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Carotid stenting is an effective method for improving cerebral perfusion; risk assessment of cerebral embolism associated with this intervention remains a hot research topic. Objective: to identify predictors of cerebral embolism associated with carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS). Material and methods. A prospective exploratory research included 46 patients (age from 44 to 81 years, median 65 years) with atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery, who underwent CAS and were treated at the Scientific Center of Neurology (Moscow). The study did not include patients with restenosis, stroke with severe disability, contraindications for antiplatelet therapy, statins, and MRI examination. All patients underwent preoperative ultrasonographic (US) examination and postoperative histological examination of particles in carotid stent embolic protection devices. The state of the brain was assessed before and 24 hours after CAS using diffusion-weighted MRI. To identify predictors of the development of cerebral embolism, the clinical characteristics of patients, together with ultrasonographic and morphological data, were examined in a multivariate statistical analysis.Results. Preoperative US signal from an atherosclerotic plaque of high (estimated above 35 dB) intensity was associated with dense matter (in a protective device) of the "fibrosis with calcification" and "calcification" type and with a high probability (80%; 95% confidence interval 71–85% ) predicted intraoperative embolization of cerebral vessels with the acute ischemic lesions (AIL) formation. In a low (not higher than 35 dB) intensity of the preoperative ultrasound signal, the probability of AIL formation was statistically significantly lower (50%). Conclusion. There is a direct correlation between the intensity of the ultrasound signal and the density of the substance in the protective device. A high intensity of the preoperative ultrasound signal (estimated above 35 dB) is an unfavorable predictor of AIL, associated with CAS (with a probability of about 80%).

Resource and energy saving is an important global problem. Vegetable oil based lubricants are becoming increasingly important in the industrial lubricants market due to their biodegradability, renewability, minimal environmental impact, excellent tribological performance and stringent environmental regulations. This review article discusses various aspects of biolubricants, such as the chemical composition of various vegetable oils, chemical modification methods used to synthesize biolubricants, the physicochemical and rheological properties of biolubricants, the tribological characteristics of biolubricants under various conditions, and various nanoparticles used to improve performance. biolubricants. In addition, the prospects for the use of bio-lubricants in road transport are considered.

This paper presents a clinical case of laparoscopic nephrectomy for a large (10 cm) renal sinus mass in an allograft kidney, followed by intrarenal urinary tract reconstruction with ureteral reimplantation. The surgery had an acceptable oncological outcome, without loss of kidney function. Regardless of the volume and extent of the tumor process, the use of minimally invasive, nephron-sparing treatment techniques takes a leading position in the treatment of renal cancer in kidney recipients. Intrarenal urinary tract reconstruction allows a kidney to be saved even if the tumor is significantly large and/or inoperable.

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men that is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Objective. To determine the clinical portrait of an "ordinary" patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and develop an algorithm for improving the efficacy of treating lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials & methods. The study included 112 BPH-patients who received tamsulosin therapy or a combination of tamsulosin + solifenacin for three months. After three months of therapy, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the effectiveness of therapy: group 1 — a positive result (n = 77); group 2 — no positive effect (n = 35). Due to the lack of efficacy in patients of group 2, a multichannel urodynamics was performed, according to the results of which the patients were prescribed treatment with a subsequent assessment of the result after 3 months.Results. After 3 months of therapy in patients of group 1, a decrease in pollakiuria was noted. Regression of obstructive and irritative symptoms was also observed, and the urination-associated quality of life (QoL) improved. The maximum urine flow rate (Q max) remained unchanged mainly. By the sixth month, the frequency of urination continued to decrease (11.05 vs 9.32 episodes; p = 0.022), as well as the improvement of other parameters (IPSS, QoL, Q max and post-void residual urine volume (PVR) (80.87 vs 56.17 ml; p = 0.012). The indicators of patients of group 2 following three months of therapy remained without significant changes. Sixteen patients underwent transurethral prostate resection, 19 patients underwent therapy correction, which allowed reducing the number of episodes of daily pollakiuria. The total IPSS score decreased by 4.37 compared to baseline (IPSS (obstructive) — 13.79 vs 7.26 pts; p = 0.032). The QoL value was 2.84 pts, Q max — 14.90 mL/s, PVR — 10.58 mL.Conclusion. 19.8% of BPH-patients are resistant to drug therapy. The ineffectiveness of therapy may be due to the severe BOO. In the absence of the effect of the therapy within 3 months, it is recommended to perform multichannel urodynamics. Correction of therapy according to the multichannel urodynamics data improves its effectiveness by the sixth month of treatment. Indicators of IPSS, Q max and PVR after 3 months of therapy allow predicting the effectiveness of therapy, or suspect the need for surgical treatment.

