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As reflexões propostas aqui têm a pretensão de analisar a Educação Escolar Quilombola (EEQ) no Ensino de Geografia (EG) no Ensino Fundamental II, na Escola Municipal de Tempo Integral Prof.ª Nair Duarte (EMTIPND), em Araguatins-TO. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa envolveram uma revisão bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo. A coleta de dados, ocorreu no ano de 2021 e contou com a aplicação de questionário eletrônico, via Google Forms, e análise documental da Lei 10.639/03 e da Resolução nº 8/12. Com o trabalho, foi possível verificar que, mesmo com o suporte legal visando a garantia do trabalho da Educação Escolar Quilombola nos espaços escolares, sua aplicabilidade é exígua, em consequência da ausência de políticas públicas no município e de um currículo que comtemple as especificidades da educação quilombola e de formação continuada para os professores. Constatou-se, também, que o EG na escola é frágil, considerando-se que o profissional que ministra as aulas de geografia não possui formação na área. Tais aspectos tornam as práticas pedagógicas da referida escola pouco consistente a respeito da interpretação do território quilombola no ambiente escolar

The worldwide production of microbial enzymes is generally limited by the cost of the substrate used for the cultivation of microorganisms. Thinking of a low-cost and abundant lignocellulosic substrate, coconut fiber is an alternative because it is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, presenting itself as a promising raw material for the production of an enzyme cocktail, which can be used in the production of second-generation biofuels. The objective of this work was to produce cellulolytic enzymes from microorganisms isolated from coconut fiber. In the production of the enzyme, the kinetic profile of the enzymatic complex was evaluated, analyzing the effects of moisture content, temperature, and pH during solid-state fermentation of coconut fiber, using a microorganism isolated from the bagasse itself. Statistica software was used to evaluate the enzyme complex production parameters. Statistical results indicated that the best humidity, temperature, and pH conditions were 80%, 30°C and 3, respectively, with activities of 119.93 U/g CMCase (endoglucanase) and 89.32 U/g FPase (total cellulases ) over a period of 48 h.

O objetivo da pesquisa é observar e relatar a prática do ensino de Geografia na Educação do Campo na Escola Carmencita Matos Maia no Assentamento Flor da Serra em Porto Nacional-TO. A pesquisa teórica baseou-se em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em análise e a pesquisa empírica em um trabalho de campo com a aplicação de questionamentos e de entrevistas. A partir da aplicação das entrevistas com 26 alunos procedeu a elaboração de gráficos e tabelas dos dados primários coletados. Constatou-se que a escola não atende todas as demandas e expectativas dos alunos. Observamos durante a pesquisa empírica que o cenário educacional nas escolas do meio social camponês não mudou muito do século XX para o XXI. Sabemos que é notório os problemas educacionais encontrados no meio social camponês, porém, não são difíceis de serem resolvidos, pois, basta o poder público voltar as suas atenções para resolver estas questões.

DESEMPENHO DO MINIMILHO SUBMETIDO A LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DENSIDADES DE PLANTIO NO CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE JOSÉ ROBERTO SOUZA OLIVEIRA1; MARCIO KOETZ2, EDNA MARIA BONFIM-SILVA3 E TONNY JOSÉ ARAÚJO DA SILVA 1Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis (UFR), Avenida dos Estudantes, 5055, Cidade Universitária, 78736-900, Rondonópolis, MT, Brasil. E-mail: zeroberto_1105@hotmail.com; marcio.koetz@ufr.edu.br; edna.bonfim@ufr.edu.br; tonnyjasilva@hotmail.com. 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a influência de lâminas de irrigação e densidades de plantio para a produção de minimilho. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, avaliando 5 lâminas de irrigação (40, 60, 80, 100 e 120% da Etc) e cinco densidades de plantio (8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 plantas m-1), com três repetições. Foram analisadas altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, número de folhas e área foliar, altura de inserção de primeira espiga, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento e diâmetro da espiga, teor de sólidos solúveis e eficiência do uso da água. As lâminas superiores a 98 % da ETc promoveram um incremento para a altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, altura de inserção de primeira espiga, massa seca da parte aérea, área foliar e comprimento de espiga com palha. O aumento da densidade de plantio promoveu uma redução nas características fitométricas da cultura. A eficiência do uso da água diminuiu com o aumento das lâminas e acréscimo no aumento da densidade de plantio. O plantio adensado com menor lâmina de irrigação nas condições experimentais, proporcionaram valores de comprimento e diâmetro de espigas sem palha dentro dos padrões comerciais. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L, manejo de água, população de plantas. OLIVEIRA, J. R. S.; KOETZ, M., SILVA, E. M. B.; SILVA, T. J. A. GROWTH OF THE MINIMILHO SUBMITTED TO IRRIGATION DEPTHS AND PLANTING DENSITIES IN CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation depths and planting densities for the production of baby corn. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, arranged in subdivided plots, evaluating 5 irrigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of Etc) and five planting densities (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 plants m-1), with three repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, height of first ear insertion, shoot dry matter, length and diameter of the ear, content of soluble solids and water use efficiency were analyzed. Water depths greater than 98% of ETc promoted an increase in plant height, stem diameter, height of insertion of first ear, dry mass of the aerial part, leaf area and length of ear with straw. The increase in planting density reduced the crop's phytometric characteristics. The water use efficiency decreased with increasing water depths and increasing planting density. The dense planting with lower irrigation depth in the experimental conditions provided values of length and diameter of ears without straw within the commercial standards. Keywords: Zea mays L., water management, plant populations

