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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jom-10.1177_01492063221149676 for Not Always Helpful: Linking Intrateam Helping Types to Team Effectiveness From a Role Theory Perspective by Sang-Hoon Lee, Yihao Liu, Jaclyn Koopmann, Jee Young Seo, Le Zhou, and Yangyi Yu in Journal of Management

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jom-10.1177_01492063221149676 for Not Always Helpful: Linking Intrateam Helping Types to Team Effectiveness From a Role Theory Perspective by Sang-Hoon Lee, Yihao Liu, Jaclyn Koopmann, Jee Young Seo, Le Zhou, and Yangyi Yu in Journal of Management

Researchers developed chromosome capture methods such as Hi-C to better understand DNA's 3D folding in nuclei. The Hi-C method captures contact frequencies between DNA segment pairs across the genome. When analyzing Hi-C data sets, it is common to group these pairs using standard bioinformatics methods (e.g., PCA). Other approaches handle Hi-C data as weighted networks, where connected node represent DNA segments in 3D proximity. In this representation, one can leverage community detection techniques developed in complex network theory to group nodes into mesoscale communities containing similar connection patterns. While there are several successful attempts to analyze Hi-C data in this way, it is common to report and study the most typical community structure. But in reality, there are often several valid candidates. Therefore, depending on algorithm design, different community detection methods focusing on slightly different connectivity features may have differing views on the ideal node groupings. In fact, even the same community detection method may yield different results if using a stochastic algorithm. This ambiguity is fundamental to community detection and shared by most complex networks whenever interactions span all scales in the network. This is known as community inconsistency. This paper explores this inconsistency of 3D communities in Hi-C data for all human chromosomes. We base our analysis on two inconsistency metrics, one local and one global, and quantify the network scales where the community separation is most variable. For example, we find that TADs are less reliable than A/B compartments and that nodes with highly variable node-community memberships are associated with open chromatin. Overall, our study provides a helpful framework for data-driven researchers and increases awareness of some inherent challenges when clustering Hi-C data into 3D communities., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Diffusion-based generative models have exhibited powerful generative performance in recent years. However, as many attributes exist in the data distribution and owing to several limitations of sharing the model parameters across all levels of the generation process, it remains challenging to control specific styles for each attribute. To address the above problem, this paper presents decoupled denoising diffusion models (DDDMs) with disentangled representations, which can control the style for each attribute in generative models. We apply DDDMs to voice conversion (VC) tasks to address the challenges of disentangling and controlling each speech attribute (e.g., linguistic information, intonation, and timbre). First, we use a self-supervised representation to disentangle the speech representation. Subsequently, the DDDMs are applied to resynthesize the speech from the disentangled representations for denoising with respect to each attribute. Moreover, we also propose the prior mixup for robust voice style transfer, which uses the converted representation of the mixed style as a prior distribution for the diffusion models. The experimental results reveal that our method outperforms publicly available VC models. Furthermore, we show that our method provides robust generative performance regardless of the model size. Audio samples are available https://hayeong0.github.io/DDDM-VC-demo/., Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 17 tables, under review

While generative adversarial networks (GANs) based neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems have shown significant improvement in neural speech synthesis, there is no TTS system to learn to synthesize speech from text sequences with only adversarial feedback. Because adversarial feedback alone is not sufficient to train the generator, current models still require the reconstruction loss compared with the ground-truth and the generated mel-spectrogram directly. In this paper, we present Multi-SpectroGAN (MSG), which can train the multi-speaker model with only the adversarial feedback by conditioning a self-supervised hidden representation of the generator to a conditional discriminator. This leads to better guidance for generator training. Moreover, we also propose adversarial style combination (ASC) for better generalization in the unseen speaking style and transcript, which can learn latent representations of the combined style embedding from multiple mel-spectrograms. Trained with ASC and feature matching, the MSG synthesizes a high-diversity mel-spectrogram by controlling and mixing the individual speaking styles (e.g., duration, pitch, and energy). The result shows that the MSG synthesizes a high-fidelity mel-spectrogram, which has almost the same naturalness MOS score as the ground-truth mel-spectrogram., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, Accepted paper in AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2021