One of the most common methods for automatically determining the type of content in incoming traffic and limiting it is the system of black and white lists. Blacklists and whitelists are a set of “trusted” or “untrustworthy” rules for classifying data within information packets by which unwanted content is filtered. The object of the research is the existing traffic that will be divided into two groups in the form of "True-traffic" and "False-traffic". According to the compiled black and white lists, the number of hits of each traffic unit is determined and according to these data, an assessment of this approach to analysis is given. In accordance with the list of blocked signatures, the number of true blockings has high positive indicators and the number of false positives is close to zero with a VPN connection and starting a proxy server you can bypass content filtering, with transferring the resource to another URL blocking doesn’t occur, that was revealed on the cyberpolygon created to study the tasks of content filtering.

The article discusses the simulation of the operation of a diode based on the compiled electrical circuit, and also considers the analysis of the operation of the dido under various operating conditions using the AnyDynamics 8 computer simulation program. Various approaches to the concept of modeling, model, and mathematical model are considered. The classification of models of semiconductor devices, current-voltage characteristic (CVC) and device operation scheme are evaluated. The physical properties of the diode are considered, then a transition is made to the analysis of the operation of the diode in a physical model, and on its basis a mathematical model of the diode is built, since the model works with small changes in current and voltage, then the transition is made to a low-signal model and a system of differential equations, behavior of an ideal diode. Classes of elementary elements are being developed, from which it is possible to build an electronic circuit, diode, resistor, capacitor, coil. A circuit is determined with the help of which it is possible to simulate the operation of a circuit with a connected ideal diode. The result of the work of the electrical circuit in the program AnyDynamics 8 was the creation o behavior of an ideal diode. Analysis of the obtained graphs in the future will allow you to perform modeling and analysis of the operation of an ideal diode.

The technology of modeling a field-effect transistor in the CAD system COMSOL Multiphysics is considered. The possibilities of CAD, its methods of graphical construction of the model and methods of modeling the behavior of the model are being studied. The object of study is the MOS transistor, its scope, operation and a mathematical model that can be used in designing its operation. The Shikhman-Hodges model, input and output parameters are determined, the degree of its adequacy to a real transistor is set, the main parameters are determined, with the help of which it is possible to conduct a study of a field-effect transistor, its current-voltage characteristic. A transistor model is built in the mode of operation in the mode of small-signal amplifiers, replacing it with a linear four-port model, it is described when this model can be applied when simulating the operation of the device.

We devoted our research to study and substantiate the possibility of using products based on commercial chitosan. As an animal polysaccharide, it was applied as an additive in manufacturing laboratory samples of kraft packaging paper with increased hydrophobic properties. The research aimed to optimize conditions to produce packaging kraft paper by means of mathematical planning method of the experiment in accordance with the three factor uniform-rotatable second-order model by Box and Hunter. It is shown that that the effective hydrophobization of a fairly thin cellulose fibrous material, weight of 1 m2 70 g, is possible. In the studied factor space, we have established mathematical dependences that fit well the influence of the main technological parameters – the consumption of chitosan (0.5–1.5%), the beating degree of paper pulp (25–35 °SR) and softwood content in fiber furnish (80–100%) on the hydrophobicity (increasing moisture resistance) of paper and its physical and mechanical properties. It is shown that the presence of chitosan in fiber furnish leads to the hydrophobicity of kraft paper in terms of surface water absorption during one-sided wetting (Cobb test) increases many times and reaches 24–25 g/m2 at the maximum product consumption (1.5%). At the same time, the values of beating degree of paper pulp and softwood content in fiber furnish can vary in a fairly wide technological range, in accordance with the studied factor spaces. Increasing the consumption of chitosan, the beating degree of pulp fibers and softwood content in fiber furnish simultaneously provides an increase in the values of almost all physical and mechanical properties of laboratory kraft packaging paper.