Há muito tempo se debate acerca do papel das cidades como reflexo de uma relação harmônica entre o consumo e a conservação da natureza, algo de difícil equação durante a história contemporânea do ser humano. Diante desse paradigma, objetivou-se analisar a implementação de objetivos da Agenda 2030, na cidade de São Cristóvão/SE, a partir de um levantamento da produção científica no Brasil e no mundo acerca das cidades sustentáveis, e dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas, além da sua relação com os indicadores municipais de desenvolvimento. Foram analisados os indicadores municipais, as LOA e LDO e um programa municipal relacionado a Educação. Quanto aos procedimentos, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Dentre os resultados, percebe-se que comparando os índices do município de São Cristóvão no período 2012/2020 com o IDEB e associando esses índices com as políticas adotadas através do ODS 4, nota-se que houve importantes avanços no período. Conclui-se que é possível contribuir com a da Agenda 2030, através de programas municipais, desde que haja um planejamento eficaz da política, aplicada aos serviços básicos para a população.

PurposeTo determine the significance of complex-valued inputs and complex-valued convolutions compared to real-valued inputs and real-valued convolutions in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for frequency and phase correction (FPC) of GABA-edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) data.MethodsAn ablation study was performed to determine the most effective input (real or complex) and convolution type (real or complex) to predict frequency and phase shifts in GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS data using CNNs. The best CNN model was subsequently compared to two recently proposed deep learning (DL) methods for FPC of GABA-edited MRS. All methods were trained using the same experimental setup and evaluated using GABA’s signal-to-noise ratio and linewidth, Choline artifact, and by analyzing the reconstructed final difference spectrum. Statistical significance and effect size were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Cohen’s d respectively.ResultsThe ablation study showed that using complex values for the input represented by real and imaginary channels in our model input tensor, with real (conventional) convolutions was most effective for FPC. For the comparative study, the simulated data test set showed that our CNN model that received complex-valued inputs with real convolutions outperformed models it was compared against with a lower mean absolute error (pConclusionOur results indicate that the optimal CNN configuration for GABA-edited MRS FPC uses a complex-valued input and real-valued convolutions. This model outperformed existing DL models on simulated data and performed similarly on in vivo data.

Youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis can present not only with characteristic attenuated psychotic symptoms but also may have other comorbid conditions, including anxiety and depression. These undifferentiated mood symptoms can overlap with the clinical presentation of youth with Distress syndromes. Increased resting-state functional connectivity within cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways has been proposed as a trait-specific biomarker for CHR. However, it is unclear whether this functional neural signature remains specific when compared to a different risk group: youth with Distress syndromes. The purpose of the present work was to describe CTC alterations that distinguish between CHR and Distressed individuals. Using machine learning algorithms, we analyzed CTC connectivity features of CHR (n = 51), Distressed (n = 41), and healthy control (n = 36) participants. We found four cerebellar (lobes VII and left Crus II anterior/posterior) and two basal ganglia (right putamen and right thalamus) nodes containing a set of specific connectivity features that distinguished between CHR, Distressed and healthy control groups. Hyperconnectivity between medial lobule VIIb, somatomotor network and middle temporal gyrus was associated with CHR status and more severe symptoms. Detailed atlas parcellation suggested that CHR individuals may have dysfunction mainly within the associative (cognitive) pathways, particularly, between those brain areas responsible for the multi-sensory signal integration.

Metabolic diseases are increasing at staggering rates globally. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ/δ) are fatty acid sensors that help mitigate imbalances between energy uptake and utilization. Herein, we report compounds derived from phenolic lipids present in cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an abundant waste byproduct, in an effort to create effective, accessible, and sustainable drugs. Derivatives of anacardic acid and cardanol were tested for PPAR activity in HEK293 cell co-transfection assays, primary hepatocytes, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that preserves users' data privacy while leveraging the entire dataset of all participants. In FL, multiple models are trained independently on the clients and aggregated centrally to update a global model in an iterative process. Although this approach is excellent at preserving privacy, FL still suffers from quality issues such as attacks or byzantine faults. Recent attempts have been made to address such quality challenges on the robust aggregation techniques for FL. However, the effectiveness of state-of-the-art (SOTA) robust FL techniques is still unclear and lacks a comprehensive study. Therefore, to better understand the current quality status and challenges of these SOTA FL techniques in the presence of attacks and faults, we perform a large-scale empirical study to investigate the SOTA FL's quality from multiple angles of attacks, simulated faults (via mutation operators), and aggregation (defense) methods. In particular, we study FL's performance on the image classification tasks and use DNNs as our model type. Furthermore, we perform our study on two generic image datasets and one real-world federated medical image dataset. We also investigate the effect of the proportion of affected clients and the dataset distribution factors on the robustness of FL. After a large-scale analysis with 496 configurations, we find that most mutators on each user have a negligible effect on the final model in the generic datasets, and only one of them is effective in the medical dataset. Furthermore, we show that model poisoning attacks are more effective than data poisoning attacks. Moreover, choosing the most robust FL aggregator depends on the attacks and datasets. Finally, we illustrate that a simple ensemble of aggregators achieves a more robust solution than any single aggregator and is the best choice in 75% of the cases., Comment: Accepted by the EMSE journal

