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Trauma-informed care is recommended to avoid the inadvertent retraumatization of patients by health care providers. Psychometric evaluation of trauma-informed care instruments is needed. The Japanese version of the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC-10) Scale has not yet been psychometrically validated.The study's objective was to examine the reliability and validity of the ARTIC-10.This psychometric study of the ARTIC-10 compared with five other scales associated with attitudes related to trauma-informed care used a cross-sectional survey design conducted in November 2020 with a convenience sample of Japanese physicians and nurses recruited from an internet research agency. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires including the (a) ARTIC-10; (b) the Japanese version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire 2018; (c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9; (d) Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; (e) Stress Underestimation Beliefs; and (f) Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Cronbach's α measured reliability internal consistency, and construct validity was measured by Spearman's rank.A total of 794 physicians and nurses completed the surveys. Cronbach's α value of ARTIC-10 was 0.56. Higher scores of ARTIC-10 were positively and significantly correlated with Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire 2018 and negatively and significantly correlated with other scales (r =-.12 to .30).This study found only modest internal consistency and construct validity of the Japanese version of ARTIC-10 in physicians and nurses. Further study is needed to identify factors that affect the reliability and validity of this Japanese scale to improve its psychometric properties.

Background Although negative cognition and emotions are known to develop with experiences of COVID-19 infection, it remains unclear whether such cognitions and emotions contribute to depression and anxiety as post-acute symptoms of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationships between cognition and emotions caused by COVID-19 infection and depression and anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 recovered patients was conducted from July to September 2021 in Japan. Outcome variables, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7); scores of 10 and above were identified as having symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Exposure variables were whether participants were experiencing the following cognition and emotions strongly: threat to life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming a third party who did not restrain from going outside, blaming themselves for their COVID-19 infection, worry about spreading the infection to others, and self-stigma (Self-Stigma Scale-Short). Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to analyze the findings. Results A total of 6016 responses were included in the analyses. The proportion of depression was 19.88%, and anxiety was 11.47%. The threat of life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming oneself for their COVID-19 infection, and self-stigma were significantly associated with depression and anxiety after adjusting covariates. Blaming the third party who did not restrain from going outside was associated with anxiety. There was no association between the worry about spreading to others and depression or anxiety. Conclusion Negative cognition and emotions, including self-stigma with the experience of COVID-19 infection, were related to depression and anxiety. Countermeasures for preventing or decreasing the cognition and emotions may be needed to mitigate these symptoms.

Evidence demonstrating the association of preexisting psychiatric disorders with post-COVID-19 is limited. We aim to investigate the association using larger sample sizes and more extended postinfection periods than previous studies. A total of 6015 (response rate = 77.5%) COVID-19 survivors were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire from July to September 2021. Poisson regression analysis with robust error variance was performed to estimate post-COVID-19 prevalence ratios (PRs) with or without preexisting psychiatric disorders. Participants with preexisting psychiatric disorders numbered 1067 (17.7%), and with post-COVID-19 were 2149 (35.7%). Post-COVID-19 PR with preexisting psychiatric disorders was 1.09 (95% CI 1.02–1.18, p = 0.013). The interaction between preexisting psychiatric disorders and postinfection periods was significant (p for interaction

While amyloid-β lies upstream of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease, key drivers for other tauopathies, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), are largely unknown. Various tau mutations are known to facilitate tau aggregation, but how the nonmutated tau, which most cases with PSP share, increases its propensity to aggregate in neurons and glial cells has remained elusive. Here, we identified genetic variations and protein abundance of filamin-A in the PSP brains without tau mutations. We provided in vivo biochemical evidence that increased filamin-A levels enhance the phosphorylation and insolubility of tau through interacting actin filaments. In addition, reduction of filamin-A corrected aberrant tau levels in the culture cells from PSP cases. Moreover, transgenic mice carrying human filamin-A recapitulated tau pathology in the neurons. Our data highlight that filamin-A promotes tau aggregation, providing a potential mechanism by which filamin-A contributes to PSP pathology.

Association between employment contract (temporary vs. permanent) and suicidal ideation (persistent suicidal ideation [i.e., with onset before COVID-19] or newly developed under COVID-19 pandemic) was examined using a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Japan.An Internet survey was conducted from August to September 2020. The participants' inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: (i) 20-65 years old, (ii) employees (excluding self-employed, students, retired, housewives, and unemployed). The associations of suicidal ideation with the employees' factors were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression model, adjusting for covariates (sex, age, marital status, education, company size, industries, and a history of psychiatric disease).Of total 12 249 participants, 72.4% were permanent and 27.6% were temporary employees. The prevalence was 8.5% for persistent suicidal ideation and 3.2% for newly developed suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary employment was significantly associated with persistent suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.36 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.16-1.59]; P .001), but not associated with newly developed suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.10 [0.85-1.42]; P = .457) after adjusting the covariates. Sensitivity analysis showed temporary employment was significantly associated with persistent suicidal ideation only in women. Newly developed suicidal ideation was significantly higher among participants of a young age, employees in drinking/eating/hotel business industry, and those having a history of psychiatric disease than among the counterparts.Working on a temporary employment contract was associated with persistent suicidal ideation under conditions of COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan. However, the result showed no significant difference in newly developed suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal study will be needed to examine the risk of being employed on an unstable occupational contract in the prolonged pandemic.