Introduction: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) alongside percutaneous surgery is gaining a leading position in the nephrolithiasis treatment. According to 2022 EAU Guidelines, RIRS is one of the basic surgical modalities to treat 10-20 mm kidney concrements. Turning concrements into dust, holmium laser is the most effective and safest method for concrement disintegration.Objective: To determine surgical possibilities of holmium laser lithotripsy for single and multiple unilateral nephrolithiasis using disposable flexible ureterorenoscopes.Materials and methods: We performed 124 interventions from October 2021 to October 2022 using LithoVue flexible ureterorenoscope in patients with nephrolithiasis, of them 70 males and 54 females with the mean age being 54 (27–74) years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (56 patients) with a single renal concrement, group II (68 patients) with multiple concrements (2 to 7 pieces). The concrement size ranged from 5 to 20 mm. The density of kidney concrements on computed tomography (CT) was 214 to 1,620 HU. LightTrail 230 μm and 270 μm reusable laser fibers were chosen for Auriga XL holmium laser crushing mode. Laser operating settings were as follows: frequency 8 Hz, pulse energy 1,200 mJ (LightTrail 230 µm) and frequency 12 Hz, pulse energy 1,800 mJ (LightTrail 270 µm). These are the maximum setting values for the specific laser fibers.Results: Average time of 1 concrement disintegration (V = 1 cm3) was 28.3 minutes. Concrement disintegration time was 21.4 ± 6.7 minutes (group I) and 42.3 ± 9.4 minutes (group II). Intervention time was 27.4 ± 8.3 minutes (group I) and 54.6 ± 12.4 minutes (group II). In-hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1 days (group I) and 3 ± 1 days (group II). The rate of surgical success according to CT scans was 92.6% (group I) and 88.2% (group II). Two patients in group I and 5 patients in group II required reintervention. One patient (1.8%) in group I and 3 patients (4.4%) in group II developed an acute pyelonephritis (Clavien-Dindo classification, grade II). In the remaining patients the complications did not exceed Clavien-Dindo grade I. There were no equipment-related issues in the perioperative period.Conclusions: As a safe and effective procedure with low complication rate, fast postoperative recovery, and short hospital stay, RIRS can be used as a method of choice for disintegration of kidney concrements up to 20 mm in size.

Oral mucosal cancer (OMC) is a serious public health problem. Studies were performed on 210 males of white mongrel rats weighing 180–200 g. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 subgroups, with 10 rats in each group. The rats of the first group were included in the diet by dissolving a solution 4-NQO (carcinogen) in drinking water at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. The animals of the second group were applied by carcinogen dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 50 mg/ml to the ОМС of the lower lip and the tongue three times a day (at 9:00, 2:00, and 7:00 pm) in combination with exposure to a 3D device with a traumatic element.The method of experimental modeling of pre-tumor lesions of the oral mucosa was developed. It included a combined local exposure to the solution 4-NQO and the 3D device with a traumatic element on the rat lower lip OMC. It has the following advantages over the existing models: the development of hyperplasia and dysplasia of lower lip ОМС epithelium is achieved after 12 weeks in 100 % of animals, and in the comparison group – in 20 % of rats (р

Изучается структура случайных разбиений конечного $n$-множества на блоки в неравновероятной модели, когда на множестве всех разбиений задается некоторая параметрическая вероятностная мера. Проводится анализ асимптотических (при $n \to \infty$) свойств различных характеристик структуры: наборов чисел блоков заданных размеров, чисел малых и больших блоков, числа блоков средней зоны структуры, экстремальных и связанных с ними характеристик структуры.

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Abstract Proteasomes are highly conserved multienzyme complexes responsible for proteolytic degradation of the short-lived, regulatory, misfolded, and damaged proteins. They play an important role in the processes of brain plasticity, and decrease in their function is accompanied by the development of neurodegenerative pathology. Studies performed in different laboratories both on cultured mammalian and human cells and on preparations of the rat and rabbit brain cortex revealed a large number of proteasome-associated proteins. Since the identified proteins belong to certain metabolic pathways, multiple enrichment of the proteasome fraction with these proteins indicates their important role in proteasome functioning. Extrapolation of the experimental data, obtained on various biological objects, to the human brain suggests that the proteasome-associated proteins account for at least 28% of the human brain proteome. The proteasome interactome of the brain contains a large number of proteins involved in the assembly of these supramolecular complexes, regulation of their functioning, and intracellular localization, which could be changed under different conditions (for example, during oxidative stress) or in different phases of the cell cycle. In the context of molecular functions of the Gene Ontology (GO) Pathways, the proteins of the proteasome interactome mediate cross-talk between components of more than 30 metabolic pathways annotated in terms of GO. The main result of these interactions is binding of adenine and guanine nucleotides, crucial for realization of the nucleotide-dependent functions of the 26S and 20S proteasomes. Since the development of neurodegenerative pathology is often associated with regioselective decrease in the functional activity of proteasomes, a positive therapeutic effect would be obviously provided by the factors increasing proteasomal activity. In any case, pharmacological regulation of the brain proteasomes seems to be realized through the changes in composition and/or activity of the proteins associated with proteasomes (deubiquitinase, PKA, CaMKIIα, etc.).