Purpose: Based on the analysis of the behavior in financial management (BFM) of a group of doctors who graduated from the State of Bahia, we investigated the differences in behavior in personal finances based on some demographic variables. Methodology:In the population study, we used the Financial Management Behavior Scale (FMBS), plus demographic questions and scores tostratify and quantify the sample's BFM. Findings:The comparison between the BFM of the different generations was not statistically relevant, possibly pointing to the changes that have been taking place both in medical demography and society. We found a statistically significant difference between the BFM in terms of gender and when we analyzed the profile of participation in the household's income about insurance adherence. Social implications: The relativelylow total score of the BFM in the population studied is worrying and allows us to predict more alarming results for Brazilian demography. JEL Codes: D91, I22, G5, A20, C92.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful, non-invasive, quantitative imaging technique that allows for the measurement of brain metabolites that has demonstrated utility in diagnosing and characterizing a broad range of neurological diseases. Its impact, however, has been limited due to small sample sizes and methodological variability in addition to intrinsic limitations of the method itself such as its sensitivity to motion. The lack of standardization from a data acquisition and data processing perspective makes it difficult to pool multiple studies and/or conduct multisite studies that are necessary for supporting clinically relevant findings. Based on the experience of the ENIGMA MRS work group and a review of the literature, this manuscript provides an overview of the current state of MRS data harmonization. Key factors that need to be taken into consideration when conducting both retrospective and prospective studies are described. These include (1) MRS acquisition issues such as pulse sequence, RF and B0 calibrations, echo time, and SNR; (2) data processing issues such as pre-processing steps, modeling, and quantitation; and (3) biological factors such as voxel location, age, sex, and pathology. Various approaches to MRS data harmonization are then described including meta-analysis, mega-analysis, linear modeling, ComBat and artificial intelligence approaches. The goal is to provide both novice and experienced readers with the necessary knowledge for conducting MRS data harmonization studies.

Neste estudo foi avaliada a remoção de sulfametoxazol, diclofenaco e 17β-estradiol em água natural por meio da oxidação com cloro. As concentrações iniciais dos microcontaminantes, bem como o tempo após a aplicação do cloro, apresentaram diferenças significativas na remoção dos compostos de interesse. As águas naturais foram submetidas ao tratamento por clarificação seguido da pós-cloração, e os resultados revelaram que a melhor eficiência de remoção, com dosagem de cloro de 2,0 mg.L-1 foi da ordem de 58%, 54% e 67% para diclofenaco, 17β-estradiol e sulfametoxazol, respectivamente. O aumento da dose de cloro (3,0 mg.L-1), para tempo de contato de 60 min, não resultou em maior remoção dos microcontaminantes (69% para diclofenaco, 49% para 17β-estradiol e 9,4% para sulfametoxazol). A formação de subprodutos foi observada para os microcontaminantes sulfametoxazol e 17β-estradiol, e não evidenciada para o diclofenaco, o qual apresentou um dos maiores valores de remoção por meio da oxidação com o cloro. Palavras-chave: Fármacos. Cloração. Subprodutos de desinfecção. Tratamento de água.

RESUMO O presente artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado acadêmico do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Étnicas e Contemporaneidade (PPGREC/UESB), em andamento, sobre a “Atuação da rede de proteção e combate à violência intrafamiliar contra mulheres negras e não-brancas: um estudo descritivo em Vitória da Conquista – BA”. Neste recorte apresentamos uma discussão teórica sobre a evolução das leis no que se refere ao combate à violência familiar contra a mulher, especialmente a mulher negra e a influência patriarcal no modelo de sociedade brasileira, desenhada pela desigualdade, racismo, machismo, autoritarismo, misoginia e discriminação racial, que reforça a prática da violência familiar contra mulheres. Além disso, trata brevemente do percurso das leis direcionadas ao combate à violência contra a mulher e da atualização jurídica que tipificou a violência psicológica sofrida por mulheres como crime previsto no art. 147-B, do Código Penal. Para tanto, recorremos a autores como Saffioti (2011, 2001) que apresenta estudos de violência de gênero, patriarcado e violência contra mulher, Bourdieu (2002; 2001) que apresenta violência simbólica e dominação masculina e o racismo estrutural com Almeida (2019). É possível, portanto, considerar que essa morosidade jurídica é decorrente de um sistema patriarcal pulsante que coloca o direito à vida da mulher em segundo plano. Afinal, o tratamento igualitário quebraria o ciclo de dominação masculina existente, mesmo a Constituição Federal de 1988 garantindo a igualdade entre homem e mulher, sem qualquer distinção. Palavras-Chave: Sociedade patriarcal. Mulheres negras e não-brancas. Violência contra a mulher. Racismo. Abstract This article is the result of an in-depth study of society and especially the evolution of laws regarding the fight against family violence against women, especially black women. This is an excerpt from the academic master's research of the Graduate Program in Ethnic Relations and Contemporary (PPGREC/UESB) in progress, on the “Action of the network to protect and combat intra-family violence against black and non-white women: a descriptive study in Vitória da Conquista – BA”. The study presents a theoretical discussion permeating the patriarchal influence in the model of Brazilian society, designed by inequality and racial discrimination that reinforces the practice of family violence against women. It is up to the study to take a tour of the laws aimed at combating violence against women, in addition to addressing the legal update that typified psychological violence suffered by women as a crime provided for in art. 147-B, of the Criminal Code. Therefore, it was necessary to resort to authors such as Saffioti (2011, 2001) who presents studies on gender violence, patriarchy and violence against women, Bourdieu (2002; 2001) who presents symbolic violence and male domination, and structural racism with Silvio de Almeida (2019). It is possible, therefore, to consider that this legal delay is the result of a pulsating patriarchal system that places the woman's right to life in the background. After all, equal treatment would break the existing cycle of male domination, even the Federal Constitution of 1988 guaranteeing equality between men and women, without any distinction. Keywords: Patriarchal society. Black women. Violence. Racism.