Child welfare workers often experience work-related traumatic events and may be at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can hinder early interventions for child abuse. This study examined the association between each single work-related traumatic event experienced by child welfare workers and the cumulative number of traumatic event types with PTSD symptoms. A checklist of traumatic events was used to investigate work-related traumatic events. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. Two multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 140 workers were included in the analyses. In the first multivariate analysis, the event, “Witnessed a parent violently beating, hitting, kicking, or otherwise injuring a child or the other parent during work” (β = 11.96, 95% CI, 2.11–21.80, p &lt, 0.05) and resilience (β = −0.60, 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.36, 0.01) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, as was resilience in the second multivariate analysis (β = −0.60, 95%CI, −0.84 to −0.36, 0.01). The association between the cumulative number of event types and PTSD symptoms was not significant, but it was stronger when the cumulative number was four or more. The findings suggest the importance of reducing child welfare worker exposure to traumatic events.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a polyglutamine‐mediated neuromuscular disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. While transcriptional dysregulation is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SBMA, the underlying molecular pathomechanisms remain unclear. DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification that silences the transcription of various genes that have a CpG‐rich promoter. Here, we showed that DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is highly expressed in the spinal motor neurons of an SBMA mouse model and in patients with SBMA. Both genetic Dnmt1 depletion and treatment with RG108, a DNA methylation inhibitor, ameliorated the viability of SBMA model cells. Furthermore, a continuous intracerebroventricular injection of RG108 mitigated the phenotype of SBMA mice. DNA methylation array analysis identified hairy and enhancer of split 5 (Hes5) as having a CpG island with hyper‐methylation in the promoter region, and the Hes5 expression was strongly silenced in SBMA. Moreover, Hes5 over‐expression rescued the SBMA cells possibly by inducing Smad2 phosphorylation. Our findings suggest DNA hyper‐methylation underlies the neurodegeneration in SBMA.

ニワトリの血液中の成長ホルモン(GH)とインスリン様成長因子(IGF)-I濃度およびIGF-I結合活性に対するインスリンの影響を調べる目的で,24時間絶食した白色レグホーン種雄鶏(6週齢)にインスリン(20μg/100gB.W)を腹腔内注射して経時的に採血し,血清中の血糖値,GH濃度,IGF-I濃度,IGF-I結合活性を測定した。インスリン投与によって血糖値とGH濃度はただちに減少して60分後に最低となり,180分後までその低値は持続した。IGF-I濃度はインスリン投与20分後では変化が見られなかったが,その後に減少して60分後に最低となって180分までその低値は持続した。IGF-I結合活性はインスリン投与40分まではほとんど変化しなかったが，その後に増加して90分後に最高となり,その後に減少して180分後には投与前および対照区のレベルになった。

The physical properties of 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone at various temperatures were investigated by dielectric constant (e), refractive index (nD), density (ρ), and viscosity (η) measurements. The dielectric constant of 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone was very high compared with those of many organic solvents. For example, it was found to be 64.6 at 25 °C, close to that of propylene carbonate (64.9), a typical nonaqueous polar solvent with a high dielectric constant. The refractive index and density for 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The viscosity of 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone at 25 °C was 11.2 cP (1 cP = 10−3 N s m−2). This was larger than those of many organic solvents and close to that of phenol (11.6 cP at 20 °C). From a line for log η vs. 1/T, the activation energy (Eη) for the viscosity of 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone was found to be 29.7 kJ mol−1. The estimation of donor (DN) and acceptor (AN) numbers for 3-propyl-4-ethylsydnone were also done from 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopi...

The synthesis of the 3′-deoxyapionucleoside 3′′-triphosphates (apioNTPs) having the four natural nucleobases and their enzymatic incorporation into a DNA–DNA primer–template have been tried. Therminator DNA polymerase was shown to incorporate these apioNTPs effectively giving 43mer DNA–apioNA chimera.

To enhance the quality and safety of medical care, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) launched a model project in September 2005 for investigation and analysis of medical practice associated deaths in an attempt to move the existing system in a different direction. The project, initiated in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, and Kobe, has now been implemented in nine prefectures. In the hope that the model project will lead to the nationwide development of medical safety investigating committees, the MHLW has submitted a provisional third plan. Based on our practical experience of the model project in Osaka, we present and discuss practical problems and legal issues involving surgeons' criminal punishment.

The methanol extract of Paeonia radix was analysed by capillary zone electrophoresis in 100 m M borate buffer (pH 10.5). Monoterpene glycosides (paeoniflorin and oxypaeoniflorin) were migrated first, well separated from each other, then gallic acid and its derivatives. The monoterpene glycosides were quantified with high reproducibility using 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid as an internal standard. The data obtained from various Paeonia radix samples were highly correlated to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Here, we report the synthesis of 3'-deoxyapionucleoside 3''-triphosphates (apioNTPs) and the analysis of their property as substrate of enzymatic polymerization. We established the large scale synthetic route of 3-deoxy-D-apiose from D-galactose, and regio- and stereo-selective glycosylation procedures. Resulting 3'-deoxyapionucleosides were then converted into their 3''-triphosphates. We carried out primer-extension reactions and found that Therminator polymerase, a variant of 9 degrees N DNA polymerase, was an efficient enzyme for incorporation of apioNTPs to synthesize DNA-dependent 3'-deoxy-D-apiose nucleic acids (apioNAs).