BackgroundMechanical stress are one of the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). During pregnancy, the mechanical overload on the spine and pelvis increases due to gravid uterus. We aimed to investigate whether pregnancy affects radiographic progression in patients with radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) based on computed tomography (CT) evaluations.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included women with r-axSpA aged 19–49 years who underwent at least two CT evaluations of the whole spine and/or sacroiliac joints (SIJs) at intervals of 2–4 years. To compare radiographic progression after delivery, we classified the patients into two groups: delivery group and controls. The delivery group was restricted to women who had the first CT ∼2 years before delivery and the second CT ∼2 years after delivery. The CT Syndesmophyte Score (CTSS) (0–522) and SIJ scores (0–40) were used to evaluate spinal syndesmophytes and erosion, joint space narrowing, and sclerosis of the SIJs.ResultsA total of 21 women in the delivery group and 38 women in the control group were included. The median (Q1–Q3) CTSS at baseline in the delivery group and controls was 19 (16–23) and 20 (13.25–27.75), and the median progression was 1 (0–3) and 0 (0–1) during the median 2.9-year follow-up, respectively. The median (Q1–Q3) SIJ score at baseline in the delivery group and controls was 13 (8–22) and 11 (6–22), and the median progression was 1.5 (0–3) and 1 (0–2), respectively. Using cut-off 0.5, 52.9, and 61.9% of r-axSpA patients and 39.3 and 44.4% of controls showed progression of whole spine and SIJs, respectively. However, no difference in proportion of spinal and SIJ progression and absolute score changes per time point was observed between two groups. Moreover, the SIJ score changes were comparable according to the delivery method.ConclusionPregnancy and delivery do not affect the radiographic progression of the spine and SIJs in women with r-axSpA assessed by CT.

Data on the crude protein requirements of elk doe are nonexistent and the data are essential for their management in Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the crude protein requirement for maintenance of elk doe. Three female elk deer were used in 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets containing three levels of crude protein (CP) that contained low crude protein (approximately 12%), medium crude protein (15%), and high crude protein (18%). Each three elk doe trials included a 14-day preliminary period and a 5-day collection period. Crude protein intake was 4.83, 6.26, and 9.00 g/d for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. Crude protein balances were 1.04, 1.41, and 4.14 for 12%, 15%, and 18% of CP level, respectively. The maintenance requirement for CP from the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance were 3.70 g/BW0.75.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666221135314 for Protective effect of methotrexate on lung function and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis–related interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort study by Kangjoon Kim, Ala Woo, Youngmok Park, Seung Hyun Yong, Su Hwan Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Ah Young Leem, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Young Sam Kim and Moo Suk Park in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tar-10.1177_17534666221135314 for Protective effect of methotrexate on lung function and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis–related interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort study by Kangjoon Kim, Ala Woo, Youngmok Park, Seung Hyun Yong, Su Hwan Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Ah Young Leem, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Young Sam Kim and Moo Suk Park in Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Time table for NOX4 inhibitor treatment in the high tidal volume group. Fig. S2. Effect of NOX4/EphA2 inhibition in alveolar macrophage under mechanical stretch-induced lung injury. Fig. S3. Potential mechanisms by which NOX4 inhibition attenuates VILI.

The prevalence of rapid eye movement obstructive sleep apnea (REM-OSA) varies among reports. It remains unclear whether or not patients with REM-OSA experience more severe daytime sleepiness and poorer sleep quality than those with sleep-stage-independent obstructive sleep apnea (IND-OSA). We investigated the prevalence of REM-OSA in a Korean population sample and determined whether or not REM-OSA was associated with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.In this retrospective study. we defined "REM-OSA 1" as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 and AHIAmong 483 patients, the prevalence rates of REM-OSA 1-3 were 10.3%, 5.5%, and 2.2% respectively. OSA severity was significantly lower in REM-OSA 1-3 than in IND-OSA. The proportion of women was significantly higher in REM-OSA 1-3 than IND-OSA groups. Patients with REM-OSA 2 and 3 had a significantly lower body mass index than those with IND-OSA. Patients with moderate-to-severe REM-OSA had significantly higher PSQI scores than those with IND-OSA. The AHIDespite the relatively low prevalence and severity of REM-OSA, it may reduce sleep quality and increase daytime sleepiness in some patients.