The use of the Newcomb-Benford Law in assessing the quality of health and / orepidemiological information systems can allow relevant decisions to be made to improve these systems. In this context, this research aimed to carry out an assessment of the conformity of theinformation regarding the number of cases of contamination and deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil according to the Newcomb-Benford Law, from the moment of the occurrence of the first case of the disease and from the first death by COVID-19 in the country until the month of September 2020. With the aid of descriptive statistics and the use of metrics related to the Z test and themean absolute deviation it was possible to observe that, both from a national and longitudinal perspective as for the transversal-state perspective, the quantitative data referring to the cases of contamination by the coronavirus and the deaths that occurred as a result of COVID-19 did not present the expected behavior according to the Newcomb-Benford Law. Due to the lack of conformity in relation to the Newcomb-Benford Law, it is suspected that some level of conformity specific to this type of data has occurred, in the Brazilian context, since there are already studies that suggest the existence of proper levels of conformity for certain types of data.

PURPOSE To develop a deep-learning model that leverages the spatial and temporal information from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE MR) brain imaging in order to automatically estimate a vascular function (VF) for quantitative pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. METHODS Patients with glioblastoma multiforme were scanned post-resection approximately every 2 months using a high spatial and temporal resolution DCE MR imaging sequence ( ≈5 s and ≈2 cm3 ). A region over the transverse sinus was manually drawn in the dynamic T1-weighted images to provide a ground truth VF. The manual regions and their resulting VF curves were used to train a deep-learning model based on a 3D U-net architecture. The model concurrently utilized the spatial and temporal information in DCE MR images to predict the VF. In order to analyze the contribution of the spatial and temporal terms, different weighted combinations were examined. The manual and deep-learning predicted regions and VF curves were compared. RESULTS Forty-three patients were enrolled in this study and 155 DCE MR scans were processed. The 3D U-net was trained using a loss function that combined the spatial and temporal information with different weightings. The best VF curves were obtained when both spatial and temporal information were considered. The predicted VF curve was similar to the manual ground truth VF curves. CONCLUSION The use of spatial and temporal information improved VF curve prediction relative to when only the spatial information is used. The method generalized well for unseen data and can be used to automatically estimate a VF curve suitable for quantitative PK modeling. This method allows for a more efficient clinical pipeline and may improve automation of permeability mapping.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem, especially in areas with a low human development index such as the Amazon region. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and genotypes of HCV among people living with HIV (PLWH), both neglected chronic diseases in the Amazon region. From March 2016 to June 2017, 433 PWLH were attended to at two sexually transmitted infection referral centers in the city of Belém, in the Brazilian state of Pará in the Amazon region. All individuals were submitted to testing via the rapid immunochromatographic assay (RIA) for the qualitative detection of anti-HCV antibodies. Samples with anti-HCV antibodies were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and samples with HCV RNA were subjected to nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three (0.7%) PLWH had anti-HCV antibodies, and only one (0.2%) had HCV RNA (genotype 2); of these, 31 (7.1%) self-declared to have used drugs at least one time, and 12 (2.7%) regularly use injected drugs. One participant was elderly, single, heterosexual, with a history of unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners. This study detected a low prevalence of HCV infection and recorded the presence of HCV genotype 2 for the first time among PLWH in the Brazilian Amazon.

Supervised deep learning methods have shown great promise for making magnetic resonance (MR) imaging scans faster. However, these supervised deep learning models need large volumes of labelled data to learn valuable representations and produce high-fidelity MR image reconstructions. The data used to train these models are often fully-sampled raw MR data, retrospectively under-sampled to simulate different MR acquisition acceleration factors. Obtaining high-quality, fully sampled raw MR data is costly and time-consuming. In this paper, we exploit the self supervision based learning by introducing a pretext method to boost feature learning using the more commonly available under-sampled MR data. Our experiments using different deep-learning-based reconstruction models in a low data regime demonstrate that self-supervision ensures stable training and improves MR image reconstruction.

Esta investigação científica teve por objetivo propor uma modelagem matemática de otimização voltada para o apoio à tomada de decisão referente à minimização dos custos de produção da cana-de-açúcar e da cana-energia, a partir do planejamento referente à escolha das variedades de cultivares a serem plantados em determinada área de cultivo, e ainda, visando identificar dimensionamento máximo dos talhões a serem ocupados por cada uma dessas variedades, a fim a garantir: a diversificação varietal; a ocupação total da área destinada ao plantio da cana; e, atender às demandas de sacarose e fibra de empreendimentos sucroenergéticos. A partir de técnicas baseadas em problemas de programação linear, o modelo proposto foi implementado computacionalmente em três cenários distintos, com simulações de diferentes níveis de concentração varietal, e mostrou-se eficiente não só no cumprimento das suas premissas básicas, mas, também mostrou-se especialmente eficiente ao proporcionar informações capazes de permitir apurar o custo do processo de diversificação varietal propriamente dito.

Test-Driven Development (TDD) é uma prática de desenvolvimento de software que ganhou notoriedade quando Kent Beck a definiu como uma parte essencial da Extreme Programming (XP). O presente estudo analisou experimentos e conclusões de estudos, previamente publicados, em relação aos efeitos do TDD na produtividade dos desenvolvedores e na qualidade do software produzido, contrastando o TDD com o Test-Last Development (TLD). Para isto, foi conduzida uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática considerando artigos publicados entre 2003 e 2020. Ao final do processo de revisão, aproximadamente 73\% dos estudos analisados, consistiram em experimentos com TDD e em 27\% deles, o principal tema era o TDD em sua essência, detalhando-o. A análise realizada mostra que 43\% dos estudos apontaram um aumento considerável na qualidade do software, enquanto nenhum artigo apontou queda na qualidade. Em relação à produtividade, 28\% dos estudos apontaram queda na produtividade e 47\% foram inconclusivos. Via de regra, os estudos não apontaram melhorias significativas na produtividade quando o TDD foi utilizado. De acordo com a análise, o TDD promove maior qualidade, mesmo que alguns estudos apontem o contrário. Em relação à produtividade, o TDD é inconclusivo. Sendo assim, de acordo com os artigos analisados, não há uma posição final referente ao custo-benefício envolvido nesta prática, discutimos algumas possíveis razões para essa conclusão.

