ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cholesterol ,Blood pressure ,Cardiology ,business ,Ankle Joint ,Blood Flow Velocity ,Diabetic Angiopathies - Abstract
Although brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a non-invasive method of detecting arteriosclerosis, it is affected by changes in blood pressure (BP). Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new method for estimating arteriosclerosis, and it has been reported to be less influenced by BP. We investigated the influence of BP changes on CAVI and the correlation of CAVI to clinical factors and carotid arteriosclerosis. CAVI and baPWV in 35 non-diabetic and 33 diabetic subjects were measured in increased BP (after stair climbing) and rested BP (after 10min of rest). Intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries was measured by ultrasoundsonography. We achieved the following results: CAVI did not show a significant change with a change in BP in both non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. On the contrary, baPWV was significantly influenced by BP changes. Carotid artery IMT had a significant positive correlation with CAVI and baPWV. Multiple regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors of high baPWV were age and systolic BP. On the contrary, significant risk factors of high CAVI were age and hemoglobin A1c, while systolic BP was not relevant. Our findings suggest that CAVI is independent of BP and useful as an indicator of early arteriosclerosis in diabetic subjects.
- Published
- 2008
23. A mitochondrial DNA variant at position 16189 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asians
- Author
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Eiichi Araki, Lee-Ming Chuang, Kwanjin Park, Hiroto Furuta, Sung Soo Chung, H. K. Min, Susumu Suzuki, Masahiro Nishi, T. Shirotani, Juliana C.N. Chan, Young-Seok Cho, Sang Won Lee, H. K. Lee, Joonoh Kim, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Kishio Nanjo, Linong Ji, and Byung Yong Ahn
- Subjects
Genetics ,China ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Korea ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Taiwan ,Genetic Variation ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Phenotype ,Genome ,Insulin resistance ,Asian People ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Japan ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Genetic variation ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,DNA Primers - Abstract
This multinational study was conducted to investigate the association between a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) T16189C polymorphism and type 2 diabetes in Asians. The mtDNA 16189C variant has been reported to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, a recent meta-analysis concluded that it is negatively associated with type 2 diabetes in Europids. Since the phenotype of an mtDNA mutant may be influenced by environmental factors and ethnic differences in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, we investigated the association between the 16189C variant and type 2 diabetes in Asians.The presence of the mtDNA 16189C variant was determined in 2,469 patients with type 2 diabetes and 1,205 non-diabetic individuals from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. An additional meta-analysis including previously published Asian studies was performed. Since mtDNA nucleotide position 16189 is very close to the mtDNA origin of replication, we performed DNA-linked affinity chromatography and reverse-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify protein bound to the 16189 region.Analysis of participants from five Asian countries confirmed the association between the 16189C variant and type 2 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.256, 95% CI 1.08-1.46, p=0.003]. Inclusion of data from three previously published Asian studies (type 2 diabetes n=3,283, controls n=2,176) in a meta-analysis showed similar results (OR 1.335, 95% CI 1.18-1.51, p=0.000003). Mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB) was identified as a candidate protein bound to the 16189 region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation in cybrid cells showed that mtSSB has a lower binding affinity for the 16189C variant than the wild-type sequence.The mtDNA 16189C variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Asians.
- Published
- 2008
24. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and its significance for chronic vascular complications
- Author
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Kishio Nanjo, Shyoichi Yamada, Tokio Sanke, Yoshinori Shimajiri, Yoshiki Kadoya, Keiko Tsunoda, and Machi Furuta
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arterial disease ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Body Mass Index ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Vascular Diseases ,Age of Onset ,Serum adiponectin ,Aged ,Metabolic Syndrome ,C-Peptide ,business.industry ,Microangiopathy ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Coronary heart disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Chronic Disease ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in type 2 diabetes and its association with vascular complications were studied in 637 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. MetS was diagnosed using criteria proposed by the Japanese study group for the definition of MetS in 2005. The prevalence of MetS in patients studied was higher in males (45.9%) than females (28.0%). The prevalence of MetS was 53.0% in males and 35.4% in females in patients with duration of less than 10 years, and decreased with an increase in duration. Upon comparing patients groups complicated with and without MetS, we determined the MetS group had significantly higher levels of fasting serum C-peptide and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a significantly lower level of serum adiponectin. However, the prevalence of coronary heart disease, brain infarction, or peripheral arterial disease was not significantly different between these groups. On the other hand, the prevalence of microangiopathy in the group with MetS was significantly higher than in that without MetS, and became significantly higher along with an increase in duration. This study clarifies the prevalence of MetS in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, and suggests that MetS is associated with microangiopathy rather than macroangiopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
- Published
- 2008
25. Polymorphisms in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX Gene Locus Are Reproducibly Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Japanese Population
- Author
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Yasushi Furukawa, Akiko Kusuyama, Shohei Matsuno, Hiroto Furuta, Takeshi Shimada, Masahiro Nishi, Hideyuki Sasaki, Tokio Sanke, Asako Doi, and Kishio Nanjo
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Population ,Kinesins ,Locus (genetics) ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Insulysin ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,education ,Genotyping ,Alleles ,Aged ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,SLC30A8 ,biology ,Biochemistry (medical) ,DNA ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Linear Models ,biology.protein ,Female ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Context: A genome-wide association study in the French population has detected that novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX gene locus and the SLC30A8 gene locus are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Objective: We investigated whether SNPs in these loci were associated with type 2 diabetes in Japanese. Design: Two SNPs, rs7923837 and rs1111875, in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX gene locus and one SNP, rs13266634, in the SLC30A8 gene locus were genotyped in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (n = 405) and in nondiabetic control subjects (n = 340) using the TaqMan genotyping assay system. Results: The G allele of rs7923837 was associated with type 2 diabetes [odds ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.15; P = 0.00014], following the same tendency as in the French population of the previous report. Heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the risk allele had odds ratios of 1.57 (95% CI 1.15–2.16; P = 0.0050) and 3.16 (95% CI 1.40–7.16; P = 0.0038) relative to noncarriers. Although the G allele was a major allele (66.5%) in the French population, it was a minor allele (23.8%) in Japanese. The G allele of rs1111875 was also associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.78; P = 0.0024). Heterozygous and homozygous carriers of the risk allele had odds ratios of 1.31 (95% CI 0.97–1.77; P = 0.0810) and 2.40 (95% CI 1.34–4.32; P = 0.0028) relative to noncarriers. A significant association with type 2 diabetes was not observed for rs13266634. Conclusions: Polymorphisms in the IDE-KIF11-HHEX gene locus are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes across the boundary of race.
