Search

本稿では、筆者らが開発した障害児保育実践コンピテンシー尺度（CSPCD）の信頼性と妥当性を検証した。さらにその上で、障害児保育実践コンピテンシーと保育士としての在職年数、障害児支援経験の有無との関連について検討した。その結果、CSPCDは、【障害児保育への関心】、【障害児保育に必要なアセスメント】、【障害児保育における実際の関わり】、【障害児保育における保護者・他機関との連携】、【障害児保育における専門性の開発】の５つの下位尺度から構成され、十分な信頼性と妥当性を有していることが明らかになった。また、CSPCDにおける【障害児保育への関心】得点と保育機関での在職年数が有意に関連することと、CSPCDの合計得点、及び各下位尺度の得点が障害児支援経験の有無によって有意に異なることも明らかにされた。, The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Competency Scale in Practice of Childhood Care for children with Disabilities (CSPCD). Moreover, this study examines the relationship between CPSCD and careers of nursery teachers. The results exhibited that CSPCD consisted of five sub-scales interest in childcare for children with disabilities necessary assessments in childcare for children with disabilities; the actual involvement in childcare for children with disabilities; collaboration with parents and other organizations in childcare for children with disabilities, and development of expertise in childcare. Our study finds that there is sufficient reliability and validity in this regard due to significant correlation between the score of interest in childcare for children with disabilities in CSPCD and the required number of years of experience for a childcare institution. Additionally, it was clarified that the total score of CSPCD and the scores of each sub-scale differed significantly depending on the teachers’ individual experiences in assisting children with disabilities.

Aim: It is to put a scale into the use of the academic community which measures how well the doctors can interiorize the features concerning family practice the training of family practice specialization in our country, by developing a family practice identity scale that is peculiar to Turkey. Methods: Our research is the study of developing a scale. A 5-point Likert scale is generated by creating the questionnaire and then the aforementioned scale is studied to verify the validation and reliability in Turkey. The scale has been performed on 351 people who work as academicians, specialists and residents in the field of family practice. Results: During the analyses, while the first four factors whose eigenvalues are the highest are kept fixed, the questions from the other factors are distributed according to their content similarities. As a result, forty-six questions is obtained. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value conformity assessment the result was obtained at a very good level (KMO: 0.940) and Cronbach's alpha value was calculated as 0.952. The sub-scales are named by the contents of the questions: Patient-doctor communication, professional satisfaction, the scope of the working area and comprehensive approach, and biopsychosocial approach. It has been concluded that the scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire in Turkey after these advanced statistical analyses. Conclusion: "The Scale of Family Practice Identification" is developed successfully. With the aforementioned scale, by observing the professional progress of residents, the doctors that have an occupational identity and sense of belonging can be trained for the community of family practice. Keywords: family practice, reliability and validity, scales

(1) Background: End-of-life care (EoL care) for cancer patients is stressful for nurses and can easily lead to burnout. Newly graduated nurses (NGNs) have a particularly difficult time, but no scale or inventory has been designed to evaluate their difficulties. This study developed and tested the reliability and validity of a scale to measure NGNs’ difficulties with EoL care for cancer patients (NDEC scale). (2) Methods: This study population consisted of 1000 NGNs and 1000 nurses with at least five years of clinical experience (GNs) that were working in hospitals in Japan. The initial scale consisted of six factors and 28 items. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested. (3) Results: A total of 171 NGNs and 194 GNs responded to the survey. The scale consisted of five factors and 25 items with the factors including “Feeling painful”, “Can’t deal with patients and their families”, “Don’t know the answer”, “Cannot afford”, and “Being afraid of death”. The criteria validity, known population validity, and internal consistency were confirmed. (4) Conclusions: The scale was validated to have a certain level of reliability and validity. The NDEC scale is expected to be used for self-care for NGNs and as an effectiveness indicator for educational programs.

Using pre-exist data to develop the short-form scale for the the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) through machine laening technique. Then, we will conduct a survey in primary and secondary schools in China for validating the new short-form scale. The internal consistency, criterion-related validity and construct validity of the new scale will be examined.

Introduction. In Kazakhstan, as the phenomenon of population aging becomes more and more relevant, an increasing number of researchers in the field of medicine are studying health-related problems that arise at this age. During these studies, many scientists are wondering: how to accurately measure the quality of life of older people? In our country, the most used tools for conducting this assessment are the SF-36 questionnaire, while the widely used worldwide tools WHOQOL-100 and its short version WHOQOL-BREF are rarely evaluated and used in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Kazakh-language version of the World Health Organization's Short Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) in a pilot study. Material and methods. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was subjected to translation procedures according to the instructions of WHOQOL (WHO) and a pilot study was conducted in a group of elderly respondents (>60 years old) living in the city of Aktobe. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire consists of 26 questions, which are divided into 4 areas (physical health, emotional health, social factors, environment). The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was evaluated with the determination of the Alpha-Cronbach's index, as well as the assessment of the intra-class correlation (ICC). The statistical significance was set at 0.05. The software package SPSS v. 10.0 was used for the analysis. Results. The average age of the participants was 67.3±5.03 years, and the overall WHOQOL-BREF score was 76.02 ±11.86. Overall, 60% of the participants were women. The alpha values for each of the spheres and the overall index (> 0.70) and the overall correlation of the elements were satisfactory. The confirmatory analysis of the intra-class correlation showed high ICC values (more than 0.74) for each of the spheres. Conclusion. The psychometric properties of the Kazakh version of WHOQOL-BREF were acceptable.

Resumen Introducción: la escala de conocimiento en salud mental (MAKS) y la escala de trastorno mental: actitudes de los médicos (MICA) son herramientas para explorar estigma-discriminación relacionado con los trastornos mentales. Las traducciones en español están disponibles; sin embargo, se desconoce la consistencia interna de estos instrumentos. Objetivo: explorar la consistencia interna y la correlación entre MAKS y MICA en estudiantes de medicina. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un estudio psicométrico. Una muestra de 507 estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 39 años (M=21,0; DE =2,9), 56,5 % eran mujeres, 65,3 % estudiaban en una universidad privada y 50,1 % tomaban cursos básicos de medicina. Los participantes completaron el MAKS y el MICA, que son escalas de 12 y 16 ítems, respectivamente. Ambas escalas ofrecen opciones de respuesta tipo Likert, desde totalmente de acuerdo hasta totalmente en desacuerdo. Resultados: se calculó la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald) y la correlación entre MAKS y MICA. MAKS mostró alfa de Cronbach de 0,62 y omega de McDonald de 0,77 y MICA presentó alfa de Cronbach de 0,51 y omega de McDonald de 0,33. La reproducibilidad de la MICA r=0,44 y CCI de 0,61 y la de la MAKS r =0,44 y CCI de 0,60. Conclusión: se concluye que la MAKS presenta aceptable consistencia interna y reproducibilidad; sin embargo, la MICA muestra un pobre desempeño. Se recomienda utilizar MAKS para medir la discriminación de estigma relacionada con trastornos mentales entre estudiantes de medicina en Santa Marta, Colombia. Los ítems de la versión en español de la MICA necesitan una revisión sólida. Abstract Introduction. Both Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA) are tools for exploring stigma-discrimination related to mental disorders. Spanish translations are now available; however, it is unknown their internal consistency. The research Objective. The research objective was to explore the internal consistency and correlation between MAKS and MICA in students of medicine at Santa Marta, Colombia. Materials and Methods. A psychometric study was designed. A sample of 507 students, aged between 18 and 39 years (M=21.0, SD=2.9), 56.5 % were females, 65.3 % studied in a private university, and 50.1 % were taking basic medicine courses. Participants completed the MAKS and MICA, which are 12- and 16-item scales, respectively. Both scales offer Likert-type options of answer from strongly agree to disagree strongly. Results. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega) and correlation between MAKS and MICA were computed. The MAKS showed Cronbach alpha of 0.62 and McDonald omega of 0.77, and the MICA presented Cronbach alpha of 0.51 and McDonald omega of 0.33. The reproducibility of the MICA was r=0.44 and ICC of 0.61, and the MAKS, r = 0.44 and ICC of 0.60. As Conclusions. The MAKS presents acceptable internal consistency and reproducibility; however, the MICA shows poor performance. It is recommended to use MAKS to measure stigma-discrimination related to mental disorders among medical students in Santa Marta, Colombia. MICA items need a strong review for the Spanish version. Resumo Introdução. Tanto o Programa de Conhecimento em Saúde Mental (MAKS, in English) quanto a Doença Mental: Atitudes do Clínico (MICA, in English) são ferramentas para explorar o estigma-discriminação relacionado aos transtornos mentais. Já estão disponíveis traduções para o espanhol; no entanto, desconhece-se a sua consistência interna. Objetivo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi explorar a consistência interna e a correlação entre MAKS e MICA em estudantes de medicina de Santa Marta, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. Um estudo psicométrico foi desenhado. Em uma amostra de 507 alunos, com idades entre 18 e 39 anos (M=21,0, DP=2,9), 56, 5% eram do sexo feminino, 65,3 % cursavam universidade privada e 50,1 % cursavam medicina básica. Os participantes preencheram o MAKS e o MICA, que são escalas de 12 e 16 itens, respectivamente. Ambas as escalas oferecem opções de resposta do tipo Likert de concordo totalmente a discordo totalmente. Resultados. A consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald) e a correlação entre MAKS e MICA foram calculadas. O MAKS apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,62 e McDonald ômega de 0,77, e o MICA apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,51 e McDonald ômega de 0,33. A reprodutibilidade do MICA foi r=0,44 e ICC de 0,61, e do MAKS, rs=0,44 e ICC de 0,60. Conclusões. Como Conclusões, o MAKS apresenta consistência interna e reprodutibilidade aceitáveis; no entanto, o MICA mostra um desempenho ruim. Recomenda-se o uso do MAKS para medir o estigma-discriminação relacionado aos transtornos mentais entre estudantes de medicina em Santa Marta, Colômbia. Os itens do MICA precisam de uma revisão rigorosa para a versão em espanhol.