Considerando a relevância do setor sucroenergético para a economia brasileira, bem como a necessidade de se produzir metodologias de apoio à tomada de decisões para um segmento econômico tão relevante, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo propor um modelo matemático de otimização voltado para o planejamento de gastos a serem realizados na aquisição de agentes indutores de maturação, com vistas ao atendimento da demanda total por sacarose de empreendimentos agrícolas produtores de cana-de-açúcar, e, ainda, a escolha das melhores alternativas em relação à identificação, compra e aplicação desse tipo de agente químico. Utilizando técnicas de programação linear inteira e o método de Programação por Metas Ponderada, ou ainda, Weighted Goal Programming, em três cenários compostos por dezoito, trinta e sessenta talhões, o modelo proposto nesta investigação científica foi implementado e validado computacionalmente, produzindo um conjunto de informações gerenciais que foi além das variáveis relacionadas à produtividade e demanda de sacarose e aos valores orçamentários. Ou seja, foi possível identificar também quanto comprar de cada tipo de maturador, quanto seria gasto por tipo de maturador, e, ainda, em que talhão cada maturador deveria ser aplicado para que se atingisse a máxima produtividade de sacarose mediante a interação entre o respectivo agente químico indutor e determinada variedade de cana-de-açúcar.

Deep learning models have shown potential for reconstructing undersampled, multi-channel magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisitions. Recently proposed methods, however, have not leveraged information from prior subject-specific MR imaging sessions. Such data are often readily available through a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). We propose a flexible three-step method to incorporate this prior information into an enhanced deep-learning-based reconstruction process. The method consists of Step 1: an initial reconstruction; Step 2: registration of the previous scan to the initial reconstruction; and Step 3: an enhancement network. Training and testing used longitudinally acquired, three-dimensional, T1-weighted brain images acquired with different acquisition parameters. We tested our networks using data from $\mathbf {2808}$ images (obtained in 18 subjects) under four different acceleration factors ( $\mathbf {R=\lbrace 5,10,15,20\rbrace }$ ). Our enhanced reconstruction (Steps 1-3) produced higher-quality images: structural similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio increased, and normalized root mean squared error decreased on average by $\mathbf {16.5\%}$ , $\mathbf {7.0\%}$ and $\mathbf {21.1\%}$ , respectively, compared to the non-enhanced reconstruction (Step 1 only) under the same network capacity as the enhanced reconstruction model. These differences were statistically significant ( $\boldsymbol{p , Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Further volumetric analysis performed on key brain regions (brain, white matter, gray matter and cortex) indicated that our enhanced images had better volume agreement with the fully sampled reference images compared to the non-enhanced images. Our enhanced images for $\mathbf {R=20}$ were comparable to the non-enhanced images for $\mathbf {R=10}$ demonstrating that our proposed method can use prior scan information to further accelerate MR examinations.

The U-net is a deep-learning network model that has been used to solve a number of inverse problems. In this work, the concatenation of two-element U-nets, termed the W-net, operating in k-space (K) and image (I) domains, were evaluated for multi-channel magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction. The two-element network combinations were evaluated for the four possible image-k-space domain configurations: a) W-net II, b) W-net KK, c) W-net IK, and d) W-net KI. Selected four element (WW-nets) and six element (WWW-nets) networks were also examined. Two configurations of each network were compared: 1) each coil channel was processed independently, and 2) all channels were processed simultaneously. One hundred and eleven volumetric, T1-weighted, 12-channel coil k-space datasets were used in the experiments. Normalized root mean squared error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and visual information fidelity were used to assess the reconstructed images against the fully sampled reference images. Our results indicated that networks that operate solely in the image domain were better when independently processing individual channels of multi-channel data. Dual-domain methods were better when simultaneously reconstructing all channels of multi-channel data. In addition, the best cascade of U-nets performed better (p 0.01) than the previously published, state-of-the-art Deep Cascade and Hybrid Cascade models in three out of four experiments.

