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이 연구는 불법스포츠도박에 내재된 비합리적 도박신념 경험과 도박중독, 일탈행동, 학교생활 간의 인과모형을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 불법스포츠도박 경험이 있는 A지역에 소속된 청소년을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 구체적으로 A지역의 권역에 따라 중학교와 고등학교에서 불법스포츠도박 경험이 있거나 현재 참여하고 있는 학생을 대상으로 유목적 표집과 눈덩이 표집을 혼용하여 360명을 표집 하였으며, 불성실하게 응답하였거나 누락된 대상을 71명을 제외한 289부의 유효 표본을 확보하였다. 연구모형 분석을 위해 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 불법스포츠도박에 내재된 비합리적 도박신념 경험은 도박중독에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 불법스포츠 도박중독은 일탈행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 불법스포츠 도박중독은 학교생활에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 불법스포츠도박 경험에 의한 일탈행동은 학교생활에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 오늘날 불법스포츠도박은 청소년을 비롯하여 현대인들에게 있어 삶의 일부분을 차지하고 있다. 스포츠가 하나의 핵심 콘텐츠로 자리매김하고 있는 현상을 감안할 때, 청소년들에게 불법스포츠도박 아닌 건전한 스포츠의 문화로서 인식되길 바란다. 스포츠를 매개로 한 승부참여형 게임의 재미를 합법화한 것이 스포츠토토이기 때문에 청소년들을 불법에서 합법으로 전환시켜 건전한 스포츠도박 문화를 조성할 필요가 있다.

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms typically assume class-balanced datasets, although the class distributions of many real-world datasets are imbalanced. In general, classifiers trained on a class-imbalanced dataset are biased toward the majority classes. This issue becomes more problematic for SSL algorithms because they utilize the biased prediction of unlabeled data for training. However, traditional class-imbalanced learning techniques, which are designed for labeled data, cannot be readily combined with SSL algorithms. We propose a scalable class-imbalanced SSL algorithm that can effectively use unlabeled data, while mitigating class imbalance by introducing an auxiliary balanced classifier (ABC) of a single layer, which is attached to a representation layer of an existing SSL algorithm. The ABC is trained with a class-balanced loss of a minibatch, while using high-quality representations learned from all data points in the minibatch using the backbone SSL algorithm to avoid overfitting and information loss.Moreover, we use consistency regularization, a recent SSL technique for utilizing unlabeled data in a modified way, to train the ABC to be balanced among the classes by selecting unlabeled data with the same probability for each class. The proposed algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in various class-imbalanced SSL experiments using four benchmark datasets.

The M13 bacteriophage, a nature-inspired environmentally friendly biomaterial, is used as a perovskite crystal growth template and a grain boundary passivator in perovskite solar cells. The amino groups and carboxyl groups of amino acids on the M13 bacteriophage surface function as Lewis bases, interacting with the perovskite materials. The M13 bacteriophage-added perovskite films show a larger grain size and reduced trap-sites compared with the reference perovskite films. In addition, the existence of the M13 bacteriophage induces light scattering effect, which enhances the light absorption particularly in the long-wavelength region around 825 nm. Both the passivation effect of the M13 bacteriophage coordinating to the perovskite defect sites and the light scattering effect intensify when the M13 virus-added perovskite precursor solution is heated at 90 °C prior to the film formation. Heating the solution denatures the M13 bacteriophage by breaking their inter- and intra-molecular bondings. The denatured M13 bacteriophage-added perovskite solar cells exhibit an efficiency of 20.1% while the reference devices give an efficiency of 17.8%. The great improvement in efficiency comes from all of the three photovoltaic parameters, namely short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor, which correspond to the perovskite grain size, trap-site passivation, and charge transport, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the addiction of gambling, one of the deviations that are considered a social problem which are related to sports gambling. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the propensity of addiction that is inherent in Sports Toto, and al so conduct an in-depth study the rationalization of addiction to Sports Toto in relevance to the views of the neutralization theory by Sykes and Matza(1957). For this, this study used case study a methods of qualitative research. Participants were selected by using purposive sampling. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and collecting relevant data. The collected data was put in a test analysis. The study results is as follows. First, the propensity of addiction that was noticed by Sports Toto constituents were seen through, betting whenever money was available, belief in making a fortune at stroke， a tenacity for probabilities, difficulties during everyday life that come from resistance, and participating in a dangerous sport. Constituents had trust in the belief that it was able to earn a large sum of money through Sports Toto and so were betting their money in a world of hope, and showed a tendency to invest their money in Sports Toto whenever they had the appropriate amount.

Chronic non-granulomatous jejunoileitis is a rare disease characterized by malabsorption, abdominal pain, and diarrhea that causes shallow ulcers in the small bowel. The etiology of chronic non-granulomatous jejunolieitis remains unknown. A 69-year-old man complained of abdominal pain and lower extremity edema. A 99m-Tc albumin scan showed increased radioactivity at the left upper quadrant, suggesting protein-losing enteropathy. A small bowel follow-through did not disclose any lesions. Wireless capsule endoscopy revealed several small bowel ulcers and strictures. A jejunoileal segmentectomy with end-to-end anastomosis was performed, and the histologic examination revealed non-granulomatous ulcers with focal villous atrophy. Ruling out all other possible diagnoses, we diagnosed our patient with chronic non-granulomatous ulcerative jejunoileitis. Postoperatively, the patient's abdominal pain and lower extremity edema improved, and the serum albumin normalized. This is the first case of chronic non-granulomatous ulcerative jejunoileitis localized by wireless capsule endoscopy and treated successfully with segment resection.

Calculations of fcc aluminum matrix/Al 3 M equilibria for the Al-2at% (Ti, V, Zr) system have been made to predict the behavior of site fractions of transition elements in the DO 23 Al 3 Ti, V, Zr) phase. It has been found out that Ti and Zr behave similarly, but V behaves differently. Results show that the nominal Ti: V: Zr ratio formulated in the alloy composition is not carried through to the trialuminide phase.

We study the diffusion and rotation of Pt nanoclusters supported on graphite. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we reveal that the supported Pt clusters have two types of bottom layers: a hexagonal lattice and a rectangular lattice. The diffusion rate of the Pt clusters mainly depends on the types of bottom layers. This observation is explained by the periodic lattice matching between the bottom layer and the graphite. In addition to lateral diffusion, we find that the Pt clusters with a rectangular or mixed lattice tend to rotate or wag on the z axis. By using the rotation rates and total movements of all atoms, we show that the rotation of a Pt cluster can be induced by the difference in the diffusion rates for the different types of bottom layers. This outcome is well in accord with our diffusion mechanism.

Bioresorbable drug release platforms offer advanced treatment for hormone imbalances, malignant cancers, and diabetic conditions., Implantable drug release platforms that offer wirelessly programmable control over pharmacokinetics have potential in advanced treatment protocols for hormone imbalances, malignant cancers, diabetic conditions, and others. We present a system with this type of functionality in which the constituent materials undergo complete bioresorption to eliminate device load from the patient after completing the final stage of the release process. Here, bioresorbable polyanhydride reservoirs store drugs in defined reservoirs without leakage until wirelessly triggered valve structures open to allow release. These valves operate through an electrochemical mechanism of geometrically accelerated corrosion induced by passage of electrical current from a wireless, bioresorbable power-harvesting unit. Evaluations in cell cultures demonstrate the efficacy of this technology for the treatment of cancerous tissues by release of the drug doxorubicin. Complete in vivo studies of platforms with multiple, independently controlled release events in live-animal models illustrate capabilities for control of blood glucose levels by timed delivery of insulin.