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia are frequently appeared and associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients. We aim to evaluate the association between the bilirubin to albumin ratio and prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 731 patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a tertiary-care center from July 2015 to September 2017. We analyzed the bilirubin to albumin ratio on admission to the MICU, including clinical characteristics and other examinations. Results: The overall 28-day survival of MICU patients was 69.1%. On univariate analysis, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (P

Additional file 1. Supplement 1. The morphologies and functionalities of NPCCs. A. The morphologies of NPCCs at day.1, 3, 5 after isolation (BF ; bright field). The scale bars represent 200 um; B. AO/PI staining of NPCCs at day.5 after isolation. AO stained the live cells (green) and PI stained the dead cells (red) (n=5). The scale bars represent 200 um; C: The viability of NPCCs was quantified from the result of AOPI staining at day.5 after isolation (n = 5); D: Stimulation index (SI) was calculated by dividing the insulin quantities at high glucose (28.0 mM) by that at low glucose (2.8 mM) at day.5 after isolation (n = 5). Supplement 2. The viability of THP-1 cell lines for polymersome. The viability of NHS-PSome nano-encapsulated THP-1 was measured through MTT assay (n = 4).

Additional file 2. Additional methods.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Confocal microscopy images of AC-Ins (A) and AC-Ins coated with FITC-labeled UEA-1 (B). Green signals represent the FITC-labeled UEA-1. Scale bar represents 2.5 µm. Figure S2. Deconvoluted amide I region of FT-IR spectra (A) and the secondary structure contents (B) of insulin released from different formulations after incubation at pH 6.8 for 8 h. Deconvolution of the amide I region of the spectra was performed by using Omnic software ver.1.08 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Secondary structure contents were assigned from deconvolution peak positions as alpha-helix at 1656 cm−1, random at 1647 cm−1, beta-sheet at 1630 cm−1, and beta-turn at 1677 cm−1. Figure S3. Effect of aminoclay and each formulation on cell viability in Caco-2 cells. Cytotoxic effects were determined after 48 h of incubation (mean ± SD, n = 3).

Fabrication process and dimensions of shallow and deep HCWN plates. (a) Fabrication of the PDMS base mold. (b) Process for fabricating shallow HCWN plates. (i) The PDMS prepolymer is poured onto the channel. (ii) The PDMS prepolymer is swept out by gently pressing the soft PDMS base mold using a glass slide. (iii) The PDMS prepolymer is cured at 80°C for 1 hour. (c) Process for fabricating deep HCWN plates. After performing steps (i) and (ii) as for the shallow system, the residual PDMS prepolymer was removed by suction (iii). (iv) After formation of deep HCWN system features, the PDMS plate was cured. (d) Picture of the deep HCWN (e) The residual PDMS prepolymer after sweeping (b) and suction (c). Statistical analysis was performed using student’s t-test. Data shown are mean values (%)±standard error with N=6 (individual connection rate measurements from four regions) (**P < 0.001). Figure S2. Schematic diagram of the SU-8 replica fabrication process for shallow and deep HCWN plates. 1. Fabrication of shallow and deep HCWN plates. 2. Pouring SU-8 n shall and deep HCWN plates. 3. Su-8 replica of the convex structure network. Figure S3. Cell seeding on shallow and deep HCWN plates. (a) A 1-ml cell suspension was directly seeded onto shallow and deep HCWN plates with repeated gentle pipetting. Ten minutes after seeding, neural cells had settled within the plate (i); culture medium was then gently applied to remove cells that did not settle (ii). (b, c) Settled cells after the wash-out process in the shallow HCWN system (b) and deep HCWN system (c). Figure S4. Definition of neurite connection. (a) Single neurite connection through the channel. (b) Multi-connection and bundled neurite networks through the channel. Figure S5. Neurites growing outside the channel in the shallow HCWN system.