BACKGROUND Aging males’ symptoms (AMS) scale was developed to study the problems of aging males, especially related to the quality of life. Currently, there is no valid and reliable Indonesian version of the AMS scale. This study was aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the AMS scale. METHODS This cross-sectional study translated the existing AMS scale into Indonesian, which was tested in 40 years old males from May to August 2020. Cross-cultural validation of the AMS scale was conducted by translating the questionnaire from English to Indonesian by two independent-certified translators. The validity of the Indonesian version of the AMS scale was measured by conducting a Pearson correlation (r) analysis. The reliability of this questionnaire was tested and retested in 118 participants with a 2-week interval. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha value was measured and used as a reference. The first test was conducted in a corporate blood donor event in Matraman, East Jakarta, and the retest was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. RESULTS The Indonesian version of the AMS scale was valid and had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.74. The test-retest reliability showed good reliability with an r-value of 0.981. Pearson correlation test showed that all questions in the questionnaire were valid (p

The aim of study was to evaluate of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale in children aged 7–12 with cancer. The sample consisted of 70 children. Psychometric testing consisted of internal consistency reliability (item-total correlations and Cronbach alpha coefficient), test-retest reliability, and validity (exploratory factor analysis and Kendall's coefficient of concordance). In the exploratory factor analysis, Barlett’s chi-square test was (X2 =161.485; p = 0.000). Kendall's coefficient of concordance was found to be Wa = 0.75. The test-retest reliability of the scale was r =0.91, and the internal consistency Cronbach α value was 0.83. Correlations between all items were significantly higher (p

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish version of Questionnaire for Physical Therapy Students’ Attitude toward Their Profession and Education (Q-PTSAPE). Methods: Included in this study were 488 physical therapy students. The content, construct, and known-groups validities were assessed and the cut-off value was calculated. The construct validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The content validity index was obtained as 0.97. The construct validity was acceptable (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.061, Comparative Fit Index=0.905, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.892, Goodness of Fit Index=0.887, Normed Fit Index=0.860). Individuals with a Q-PTSAPE-Turkish score of ≥83.5 have a positive attitude towards their profession and education (p=0.001). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was excellent (0.90). ICC values of the questionnaire and its subdivisions were from medium to high (0.521-0.782). Conclusion: Q-PTSAPE-Turkish was valid and reliable in determining the attitudes of physiotherapy students towards the profession and vocational education.

The occurrence of sexual dysfunction in couples after childbirth is well recognized, yet sexual satisfaction in couples with young children (CYC) has received little research attention. This study sought to enable this construct to be measured by developing and validating a Japanese version of the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) in CYC. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Scale construction and validation were conducted using two independent samples drawn from 316 mothers and 272 fathers in Japan who had at least one child aged 6 or younger. Two underlying factors were identified using exploratory factor analysis: sexual satisfaction, measured by eight items, and sexual dissatisfaction, measured by three. Polychoric ordinal alpha coefficients indicated the reliability of the resulting scale (overall: 0.89, factor 1: 0.89, factor 2: 0.78), and confirmatory factor analysis and testing supported its validity, showing good model fit (goodness of fit index: 0.984, root mean square residual: 0.062) and satisfactory composite reliability (scale: 0.93, factor 1: 0.90, factor 2: 0.81) and average variance extracted (all ≥0.5). The Japanese version of the ISS for Couples with Young Children will be useful for investigating sexual satisfaction, which is essential to marital stability.

A systematic review assessing the reliability and validity of social identification measures in healthy participants using COSMIN guidelines. Main review questions: How reliable and valid are measures of social identification in healthy participants? What are the psychometric properties and factor structure of these measures? To what extent are these measures theoretically informed through the Social Identity Approach including Self Categorisation and Social identification as a basis? There has been dispute between various social identity researchers in the quantification of social identification and whether it is uni-dimensional or multi-dimensional, in addition to its roots in the social identity approach. This review will attempt to identify factor structures of pre-existing social identification measures and their efficacy in capturing social identification.

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the WHOQOL-OLD instrument, specifically measuring the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly, but the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD has not been available. METHODS This study was conducted in 2 steps. First, the instrument was translated and pre-tested to 8 elderly respondents from 2 villages in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. Second, Rasch modeling was used as implemented by the Winstep version 3.73 software to analyze the reliability, validity, value of separation, Wright map analysis, item-fit order, and differential item functioning in elderly respondents (aged ≥60 years old and did not have dementia) from 6 community health centers in Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia from July to December 2018. RESULTS Overall, the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD demonstrated good reliability and validity tests in 175 respondents. The overall value of the person reliability was 0.73 with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75, and the value of the item reliability was 0.97. A misconception and bias occurred in the death and dying facet, especially in the demographic categories of age, gender, and marital status. CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-OLD module has good psychometric properties to measure the QoL of the Indonesian older population. However, further studies involving various ethnicities, religious groups, and districts in Indonesia should be carried out before the module can be used throughout the country.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the patient-specific functional scale (PSFS-Ar) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disorder. Materials and Methods: Reliability and validity were examined in patients with multiple sclerosis using a longitudinal cohort study design. One hundred (N = 100) patients with MS were recruited to examine the PSFS-Ar, test–retest reliability (using the interclass correlation coefficient model 2,1 (ICC2,1)), construct validity (using the hypothesis testing method), and floor–ceiling effect. Results: A total of 100 participants completed the PSFS-Ar (34% male, 66% female). The PSFS-Ar showed an excellent test–retest reliability score (ICC2,1 = 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.93). The SEM of the PSFS-Ar was 0.80, while the MDC95 was 1.87, indicating an acceptable measurement error. The construct validity of the PSFS-Ar was 100% correlated with the predefined hypotheses. As hypothesized, the correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between the PSFS-Ar and the RAND-36 domains of physical functioning (0.5), role limitations due to physical health problems (0.37), energy/fatigue (0.35), and emotional well-being (0.19). There was no floor or ceiling effect in this study. Conclusions: The study results showed that the PSFS-Ar is a self-reported outcome measure that is useful for detecting specific functional difficulties in patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients are able to express and report a variety of functional limitations easily and effectively, as well as to measure their response to physical therapy. The PSFS-Ar is, therefore, recommended for use in Arabic-speaking countries for clinical practice and research for patients with multiple sclerosis.

A link between inappropriate physical behaviour patterns (low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour) and poor health outcomes has been observed. To provide evidence to quantify this link, it is important to have valid and reliable assessment tools. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the activPAL4TM monitor for distinguishing postures and measuring stepping activity of 6–12-year-old children. Thirteen children (8.5 ± 1.8 years) engaged in pre-determined standardised (12 min) and non-standardised (6 min) activities. Agreement, specificity and positive predictive value were assessed between the activPAL4TM and direct observation (DO) (nearest 0.1 s). Between-activPAL4TM (inter-device) and between-observer (inter-rater) reliability were determined. Detection of sitting and stepping time and forward purposeful step count were all within 5% of DO. Standing time was slightly overestimated (+10%) and fast walking/jogging steps underestimated (−20%). For non-standardised activities, activPAL4TM step count matched most closely to combined backward and forward purposeful steps; however, agreement varied widely. The activPAL4TM demonstrated high levels of reliability (ICC(1, 1) > 0.976), which were higher in some instances than could be achieved through direct observation (ICC(2, 1) > 0.851 for non-standardised activities). Overall, the activPAL4TM recorded standardised activities well. However, further work is required to establish the exact nature of steps counted by the activPAL4TM.