- Published
- 2008
26. Association of TCF7L2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in 4,087 Japanese subjects
- Author
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Yoshinori Hinokio, Hiroto Furuta, Jun Takeda, Takashi Kadowaki, Hideichi Makino, Kazuaki Miyake, Hiroshi Maegawa, Haruhiko Osawa, Yutaka Seino, Kazuki Yasuda, Kazuya Yamagata, Ken Yamamoto, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Yukio Horikawa, Yuichiro Yamada, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Kazuo Hara, Naoko Iwasaki, Kishio Nanjo, Yushi Hirota, Masato Kasuga, Yoshitomo Oka, and Katsushi Tokunaga
- Subjects
Male ,Genotype ,endocrine system diseases ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Japan ,Risk Factors ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Genetics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Alleles ,Genetics (clinical) ,Aged ,business.industry ,Haplotype ,Case-control study ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Haplotypes ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,TCF Transcription Factors ,business ,Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein ,TCF7L2 - Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple ethnic groups. Regarding the Asian population, Horikoshi et al. (Diabetologia 50:747-751, 2007) and Hayashi et al. (Diabetologia 50:980-984, 2007) reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TCF7L2 were associated with type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population, while contradictory results were reported for Han Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of the TCF7L2 gene with type 2 diabetes using a relatively large sample size: 2,214 Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1,873 normal controls. The minor alleles of rs7903146, rs11196205, and rs12255372 showed significant associations with type 2 diabetes (OR=1.48, P=2.7 x 10(-4); OR=1.39, P=4.6 x 10(-4); OR=1.70, P=9.8 x 10(-5), respectively) in the combined sample sets. However, neither rs11196218 nor rs290487 showed a significant association. These results indicate that TCF7L2 is an important susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
- Published
- 2007
27. Serum adiponectin is associated with fasting serum C-peptide in non-obese diabetic patients
- Author
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Tokio Sanke, Yasuhisa Yamamoto, Kishio Nanjo, Tadashi Hanabusa, Masanori Tamai, and Machi Furuta
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Statistics as Topic ,Body Mass Index ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Non obese ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Serum adiponectin ,Adiposity ,Sex Characteristics ,C-Peptide ,Adiponectin ,C-peptide ,business.industry ,Fasting ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Circulating adiponectin (ADP) level in diabetic patients was mainly studied from a viewpoint of insulin action, with little being known about the regulation by pancreatic beta-cell function. We thus investigated the relationship between the serum ADP concentration and pancreatic beta-cell function in non-obese [body mass index (BMI)30 kg/m(2)] diabetic patients. Serum ADP was measured in 239 type 2 diabetic patients, 61 type 1 diabetic patients and 159 non-obese and non-diabetic subjects with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum ADP was analyzed separately by gender. In both males and females, the ADP level increased in conjugation with beta-cell dysfunction, estimated by fasting serum C-peptide, and showed marked increase in type 1 diabetic patients. Multivariate analysis in type 2 diabetic patients showed that the fasting serum C-peptide was extracted as an independent and significantly negative modulator for serum ADP in addition to BMI. The ADP level was not associated with the daily dose of injected insulin in the multivariate analysis using insulin treated patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes. These results indicate that pancreatic beta-cell function is one of a significant negative modulator for the circulating ADP level in non-obese diabetic patients and support the presence of an adipoinsular axis.
- Published
- 2006
28. Subcellular localization of glucose transporter 4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions
- Author
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Kishio Nanjo, Yoshihiro Morikawa, Tadasuke Komori, Asako Doi, Shinobu Tamura, and Emiko Senba
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ,Glucose uptake ,Mice, Obese ,Muscle Proteins ,White adipose tissue ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Mice ,Arcuate nucleus ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Tissue Distribution ,Obesity ,Molecular Biology ,Protein kinase B ,Neurons ,Glucose Transporter Type 4 ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Cell Membrane ,Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ,Glucose transporter ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Phosphoproteins ,Immunohistochemistry ,Receptor, Insulin ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Insulin receptor ,Endocrinology ,Hypothalamus ,Body Composition ,Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ,biology.protein ,Neurology (clinical) ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,GLUT4 ,Signal Transduction ,Subcellular Fractions ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 plays an important role in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Although GLUT4 is abundant in the hypothalamus as well as in these peripheral tissues, little is known about the role of GLUT4 in the hypothalamus. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization of GLUT4 and the activation of insulin signaling pathways in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions. The expression of GLUT4 in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice was higher than that in lean mice. Interestingly, GLUT4 on the plasma membrane increased significantly in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice when compared to that in lean mice. Because serum insulin levels of ob/ob mice were very high, we hypothesized that insulin strongly stimulates GLUT4 translocation in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice. Unexpectedly, tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was faint in the hypothalamus of lean and ob/ob mice. In addition, phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice was higher when compared to that in lean mice, suggesting that insulin signaling is impaired by phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice. However, serine phosphorylation of Akt in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice increased significantly when compared to that in lean mice. Furthermore, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an activator of PI3K-Akt pathway in neurons, increased significantly in the ventromedial hypothalamus of ob/ob mice. We discuss the possibility of novel pathways which induce the translocation of GLUT4 in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice.