Zero-net-energy (ZNE) homes produce an adequate amount of energy on-site to meet their energy demand based on source energy for an entire year. California building energy efficiency standards require new residential buildings started in 2020 to be ZNE. For various reasons, a home designed as ZNE may not achieve ZNE performance in real operation. This study aimed to quantify the robustness of the energy performance of ZNE homes due to weather variability, climate change, and the uncertainty of occupant behavior. A single-family ZNE house, based on the optimal cost-effective design in three California climate zones, was used to develop the EnergyPlus simulation models. Weather variations were considered from a combination of the historical 30 years’ actual meteorological year (AMY) weather data, typical year weather data in TMY3, and future weather data based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios. Three scenarios of occupant behavior from the energy perspective were defined to represent the uncertainty about occupants’ activities, comfort requirements, and their adaptive interactions with buildings and systems. In terms of annual source energy, the simulation results of the ZNE homes showed: (1) a decrease of 23–38 percent for occupants with energy austerity behavior and an increase of 120–130 percent for occupants with energy wasteful behavior, compared with the baseline assumption of normal occupants; (2) a variation range of −15 percent to +14 percent for the results using 30-year AMY weather data compared with the baseline results using TMY3 weather data; (3) an increase of 10–13 percent with future weather in Fresno and Riverside and a decrease of 15 percent with San Francisco; and (4) climate change can reduce the gap between the austerity and wasteful consumption. These findings provide insights into how ZNE homes may perform in reality and inform architects, engineers, occupants, and policymakers to pay more attention to occupant behavior on design, operation, and regulations of ZNE homes to ensure energy performance robustness.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and other members of the Notch pathway may offer new targets for development of anti-angiogenesis drugs for the treatment of several tumor types. However, the role of DLL4 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of DLL4 overexpression on recurrence and survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: DLL4 expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 336 GC patients. Samples were classified into high and low DLL4 expression according to a cut-off of 50% positively stained cells. The correlation between DLL4 expression and clinicopathological parameters, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were statistically analyzed. Results: High DLL4 expression was observed in 67 (19.9%) of the 336 GC patients. After a median follow-up duration of 54.97 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 52.40-57.55 months), patients at stage II-IV with high DLL4 expression showed significantly poorer DFS compared with those at the same stage but with low DLL4 expression [not reached (NR) for both cohorts, hazard ratio (HR) 0.73 (95% CI, 0.38-1.40); p = 0.007]. Likewise, GC patients with high DLL4 expression had a significantly shorter OS following curative surgery compared to those with low DLL4 expression [NR for both groups, HR 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.96; p = 0.002]. High DLL4 expression had a greater influence on DFS in stage IIIb/IV patients than in patients at early stages [34.87 vs. 10.1 months; HR, 0.44 (95% CI, 0.19-0.96); p = 0.004]. Moreover, stage IIIb/IV patients with high DLL4 expression had a significantly shorter OS after surgery than those with low DLL4 expression [58.87 vs. 16.93 months, HR 0.39 (95% CI, 0.16-0.99), p = 0.001). Conclusion: High DLL4 expression was observed in 19.9% of GC patients and was significantly associated with poor survival following curative surgery. Given its prevalence in the GC cohort with a poor prognosis, DLL4 is a potential therapeutic target.

사회가 급속히 변화하면서 종업원들의 자발적인 업무 수행이 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 이에 종업원들은 Job Crafting 전략을 이용하여 그들의 업무 자체의 범위나 방법 (Task Crafting), 업무에 대한 인식 (Cognitive Crafting), 그리고 직장 동료들과의 관계 (Relational Crafting) 등을 자신의 능력과 환경에 맞도록 자발적으로 변화시켜 업무의 효율성 증진을 꾀하고 있다. 이와 같은 Job Crafting의 중요성을 강조하기 위하여 기존의 연구에서는 종업원들의 Job Crafting 행동으로부터 얻을 수 있는 성과를 발견하고 검증하는 데에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있고, 가장 널리 알려진 성과는 종업원들의 업무 몰입도일 것이다. 그러나 종업원들의 Job Crafting 활동이 어떤 과정을 거쳐서 그들의 업무 몰입도에 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 탐색한 논문은 매우 드물다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이 과정에서 어떤 환경 변수들이 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하여 보았다. 과거에 비하여 현재의 업무환경의 가장 큰 변화는 업무가 매우 복잡해졌다는 점과 업무에 있어서 정보통신기술 (ICT)의 활용이 보편화되었다는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지의 현재 업무 환경의 특징들 (업무가 복잡화되면서 발생한 개인의 역할모호성과 ICT의 활용으로 인한 지속적인 커뮤니케이션)이 Job Crafting이 업무 몰입도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 어떤 작용을 하는지를 실증적으로 탐색하여 보았다. 연구 결과, 역할 모호성은 Cognitive Crafting과 Relational Crafting이 업무 몰입에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 매개하는 것으로 조사되었고, ICT 활용으로 인한 지속적인 커뮤니케이션 정도는 Cognitive Crafting가 업무 모호성에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 조절하는 것으로 조사되었다.