Purpose: The 12-item Örebro Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire (ÖMSQ-12) is a multidimensional questionnaire assessing general musculoskeletal problems. This study aimed to investigate its construct validity and reliability. Materials and methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for construct validity. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the SF-12 and Pain Numerical Rating Scale (P-NRS) were used for convergent validity. Reliability (ICC), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), reproducibility, and known-group validity were assessed. The cut-off value was measured. Results: A total of n = 378 individuals (aged 35.7 ± 12.4 years, female = 73.3%) with a musculoskeletal problem participated in the study. P-NRS score of the individuals was 5. Results showed that a 3-factor model did fit well under CFA (? 2/df = 2.76 ? 3). The questionnaire had good reliability (ICC = 0.865) and internal consistency (? = 0.810). There were no floor or ceiling effects (

Objective:This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sleep Disturbance scale for Children (SDSC).Materials and Methods:SDSC is a Likert-type scale with 26 items and 6 subscales used to investigate sleep disturbances in school-age children. The SDSC is completed by the parent based on the preceding 6 months. The study was started after obtaining permission from the scale owner. First, an orderly adaptation of the scale to the Turkish language was performed (translation, expert panel, back translation, pilot study). Test-retest was applied to 30 participants. After these procedures, data collection was started with SDSC and demographic data form. The collected data were analyzed for reliability (stability of the scale with test-retest; internal consistency of the scale with Cronbach’s alpha) and validity (construct validity of the scale with confirmatory factor analysis). T-score table was created for SDSC and its subscales.Results:Results: Overall, 328 participants attended the study. Of these, 51.5% were females and 48.5% were males. The mean age was 10.3±2.8 years (min: 6; max: 16 years). The Cronbach alpha value, which tested the scale’s internal consistency, was 0.79. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed X2/df=2.003, p70).Conclusion:The Turkish version of SDSC fulfilled the validity and reliability tests at an acceptable level.

In this article, we describe how neuroscience can be used in the study of team dynamics. Specifically, we point out methodological limitations in current team-based research and explain how quantitative electroencephalogram technology can be applied to the study of emergent processes in teams. In so doing, we describe how this technology and related analyses can explain emergent processes in teams through an example of the neural assessment of attention of team members who are engaged in a problem-solving task. Specifically, we demonstrate how the real-time, continuous neural signatures of team members’ attention in a problem-solving context emerges in teams over time. We then consider how further development of this technology might advance our understanding of the emergence of other team-based constructs and research questions. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Veselības psiholoģija Psiholoģija Health psychology Psychology 2020. gadā LIAA projekta KC-PI-2020/18 "Klīniskā personības pārbaude" ietvaros tika uzsākta LKPT krievu versijas adaptācija (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2020), kas nozīmē tulkotu un pielāgotu mērinstrumentu, izmantojot dažādas metodes (International Test Commission, 2017). Pētījuma mērķis bija “Pārbaudīt Latvijas klīniskā personības testa krievu versijas ALKO un NARKO skalu pamatotības un drošuma rādītāju atbilstību LKPT testa oriģināla psihometriskiem kritērijiem”. Pētījumā piedalījās 709 respondenti (N=709) – Latvijas iedzīvotāji (sievietes un vīrieši) no 18 gadu vecuma (M=39,36 (SD=15,43)), 35% vīrieši, vismaz ar pamatizglītību. Klīniskā grupa n = 175 (diagnoze F10.0 - F19.0) un neklīniskā grupa n = 534. Visi respondenti aizpildīja demogrāfijas anketu un Latvijas klīniskā personības testa (LKPT) krievu versiju (Perepjolkina u.c., 2021), papildus aizpildīja Pacienta veselības krievu versijas aptauju – depresijas testu (PHQ – 9) (angl. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item) (Kroenke, 2001), krievu versijas Alkohola lietošanas traucējumu identifikācijas testu (AUDIT) (angl. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) (Babor et al.,2001) un krievu versijas Narkotiku skrīninga aptauju (DAST – 10) (angl. Drug Abuse Screening Test) (Skinner, 1982). Pētījumā veiktie aprēķini uzrādīja, ka reakcijas un diskriminācijas indeksi, kā arī Kronbaha alfas (α) koeficienti ir normu robežās (ALKO skala – kopējā izlase α = 0,93 un klīniskā grupa α = 0,94. NARKO skala – kopējā izlase α = 0,87 un klīniskā grupa α = 0,91). Starp LKPT skalām (ALKO, NARKO, DP, SS un IA) un citiem instrumentiem (PHQ-9, AUDIT un DAST) pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas korelācijas (p < 0,01), tāpat starp pētāmām grupām pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības ALKO un NARKO skalu rādītājos (p < 0,01). Iegūtie rezultāti apstiprina LKPT krievu versijas atbilstību LKPT testa oriģināla psihometriskiem kritērijiem. LKPT krievu versijas ALKO un NARKO skalas varētu būt plaši izmantotas pētījumos, kā arī psihologu profesionālajā darbībā tieši psiholoģiskajā izpētē. In 2020, an adaptation of LCPI Russian version (RSU, 2020), which means a translated and adapted measuring instrument according to different methods (ITC, 2017), was started within the range of LIAA project KC-PI-2020/18 "Clinical personality test". The aim of the study was “To test the validity and reliability correspondence of the Russian version of Latvian clinical personality inventory ALCO and NARCO scales with the psychometric criteria of the LCPI original test”. 709 respondents (N = 709) took part in the research in total – inhabitants of Latvia (male and female), at least 18 years old, (M=39,36 (SD=15,43)), 35% males, with at least primary education. Clinical group n = 175 (diagnosis F10.0 – F 19.0) and non-clinical group n = 534. All respondents performed demographic survey and the Russian version of Latvian clinical personality inventory (LCPI) (Perepjolkina u.c., 2021), some additionally performed Russian version of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 item (PHQ – 9) (Kroenke, 2001), Russian version of The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) (Babor et. al.,2001) and Russian version of (Drug Abuse Screening Test) DAST - 10 (Skinner, 1982). The calculations performed during the study showed that the difficulty and discrimination indices as well as the Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient are within normal range (ALCO scale – total sample α = 0,93 and clinical group α = 0,94. NARCO scale – total sample α = 0,87 and clinical group α = 0,91 There is a statistically significant correlation (p < 0,01) between the LCPI scales (ALCO, NARCO, DP, SS and IA) and other instruments (PHQ-9, AUDIT and DAST), as well as there are also statistically significant differences of ALCO and NARCO scale indicators (p < 0,01) between the studied groups. Therefore, the obtained results confirm the correspondence of the Russian version of LCPI with the psychometric criteria of the original test. ALCO and NARCO scales of the Russian version of LCPI could be widely used in research, as well as in professional activity of psychologists in psychological research.

Study Design Psychometric study. Objective The purpose of this study is to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian (Farsi) version of GLTEQ in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods This study had three phases, including translation of the questionnaire into Persian and making cultural adaptation, evaluation of pre-final version of questionnaire’s comprehensibility in a pilot study, and investigation of reliability and validity of the final version of the translated questionnaire. Content validity, and convergent validity (correlations among the Persian version of GLTEQ and Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)) and after all test-retest reliability were studied. Results The subjects were 87 MS patients. The Persian version demonstrated moderate to good convergent validity; the correlation coefficient between the Persian version and GPAQ was r=0.64 (p Conclusions The Persian version of GLTEQ is a valid and reliable instrument to assess physical activity in patients with MS. This questionnaire can be a step toward standardization of physical activity measurement in patients with MS. Also, in research, it provides the possibilities to carry on a comparative study across cultures using the same outcome measure.

The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt a scale to evaluate social justice in nursing students and to examine the validity and reliability within a Korean context. With a survey design, a total of 267 nursing students were recruited, and data were collected using a self-administered study questionnaire to measure their levels of SJS. Using SPSS/WIN 28.0, construct validity, item convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability of the scale was evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a four-factor solution; that explained 55.52% of the total variance. Criterion validity was demonstrated with the Social Issues Advocacy Scale (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Cronbach’s α coefficient for the scale was 0.96. The findings show satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability of the Korean version of the SJS for measuring social justice in nursing students.