- Published
- 2005
29. Molecular scanning of the betacellulin gene for mutations in type 2 diabetic patients
- Author
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Tokio Sanke, Setuya Sakagashira, Hiroko Shimomura, Yoshinori Shimajiri, Hiroto Furuta, Kishio Nanjo, Masahiro Nishi, Tadashi Hanabusa, Hideyuki Sasaki, and Takayuki Nakagawa
- Subjects
Male ,Signal peptide ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Glycine ,Mutation, Missense ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Cytosine ,Exon ,Methionine ,Endocrinology ,Start codon ,Leucine ,Epidermal growth factor ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Cysteine ,Genetic Testing ,Betacellulin ,Gene ,Aged ,Genetics ,Base Sequence ,Intron ,Genetic Variation ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Molecular biology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Mutation ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Female ,Transcription Initiation Site ,Thymine - Abstract
Betacellulin (BTC), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, is an important factor in the growth and/or differentiation of pancreatic β cells. In this point of view, we determined the transcriptional start site of the human BTC gene and screened the protein-coding region for mutations. The transcriptional start site was located 347 bp upstream from the translational initiation codon. After screening the protein coding exons (exons 1–5), we identified two novel missense mutations, Cys (TGC) to Gly (GGC) at codon 7 ( C7G ) and Leu (TTG) to Met (ATG) at codon 124 ( L124M ), and a single nucleotide substitution (− 31c/t ) in the intron 2. The C7G was located in the signal peptide and the L124M in the transmembrane domain and this Leu at codon 124 was conserved among human, bovine, rat, and mouse. The frequencies of these variants, however, were similar between type 2 diabetic patients ( n = 228) and non-diabetic control subjects ( n = 170). These data suggest that genetic variations in the protein-coding region of the human BTC gene are unlikely to be a major contributor to development of type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2005
30. History of obesity as a risk factor for both carotid atherosclerosis and microangiopathy
- Author
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Hiroto Furuta, Masahiro Nishi, Eisaku Matsumoto, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Tadashi Hanabusa, Kazuya Ueda, Hideyuki Sasaki, Kenichi Ogawa, Hisao Wakasaki, Kishio Nanjo, and Kunihisa Okamoto
- Subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Medical Records ,Nephropathy ,Diabetes Complications ,Endocrinology ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Risk factor ,Life Style ,Retrospective Studies ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Microangiopathy ,General Medicine ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Diabetic Angiopathies - Abstract
As a westernized lifestyle becomes widespread in Japan, the number of individuals with obesity, as well as type 2 diabetes, is rapidly increasing. In this investigation, we studied the prevalence of obesity and its association with the development of diabetic macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. The clinical records of 634 patients in our hospital with type 2 diabetes were surveyed. The relationship between obesity and diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy and macroangiopathy (carotid artery intima-media thickness, IMT) was examined using univariate and multivariate analysis. A body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 was used as the diagnostic criterion for obesity. The prevalence of obesity at the time of the survey was 35% and a history of obesity was reported in 70% of the survey population. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximum BMI was significantly correlated with IMT thickening. The prevalence of nephropathy in previously obese patients was significantly higher than in non-obese patients. The maximum BMI was significantly associated with the development of retinopathy and nephropathy, as shown by logistic regression analysis. This suggests that a history of obesity may be an important risk factor for the development of micro- and macroangiopathy in Japanese with type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2004
31. Effects of sex, age and BMI on screening tests for impaired glucose tolerance
- Author
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Shoji Kawazu, Kishio Nanjo, Arimasa Hososako, Ken-ichi Suzuki, Mari Hirata, Shigeaki Sato, Kazuhiko Kotani, Kazuyo Tsushita, Isao Kamae, Juichi Sato, Takeshi Usui, Mioko Gomyo, Yutaka Seino, Makoto Tominaga, Yutaka Kiyohara, Hideshi Kuzuya, Hideyo Yoshinaga, Toshihide Yoshida, Yuzo Sato, Naoki Sakane, and Satoru Tsujii
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Optimal cutoff ,endocrine system diseases ,Screening test ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Gastroenterology ,Body Mass Index ,Diabetes Complications ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Glucose Intolerance ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Mass screening ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Sex Characteristics ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fasting ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,ROC Curve ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
The discriminating abilities of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were compared on screening tests for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IGT plus diabetes mellitus by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Furthermore, effects of sex, age and BMI were examined on sensitivity and specificity of the optimal cutoff points. This study included 997 subjects who were recruited for 75 g OGTT after the first screening of the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program. According to the 1997 criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), 140 subjects were classified as diabetic and 256 as IGT. The areas under the ROC curves of FPG were significantly larger than those of HbA1c. The optimal cutoff points of FPG were 102 mg/dl for IGT and 105 mg/dl for IGT plus diabetes mellitus. Those of HbA1c were both 5.3%. In screening with FPG, females had significantly lower sensitivity and higher specificity than males, and the specificity for IGT plus diabetes mellitus was the lowest in the obese group. In screening with HbA1c, the specificity was low in the older and the obese groups. We concluded that FPG was superior to HbA1c for screening of IGT and IGT plus diabetes mellitus and the optimal cutoff point of FPG would be 102 mg/dl or greater.
- Published
- 2004
32. Uncoupling Protein 2 Promoter Polymorphism −866G/A Affects Its Expression in β-Cells and Modulates Clinical Profiles of Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- Author
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Masahiro Nishi, Hiroto Furuta, Hideyuki Sasaki, Eisaku Matsumoto, Kazuya Ueda, Kishio Nanjo, Miyoshi Sasahara, Tadashi Hanabusa, Setsuya Sakagashira, and Hiromichi Kawashima
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipose tissue ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Ion Channels ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,Islets of Langerhans ,Asian People ,Japan ,Reference Values ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Uncoupling protein ,Uncoupling Protein 2 ,Obesity ,Allele ,Allele frequency ,Aged ,DNA Primers ,Base Sequence ,Insulin ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Promoter ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female - Abstract
Common uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) promoter polymorphism −866G/A is reported to be associated with its expression in adipose tissue and the risk of obesity in Caucasians. On the other hand, several studies suggested that UCP2 expression in β-cells is an important determinant of insulin secretion. In the Japanese population, morbid obesity is very rare, and insulin secretion capacity is relatively low as compared with Caucasians. Because UCP2 would link to insulin secretion and obesity, it might explain this ethnic difference. Here, we report that the UCP2 promoter with the A allele showed higher promoter activity in the INS-1 β-cell line. The frequency of the A allele is higher in our Japanese study than that in Caucasians. Type 2 diabetic patients with the A allele need insulin therapy earlier and showed higher frequency of insulin treatment. Moreover glucose-induced early insulin secretion is significantly lower in patients with the A allele. However, there was no difference in allele frequency between obese and lean type 2 diabetic patients. In conclusion, UCP2 promoter polymorphism −866G/A does not affect obesity in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients but affects its transcription in β-cells and modulates glucose-induced insulin secretion and eventually insulin requirement in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Higher A allele frequency in the Japanese population might partly explain the ethnic difference of insulin secretion capacity.