최근 남북관계가 개선되면서 철도, 도로, 산림 등 경제협력에 대한 논의가 본격화되고 있다. 북한은 발전소와 전력망 등 전력인프라 노후화, 발전용량의 절대적 부족으로 심각한 에너지 위기를 겪고 있으므로 에너지 협력은 더욱 실질적 단계로 나아갈 수 있다. 특히 재생에너지는 소규모 개발과 수요지 인근에 건설이 쉬워 대규모 전력망 없이 전력을 공급할 수 있고, 난방, 취사, 조명 등 주민들의 생활에 필요한 에너지를 공급할 수 있으므로 인도적인 지원도 가능하다. 또한, 한반도 에너지전환과 지속가능한 미래를 위해서도 재생에너지가 협력의 중심이 될 필요가 있다. 북한은 2013년에 제정된 『재생에네르기법』에 근거하여 2044년까지 태양광과 풍력 등 5GW의 설비를 공급하는 목표를 제시하고 있다. 『재생에네르기법』은 재생에너지 개발과 이용을 장려하고 재생에너지 산업을 활성화하여 경제를 지속적으로 발전시키고 인민 생활 수준을 높이며 국토환경을 보호하는 데 이바지하려는 목적이 있다고 밝히고 있다. 또한, 북한은 개마고원 일대, 서해안 지역이 풍황 자원이 우수하고, 평균 일사량도 남한과 비슷한 수준이어서 소규모 재생에너지 개발을 통한 전력공급에 유리한 여건을 갖추고 있다. 남북 재생에너지 협력을 위한 전략으로 도시형과 농촌형 두 가지 접근 방법을 검토할 수 있다. 상대적으로 전력수요가 집중된 도시지역에 베란다 태양광, 건물 일체형 태양광, 열병합발전과 재생에너지를 연동시킨 지역난방 주택 등을 도입할 수 있다. 농촌지역은 난방과 취사, 농업용으로 필요한 열과 〮전기를 스스로 공급하는 에너지 자립마을을 구상할 수 있다. 정책 개선 방향으로 남북교류협력사업의 무상지원 범위를 확대할 필요가 있고, 국내 『신에너지 및 재생에너지 개발·이용·보급 촉진법』에 북한지역 사업에 대한 지원과 관리규정을 마련해야 한다. 우리와 체계가 다른 북한의 에너지법, 경제협력법, 투자 관련 법에 대한 이해도 수반되어야 한다.

本稿は、日本首相の政治的リ一ダ一シップに關する一連の作業の一つであり、橋本龍太郎首相が分析對象である。問題關心は、「何故、橋本首相は制度的制約の中でも一定程度政治的リ一ダ一シップの發揮ができたのか」「何故、橋本首相の改革路線は失敗したと評價されるのか」である。 つまり、橋本首相は「政策通」という評價を受け、「本格的な政權」と期待され、「長期政權」も可能だといわれたが、期待とは異なり、約2年6ヶ月の相對的に短い執權で終わった。また、行政改革のように「成果」をあげた政策もあるが、財政構造改革の失敗による否定的評價が優位を占めている。何故、このように相反する評價を受けているのかが問題意識であり、これをエルジ(R.Elgie)のリ一ダ一シップ論に基づき、明白にするのが本稿の硏究目的である。 分析は、政策目標と政治スタイルを含む個人的要因、有權者の支持と經濟狀況を含む狀況的要因、內閣と與黨の關係、內閣と議會の關係、內閣と官僚の關係を含む制度的要因に分け進めた。結論的にいえば、橋本首相の政治的リ一ダ一シップの强弱を檢討するためには、時間的區分が必要であり、政策の成敗を分析するためには、連立政權、官僚の抵抗など制度的要因を考慮すると同時に、國民の支持獲得のためには首相の權限の一つである人事權の適切な行使が重要だということである。

Native pancreatic islets interact with neighboring cells by establishing three-dimensional (3D) structures, and are surrounded by perfusion at an interstitial flow level. However, flow effects are generally ignored in islet culture models, although cell perfusion is known to improve the cell microenvironment and to mimic in vivo physiology better than static culture systems. Here, we have developed functional islet spheroids using a microfluidic chip that mimics interstitial flow conditions with reduced shear cell damage. Dynamic culture, compared to static culture, enhanced islet health and maintenance of islet endothelial cells, reconstituting the main component of islet extracellular matrix within spheroids. Optimized flow condition allowed localization of secreted soluble factors near spheroids, facilitating diffusion-mediated paracrine interactions within islets, and enabled long-term maintenance of islet morphology and function for a month. The proposed model can aid islet preconditioning before transplantation and has potential applications as an in vitro model for diabetic drug testing.