Lossy image compression allows for efficient storage and transfer of image data with varying degrees of image degradation. However, lossy compression is not commonly used in medical imaging as the process may irreversibly remove information that defines clinically important image features. The lossy component of JPEG compression is represented as lost precision in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain after quantization on $8 \times 8$ image blocks and results in degradation of the image. We propose a cross-domain cascade of U-nets called the W-net. This network operates in the DCT domain to restore discarded DCT coefficients that leverages information from adjacent blocks, and the image domain to suppress compression artifacts at the image pixel level. For comparison, we adapted the Automated Transform by Manifold Approximation (AUTOMAP) method for JPEG decompression by learning the dequantization of individual $8 \times 8$ DCT coefficient blocks. These results were then transformed to the image domain and processed by a U-net. The deep learning models were able to suppress common compression artifacts at the expense of high spatial frequency detail. Both the W-net and AUTOMAP network structures were quantitatively superior to standard JPEG decompression, with the W-net outperforming AUTOMAP, suggesting that leveraging DCT coefficients from adjacent blocks improves JPEG decompression performance.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a emergência de templates, rotinas articulatórias usadas como meio de expansão lexical, no desenvolvimento linguístico de uma criança bilíngue (sujeito B) falante do português europeu (PE) e do francês. Para tal, utilizamos o Paradigma da Complexidade (THELEN; SMITH, 1994; LARSEN-FREEMAN, 1997) por entender que o desenvolvimento linguístico se auto-organiza de maneira dinâmica, e proporciona a emergência de padrões resultantes do uso recorrente ao passar do tempo; o modelo da Gramática Radical de Construções (CROFT, 2001), para explicar como o desenvolvimento linguístico é norteado pelo léxico (construções) por meio da função comunicativa; o Modelo de Exemplares (BYBEE, 2010), para entender como esse léxico emerge, é atualizado e armazenado; e o Modelo de Fonologia Templática proposto por Vihman e colegas (VIHMAN e VELLEMAN, 2002; VIHMAN; CROFT, 2007) a fim de trazer elementos fonológicos para as construções a partir da análise de nossos dados. Assim, analisamos dados conversacionais e informações do contexto de desenvolvimento linguístico de B., durante o período de 1 a 3 anos de idade. O corpus desta pesquisa é constituído por dados observacionais e naturalísticos, coletados quinzenalmente em 40 de sessões de PE e 39 de francês, com duração de aproximadamente 30 minutos cada, transcritos e disponibilizados na plataforma CHILDES (MACWHINNEY, 2000). Após a análise de 9.919 tokens de PE e 6.470 de francês, os resultados desta pesquisa mostram que, B. produziu 5 tipos de templates durante as sessões de PE: CV.ˈCdentalV, CfrivativaVV, CV, CV.ˈCV, V; e 4 tipos de templates nas sessões de francês: CV, V, CV.'CV, CVV. Três templates foram comuns às duas línguas, demonstrando semelhança na emergência de padrões fonológicos no desenvolvimento bilíngue. Quanto à frequência, B. utilizou mais templates no francês (21 sessões) do que no PE (9 sessões), demonstrando a dominância do PE durante o período analisado, e confirmando que o uso mais sistemático e frequente de templates acontece na língua menos dominante. Em relação à influência tipológica da língua, concluímos que os templates não diferiram significativamente entre as duas línguas, embora a tipologia do PE e do francês tenham, de fato, exercido alguma influência na emergência dos padrões fonológicos. Esse fato, sob a ótica do arcabouço teórico utilizado na pesquisa, demonstra que a palavra como eixo norteador e unidade inicial do desenvolvimento linguístico, juntamente à função comunicativa, é um atrator muito mais estável do que a tipologia da língua no desenvolvimento bilíngue.

Background Identifying early biomarkers of serious mental illness (SMI)—such as changes in brain structure and function—can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. Whole brain structural and functional connectomes were investigated in youth at risk for SMI. Methods Participants were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 33), familial risk for serious mental illness (stage 0; n = 31), mild symptoms (stage 1a; n = 37), attenuated syndromes (stage 1b; n = 61), or discrete disorder (transition; n = 9) based on clinical assessments. Imaging data was collected from two sites. Graph-theory based analysis was performed on the connectivity matrix constructed from whole-brain white matter fibers derived from constrained spherical deconvolution of the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans, and from the correlations between brain regions measured with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Results Linear mixed effects analysis and analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences between groups in global or nodal metrics after correction for multiple comparisons. A follow up machine learning analysis broadly supported the findings. Several non-overlapping frontal and temporal network differences were identified in the structural and functional connectomes before corrections. Conclusions Results suggest significant brain connectome changes in youth at transdiagnostic risk may not be evident before illness onset.

Finding a clinically useful neuroimaging biomarker that can predict treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is challenging, in part because of poor reproducibility and generalizability of findings across studies. Previous work has suggested that posterior hippocampal volumes in depressed patients may be associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes. The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine further whether posterior hippocampal volumes predict remission following antidepressant treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 196 patients with MDD and 110 healthy participants were obtained as part of the first study in the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression program (CAN-BIND 1) in which patients were treated for 16 weeks with open-label medication. Hippocampal volumes were measured using both a manual segmentation protocol and FreeSurfer 6.0. Baseline hippocampal tail (Ht) volumes were significantly smaller in patients with depression compared to healthy participants. Larger baseline Ht volumes were positively associated with remission status at weeks 8 and 16. Participants who achieved early sustained remission had significantly greater Ht volumes compared to those who did not achieve remission by week 16. Ht volume is a prognostic biomarker for antidepressant treatment outcomes in patients with MDD.

Carotid-artery atherosclerosis (CA) contributes significantly to overall morbidity and mortality in ischemic stroke. We propose a machine learning technique to automatically identify subjects with CA from a heterogeneous cohort of magnetic resonance brain images. The cohort includes 190 subjects with CA, white mater hyperintensites of presumed vascular origin or multiple sclerosis, as well as 211 presumed healthy subjects. We determined a set of handcrafted and convolutional discriminant features to perform this task. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to perform this four-class classification task. Our approach had an accuracy rate of 97.5% (higher than chance accuracy of 52.6% for guessing majority class), sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 97.9% in identifying subjects with CA, suggesting that the proposed combination of features may be used as an imaging biomarker for characterizing atherosclerotic disease on brain imaging.