- Published
- 2004
33. Clinical Study for In/Yo (yin/yang), Kyo/Jitsu (xu/shi) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Author
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Tadashi Hanabusa, Kishio Nanjo, Chizue Kawakami, Minoru Nishiyama, and Hiroto Bessho
- Subjects
Clinical study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,In patient ,business ,Gastroenterology - Abstract
2型糖尿病における東洋医学の証と西洋医学的な臨床指標との関連性を明確にするために, 2型糖尿病患者の陰陽証あるいは虚実証の頻度ならびに各証とインスリン抵抗性 (IR) との関連性を検討した。65名の2型糖尿病患者 [男性27名 (平均年齢60.9±12.0歳), 女性38名 (64.9±8.4歳)] を陰陽証あるいは虚実証単独で分類した場合の頻度は, 陰証30.8%, 中間証32.3%, 陽証36.9%あるいは虚証30.8%, 中間証33.8%, 実証35.4%であった。また, 陰陽・虚実証を併用した分類における頻度は陽実証26.2%, 中間中間証21.5%, 陰虚証18.5%, 陽虚証10.8%, 中間実証7.7%, 陽中間証6.2%, 陰中間証6.2%, 中間虚証3.1%であった。一方, インスリン療法を除く2型糖尿病患者についてIRの指標である空腹時血漿インスリン値 (fasting plasma insulin level: F-IRI) と Homeostasis Model Assessment によるインスリン抵抗性指標 (HOMA-IR) を検討すると, F-IRIは実証群が虚証群 (p=0.044) に比し, 陽実証群が陰虚証群 (p=0.033) に比し有意な高値, HOMA-IRは陽実証群が陰虚証群に比し有意な (p=0.017) 高値であった。以上より2型糖尿病患者では陽証と陰証, 実証と虚証が同程度存在することが確認された。さらに, 陽証や実証を呈する2型糖尿病患者ではIRとの関連性を有することが示唆された。
- Published
- 2004
34. Neurosarcoidosis with Spinal Root Pain as the First Symptom
- Author
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Tadashi Hanabusa, Kishio Nanjo, Hisao Wakasaki, Takeshi Shono, Hideyuki Sasaki, Hiroto Furuta, Masahiro Nishi, Masanori Tamai, Taisei Nakao, and Masato Kobayashi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Sarcoidosis ,Mediastinal lymphadenopathy ,Computed tomography ,Spinal Cord Diseases ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ,Neurosarcoidosis ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dermatome ,Back Pain ,Prednisolone ,Female ,Lymph ,Nervous System Diseases ,Spinal Nerve Roots ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We report a 60-year-old woman with neurosarcoidosis. She was referred to our hospital for examination of the cause of pain in left Th4-6 dermatome. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and her serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level was elevated. Histological finding of mediastinal lymph nodes consisted with sarcoidosis. Therefore, her pain was thought to be spinal root pain caused by neurosarcoidosis. With the administration of prednisolone, her symptom and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy disappeared, and serum ACE level became normal. It is important to pay attention to neurosarcoidosis when patients show unknown spinal root symptom, although it is rare.
- Published
- 2004
35. Bilateral atrophy of extensor digitorum brevis muscle may be useful for diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy in Japanese diabetic men
- Author
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Masahiro Nishi, Seigo Kurisu, Shohei Kishimoto, Hiroto Furuta, Hideyuki Sasaki, Takashi Akamizu, Kenichi Ogawa, Hiroto Tanaka, Kishio Nanjo, and Mika Yamaneki
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Endocrinology ,Atrophy ,Diabetic polyneuropathy ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,business ,Extensor digitorum brevis muscle - Published
- 2016
36. Clinical features of diabetes mellitus with the mitochondrial DNA 3243 (A–G) mutation in Japanese: Maternal inheritance and mitochondria-related complications
- Author
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Yutaka Seino, Masashi Kobayashi, Azuma Kanatsuka, Yoshitomo Oka, Takeshi Kuzuya, Tokio Sanke, Susumu Suzuki, Kishio Nanjo, and Takashi Kadowaki
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Non-Mendelian inheritance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Cardiomyopathy ,Deafness ,Mitochondrion ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Endocrinology ,Diabetic Neuropathies ,Japan ,Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Point Mutation ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,education ,Sick Sinus Syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,business.industry ,Insulin ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Female ,Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome ,business - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with the mitochondrial DNA 3243(A-G) mutation is reported to represent 0.5-2.8% of the general diabetic population. Since the characterization of diabetes with the mutation is still incomplete, we undertook a nation-wide case-finding study of genetically defined patients using questionnaires in Japan. One hundred and thirteen Japanese diabetic patients with the mutation were registered and analyzed. The patients had a high prevalence of maternal inheritance of diabetes and deafness, short and thin stature, and showed an early middle-aged onset of diabetes and deafness. Eighty-six percent of the patients required insulin therapy due to the progressive insulin secretory defect. Glucose intolerance of the mothers was associated with an early middle-aged onset of diabetes, reduction in the insulin secretory capacity, early requirement of insulin therapy, and increases in the daily insulin dose. The heteroplasmic concentrations of the 3243 mutation in leukocytes were low and declined with aging. The patients had advanced microvascular complications, and mitochondria-related complications such as cardiomyopathy, cardiac conductance disorders, neuromuscular symptoms, neuropsychiatric disturbance, and macular pattern dystrophy. Thus, this study has revealed that: (1) diabetes mellitus with the 3243 mutation is a subtype of diabetes mellitus with mitochondria-related complications; and (2) insulin secretory ability is more severely impaired in the patients whose mothers were glucose intolerance.