Figure S1. A) Satellite-based surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (mg/m3) and photosynthetically available radiance (PAR) in the polynya of the Amundsen Sea during the sampling cruises. B) Detailed satellite-based surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (mg/m3) and sampling day of this study. GPS position polynya center station, 73.25–73.75S, 114.25–113.75 W. The data constructed from multi ocean color sensors were obtained from the Globcolour webpage ( http://hermes.acri.fr/ ). Figure S2. Neighbor-joining tree of the most abundant OTUs in a) Polaribacter, b) Oceanospirillaceae, c) SAR92, and d) SAR11 from PK, DC, and SI. The representative sequences of each OTU selected by QIIME are highlighted in bold and coded as follows: OTU N (=OTU number), site (PK, DC, or SI), and percentage of the total read number. Bootstrap values of ≥ 50% are shown. Figure S3. NMDS plot showing relationships between bacterial compositions and environmental variables. Bray–Curtis stress 0.117. *indicates p

Supplementary Results and Methods. (DOCX 939 kb)

Table S1. Diversity and abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by the pyrosequencing of PCR amplicons in this study. Taxa with frequencies of

13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, Submarine landslides represent a major, previously little recognized, geological hazard to the coastal communities. This study investigates the size, depth and degree of submarine landslides along the margins of the Ulleung Basin and examines how the shelf morphology and sediment supply affect the style and occurrence of slope failures. The slopes have experienced at least 38 episodes of submarine failures, which have left clear arcuate-shaped scarps that initiate at water depths of 150–1120 m. Individual landslides comprise volumes over the range 0.1–340 km3, cover 20–800 km2 on the seafloor and have runout distances of up to 50 km from the source. The headwall scarps are observed as being in excess of 500 m high. The height of scarps in the southern margin is significantly larger than in the western margin. Moreover, the volume of mass-transport deposits in the southern margin is also much higher compared to those from the western margin. The occurrence of the broad shelf (30–150 km wide) and high sedimentation rates in the southern margin might have led to large-scale slope failures. In contrast, the narrow shelf (, Gil-Young Kim and Jang-Jun Bahk acknowledge funding from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, respectively

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Table_revision_2 for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Multicenter prospective observational study by Seung-Joo Nam, Sung Chul Park, Sang Hoon Lee, Dong Wook Choi, Sung Joon Lee, Chang Seok Bang, Gwang Ho Baik and Jong Kyu Park in SAGE Open Medicine

Additional file 1: Table S1. Incidence of acute exacerbation according to treatment modality.

n plant development and abiotic stress response processes. In this study, we examined the role of a HSP, the Medicago sativa DnaJ-like protein (MsDJLP), in alfalfa and its potential application for the development of abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We found that expression of the MsDJLP gene was induced by chilling (4 °C) and heat (42 °C), but not by cadmium (500 µM) or arsenic (500 µM) stresses. We then cloned the MsDJLP gene downstream of the strong constitutive CaMV 35S promoter and transformed it into tobacco plants. Ectopic expression of MsDJLP conferred enhanced tolerance to both chilling and heat stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. Under chilling stress, the transgenic tobacco plants showed lower H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ accumulation and electrolyte leakage (EL) activity, and better photosystem II efficiency than wild-type (WT) plants, indicating that photoinhibition was less severe in transgenic compared to WT plants. Following heat treatment, the transgenic plants showed better relative chlorophyll and water contents, and lower malondialdehyde accumulation than WT plants. Our study provides evidence for a pivotal role of MsDJLP for chilling and heat stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants.