Objective: Patients’ beliefs and emotions toward an illness can influence their coping responses, illness behaviors, adherence to treatment, quality of life, and even the psychoneuroimmune responses. The aim of present study was to develop and validate a novel questionnaire assessing both rational and irrational beliefs of patients regarding their illness. Method: In a cross sectional methodological study, the items of the Illness Belief Network (IBN) were developed regarding patients and clients’ opinions about and attribution of their disease extracted from 400 clinical interviews and were coded based on Leventhal’s self-regulation model. An expert panel coded the items. A total of 400 patients with different medical conditions completed the questionnaire. Participants additionally rated the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire in its revised form (IPQ-R) to assess convergent validity. Construct validity was examined by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach alpha and Intracluster Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for examining Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the IBN. Results: The IBN questionnaire was finalized with 84 items, and the results of factor analysis revealed 5 factors: psychosocial causes, environmental causes, control, meaning, and consequence/timeline; extracted factors were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s α coefficient for scale was 0.92 and it ranged from 0.79 to 0.89 for the subscales. IBN indicated excellent test-retest reliability results based on ICC 0.842(95%CI: 0.798-0.846). The correlation coefficients of all items exceeded the prespecified acceptable value of 0.40, indicating satisfactory item discriminant validity, and correlation between IBN and IPQ-R subscales were statistically significant (all p values < 0.01), indicating acceptable convergent validity. Conclusion: The IBN questionnaire is a valid and reliable phenomenological, non-judging, and clinical tool to assess patient’s rational and irrational or faith-based beliefs about the illness. This tool can be used to improve doctor-patient communication by exploring the complex nature of human thinking.

Objective The aims of this study were to develop the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale and to test its validity and reliability. Methods The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale was developed based on English version. This study is a methodological one in its approach. Results The Korean version of Compassionate Communication Scale contained 20 items and was divided into three factors that explained 63.4% of the total variance. This scale demonstrated excellent convergent and discriminant validity (100%), and criterion-related validity (Global Interpersonal Communication Competence r = 0.494; self-compassion: r = 0.317). Internal consistency was acceptable, and Cronbach’s α of the total items was 0.85. Conclusions This study examined The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale as an appropriate measurement of communication ability for nursing practice. Therefore, this scale suggests that the developed 20 items of the Compassionate Communication Scale can be used for therapeutic relationship and nursing education.

Recently, health insurance claims have regained the attention of the scientific community as a source of real-world evidence in health care research and quality improvement. To date, very few studies are available which investigate the validity of health insurance claims; these may be affected by bias from several sources, such as possible upcoding of co-morbidities and complications for reimbursement advantages. The IDOMENEO study investigates the inpatient treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) comprehensively using various data sources with a consortium involving experts from health care research and data privacy, a large health insurance fund, biostatisticians, jurists, and computer scientists. Prospective registry data were collected from 30–40 vascular centres in Germany using the GermanVasc registry. In addition, health insurance claims data were prospectively collected from BARMER, the second largest health insurance fund in Germany. The consortium is currently developing a data privacy compliant method of health insurance claims data validation, the methodological foundations of which are described here.

Currently, there is no validated Turkish language instrument to assess the Hand Hygiene Questionnaire.This study determined the validity, structure and reliability of a Turkish translation of the Hand Hygiene Questionnaire scale in order to assess health care students' belief and practices regarding hand hygiene (HH) and inform strategies to improve HH compliance.The content validity index, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability statistics were employed. We recruited 595 nursing and physiotherapy students to participate in the study.The content validity index ranged from 0.77 to 0.86. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.74 to 0.95. The fit measures of the model using confirmatory factor analysis were χ2 = 1276.18 (degrees of freedom (df) = 461); root mean squared error of approximation was 0.064. Normed fit index was 0.95 and comparative fit index was 0.97.This translation offers a reliable and valid means of assessing the beliefs and practices of Turkish health care students regarding hand hygiene.التحقق من الترجمة التركية لاستبيان نظافة الأيدي.فاطمة بيرجلي، ميديا سوباسي بايبوجا، خديجة أوزكوتش، أوكتاي كورو، ثيا فان دي مورتيل، عديلة تومر.لا توجد أداة لغوية متحقق منها باللغة التركية في الوقت الحالي لتقييم استبيان نظافة الأيدي.حددت هذه الدراسة صحة الترجمة التركية لمقياس استبيان نظافة الأيدي وهيكله وموثوقيته، بهدف تقييم آراء طلاب الرعاية الصحية وممارساتهم فيما يتعلق بنظافة الأيدي، والاسترشاد بها في وضع استراتيجيات لتحسين الامتثال لنظافة الأيدي.تم استخدام مؤشر صحة المحتوى، وتحليل العوامل التأكيدية، وإحصاءات الموثوقية. وقمنا باختيار 595 ممرضة وطالب علاج طبيعي للمشاركة في الدراسة.تراوح مؤشر صحة المحتوى بين 0.77 و 0.86. وتراوح معامل ألفا كرونباخ بين 0.74 و 0.95. وبلغت قياسات الملائمة للنموذج باستخدام تحليل العوامل التأكيدية (461 = df ; χ2=1276.18) ؛ وكان متوسط الجذر التربيعي للخطأ بالتقريب 0.064. وبلغ مؤشر الملائمة المُعيَّ 0.95 ، ومؤشر الملائمة المقارن 0.97.تقدم هذه الترجمة وسيلة موثوقة وصالحة لتقييم آراء وممارسات طلاب الرعاية الصحية الأتراك فيما يتعلق بنظافة الأيدي.Validation d’une traduction du Questionnaire sur l’hygiène des mains en turc.Actuellement, il n’existe pas d’instrument validé en turc pour évaluer le questionnaire sur l’hygiène des mains.La présente étude a déterminé la validité, la structure et la fiabilité d’une traduction turque de l’échelle du questionnaire sur l’hygiène des mains afin d’évaluer les croyances et les pratiques des étudiants en soins de santé concernant l’hygiène des mains et orienter les stratégies visant à améliorer le respect de l’hygiène des mains.L’indice de validité du contenu, l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire et les statistiques de fiabilité ont été utilisés. Nous avons recruté 595 étudiants en sciences infirmières et en physiothérapie pour participer à l’étude.L’indice de validité du contenu était compris entre 0,77 et 0,86. L’alpha de Cronbach variait de 0,74 à 0,95. Les mesures d’ajustement du modèle à l’aide de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire étaient χ2 = 1276,18 (degrés de liberté = 461), l’erreur quadratique moyenne de l’approximation étant de 0,064. L’indice d’ajustement normalisé était de 0,95 et l’indice d’ajustement comparatif de 0,97.Cette traduction offre un moyen fiable et valable d’évaluer les croyances et les pratiques des étudiants en soins de santé turcs en ce qui concerne l’hygiène des mains.

Objective: This study was carried out to generate Turkish adaptation of ‘Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale’ (PSRS), developed by Chen in 2015, and to examine its factor structure.Methods: In this methodological type of study, the sample is composed of 607 pregnant women who consulted to maternity clinic of a university hospital and agreed to participate in the study. PSRS has 36 items in total. Following the evaluation of language adaptation and examination of content validity of the scale, data was collected through ‘Introduction Form for Pregnants’ and PSRS. Interprofessional compliance validation is made for content validity index. Explanatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity. In the reliability study, item-total scale analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient determination and test-half analysis were performed. Item-total scale analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient determination and test-half analysis were performed in the reliability study.Results: It was seen that inter-rater reliability was achieved for the items included in the scale. Explanatory factor analysis was carried out for construct validity; and factor loads of all items were found between 0.409 and 0.784. In terms of internal consistency analysis of the scale, Cronbach alpha was seen to be highly reliable with 0.94 coefficient value. Split-half reliability test was also applied to the scale; and Spearman Brown and Guttman coefficients were found to be 0.88 and 0.85 respectively.Conclusion: Validity and reliability of Turkish form of PSRS, originally developed in English by Chen, was found to be high in our study. It is recommended that the scale be utilized in evaluating stress levels of the pregnants in our society., Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2015 yılında Chen tarafından geliştirilen “Gebelik Stresi Değerlendirme Ölçeği (GSDÖ)”ni Türkçe’ye uyarlamak ve faktör yapısını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Metodolojik tipte olan bu çalışmada örneklemi bir üniversite hastanesi Kadın-Doğum Polikliniğine başvuran ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 607 gebe oluşturmuştur. GSDÖ’nin toplam 36 maddesi bulunmaktadır. Ölçeğin dil uyarlaması ve içerik geçerlik incelemesinin değerlendirilmesinden sonra veriler, “Gebe Tanıtım Formu” ve GSDÖ ile toplanmıştır. Kapsam geçerlilik çalışması için uzmanlar arası uyum geçerliliği (CVI) yapılmıştır. Yapı geçerliliği için açıklayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik çalışmasında madde-toplam ölçek çözümlemesi, Cronbach alfa katsayısı belirleme ve test yarılama analizleri yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Ölçekte yer alan maddelere ilişkin uzman görüşleri arasında uyum olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapı geçerliği için açıklayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış olup, tüm maddelerin faktör yükleri 0,409 ile 0,784 arasında bulunmuş ve ölçeğin iç tutarlılık analizinde Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,94 olup yüksek güvenilirlilik derecesine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçek aynı zamanda eşdeğer yarılar testine tabii tutulmuş ve Spearman Brown katsayısı 0,88, Guttman katsayısı 0,85 olarak belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda GSDÖ’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlilik düzeyi yüksektir. Ölçeğin toplumumuzda gebelerin stres durumlarının değerlendirmesinde kullanılması önerilmektedir.