- Published
- 2003
37. Insulin gene mutations and diabetes
- Author
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Masahiro, Nishi and Kishio, Nanjo
- Subjects
Insulin gene mutation ,endocrine system ,Endoplasmic reticulum stress ,Neonatal diabetes ,Review Article ,Review Articles ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Some mutations of the insulin gene cause hyperinsulinemia or hyperproinsulinemia. Replacement of biologically important amino acid leads to defective receptor binding, longer half‐life and hyperinsulinemia. Three mutant insulins have been identified: (i) insulin Chicago (F49L or PheB25Leu); (ii) insulin Los Angeles (F48S or PheB24Ser); (iii) and insulin Wakayama (V92L or ValA3Leu). Replacement of amino acid is necessary for proinsulin processing results in hyperproinsulinemia. Four types have been identified: (i) proinsulin Providence (H34D); (ii) proinsulin Tokyo (R89H); (iii) proinsulin Kyoto (R89L); and (iv) proinsulin Oxford (R89P). Three of these are processing site mutations. The mutation of proinsulin Providence, in contrast, is thought to cause sorting abnormality. Compared with normal proinsulin, a significant amount of proinsulin Providence enters the constitutive pathway where processing does not occur. These insulin gene mutations with hyper(pro)insulinemia were very rare, showed only mild diabetes or glucose intolerance, and hyper(pro)insulinemia was the key for their diagnosis. However, this situation changed dramatically after the identification of insulin gene mutations as a cause of neonatal diabetes. This class of insulin gene mutations does not show hyper(pro)insulinemia. Mutations at the cysteine residue or creating a new cysteine will disturb the correct disulfide bonding and proper conformation, and finally will lead to misfolded proinsulin accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells. Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) or an autoantibody‐negative type 1‐like phenotype has also been reported. Very recently, recessive mutations with reduced insulin biosynthesis have been reported. The importance of insulin gene mutation in the pathogenesis of diabetes will increase a great deal and give us a new understanding of β‐cell biology and diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00100.x, 2011)
- Published
- 2014
38. Effect of anti-oxidants, Ricetrienol and α-tocopherol, on adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty diabetic rats
- Author
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Kunihiro, Tatsumi, Hideyuki, Sasaki, Atsuyo, Fujita, Asako, Doi, Yumi, Kanaya, Hiroto, Furuta, Masahiro, Nishi, Takuo, Tsuno, Hisaji, Taniguchi, and Kishio, Nanjo
- Subjects
Basic Science and Research ,Fatty liver ,Anti‐oxidant ,Original Article ,Articles ,Adipocytokine - Abstract
Introduction: We investigated the effect of Ricetrienol, which is an anti‐oxidant extracted from rice bran, and α‐tocopherol on the adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 OLETF rats were bred using a 30% sucrose solution (the diabetic group; DM), whereas another 18 OLETF rats were bred using ordinary water (the non‐diabetic obese group; OB) as drinking water, respectively. After the sucrose‐fed rats developed diabetes, all of the rats from the diabetic and obese groups were randomly divided into three groups. Then each group was fed either standard chow (DM‐S, OB‐S group), 0.05% Ricetrienol‐containing chow (DM‐R, OB‐R group) or 0.05%α‐tocopherol‐containing chow (DM‐A, OB‐A group), respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, all the rats were killed. Plasma insulin, adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assayed by enzyme immunoassay. Histopathological findings of liver tissue were scored according to Brunt and Kleiner’s method, and triglyceride contents of the liver tissue were investigated. Results: Plasma adiponectin was significantly reduced in DM‐S compared with OB‐S, but it had significantly increased in DM‐R and DM‐A as opposed to DM‐S. Plasma resistin showed a significant increase in DM‐S compared with OB‐S, but it was significantly reduced in DM‐A than in DM‐S. Though the triglyceride contents of liver tissue significantly increased in DM‐S as opposed to OB‐S, they were significantly reduced in DM‐R compared with DM‐S. Histopathological scores were significantly higher in DM‐S than OB‐S. Conclusions: The present study shows that Ricetrienol might prevent adipocytokine abnormalities and fatty liver in OLETF diabetic rats. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00090.x, 2011)
- Published
- 2014
39. Expression of wild-type and mutant S20G hIAPP in physiologic knock-in mouse models fails to induce islet amyloid formation, but induces mild glucose intolerance
- Author
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Henry J, Hiddinga, Setsuya, Sakagashira, Masayuki, Ishigame, Pranathi, Madde, Tokio, Sanke, Kishio, Nanjo, Yogish C, Kudva, James J, Lee, Jan, van Deursen, and Norman L, Eberhardt
- Subjects
Basic Science and Research ,Islet amyloid polypeptide ,Transgenic mice ,Original Article ,Type 2 diabetes ,Articles - Abstract
Aims/Introduction: Human islet polypeptide S20G mutation (hIAPPS20G) is associated with earlier onset type 2 diabetes and increased amyloidogenicity and cytotoxicity in vitro vs wild‐type hIAPP (hIAPPWT), suggesting that amyloidogenesis may be pathogenic for type 2 diabetes. We compared the contributions of hIAPPS20G and hIAPPWT toward intra islet amyloid formation and development of type 2 diabetes in a unique physiologic knock‐in mouse model. Materials and Methods: We replaced the mouse IAPP gene (M allele) with hIAPPWT (W allele) and hIAPPS20G (G allele) via homologous recombination and backbred transgenic mice against C57Bl/6 strain 5 generations to minimize genetic variation. Mice (3 month old) were maintained on control (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 15 months and studied at 3 month intervals by oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and pancreas histology to assess glucose homeostastis, amyloidogeneisis, islet mass, β cell replication, and apoptosis. Results: IAPP blood levels were indistinguishable in all mice. WW and GW mice maintained on both diets lacked intraislet amyloid at all ages. On both diets relative to MM controls WW and GW mice exhibit glucose intolerance (P
- Published
- 2014
40. Report of the committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Yutaka, Seino, Kishio, Nanjo, Naoko, Tajima, Takashi, Kadowaki, Atsunori, Kashiwagi, Eiichi, Araki, Chikako, Ito, Nobuya, Inagaki, Yasuhiko, Iwamoto, Masato, Kasuga, Toshiaki, Hanafusa, Masakazu, Haneda, and Kohjiro, Ueki
- Subjects
Diabetes mellitus ,HbA1c ,endocrine system diseases ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Special Report ,Clinical diagnosis - Abstract