8th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences (ISSMMTC), 7-9 May 2018, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, Submarine landslides represent a major, previously little recognized, geological hazard to the coastal communities. This study investigates the size, depth and degree of submarine landslides along the margins of the Ulleung Basin and examines how the shelf morphology and sediment supply affect the style and occurrence of slope failures. The slopes have experienced at least 38 episodes of submarine failures, which have left clear arcuate-shaped scarps that initiate at water depths of 150–1120 m. Individual landslides comprise volumes over the range 0.1–340 km3, cover 20–800 km2on the seafloor and have runout distances of up to 50 km from the source. The headwall scarps are observed as being in excess of 500 m high. The height of scarps in the southern margin is significantly larger than in the western margin. Moreover, the volume of mass-transport deposits in the southern margin is also much higher compared to those from the western margin. The occurrence of the broad shelf (30–150 km wide) and high sedimentation rates in the southern margin might have led to large-scale slope failures. In contrast, the narrow shelf (

Background and purpose — The frequency of progression of osteoarthritis and persistence of symptoms in untreated osteochondral lesion of the talus (OCL) is not well known. We report the outcome of a nonoperative treatment for symptomatic OCL. Patients and methods — This study included 142 patients with OCLs from 2003 to 2013. The patients did not undergo immobilization and had no restrictions of physical activities. The mean follow-up time was 6 (3–10) years. Initial MRI and CT confirmed OCL and showed lesion size, location, and stage of the lesion. Progression of osteoarthritis was evaluated by standing radiographs. In 83 patients, CT was performed at the final follow-up for analyses of the lesion size. We surveyed patients for limitations of sports activity, and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), AOFAS, and SF-36 were assessed. Results — No patients had progression of osteoarthritis. The lesion size as determined by CT did not change in 69/83 patients, decreased in 5, and increased in 9. The mean VAS score of the 142 patients decreased from 3.8 to 0.9 (p < 0.001), the mean AOFAS ankle–hindfoot score increased from 86 to 93 (p < 0.001), and the mean SF-36 score increased from 52 to 72 (p < 0.001). Only 9 patients reported limitations of sports activity. The size and location of the lesion did not correlate with any of the outcome scores. Interpretation — Nonoperative treatment can be considered a good option for patients with OCL.

American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 12-16 December 2016, San Francisco, The Ulleung Basin is a back-arc basin that is known to retain gas hydrate reservoirs in the East (Japan) Sea. The basin contains large volumes of mass-transport deposits (MTDs) due to submarine slope failures along its margins since the Neogene. In this study, seismic indicators of gas hydrate and associated gas and fluid flow were re-compiled on a regional multi-channel seismic reflection data. The gas hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ) is defined by the BSR (bottom-simulating reflector) distribution. It is more pronounced along the southwestern slope with a minimum depth of 100 mbsf (meters below seafloor) at 295 mbsl (meter below sea level) on the southern, while its thickness is the greatest (250 mbsf) at the southwestern margin. Flow and seepage structures reflected on the seismic data as columnar acoustic-blanking zones varying in width and height (up to hundreds of meters) were classified into: (a) buried seismic chimneys (BSC), (b) chimneys with a mound (SCM), and (c) chimneys with a depression (SCD) on the seafloor. Pockmarks which are not associated with seismic chimneys, reflection anomalies (i.e., enhanced reflections below the BSR and hyperbolic reflections), and SCD are predominant features in the western margin, while the BSR, BSC and SCM are densely distributed in the south-southwestern margin. Present-day gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is calculated using in-situ bottom-water temperature and geothermal gradient measurements (ranging between 0–17.5 oC and 25–200 oC/km, respectively) and multibeam bathymetry data. The GHSZ thickness exceeds 190 m, and the upslope limit of GHSZ ranges between about 180 and 260 mbsl. This depth range is in the proximity of the uppermost depths of landslide scars (~190 mbsl) which are common features on the slopes along with glide planes, slides/slumps and MTDs. Overall, the base of GHSZ (BGHSZ) and the BSR depths are well-correlated in the basin. However, the BSR depths are typically greater (up to 50 m) than the BGHSZ depths on the slopes suggesting that the GHOZ is not stable. A close correlation exists between the spatial distributions of the landslides, and indicators of gas hydrate and gas/fluid flow and the GHSZ. This may imply that excess pore-pressure caused by dissociation/dissolution of gas hydrates could have played a role on slope failures