Objectives The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and the availability of and engagement in self-determined health and wellness programs is limited. The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Health Wellness (MBHW) program of using telehealth to enable families to teach a field-tested lifestyle change program to their adolescents with IDD. The program encouraged the adolescents to self-determine the parameters of the program that they could use to self-manage their weight through a lifestyle change process. Method Eighty adolescents were randomized into experimental (n = 42) and control (n = 38) groups. The experimental group engaged in the MBHW program as taught by their families, and the control group engaged in treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial. Adolescents in the experimental group self-determined the parameters of each of the five components of the MBHW program and engaged in self-paced weight reduction using a changing-criterion design. Results All 42 adolescents in the experimental group reached their target weights and, on average, reduced their weight by 38 lbs. The 38 adolescents in the control group reduced their weight by an average of 3.47 lbs. by the end of the study. There was a large statistically significant effect of the MBHW program on reduction of both weight and body mass index (BMI) for adolescents in the experimental group. Family members and adolescents rated the MBHW program as having high social validity, and the intervention was delivered with a high degree of fidelity. Conclusions Families can support adolescents with IDD to use the MBHW program to effectively self-manage their weight through a lifestyle change program. Future research should use an active control group, assess maintenance of weight loss across settings and time, use relative fat mass (RFM) for estimating body fat percentage, and evaluate the impact of consuming highly processed foods on weight loss interventions.

CONTENT Introduction Current recommendations Positioning the detector and phantom Detectors and electronics Scanned dosimetry data acquisition Output Comparison of commercially available phantoms Conclusion

Objectives Awareness is a key component of concepts related to well-being, such as mindfulness and authenticity. Similarly, interventions to enhance mindfulness and well-being often focus on developing awareness. But measuring the effect of awareness development represents a challenge due to the lack of reliable and valid measures focused specifically on awareness outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate the Awareness Outcomes Measure (AOM) using modern Rasch methodology. Method The measure was developed from Self-Awareness Outcomes Questionnaire (SAOQ) items, drawn from previous research with awareness-development experts. A partial credit Rasch model was applied to examine the psychometric properties of the AOM with a combined sample of 713 participants from three English-speaking countries. Results The 21-item AOM met expectations of the unidimensional Rasch model. It is a reliable and psychometrically sound instrument, invariant across sex, country, and age, designed to measure the outcomes of awareness development. Person-item thresholds demonstrated excellent coverage of awareness outcomes, and we developed an algorithm for ordinal-to-interval transformations presented in a table to further enhance precision of the AOM. Conclusions In this study, we have developed and validated the AOM, providing researchers and practitioners with a robust measure of awareness outcomes that is suitable for use in a range of populations.

BACKGROUND: De-escalation strategy of antimicrobial therapy demonstrates favorable short-term results: it lowers the mortality and reduces the cost of treatment. The long-term results of applying this strategy in the burn unit had not been studied previously. AIM: To compare the long-term results of the de-escalation approach to antimicrobial therapy on the microbial spectrum, resistance of the hospital microflora and consumption of antimicrobials in the burn unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprises the data from the burn unit of the Severstal hospital for 2006, 2012 and 2021: statistical data on mortality and the average duration of hospital stay; microbiological data on spectrum and resistance of bacteria to antimicrobials. RESULTS: The use of the de-escalation strategy of antimicrobial therapy in the burn unit of the Healthcare Institution Severstal for 10 years has reduced mortality, length of stay, consumption of antimicrobials. De-escalation strategy has not significantly affect the spectrum of nosocomial microflora but has lowered the resistance of gram-positive microorganisms to antibiotics. There was a decrease in the drug resistance index for the main pathogens of infectious complications as a result of implementing the de-escalation strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation a de-escalation strategy of antimicrobial therapy requires conducting periodic microbiological monitoring for early correction of starting antimicrobial regimens.