Concept of Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases associated with various metabolic disorders, the main feature of which is chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin action. Its pathogenesis involves both genetic and environmental factors. The long‐term persistence of metabolic disorders can cause susceptibility to specific complications and also foster arteriosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a broad range of clinical presentations, from being asymptomatic to ketoacidosis or coma, depending on the degree of metabolic disorder. Classification (Tables 1 and 2, and Figure 1): Table 1 Etiological classification of diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism disorders I. Type 1 (destruction of pancreatic β‐cells, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) A. Autoimmune B. Idiopathic II. Type 2 (ranging from predominantly insulin secretory defect, to predominantly insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defect) III. Due to other specific mechanisms or diseases (see Table 2 for details) A. Those in which specific mutations have been identified as a cause of genetic susceptibility (1) Genetic abnormalities of pancreatic β‐cell function (2) Genetic abnormalities of insulin action B. Those associated with other diseases or conditions (1) Diseases of exocrine pancreas (2) Endocrine diseases (3) Liver disease (4) Drug‐ or chemical‐induced (5) Infections (6) Rare forms of immune‐mediated diabetes (7) Various genetic syndromes often associated with diabetes IV. Gestational diabetes mellitus Note: Those that cannot at present be classified as any of the above are called unclassifiable. The occurrence of diabetes‐specific complications has not been confirmed in some of these conditions. Table 2 Diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism disorders due to other specific mechanisms and diseases A. Those in which specific mutations have been identified as a cause of genetic susceptibility B. Those associated with other diseases or conditions (1) Genetic abnormalities of pancreatic β‐cell function Insulin gene (abnormal insulinemia, abnormal proinsulinemia, neonatal diabetes mellitus) HNF 4α gene (MODY1) Glucokinase gene (MODY2) HNF 1α gene (MODY3) IPF‐1 gene (MODY4) HNF 1β gene (MODY5) Mitochondria DNA (MIDD) NeuroD1 gene (MODY6) Kir6.2 gene (neonatal diabetes mellitus) SUR1 gene (neonatal diabetes mellitus) Amylin Others (2) Genetic abnormalities of insulin action Insulin receptor gene (type A insulin resistance, leprechaunism, Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome etc.) Others (1) Diseases of exocrine pancreas Pancreatitis Trauma/pancreatectomy Neoplasm Hemochromatosis Others (2) Endocrine diseases Cushing’s syndrome Acromegaly Pheochromocytoma Glucagonoma Aldosteronism Hyperthyroidism Somatostatinoma Others (3) Liver disease Chronic hepatitis Liver cirrhosis Others (4) Drug‐ or chemical‐induced Glucocorticoids Interferon Others (5) Infections Congenital rubella Cytomegalovirus Others (6) Rare forms of immune‐mediated diabetes Anti‐insulin receptor antibodies Stiffman syndrome Insulin autoimmune syndrome Others (7) Various genetic syndromes often associated with diabetes Down syndrome Prader‐Willi syndrome Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Werner syndrome Wolfram syndrome Ceruloplasmin deficiency Lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus Myotonic dystrophy Friedreich ataxia Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl syndrome Others The occurrence of diabetes‐specific complications has not been confirmed in some of these conditions. Figure 1 A scheme of the relationship between etiology (mechanism) and patho‐physiological stages (states) of diabetes mellitus. Arrows pointing right represent worsening of glucose metabolism disorders (including onset of diabetes mellitus). Among the arrow lines, indicates the condition classified as ‘diabetes mellitus’. Arrows pointing left represent improvement in the glucose metabolism disorder. The broken lines indicate events of low frequency. For example, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, infection can lead to ketoacidosis and require temporary insulin treatment for survival. Also, once diabetes mellitus has developed, it is treated as diabetes mellitus regardless of improvement in glucose metabolism, therefore, the arrow lines pointing left are filled in black. In such cases, a broken line is used, because complete normalization of glucose metabolism is rare. image The classification of glucose metabolism disorders is principally derived from etiology, and includes staging of pathophysiology based on the degree of deficiency of insulin action. These disorders are classified into four groups: (i) type 1 diabetes mellitus; (ii) type 2 diabetes mellitus; (iii) diabetes mellitus due to other specific mechanisms or diseases; and (iv) gestational diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by combinations of decreased insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance). Glucose metabolism disorders in category (iii) are divided into two subgroups; subgroup A is diabetes in which a genetic abnormality has been identified, and subgroup B is diabetes associated with other pathologic disorders or clinical conditions. The staging of glucose metabolism includes normal, borderline and diabetic stages depending on the degree of hyperglycemia occurring as a result of the lack of insulin action or clinical condition. The diabetic stage is then subdivided into three substages: non‐insulin‐ requiring, insulin‐requiring for glycemic control, and insulin‐dependent for survival. The two former conditions are called non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes and the latter is known as insulin‐dependent diabetes. In each individual, these stages may vary according to the deterioration or the improvement of the metabolic state, either spontaneously or by treatment. Diagnosis (Tables 3–7 and Figure 2): Table 3 Criteria of fasting plasma glucose levels and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2‐h value Normal range Diabetic range Fasting value
- Published
- 2014
41. A Missense Mutation of Pax4 Gene (R121W) Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese
- Author
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Hiroto Furuta, Takayuki Nakagawa, Yoshinori Shimajiri, Kishio Nanjo, Tadashi Hanabusa, Nobuyuki Takasu, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Tokio Sanke, and Yoshio Fujitani
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Heterozygote ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Mutation, Missense ,Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,Gene mutation ,Transfection ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Japan ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Paired Box Transcription Factors ,Missense mutation ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Luciferases ,Aged ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Genetics ,Insulin ,Homozygote ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pedigree ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,COS Cells ,PAX4 ,Female ,TCF7L2 ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Pax4 is one of the transcription factors that play an important role in the differentiation of islet β-cells. We scanned the Pax4 gene in 200 unrelated Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and found a missense mutation (R121W) in 6 heterozygous patients and 1 homozygous patient (mutant allele frequency 2.0%). The mutation was not found in 161 nondiabetic subjects. The R121W mutation was located in the paired domain and was thought to affect its transcription activity through lack of DNA binding. Six of seven patients had family history of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, and four of seven had transient insulin therapy at the onset. One of them, a homozygous carrier, had relatively early onset diabetes and slowly fell into an insulin-dependent state without an autoimmune-mediated process. This is the first report of a Pax4 gene mutation that exhibits loss of function and seems to be associated with type 2 diabetes. This work provides significant implications for the Pax4 gene as one of the predisposing genes for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese.