Descobrir o gosto musical de uma pessoa tem uma aplicação óbvia nos mecanismos de recomendaçãousados pelos provedores de serviços de música on-line. Estamos interessados em uma aplicação menosóbvia, relacionada ao ambiente de trabalho de um desenvolvedor de software. Neste trabalho em particular,comparamos dois algoritmos usados em mineração de dados como classificadores. O objetivo é compararSupport Vector Machine (SVM) e k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) como preditores do gosto musical de um usuário.Para executar o experimento, usamos um banco de dados de músicas que foram previamente classificadascom um rótulo indicando se o usuário gosta ou não de cada música. O banco de dados inclui um conjuntode características das músicas, cada classificador usa as mesmas combinações de características no processode aprendizado e, em seguida, classifica novas instâncias de músicas de acordo com o gosto previsto parao usuário. Este estudo inicial indicou que o SVM é um melhor preditor do que o k-NN para este contextoparticular. Em investigações futuras, pretendemos avaliar o usuário em um ambiente síncrono, nossa hipóteseé que pode ser possível entender mais do que o cenário de gosto / não gosto e expandir para o que o usuárioquer ouvir em um momento específico, com o qual planejamos capturar o estado emocional atual do usuário.Eventualmente, queremos correlacionar o estado emocional de um desenvolvedor de software com a propensãoa defeitos do código escrito.

Subtle changes in hippocampal volumes may occur during both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human brain. Assessing hippocampal volumes manually is a time-consuming procedure, however, creating a need for automated segmentation methods that are both fast and reliable over time. Segmentation algorithms that employ deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged as a promising solution for large longitudinal neuroimaging studies. However, for these novel algorithms to be useful in clinical studies, the accuracy and reproducibility should be established on independent datasets. Here, we evaluate the performance of a CNN-based hippocampal segmentation algorithm that was developed by Thyreau and colleagues – Hippodeep. We compared its segmentation outputs to manual segmentation and FreeSurfer 6.0 in a sample of 200 healthy participants scanned repeatedly at seven sites across Canada, as part of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression consortium. The algorithm demonstrated high levels of stability and reproducibility of volumetric measures across all time points compared to the other two techniques. Although more rigorous testing in clinical populations is necessary, this approach holds promise as a viable option for tracking volumetric changes in longitudinal neuroimaging studies.

To describe the clinical response and side effects of radiofrequency treatment in patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. This is a phase 1 clinical trial with 10 men up to 65 years of age who had urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, post void residual volume

Objective: To demonstrate the patterns of syndesmosis reconstruction in ankle fractures via the measurement of pre-established and universally accepted parameters. Methods: In a retrospective study, fractures with radiographic images obtained during the postoperative period showing fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis were selected. After this selection, fracture reduction and syndesmosis fixation were evaluated by measuring radiographic parameters in the selected cases. Results: Twenty-three patients (63.8%) were male. Fourteen fractures (38.8%) were operated on by a senior surgeon (foot and ankle specialist). All syndesmoses were fixed with only 1 screw, and 35 patients (97.2%) had syndesmosis fixation involving 3 cortices. The mean syndesmosis fixation height from the articular surface was 2.20cm. Four fractures (11.1%) presented radiographic signs of medial ligament reconstruction. Regarding measurement of the tibiofibular space, in the anteroposterior (AP) view, 33 patients (91.6%) had values within the normal range. Regarding the tibiofibular overlap, in the AP view, 19 patients (52.7%) had measurements with values greater than 10mm (normal). In the evaluation of tibiofibular overlap, in the true AP view, all patients (100%) presented measurements greater than 1mm (normal). Regarding the measurement of the talocrural angle, only 1 patient did not have normal parameters. Regarding the medial clear space, only 2 patients (5.5%) had values above normal during the postoperative period. Conclusion: The adoption of objective parameters, in a standardized manner and relative to the contralateral side, adds additional value to the evaluation and ensures an accessible and reproducible method for the evaluation of these injuries. Level of Evidence II; Prognostics Studies; Retrospective Study.

To achieve a better understanding of the formation and evolution of the near-Earth objects (NEO) population, it is important to know the physical properties for a large sample of its members. Moreover, these properties are of upmost relevance in the case of objects that have a chance of hitting Earth. Photometric data for 60 NEO were obtained between 2012 and 2016 with the 1-m telescope of Observatorio Astronomico do Sertao de Itaparica (OASI). The data were used to derive the rotational period, the spin direction, and an estimate of the shape of the observed asteroids. The rotational period was determined using a Fourier series analysis while the spin direction and the shape model were derived from a lightcurve inversion method. A reliable rotational period was derived for 42 NEOs, with values varying from 6 min up to 17 h and with lightcurve amplitudes between 0.1 and 1.85 mag. An indication for the period was obtained for other 16 objects while for 9 objects we derived the spin direction and the shape model. Our results are compared with those from the literature and show that some objects rotate quite fast for their size and that there is a tendency for retrograde rotation among the NEOs population.

Orientador: Eduardo Candido Xavier Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação Resumo: Nesta dissertação estudamos algoritmos para resolver problemas de escalonamento de tarefas em grades computacionais. Dado um conjunto de tarefas submetidas a uma grade computacional, deve-se definir em quais recursos essas tarefas serão executadas. Algoritmos de escalonamento são empregados com o objetivo de minimizar o tempo necessário para executar todas as tarefas (makespan) que foram submetidas. Nosso foco é estudar os atuais algoritmos de escalonamento usados em grades computacionais e comparar estes algoritmos. Nesta dissertação apresentamos algoritmos onlines, aproximados e heurísticas para o problema. Como resultados novos, provamos fatores de aproximação para o algoritmo RR quando utilizado para resolver os problemas R; sit|Tj|Cmax, R; sit|Tj|TPCC, R; sit|Tj = L| Cmax e R; sit|Tj = L|TPCC é justo. Por fim, definimos uma interface que adiciona replicação de tarefas a qualquer algoritmo de escalonamento, onde nós mostramos a aproximação desta interface, e apresentamos uma comparação via simulação dos algoritmos sem e com replicação. Nossas simulações mostram que, com a utilização de replicação, houve a redução no makespan de até 80% para o algoritmo Min-min. Nas nossas análises também fazemos uso da métrica RTPCC que calcula exatamente a quantidade de instruções que foram usadas para executar todas as tarefas Abstract: In this dissertation, we studied algorithms to solve task scheduling problems in computational grids. Given a task set that was submitted to a computational grid, the problem is to define in which resources these tasks will be executed and the order they will be executed. Scheduling algorithms are used in order to minimize the time required to execute all tasks (makespan). We studied the most recent scheduling algorithms proposed to be used in computational grids, and then compare them using simulations. In this dissertation we also present approximate algorithms and new heuristics for the problem. As new results, we proved approximation factors to the RR algorithm when applied to solve the problems R; sit|Tj|Cmax, R; sit|Tj|TPCC, R; sit|Tj = L| Cmax and R; sit|Tj = L|TPCC. Finally, we defined an interface that adds task replication capability to any scheduling algorithm. We then show approximation results for algorithms using this interface, and present a comparison of well know algorithms with and without replication. This comparison is done via simulation. Our simulations show that, with replication, there was up to 80% of reduction in the makespan to some algorithms like the Min-min Mestrado Teoria da Computação Mestre em Ciência da Computação