Agility is an important ability for tennis players, but there is an evident lack of studies focusing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility tests that capture a combination of the physical and cognitive agility performance. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to design and test measurement properties of the tennis-specific reactive agility test that would be feasible and practical for regular implementation. A total of 32 youth tennis players (21 males and 11 females; 10.85 ± 1.50 years) participated in this study. The measurement characteristics of the newly designed reactive agility tennis-specific (TS-RAN) test have been established by comparing it with two generic agility tests and with two tennis-specific pre-planned agility tests. The overall reliability of the new TS-RAN test can only be considered “moderate to good”, as although the results of participants showed good internal consistency, the within-subject reliability of the test proved to be unsatisfactory, since the participants showed a lack of performance consistency. This is not unexpected considering the very young age of the participants who performed the test for the very first time. The new TS-RAN test was highly projected (0.91) on the same single latent dimension, with the variance predominately explained by the tennis-specific agility tests. The test’s greatest strength is its high feasibility, since the test does not require any special set-up nor technical equipment, and that makes it practical for regular implementation in a practical setting. Further research studies are needed in order to confirm the test’s potential to be widely accepted and used.

Orientador: Maria Cecilia Bueno Jayme Gallani Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Resumo: A dispnéia é um dos sintomas cardeais das doenças cardiovasculares, as quais constituem importante causa de morbi e mortalidade no mundo. A subjetividade desse sintoma dificulta sua quantificação acurada, levando ao desenvolvimento de questionários, como o Modified Dyspnea Index (MDI), com o objetivo de avaliar mais especificamente o sintoma. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação cultural do instrumento Modified Dyspnea Index para a língua portuguesa do Brasil; testar sua confiabilidade e sua validade convergente por meio da correlação com o esforço percebido (aplicação da Escala Modificada de Borg), avaliação da força muscular respiratória e avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (aplicação do questionário Minnesota Living with Heart Failure). Metodologia: O processo de adaptação cultural seguiu metodologia recomendada internacionalmente, com as etapas de tradução-retrotradução e avaliação, por comitê de juízes, das equivalências: semântica, idiomática, cultural/experimental, conceitual e metabólica. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi utilizado para avaliar a proporção de concordância entre os juízes. Como se trata de instrumento para uso do profissional de saúde, foi desenvolvido e validado um roteiro para nortear a aplicação do MDI. A confiabilidade foi avaliada segundo o critério da equivalência inter-observador, com aplicação simultânea do instrumento por dois profissionais de saúde (fisioterapeuta e enfermeiro) a pacientes portadores de doença cardiovascular com queixa de dispnéia. A validade foi testada segundo o critério da validade convergente, por meio da correlação entre MDI e: Escala Modificada de Borg, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (versão brasileira do Minnesota Living with Heart Failure - LHFQ) e valores de Pressão inspiratória máxima (Pi máx) e Pressão expiratória máxima (Pe máx). Os instrumentos foram aplicados por um único pesquisador, sob forma de entrevista; em seguida, os pacientes foram submetidos à mensuração da Pe máx e Pi máx. A concordância entre os avaliadores independentes, junto a 31 pacientes, foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente Kappa e para o teste das correlações entre o MDI e demais medidas (n=151) foi empregado coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Foi adotado p? 0,05 como nível de significância. Resultados: O MDI sofreu alterações de acordo com a avaliação da validade de conteúdo. Foi constatado elevado coeficiente de concordância entre os observadores quanto ao escore total do MDI (k= 0,960). Foi observada correlação negativa significativa, embora de pequena magnitude entre MDI e Escala de Borg Modificada (r= -0,29, p=0,0003) e entre MDI e Pi máx e Pe máx (r= 0,26, p=0,0001; e r= 0,28, p=0,0006; respectivamente). A correlação entre o MDI e a medida de qualidade de vida, entretanto, foi de forte magnitude, considerando-se o escore total do LHFQ e sua dimensão física (r= -0,53, p=

Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas Resumo: Os sintomas osteomusculares englobam um amplo conjunto de problemas que envolvem o sistema musculoesquelético e relacionam-se com freqüência, embora não exclusivamente, com atividades do trabalho. Fatores biomecânicos, organizacionais e psicossociais tem sido associados ao desenvolvimento ou exarcebação destes sintomas. O trabalho do fisioterapeuta envolve diversos fatores de risco para a ocorrência de sintomas osteomusculares. Considerando-se a lacuna na literatura de instrumentos para a avaliação de fatores relacionados aos sintomas osteomusculares em fisioterapeutas no desempenho de seu trabalho, este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar o "Instrumento sobre atividades do trabalho que podem contribuir para sintomas osteomusculares" para o contexto do trabalho do fisioterapeuta, avaliando suas propriedades psicométricas. Inicialmente foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica para adaptar e desenvolver os itens do questionário. Seguiu-se então a etapa de validade de conteudo, na qual um comite formado por 10 juizes contribuiu para a elaboração da versão que foi pré-testada em 11 fisioterapeutas. As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas por meio da auto-aplicação do questionário em 142 fisioterapeutas. A confiabilidade foi verificada segundo os critérios da estabilidade (teste-reteste) e da consistência interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach). A validade de constructo foi analisada por meio da técnica de grupos conhecidos, quando se comparou as respostas de fisioterapeutas com as de funcionários administrativos. A etapa de analise da validade de conteúdo resultou em mudanças nas instruções de preenchimento, redução de um item e inclusão do indicador NA (não se aplica) a escala de resposta. A analise do teste-reteste do instrumento mostrou CCI de 0,82 a 0,90 (p

Aim: The objective was to adapt the person-centered maternity care scale (PCMCS) developed by Afulani et al. in 2017 to Turkish and to perform the validity and reliability study of this scale. Methods: The population of this methodological study consisted of 280 mothers who were referred to the postpartum service of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Linguistic validity, context validity, and pilot practice studies regarding the PCMCS that could be used in the first nine postpartum weeks were per formed. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to assess the construct validity of the form. Reliability of PCMCS was tested through the Cronbach’s α internal consistency coeffi cient, total item correlation, and test–retest analysis. Results: The Turkish version of the PCMCS a 21-item scale with three sub-dimensions was obtained. These three sub-dimensions found as a result of explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the scale structure. Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient scale was adequate for total and sub dimensions. Conclusion: Turkish version of PCMCS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to be used for assessing the person-centered maternity care for women in the postpartum period

Tai Chi is an effective exercise option for individuals with coronary heart disease or its associated risk factors. An accurate and systematic assessment of a Mandarin-speaking adults’ self-efficacy in maintaining Tai Chi exercise is lacking. Mandarin Chinese has the most speakers worldwide. This study aimed to translate the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale and examine its psychometric properties. The 14-item Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale was translated from English into Mandarin Chinese using a forward-translation, back-translation, committee approach, and pre-test procedure. Participants with coronary heart disease or risk factors (n = 140) enrolled in a cross-sectional study for scale validation. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the two-factor structure (Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy barriers and performance) to this sample. The translated scale demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.97, and good test-retest reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p &lt, 0.01). Participants with prior Tai Chi experience reported significantly higher scores than those without (p &lt, 0.001), supporting known-group validity. A significant correlation was observed between the translated scale and total exercise per week (r = 0.37, p &lt, 0.01), providing evidence of concurrent validity. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale is a valid and reliable scale for Chinese adults with coronary heart disease or risk factors.