- Published
- 2001
42. The Pro12→Ala Substitution in PPAR-γ Is Associated With Resistance to Development of Diabetes in the General Population
- Author
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Kazuya Yamagata, Jun Takeda, Nobuhiro Yamada, Tokio Sanke, Hiroshi Ikegami, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Ituro Inoue, Naoko Iwasaki, Takanari Gotoda, Hiroyuki Mori, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Yutaka Seino, Takuya Awata, Yoshitomo Oka, Norihide Yokoi, Koichiro Yasuda, Eiichi Maeda, Akira Matsutani, Kishio Nanjo, Susumu Seino, Kazuo Hara, Yoshihiko Kawaguchi, Masato Kasuga, and Takashi Kadowaki
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Risk factor ,education ,Allele frequency - Abstract
The allele frequencies for a Pro 12 →Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ differ among ethnic groups, and its relationship with diabetes and associated diseases is controversial. The prevalence of this polymorphism and its effects on clinical characteristics have now been evaluated with a large number of Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes ( n = 2,201) and normal control subjects ( n = 1,212) recruited by 10 institutions located in seven different cities in Japan. The allele frequency for the Ala 12 variant was significantly lower in the type 2 diabetic group than in the control group (2.39 vs. 4.13%, P = 0.000054). However, compared with subjects without the Ala 12 variant, the diabetic subjects with this variant exhibited a significantly higher serum concentration of total cholesterol ( P = 0.001), manifested a reduced capacity for insulin secretion as evaluated by homeostasis model assessment ( P = 0.007), and tended to possess a higher level of HbA 1c . These data suggest that the Ala 12 variant is associated with a reduced risk for the development of diabetes in the general population, but that it may be also a risk factor for insulin deficiency and disease severity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2001
43. Enhancedin vitroproduction of amyloid-like fibrils from mutant (S20G) islet amyloid polypeptide
- Author
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Tokio Sanke, S. Sakagashira, Gunilla T. Westermark, Kishio Nanjo, Per Westermark, H. Sakamoto, Å Gustavsson, U. Engstrom, and Zhi Ma
- Subjects
Amyloid ,endocrine system ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Mutant ,Mutation, Missense ,Wild type ,Amylin ,In Vitro Techniques ,Fibril ,Islet ,Peptide Fragments ,Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ,Congo red ,Serine ,Islets of Langerhans ,Kinetics ,Microscopy, Electron ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Internal Medicine ,Humans - Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, "amylin") is the amyloid-fibril-forming polypeptide in the islets of Langerhans associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A missense mutation in the IAPP gene associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes has been identified in the Japanese population. This mutation results in a glycine for serine substitution at position 20 of the mature IAPP molecule. Whether or not formation of islet amyloid with resulting destruction of islet tissue is the cause of this diabetes is yet not known. The present in vitro study was performed in order to investigate any influence of the amino acid substitution on the fibril formation capacity. Synthetic full-length wild type (IAPPwt) and mutant (IAPPS20G) as well as corresponding truncated peptides (position 18-29) were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or in 10% acetic acid at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and their fibril forming capacity was checked by Congo red staining, electron microscopy, a Congo red affinity assay and Thioflavine Tfluorometric assay. It was found that full-length and truncated IAPPS20G both formed more amyloid-like fibrils and did this faster compared to IAPPwt. The fibril morphology differed slightly between the preparations.The amino acid substitution (S20G) is situated close to the region of the IAPP molecule implicated in the IAPP fibrillogenesis. The significantly increased formation of amyloid-like fibrils by IAPPS20G is highly interesting and may be associated with an increased islet amyloid formation in vivo and of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis of this specific form of diabetes.
- Published
- 2001
44. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in a 28-year-old Japanese Woman
- Author
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Tamaki Kondo, Hideyuki Sasaki, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Kishio Nanjo, Masahiro Nishi, Kenichi Ogawa, and Yutaka Kishi
- Subjects
Adult ,Tachycardia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Valsalva Maneuver ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Posture ,Orthostatic intolerance ,Blood Pressure ,Autonomic Nervous System ,Norepinephrine (medication) ,Norepinephrine ,Orthostatic vital signs ,Heart Rate ,Tilt-Table Test ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Valsalva maneuver ,medicine ,Humans ,Denervation ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pathophysiology ,Surgery ,Autonomic nervous system ,Cardiology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Adrenergic alpha-Agonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Postural tachycardia syndrome is defined as the development of orthostatic symptoms without orthostatic hypotension. We report a 28-year-old female patient with postural tachycardia syndrome who exhibited palpitation, lowgrade fever and weight loss. Evaluation of autonomic nervous system functions showed that cardiovagal function was normal. Sweat response to acetylcholine was decreased. Excessive blood pressure elevation was seen in phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver. Pathophysiologic factors in this case were considered to be α adrenergic denervation and β adrenergic hyperresponsiveness. It is important that this syndrome be widely recognized and properly diagnosed.(Internal Medicine 40: 1032-1036, 2001)
- Published
- 2001
45. A polymorphic marker in the leptin gene associated with Japanese morbid obesity
- Author
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Nobuyuki Takasu, Yuzuru Ohshiro, Tokio Sanke, Kazuya Ueda, Kishio Nanjo, Hideyuki Sasaki, Hisao Wakasaki, Hiromichi Kawashima, Masayuki Ishigame, Masahiro Nishi, and Hiroto Furuta
- Subjects
Genetic Markers ,Leptin ,Male ,Silent mutation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Biology ,Body Mass Index ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Allele ,education ,Genetics (clinical) ,education.field_of_study ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Leptin receptor ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Obesity, Morbid ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Genetic marker ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Body mass index ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
The prevaleance of morbid obesity (body mass index of 35.0 or greater) is low in Japan (0.2-0.3%), and little systematic investigation of its cause in this population has been carried out. Leptin plays a central role in regulation of body weight; mice deficient in leptin develop marked obesity. We sought mutations in the leptin gene in 53 morbidly obese Japanese (maximum body mass index 35-60) including 46 with type 2 diabetes. Direct DNA sequencing was performed following polymerase chain reaction amplification. Apart from a silent mutation at codon 25 (CAA/CAG, glutamine) detected in eight subjects, no mutations were detected. We found a significantly higher prevalence of the variant leptin 25CAG allele among the 53 obese subjects (0.085) studied than in 132 nonobese control subjects (0.011, P
- Published
- 2000
46. Nonsense mutation of islet-1 gene (Q310X) found in a type 2 diabetic patient with a strong family history
- Author
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Hiroto Furuta, Tadashi Hanabusa, Kishio Nanjo, Tokio Sanke, K Tsunoda, and Hiroko Shimomura
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Amyloid ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ,Mutant ,Nonsense mutation ,Mutation, Missense ,Amylin ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Type 2 diabetes ,Biology ,Gene mutation ,Transfection ,Cell Line ,Islets of Langerhans ,Transactivation ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Genetic Carrier Screening ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ,Pedigree ,Endocrinology ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,TCF7L2 ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Islet-1 (Isl-1) is one of the transcription factors that play an important role for the formation of the islet cells. We scanned the Isl-1 gene in 77 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with a family history and found a heterozygous nonsense mutation (Q310X) in 1 diabetic patient. The mutation was not found in 180 nondiabetic subjects. This mutation is located in the putative transactivation domain and deletes 40 amino acids of the COOH-terminal lesion. The Q310X mutant exhibited a 50% reduction in activity compared with the wild-type when tested for stimulation of transcription of a human amylin promoter-linked luciferase reporter gene in betaTC3 cells. The patient was a 49-year-old nonobese man who was diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes at 32 years of age and has been treated with sulfonylureas. The mutation was found in his mother, who has type 2 diabetes, and in his 14-year-old daughter, who has normal glucose tolerance but a relatively low insulin response. This is the first reported finding of Isl-1 gene mutation in type 2 diabetes. Although Isl-1 is not a common predisposing gene for Japanese type 2 diabetes, the mutation in this gene may be a rare cause of diabetes in isolated families.