Abstract The effect of PARP1 knockout in HEK293 cells on the gene expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins was studied. It was shown that the expression of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BER was reduced by knockout. The expression of the DNA glycosylase gene NEIL1, which is considered to be one of the common “hubs” for binding BER proteins, has changed the most. The expression of genes of auxiliary subunits of DNA polymerases δ and ε is also significantly reduced. The PARP1 gene knockout cell line obtained is an adequate cell model for studying the activity of the BER process in the absence of PARP1 and testing drugs aimed at inhibiting repair processes. It has been found for the first time that knockout of the PARP1 gene results in a significant change in the level of expression of proteins responsible for ribosome biogenesis and the functioning of the proteasome.

A method is proposed for solving the problem of planning the movement of a group of ground-based robotic platforms (UGR) with the requirement to maintain a given formation of the system in the presence of stationary obstacles and sources of disturbances. The task of calculating the trajectory of the leading UGR, coupled with the use of a displacement planner and subsequent smoothing of the resulting trajectory according to the method considered in the first part of this work, is highlighted. The trajectories of the slaved elements of the group are determined by constructing offset spatial curves along which these elements should move, taking into account a given configuration or the requirements of preserving some average kinematic parameters of the elements along their trajectory. To solve the problem of evading the group from the influence of sources of disturbances, the method considered in the previous works of the authors is proposed. It is based on the calculation of the probabilities of successful passage of the elements of the group of their trajectories. These probabilities can be found after evaluating the parameters of the characteristic probability functions of the sources describing the nature of their impact on moving objects over small time intervals. In this article, this method is modified by additional optimization of the resulting spatial trajectory along the length for each UGR, taking into account a given degree of permissible deviation from the original curve. A technique has been developed that allows to find the target trajectories of the leading and driven UGR of the group, the probability of successful passage of which exceeds the specified target value. The methodology is generalized to the case when the optimization criterion is the probability of successful completion of only part of the UGR group. Simulation results confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method of planning the trajectories of robots forming a group in the field of repeller sources.

The analysis of the qualitative composition of the waste water of the coal mining enterprise was carried out. As a result of monitoring studies, data on the composition of pollutants discharged into the water of small rivers were obtained. It is established that the feature of quarry waters is an increased content of suspended solids (inorganic dust) from drilling, blasting, overburden and mining operations; petroleum products from oil and fuel spills; nitrites and nitrates formed when using explosives; iron formed as a result of the oxidation of pyrite (often found in the host rocks), metal structures and parts of equipment and sulfates. The applied technology of wastewater treatment at a coal mine is considered, and its effectiveness is justified. It is shown that the main problem in the field of water resources protection is the lack of adapted technologies for deep wastewater treatment in relation to a specific enterprise. The ways of improving the technological level and quality of treatment of quarry wastewater are determined.

The lattice strain effect in Pd–Ni core–shell nanocubes on the selectivity of urea electrolysis is elucidated, which can facilitate catalyst design for efficient urea waste treatment and concomitant cathodic hydrogen production or CO2 reduction.

—Cenozoic alkali basaltoids are developed in southern Transbaikalia (Dauria–Khentei Ridge). They are represented by thin flows and sheets. Unlike the volcanic fields of the South Baikal Volcanic Region (SBVR), the investigated fields are not associated with rifting. Volcanics from the flow of the Zharnichikha River were studied. Compositionally, they belong to basanites. For the first time, the mineral compositions of the volcanics have been determined. In their geochemical parameters, the basanites correspond to basic volcanics of oceanic islands. The P–T parameters of the equilibrium crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts have been determined. For the calculated parental melt, the temperature of formation was 1536 °C, and the pressure was 3.28 GPa. The obtained original data on Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope composition have shown that the isotope composition of the magmatic melt formed from a PREMA source with a minor contribution of the latter. The mantle source for the studied basanites is assumed to be olivine pyroxenites (Ol + Cpx + Grt). The generation of basaltic melts occurred under the influence of a mantle plume, which caused Cenozoic activation.