Objective To shorten the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) to its most essential items and evaluate its measurement properties for assessing the degree of patients’ and family caregivers’ meaningful engagement as partners in research projects. Methods A prospective cross‐sectional web‐based survey in Canada and the USA, and also paper‐based in Canada. Participants were patients or family caregivers who had engaged in research projects within the last 3 years, were ≥17 years old, and communicated in English. Extensive psychometric analyses were conducted. Results 119 participants: 99 from Canada, 74 female, 51 aged 17‐35 years and 50 aged 36‐65 years, 60 had post‐secondary education, and 74 were Caucasian/white. The original 37‐item PEIRS was shortened to 22 items (PEIRS‐22), mainly because of low inter‐item correlations. PEIRS‐22 had a single dominant construct that accounted for 55% of explained variance. Analysis of PEIRS‐22 scores revealed the following: (1) acceptable floor and ceiling effects (

Background Complete tooth losses are still being major problems which resulted in lesser quality of life especially for elderly patients. However, there are still lack of questionnaire to evaluate the treatment outcome from the patient’s aspect. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Patient’s Denture Assessment-Thai version (PDA-T), then use this questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with complete denture treatment outcome also investigates the factors involving their satisfaction. Methods The subjects comprised 120 edentulous adult patients (49 men/71 women; average age 70 years-old) from the Prosthodontic and the Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University during 2019 March‒2020 March. The patients were divided into two groups: the group experienced (Exper) (n = 54) with wearing complete dentures, and the non-experienced (NonExper) group (n = 66). The patients used the validated PDA-T to self-assess their treatment at different times. The Exper group completed the questionnaire at t0 (during treatment), t0.5 (2‒8-weeks after t0), and t1 (final follow-up). The NonExper group completed the questionnaire only at t1. Results In the Exper group, Cronbach’s α and average inter-item correlation was 0.95 (range 0.76‒0.95) and 0.47 (range 0.57‒0.83), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (n = 18, 95% confidence interval) were 0.98 overall. The paired t-test (p 0 and t1 indicated a significant difference between t0 and t1 in every PDA-T topic, and the effect size was 1.71. In the NonExper group, the Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between the patients' demographics and masticatory function. Conclusion The reliability and validity of the PDA-T indicate it is a valuable tool for evaluating complete denture treatment. Treatment success affected the patients' satisfaction but was not associated with the type of doctors, genders, ages, or educational level.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States and has no cure or progression prevention. The Cognitive Reserve (CR) theory poses that constant brain activity earlier in life later helps to deter pathological changes in the brain, delaying the onset of disease symptoms. Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) in AD patients. Methods: Primary data collection was done using the CRIq to quantify CR in 90 participants. Correlations and multivariable linear regressions were used to assess reliability and validity. Results: Reliability was tested in 34 participants. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 (p

Purpose: Upper limb lymphedema is a vexing morbidity that can occur after the treatment for breast cancer. The Lymphedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Upper Limb Lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-UL) is a valid and reliable tool assessing problems in functioning in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Until now, a French-language version was lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural validation of the French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL questionnaire. Methods: A forward–backward translation process between the original language (Dutch) and the target language (French) was performed. Psychometric properties of this final French version were examined in 50 participants. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for internal consistency were higher than 0.77. Face and content validity were very good because the scoring system was clear for all participants (100%), questions were understandable (100%), and all complaints due to BCRL were mentioned by 78% of the participants. Construct validity was moderate. Convergent validity was established since 3 out of 5 expected domains of the Lymph-ICF-UL showed a moderate correlation with expected domains of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. There was satisfactory divergent validity as 6 out of 9 hypotheses assessing divergent validity were accepted. Conclusion: The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire and ready for use in clinical as well as in scientific practice.Implications for rehabilitationSince the introduction of more effective treatment modalities increasing the number of breast cancer survivors, the amount of patients dealing with lymphedema is rising likewise up to a pooled incidence rate of more than 16% of the women treated for breast cancer.The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing problems in functioning of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema of the arm and/or hand.As the questionnaire provides patient information in the different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, it facilitates evaluating the impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on daily functioning.Based on the outcomes of the Lymph-ICF-UL treatment goals can be set, where after the questionnaire can be used to monitor long-term results of this treatment and self-care. Since the introduction of more effective treatment modalities increasing the number of breast cancer survivors, the amount of patients dealing with lymphedema is rising likewise up to a pooled incidence rate of more than 16% of the women treated for breast cancer. The French version of the Lymph-ICF-UL is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing problems in functioning of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema of the arm and/or hand. As the questionnaire provides patient information in the different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, it facilitates evaluating the impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on daily functioning. Based on the outcomes of the Lymph-ICF-UL treatment goals can be set, where after the questionnaire can be used to monitor long-term results of this treatment and self-care.

Background: In health care, quality-of-life surveys and questionnaires related to care are becoming increasingly important as a measure of its quality. There is currently no Spanish version of the Unite Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) scale, which makes it suitable for hand pathology. The purposes of this study are to develop a Spanish version of the URAM and perform a transcultural adaptation of it, analyzing the result for reliability, validity, and sensitivity to changes. Methods: The questionnaire was evaluated for patients with Dupuytren's disease and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The cohort study subjects were interviewed at three points in time (baseline,three days after intervention, and one month after), administering the QuickDASH, URAM, and SF-12 (CF12 = physical component, CM12 = mental component) questionnaires at baseline and after intervention; and only the URAM at 3 days. Content validity was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The distribution of the factorial loads of the items and the pattern of the answers were checked. Responsiveness was evaluated by the size of the effect and the reliable rate of change. Convergent and divergent validity was performed using Spearman's r between the different questionnaires. Results: The study was conducted with 106 patients. The mean baseline scores were: URAM = 14.8, QuickDASH = 41.6, CF12 = 39.3 and CM12 = 49.4. Ceiling or floor effects were not observed in the Spanish URAM. The Cronbach alpha = 0.853 explains 49.6% of the variance. The study had a high reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.939). Size effect, measured as differences in scores, was moderate for URAM (-0.69) and QuickDASH (-0.51); and low for CF12 and CM12. The correlation of URAM with QuickDASH was high ( r = 0.716), and moderate with DD and CTS. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the URAM is a valid and reliable tool for use in assessing hand pathology. (c) 2020 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective The Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) is a new diagnostic measure of the functional impact of tinnitus that is also a sensitive measure of treatment-related changes. However, the TFI has not been translated into Chinese and fully validated in China. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of a Chinese version of the TFI as a diagnostic measure of tinnitus severity in a sample of Chinese patients and to verify the value of its clinical application in China. Design A sample of 206 patients whose primary complaint was tinnitus was used to analyze the reliability and validity of the TFI. In addition, patients were asked to fill out the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to compare TFI with their association. The internal consistency of the TFI was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The factor structure of the TFI was assessed by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The extracted factors were compared to those of the original TFI scale. Results The reliability of the Chinese version of the TFI (Cronbach’ s α = .969) showed high internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the TFI showed that six factors with one main factor could be extracted instead of eight factors as described in the original version. Nevertheless, relations to the original eight subscales could be demonstrated. A high correlation between the TFI and the THI (r = .865, p r = .334, p r = .559, p r = − 0.324, p Conclusion After translated and validated a Chinese version of the TFI and found that the TFI had high reliability and validity, which means both instruments are reliable instruments to assess the severity of tinnitus in clinical applications in China.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemic and pandemic outbreak periods are as stressful for psychiatric symptoms as well as the physical symptoms of the epidemic disease and can trigger and aggravate psychiatric symptoms, especially anxiety. There is no scale specific to the outbreak period and which can be used in other outbreaks. In this study, it was planned to develop a scale to evaluate the anxiety associated with epidemic disease, especially during the epidemic period. METHODS: In this study, a Likert type scale with 15 items was developed by our research team to evaluate outbreak disease anxiety, and the scale form created was transferred to online use and the reliability of validity was evaluated by obtaining the results of 311 participants in the online environment. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. Split-half reliability was estimated using Spearman-Brown coefficients unequel length. Explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS, correlation analysis, and construct validity analysis (convergent validity and discriminant validity) were conducted. Beck Anxiety Inventory and Health Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach Alpha coefficient calculated for the evaluation of the internal consistency (homogeneity) of the outbreak anxiety scale was determined as 0.94 and this value shows that the scale has high reliability. With the results of this study, the scale's content validity and construct validity, discrimination, and criterion validity were evaluated and it was shown to have acceptable valid features in all. CONCLUSION: Outbreak anxiety scale is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate anxiety related with outbreak of epidemic and pandemic disease.