- Published
- 2000
47. Hashimoto Encephalopathy
- Author
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Takayuki Ota, Hiroyuki Yamaoka, Yasushi Furukawa, Hiroko Shimomura, Yoshio Nakano, Hisao Wakasaki, Hiroto Furuta, Masahiro Nishi, Hideyuki Sasaki, and Kishio Nanjo
- Subjects
General Medicine - Published
- 2009
48. Organization of the human carboxypeptidase E gene and molecular scanning for mutations in Japanese subjects with NIDDM or obesity
- Author
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Hitomi Tatsuta, Kishio Nanjo, Tokio Sanke, Shinya Ohagi, Tadashi Hanabusa, and Naoko Utsunomiya
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Prohormone convertase ,Carboxypeptidases ,Exon ,Japan ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Point Mutation ,Coding region ,Genetic Testing ,Obesity ,Gene ,Proinsulin ,Genetics ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Insulin ,Carboxypeptidase H ,Genetic Variation ,Promoter ,DNA ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Middle Aged ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Genes ,Carboxypeptidase E ,biology.protein ,Female - Abstract
Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic beta cell as a larger precursor molecule proinsulin which is converted to insulin and C-peptide by the concerted action of prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), prohormone convertase 3 (PC3) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE). One of the features of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is an elevation in the proinsulin level and/or proinsulin/insulin molar ratio suggesting that mutations in these three proinsulin processing enzymes might contribute to the development of NIDDM. The identification of a mutation in the CPE gene of the fat/fat mouse which leads to marked hyperproinsulinaemia and late-onset obesity and diabetes is consistent with a possible role for mutations in CPE in the development of diabetes and obesity in humans. In order to test this hypothesis, we have isolated and characterized the human CPE gene and screened it for mutations in a group of Japanese subjects with NIDDM and obesity. The human CPE gene consists of 9 exons spanning more than 60 kb. Primer extension analysis identified the transcriptional start site at –141 bp from the translational start site. Single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the promoter and entire coding region of the CPE gene in 269 Japanese subjects with NIDDM, 28 nondiabetic obese subjects and 104 nonobese and nondiabetic controls revealed three nucleotide changes, a G-to-T substitution at nucleotide –53, a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide –144 (relative to start of transcription) in the promoter region and a silent G-to-A substitution in codon 219. None of the nucleotide substitutions were associated with NIDDM or obesity. Thus, genetic variation in the CPE gene does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM or obesity in Japanese subjects. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 701–705]
- Published
- 1998
49. From Clinical Studies of Diabetes to Molecular Biology. Identification of Abnormal Insulin 'Insulin Wakayama'
- Author
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M. Kondo, Tadashi Hanabusa, Tokio Sanke, Kishio Nanjo, and Kazuhiko Okai
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biological activity ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Endocrinology ,In vivo ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Hyperinsulinemia ,Secretion ,business - Abstract
The recent development of molecular biology enables us to identify three abnormal insulins (insulin Chicago, insulin LosAngeles and insulin Wakayama). In Japan, three pedigrees in which affected individuals secrete [LeuA3] insulin (insulin Wakayama) have been identified. In each family, hyperinsulinemia associated with an abnormally elevated insulin to C-peptide molar ratio was demonstrated to occur in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. In accordance with in vivo observations, semisynthetic [LeuA3] insulin demonstrated reduced in vitro receptor binding and biological activity relative to the human standard. The development of diabetes mellitus in affected family members was not uniform, was influenced by aging, and was different among families. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance demonstrated reduced insulin secretory reserve. Some of these features are thought to resemble the nature of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).Therefore, insulin Wakayama may be an useful model for the study of the development of NIDDM.
- Published
- 1998
50. The Absence of Synergism between the Effects of an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Epalrestat, and a Vasodilator, Cilostazol, on the Nerve Conduction Slowing and the Myelinated Fiber Atrophy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
- Author
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Yutaka Kishi, Keigo Naka, Hideyuki Sasaki, Tokio Sanke, Masakuni Mukoyama, Kishio Nanjo, and Machi Furuta
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Diabetic neuropathy ,Rhodanine ,Myelinated nerve fiber ,Vasodilator Agents ,Neural Conduction ,Tetrazoles ,Motor nerve ,Sural nerve ,Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Aldehyde Reductase ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Rats, Wistar ,Epalrestat ,business.industry ,Drug Synergism ,medicine.disease ,Aldose reductase inhibitor ,Cilostazol ,Rats ,Peripheral neuropathy ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Thiazolidines ,Atrophy ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The preventive effects of combined or separate treatment for 10 weeks with an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat (50 mg/kg/day), and a vasodilator, cilostazol (30 mg/kg/day), on nerve conduction deficits and morphometric alterations were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The average motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCV) in the tail nerve of the untreated diabetic (DM) group, the group treated with epalrestat (ES), the group treated with cilostazol (CZ), the group with both agents together (ES&CZ), and the normal control group were 34.7, 37.7, 39.3, 39.0 and 42.1 m/s, respectively. All treatments partially but significantly prevented a reduction in MNCV. The MNCV in the ES&CZ group was almost the same as in the CZ group. In a morphometric study of the sural nerve, the DM group showed a reduction in the average diameter of myelinated fiber and in occupancy (percentage of the fascicular area occupied by myelinated fibers), and a shift in the diameter–frequency histogram to smaller diameters. Only the CZ group showed evidence of a partial but significant preventive effect on the decrease in occupancy. In the CS and ES&CZ groups, there was a significant tendency away from the shift of histograms to smaller diameters. The ES&CZ group did not show any fewer morphometric changes than the CZ group. Thus, there was no synergism between the effects of epalrestat and cilostazol on the development of experimental diabetic neuropathy. This finding may provide a useful clue to the mechanisms of action of ES and CZ in diabetic neuropathy.
- Published
- 1997
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