The impact of HIV co-infection on the plasma immunological biomarker profile of HTLV-1 infected patients was evaluated. The plasma levels of leukotrienes and chemokines/cytokines were quantified by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array. A total of 138 volunteers were enrolled and divided into two subgroups ("HTLV-1(+)HIV(-)" and "HTLV-1(+)(HIV(+)"), which were categorized according to the HTLV-1-associated neurological disease (AS, pHAM and HAM). Reference controls were BD and HIV mono-infected patients. HAM(+) exhibited higher CD4+ T-cell counts as compared to HIV+ mono-infected patients and lower HTLV-1 proviral load as compared to mono-infected HAM(-) patients. AS(+) exhibited higher levels of CysLT, CXCL8/IL-8 and lower levels of CCL5/RANTES as compared to AS(-). Increased levels of IL-6 and TNF with reduced levels of CXCL10/IP10 and CCL5/RANTES were observed in co-infected pHAM(+) as compared to mono-infected pHAM(-). HAM(+) patients revealed an increase in CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL-10/IP-10, TNF and a decrease in IL-2 as compared to HAM(-) subgroup.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest from the public authorities for external assessments in the literacy cycle, which makes them central to the debate on school quality at this stage of teaching. On the other hand, these assessments have little power to influence decision-making within schools, frustrating, in part, what appears to be the interest of the bodies responsible for these. Against this background, this article analyzes some of the possible reasons why the results of the literacy cycle assessments are seldom used for school improvement. In addition, it discusses the possible contributions of institutional self-assessment within the literacy cycle. It finds that external assessments should be problematized just as they happen, because they unilaterally produce opinions regarding the quality of the assessments, and, in case schools do not develop their own assessments, they may be victimized by these opinions.

BackgroundAdults with significant childhood trauma and/or serious mental illness may exhibit persistent structural brain changes within limbic structures, including the amygdala. Little is known about the structure of the amygdala prior to the onset of SMI, despite the relatively high prevalence of trauma in at-risk youth.MethodsData were gathered from the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study. A total of 182 youth with a mean age of 18.3 years completed T1-weighted MRI scans along with clinical assessments that included questionnaires on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants also completed the Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale. We used a novel subfield-specific amygdala segmentation workflow as a part of FreeSurfer 6.0 to examine amygdala structure.ResultsParticipants with higher trauma scores were more likely to have smaller amygdala volumes, particularly within the basal regions. Among various types of childhood trauma, sexual and physical abuse had the largest effects on amygdala subregions. Abuse-related differences in the right basal region mediated the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, even though no participants met criteria for clinical diagnosis at the time of assessment.ConclusionThe experience of physical or sexual abuse may leave detectable structural alterations in key regions of the amygdala, potentially mediating the risk of psychopathology in trauma-exposed youth.

In patients with Mansoni schistosomiasis, it is fundamental to evaluate the disease morbidity, which is reflected by the severity of periportal fibrosis (PPF) and parameters of portal hypertension, as analyzed by ultrasonography (US). This study aimed to evaluate the morbidity of schistosomiasis by hepatic and splenic point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) and relate this to US parameters. The PPF pattern, the diameter of the portal and splenic veins and the size of the spleen were evaluated by US. Then, liver and spleen pSWEs were assessed in 74 patients using the same equipment. As the PPF pattern progressed, the splenic pSWE values significantly increased. Significant correlations between splenic pSWE, the longitudinal and transverse lengths of the spleen and the diameters of the portal and splenic veins were observed. These findings, however, were not observed through hepatic pSWE. In conclusion, the splenic pSWE has the potential for assessing morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni.

The conceptions about the origins of mountains, faults, folds or relief are very different if we compare didactic books of Geog-raphy published before and after the elaboration of Plates Tectonics theory. In this article, it was analyzed didactic books from first grade education, which is currently equivalent to the 6th grade of Elementary School 2, published between 1933 until 1961. Obviously, within this article, Plate tectonics theory had not yet been elaborated. However, the academic world was already fa-miliar with the Continental Drift theory, an innovative proposal elaborated at the beginning of the 20th century by German sci-entist Alfred Wegener (1880-1930). According to Wegener, the continents were together millions of years ago, forming a single great mass, called by him of "Pangea". Considering that the books analyzed were published between 1933 and 1961, such works could be expected to contemplate and explain the continental drift theory. However, it was not what it was observed. In addition, the formation of mountains, folds, faults or relief had very different conceptions of what today's students learn.