Yuh Yamashita,1,2 Tomohiko Nishigami,3 Akira Mibu,4 Katsuyoshi Tanaka,5 Benedict M Wand,6 Mark J Catley,7 Toshio Higashi1 1Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan; 2Department of Rehabilitation, Morinaga Orthopedic Clinic, Saga, 849-0934, Japan; 3Department of Physical Therapy, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan; 4Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Konan Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0001, Japan; 5Department of Rehabilitation, Tennouji-ku, Osaka, 543-0027, Japan; 6School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia; 7School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, AustraliaCorrespondence: Yuh YamashitaNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, JapanTelFax +81 95 819 7994 Email yuhyou6@gmail.comPurpose: Contemporary theories of pain suggest that how the body is perceived is central to the emergence of pain. The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain. However, there is no comprehensive measure to quantify self-perception of the painful area in Japanese people with neck pain. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of a self-perception questionnaire specific to the neck and evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale using Rasch analysis.Materials and Methods: The Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ-J) was developed by modifying the FreBAQ-J. One hundred people with chronic neck pain and fifty-six matched healthy controls completed the questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate targeting, category order, unidimensionality, person fit, internal consistency, differential item functioning, and differential test functioning in the neck pain population. Validity was investigated by examining the relationship between the FreNAQ-J and clinical status.Results: People with chronic neck pain endorsed FreNAQ-J items with greater frequency than healthy controls. FreNAQ-J did not reject the null hypothesis of fitting the Rasch model, had acceptable internal consistency and good test–retest reliability. Summed FreNAQ-J scores were significantly correlated with pain intensity, disability, pain-related catastrophizing and fear of movement.Conclusion: The individual items of the FreNAQ-J can be validly summed to provide a score of self-perception. The FreNAQ-J is the first scale developed for comprehensively evaluating disturbed body perception in Japanese patients with chronic neck pain.Keywords: neck pain, neck-specific body-perception questionnaire, reliability and validity, Rasch analysis

Background In clinical environments, nursing students experience a range of stressors that can affect their health, learning, and quality of patient care. This study aimed to develop a Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Clinical Stressors Scale (NSPCSS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods This exploratory, sequential mixed-method study was conducted in 2 phases. In the qualitative (item generation) phase, NSPCSS items were generated using the data collected from semi-structured interviews and a literature review. In the quantitative (psychometric evaluation) phase, face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity and reliability of the scale were tested. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data collected from 430 nursing students. Reliability was also assessed through internal consistency and composite reliability. Results In this study, 6 factors were extracted from 30 itemes through exploratory factor analysis: (1) instructor’s limited competence in clinical environments, (2) inappropriate clinical environment, (3) inadequate knowledge and skills, (4) inefficient education in clinical planning, (5) instructor’s inappropriate conduct, and (6) concerns about the characteristics of nursing career. These factors accounted for 58.8% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggested the goodness-of-fit indices was acceptable. Furthermore, the internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all factors were greater than 0.7. Conclusions The NSPCSS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing clinical stressors among nursing students.

Background Despite its continued use in many low-volume emergency departments (EDs), 3-level triage systems have not been extensively studied, especially on live triage cases. We have modified from the Australasian Triage Scale and developed a 3-level triage scale, and sought to evaluate its validity, reliability, and over- and under-triage rates in real patient encounters in our setting. Method This was a cross-sectional study in a single ED with 24,000 attendances per year. At triage, each patient was simultaneously assessed by a triage nurse, an adjudicator (the “criterion standard”), and a study nurse independently. Predictive validity was determined by comparing clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization, across triage levels. The discriminating performance of the triage tool in identifying patients requiring earlier medical attention was determined. Inter-observer reliability between the triage nurse and criterion standard, and across providers were determined using kappa statistics. Results In total, 453 triage ratings of 151 triage cases, involving 17 ED triage nurses and 57 nurse pairs, were analysed. The proportion of hospital admission significantly increased with a higher triage rating. The performance of the scale in identifying patients requiring earlier medical attention was as follows: sensitivity, 68.2% (95% CI 45.1–86.1%); specificity, 99.2% (95% CI 95.8–100%); positive predictive value, 93.8% (95% CI 67.6–99.1%); and negative predictive value, 94.8% (95% CI 90.8–97.1%). The over-triage and under-triage rates were 0.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Agreement between the triage nurse and criterion standard was substantial (quadratic-weighted kappa = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.60–0.92, p < 0.001), so was the agreement across nurses (quadratic-weighted kappa = 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusions The 3-level triage system appears to have good validity and reasonable reliability in a low-volume ED setting. Further studies comparing 3-level and prevailing 5-level triage scales in live triage encounters and different ED settings are warranted.

Background Medication adherence is essential for improving the health outcomes of patients. Various patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed to measure medication adherence in patients. However, no study has summarized the psychometric properties of these PROMs to guide selection for use in clinical practice or research. Objective This study aims to evaluate the quality of the PROMs used to measure medication adherence. Methods This study was guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Relevant articles were retrieved from the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. The PROMs were then evaluated based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Results A total of 121 unique medication adherence PROMs from 214 studies were identified. Hypotheses testing for construct validity and internal consistency were the most frequently assessed measurement properties. PROMs with at least a moderate level of evidence for ≥5 measurement properties include the Adherence Starts with Knowledge 20, Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology, General Medication Adherence Scale, Hill-Bone Scale, Immunosuppressant Therapy Barrier Scale, Medication Adherence Reasons Scale (MAR-Scale) revised, 5-item Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS-5), 9-item MARS (MARS-9), 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), 8-item MMAS (MMAS-8), Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Adherence Scale, Satisfaction with Iron Chelation Therapy, Test of Adherence to Inhalers, and questionnaire by Voils. The MAR-Scale revised, MMAS-4, and MMAS-8 have been administered electronically. Conclusions This study identified 121 PROMs for medication adherence and provided synthesized evidence for the measurement properties of these PROMs. The findings from this study may assist clinicians and researchers in selecting suitable PROMs to assess medication adherence.

Background: Women's health has been a global concern for many decades. As menopause is midway between the challenges of adulthood and despair of old age, comes the changes of menopause in women. The menopause rating scale (MRS) is widely used to assess menopause-related symptoms. The MRS was first published in 1990 for assessing menopause symptoms. However, no reliable and valid tools are available in the Gujarati language to assess the individuals with menopause symptoms. Aim: The aim of the study was to translate and find out reliability and validity of the Gujarati version of MRS in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study was carried out in three phases: The first phase was the translation of scale into the Gujarati language; the second phase was a pilot study on 30 postmenopausal women age assesses the comprehensibility of the prefinal version; and the third phase was to find out the reliability and validity of the final version of scale. Results: The total value of intraclass correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was 0.88, with the all items having individual intraclass correlation coefficients score ranging from 0.74 to 0.92. Reliability estimated by internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 and ranging from 0.85 to 0.95 test–retest. Conclusion: The Gujarati version of MRS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life in Guajarati-speaking populations.

A highly reliable algebraic skill measurement instrument with content and approach validity was developed. Its content focusses on the algebraic skills engineering students require to successfully follow a Differential Calculus Course. A team of 10 teachers, each with minimum of a master’s degree and teaching experience in differential calculus, participated in the design of this instrument. The measurement instrument is a large-scale multiple-choice criteria test comprising 25 test items. Its quality is described and analysed on the basis of the answers given by engineering students during the first and second semesters of the 2018-2019 academic year. The results show that topics that can predict student success and have the greatest power of discrimination in the measurement instrument are strongly related to skills students acquire in primary and secondary education, such as operating with fractions and the laws of exponents. It was also found that the main shortcomings in the algebraic skills of students are rationalisation, division of polynomials, factoring sums, and difference of cubes. Se construyó un instrumento de medición altamente confiable, con validez de contenido y de criterio. Su contenido está basado en las habilidades algebraicas que los estudiantes de ingeniería requieren para desempeñarse favorablemente en un Curso de Cálculo Diferencial en las carreras de ingeniería. En el diseño del instrumento participó un equipo de 10 profesores con al menos grado de maestría y experiencia docente en el área de cálculo diferencial. El instrumento de medición es de opción múltiple, criterial, de gran escala, está integrado por 25 reactivos y su análisis de calidad se describe y se deriva de las respuestas emitidas durante los ciclos lectivos 2018-2 y 2019-1 por estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en la carrera de ingeniería. Los resultados muestran que los tópicos que predicen el éxito del alumno y cuentan con el mayor poder de discriminación en el instrumento de medición están fuertemente relacionados con habilidades que los estudiantes adquieren desde la primaria y secundaria, como es el caso de las operaciones con fracciones y las leyes de los exponentes. También se logró identificar que la mayor deficiencia en las habilidades algebraicas de los estudiantes pertenece al tema de la racionalización, división de polinomios, factorización de suma y diferencia de cubos.

To help teachers better evaluate the level of risky play for pre-schoolers, the present study aimed to develop a Teacher Rating Scale of Risky Play (TRSRP) for 3–6 years Chinese Pre-schoolers. The scale was administered to a pre-schooler sample consisting of 1376 children (Mage = 57.53 months, SD = 10.38; 54.30% boys; 44.80% only child) recruited from Anji play kindergartens in Hangzhou, China. The psychometric properties of the instrument were examined. The reliability of scale was reported by calculating internal consistency. The construct validity of the scale was investigated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The final 7-item measure was structured into two subscales: play with great heights and play with high speed. The results suggested that the TRSRP has acceptable internal consistency and construct validity and can be used as an effective tool to measure the level of risky play for 3–6 years pre-schoolers in China’s Anji play kindergartens.

Background: Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States, many that have chosen not to be vaccinated have done so because of vaccine hesitancy. This highlights the need for tools that accurately capture the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccines, and provide steps toward improving vaccine acceptance. Methods: Participants of the Arizona CoVHORT (COVID-19 Cohort) received a one-time, electronic based cross-sectional questionnaire intended to capture underlying motivations regarding vaccination, as well as hesitations that may prevent people from getting vaccinated. Rasch analysis was conducted among 4703 CoVHORT participants who had completed the vaccine questionnaire to assess questionnaire reliability and validity. Response categories were grouped to optimize scale functioning and to ensure independent probabilities of participant endorsement. Results: A total of 4703 CoVHORT participants completed the questionnaire, of whom 68% were female, and who had a mean age of 48 years. Participants were primarily White (90%), highly educated (63% with a college degree or above, with most respondents (45%) having an income of more than $75,000 per annum. The results indicated the questionnaire has good reliability and construct validity for assessing attitudes and beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccines. In-fit mean-squares for included items ranged from 0.61 to 1.72 and outfit mean-squares ranged from 0.56 to 1.75, and correlation coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 0.75. The person-item map indicated normal distribution of logit scores measuring perceptions about COVID-19 vaccinations. Conclusions: The CoVHORT vaccine questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory reliability and construct validity in assessing attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. Overall results provide a starting point for a reliable and valid tool to assess knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination, ultimately providing public health professionals with an instrument to assess the factors that are associated with vaccine acceptance or hesitancy.

Healthcare professionals often use multimedia patient education media, but not all have the same content quality. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health to the Spanish setting and assess its psychometric properties. A methodological validation study was carried out between January and September 2020. Data collection took place from May to June 2020. A translation, back translation, committee review, and pre-testing was carried out. Subsequently, reliability (internal consistency), and validity (factorial and convergent) were assessed by requiring 210 Healthcare Professionals to complete the instrument based on video material. In addition, a refinement of the instrument was conducted based on the modification indexes. The instrument showed adequate internal consistency, although some redundancy in the items (α = .93). Ex ploratory factor analysis suggested a unifactorial structure that explained an adequate variance (47.37%). Convergent validity was poor (r = .11; P = .05). After analysis, 6 items were deleted without impairing the validity results and eliminating redundancy. Therefore, a 12-item version of the instrument was created. It can help to assess more objectively the contents of the materials prescribed, facilitating the choice of those of higher quality and potentially improving their patients’ health outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm the previous results and reassess some of the shortcomings. Consejería de Salud , Junta de Andalucía

Background and Aims: Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure in hand surgery. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire into Finnish for Finnish patients with hand problems following international standards and guidelines. Material and Methods: The original English Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was translated into Finnish. Altogether, 115 patients completed the Finnish Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and reference outcomes: Disabilities of the Arm and Shoulder, EQ-5D 3L and pain intensity on a visual analog scale. Grip and key pinch forces were measured. After 1–2 weeks, 63 patients completed the Finnish Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire the second time. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was analyzed for internal consistency, repeatability, correlations with the reference outcomes, and factor analysis. Results: Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 in all the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire subscales, showing high internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed good to excellent test–retest reliability ranging from 0.66 to 0.91 in all the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire subscales. In factor analysis, the structure with six subscales was not confirmed. All the subscales correlated with Disabilities of the Arm and Shoulder score, and five subscales correlated with EQ-5D index. Conclusion: The Finnish version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed similar properties compared to the original English version and thus can be used as patient-reported outcome measure for Finnish patients with hand problems.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire-Adolescent version (K-MDQ-A) as a screening instrument for bipolar disorders in adolescents. Methods One hundred two adolescents with bipolar disorders and their parents were recruited from November 2014 to November 2016 at 7 training hospitals. One hundred six controls were recruited from each middle school in two cities of South Korea. The parent version of the original MDQ-A was translated into Korean. The parents of all participants completed the K-MDQ-A. The diagnoses of bipolar disorders were determined based on the Korean version of K-SADS-PL. The test-retest reliability with a 10-month interval was investigated in 33 bipolar adolescents. Results K-MDQ-A yielded a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.92 when using a cut-off score of endorsement of 5 items, indicating that symptoms occurred in the same time period and caused moderate or serious problems. The internal consistency of the K-MDQ-A was good. The correlations between each item and the total score ranged from 0.40 to 0.76 and were all statistically significant. Factor analysis revealed 3 factors that explained 61.25% of the total variance. The mean total score was significantly higher in bipolar adolescents (7.29) than in controls (1.32). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the total test-retest score was 0.59 (p＜0.001). Conclusion The K-MDQ-A completed by parents showed the excellent validity and reliability and may be a useful screening tool for adolescents with bipolar disorders attending in- and outpatient psychiatric clinics.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a validade e confiabilidade da escala Tuberculosis-Related Stigma. Métodos Estudo metodológico com 263 indivíduos não diagnosticados com tuberculose pulmonar. Também foi utilizada a análise de correlação de Pearson, o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, correlação item total e análise fatorial dos dados do estudo. Resultados Neste estudo, o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi 0,83 para a subescala perspectivas da comunidade e 0,89 para a subescala perspectivas dos pacientes. O RMSEA foi 0,077, NFI: 0,91, CFI: 0,94, RMR: 0,056, SRM: 0,079, GFI: 0,95, AGFI: 0,94, x2: 582,84, DP: 228 e x2/SD: 2,55 (p=0,000). Claramente, todos os índices de ajuste do modelo foram aceitáveis. Conclusão À luz dos resultados, a versão turca da escala Tuberculosis-Related Stigma tem validade e confiabilidade aceitáveis para uso na população turca. Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la validez y confiabilidad de la escala Tuberculosis-Related Stigma. Métodos Estudio metodológico con 263 sujetos no diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar. También se utilizó el análisis de correlación de Pearson, el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, correlación ítem total y análisis factorial de los datos del estudio. Resultados En este estudio, el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue del 0,83 para las perspectivas de la subescala de la comunidad y del 0,89 para las perspectivas de la subescala de pacientes. El RMSEA fue del 0,077, NFI: 0,91, CFI: 0,94, RMR: 0,056, SRM: 0,079, GFI: 0,95, AGFI: 0,94, x2: 582,84, DP: 228 y x2 / SD: 2,55 (p = 0,000). Claramente, todos los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron aceptables. Conclusión Conforme los resultados, la versión turca de la escala Tuberculosis-Related Stigma es confiable y posee validez aceptable para su uso en la población turca. Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish “Tuberculosis-Related Stigma Scale”. Methods This study used methodological design. This methodological study was conducted with 263 with individuals who not being diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient, item total correlation and factor analysis for the study data. Results In this study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the subscale community perspectives and .89 for the subscale patient perspectives. RMSEA was 0.077, NFI was 0.91, CFI was 0.94, RMR was 0.056, SRM was 0.079, GFI was 0.95, AGFI was 0.94, x2 was 582.84, SD was 228 and x2/SD was 2.55 (p= 0.000). Clearly, all model fit indices were acceptable. Conclusion In the light of the findings, Turkish version of Tuberculosis-Related Stigma Scale has acceptable validity and reliability for use in Turkish population.

Learning outcomes are mostly determined by students’ approaches to learning (SAL). The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is one of the most used instruments assessing SAL. Researchers from various contexts have either validated or used the SPQ. A few studies in African contexts have investigated its psychometrics properties or used it as such. However, none of them – to the best of our knowledge –stem from a French African context. The current paper fills this gap by exploring the reliability and the validity of the R-SPQ-2F (SPQ revised version) in a Congolese setting. In line with the original findings, the main scales (Deep and Surface) were found to be acceptably reliable whereas the subscales reliability was questioned. At the dimension level, the construct validity was confirmed though items-based analysis showed disappointing results. The results also revealed a positive correlation between both main scales. Findings are discussed for further investigations. ispartof: Journal of Advances in Education Research vol:3 issue:2 pages:109-120 status: published