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Hindus and Muslims have coexisted harmoniously when Islam became the predominant religion in Kashmir since 13th century. The Sufi-Islamic way of life of Kashmiri Muslims and the Rishi tradition of Kashmiri Hindus coexisted and complemented one another, forming a separate ethnic group in which both have some common customs. In Kashmir, the customs surrounding marriage are intriguing. The major events that occur in marriage are the same. It is evident that there are numerous similarities between the rites of Kashmir's Muslims and Hindus, such as the special significance of salt and walnuts and the use of mehendi dye. Both faiths have the Laganchir, Phirsal, Gulmuith, the attire and titles of the Maharaz and Maharein, among other things, in addition to the use of Mehendidye. The goal of the current study is to investigate the historical backdrop of the marriage system used by Muslims and Kashmiri gurus. However, the article's main focus has been on how marriage customs have evolved over time.

Background. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018 to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information sources regarding toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Malakand region, the northwestern part of Pakistan. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018. Methods. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the women after taking verbal informed consent. Graphpad version 5 was used to indicate the differences. Significant was considered as a P -value of less than 0.05. This study revealed poor knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. Results. Overall, 31.2% of the respondents showed good knowledge, and 39.2% showed moderate knowledge. On the other hand, 29.5% of the participants showed poor knowledge about toxoplasmosis. The average knowledge score of pregnant women was 79 ± 12.2 , which is considered to be within the scale of good knowledge. Number of children within the pregnant multipara women was significantly associated with knowledge about toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women who measured in number of childbirths within a women showed the highest mean score of 42.3 ± 13.3 with 57 (44.8%) displaying a good knowledge level. Pregnant women with more than one child had significantly higher (

Abstract "Unforgettable Women of History in India: Untold Stories of Bravery, Resilience, and Empowerment" is a book that showcases the remarkable stories of women who have made significant contributions to Indian history. Through a collection of narratives, it presents the struggles and achievements of women from diverse backgrounds who have defied societal norms and expectations to pursue their goals and fight for their rights and the rights of others. This paper provides an overview of the book, highlighting its key themes and contributions to our understanding of the role of women in Indian history. Women have played a significant role in shaping Indian history, yet their stories are often overlooked or overshadowed. This research paper explores the lives of some of the unforgettable women in Indian history, who have shown exceptional bravery, resilience, and empowerment. Through a comprehensive analysis of their lives and accomplishments, this paper aims to shed light on the contribution of these women to India's rich and diverse cultural heritage. The research paper also examines the societal and cultural contexts in which these women lived and operated, highlighting the challenges and barriers they faced and overcame.

Our study examines the wages of artisans and labourers during the medieval period of India with special reference to 17th-18th century Western Rajasthan. During the study period, the artisans were paid in the form of naqd (cash), jinsi (kind), and hawalgi (advance). The study under review also reveals the value of currency. Our research compares the purchasing power of wages by showing the prices of basic commodities.

This empirical study investigates the factors that affect consumer behavior in the fast-food industry. The research examines the role of various factors, including quality of food, price, convenience, location, and brand image, in determining the behavior of consumers when purchasing fast food. The study uses a quantitative research approach to gather data from a sample of 500 respondents using an online survey. The results suggest that quality of food and price are the most significant factors influencing consumer behavior in the fast-food industry. However, convenience, location, and brand image also play a significant role in determining consumer behavior.

Climate change is a global crisis that has a direct impact on human health. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns are affecting the health of individuals, communities, and ecosystems worldwide. To address this challenge, a protocol and strategies have been identified that aim to mitigate the impact of climate change on health. The main protocol involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of cleaner and renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and sustainable transport. Other strategies include enhancing public awareness, building climate-resilient communities, promoting sustainable agriculture, and improving health systems' preparedness for climate-related emergencies. Implementation of these measures can help reduce the risk of climate-related health problems such as heat stress, respiratory illnesses, and vector-borne diseases. The protocol and strategies identified provide a roadmap for governments, organizations, and individuals to take action against climate change and protect the health of the planet and its inhabitants.

In the context of Pakistan, this research examines circular debt and energy usage effects on per capita income. It uses quarterly data from 2005 to 2020 and an autoregressive distributed lag model to look at the link over the short- and long-term. According to the empirical study, whereas circular debt has a long-term significant negative association with per capita income, it has a significant positive link with per capita income in the short term. This demonstrates how using power contributes to economic expansion. Additionally, a rise in circular debt reduces per capita income in the near term, but the long-term convergence of the system to equilibrium is confirmed by the error correction term's considerable negative value. In addition, study shows that consistent provision of electricity with the help of new technologically advanced electricity plants would help in attaining high economic growth.

In recent years, the increasing awareness of environmental concerns and its effect on public consciousness has become one of the most noticeable trends on a global level. Environmental degradation is a major threat to the life of society in the current days. The global community's unfulfilled promise of a society in which every woman enjoys complete gender equality, as well as the eradication of all legal, social, and economic obstacles to women empowerment, persists. Education disadvantages result into a lack of access to skills and opportunities in many areas of growth and development. Gender inequality is a basic human right regardless of where you live. Women comprise the largest proportion of the impoverished are the most vulnerable and disadvantaged group. This community depends more on natural resources, but has less access to them. In fact, they often face a significant burden for procuring food, water, and fuel. These areas are mostly threatened by climate change. In Kashmir women is consider as agent beyond these disasters. Hence an attempt has been made to emphasis the aura of Kashmir Valley and women as agent of change.

Most people consider Jammu and Kashmir to be heaven on earth. If there is heaven on earth, it is this, this, and this, according to the Farsi couplet (Amir Khusrau). The couplet encouraged numerous kings to exercise control over Kashmir. In the metrical chronicle known as Rajatarangni, dynasties in ancient Kashmir that dated from the time of the Mahabartha epic to the reign of Sangrama Deva are vividly portrayed. Of all the kings of ancient Kashmir, Avantivarman, who established the Utpalas dynasty in 1855 A.D., was the most magnificent. He didn't start any battles, not even to retake the areas that his forefathers had recently lost. In terms of prosperity, he ruled during the rippling times of peace and plenty, which coincided with Kashmir reaching its pinnacle around a quarter of a century into his rule. The people had never been happier than they were in his day, nor had they been for generations. Therefore, Avantivarman rule represents a very wonderful era in Kashmir's history. A new period in that nation's history began with Avantivarman taking control of events in the valley. His rule not only provided respite to Kashmir's suffering people, but it also significantly restored the Karkota's former luster, as will be seen. Avantivarman, a descendant of the Kalyapala family and the grandson of Utpalas, who had played a crucial role in the final years of the Karkota monarchy, was previously mentioned. Avantivarman has the traits of intellect and heart that allow him to be recognised as one of the valley's most capable kings, while not being by any means a member of some aristocratic and distinguished family. The study's goal is to explain and analyze Avantivarman legacy and reign during the Utpalas Dynasty in Jammu and Kashmir. It also highlights his contributions during his time in power there.

This study aims to examine the availability of literature on “Continuous Professional Development” (CPD) related to the Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals from 2002 to 2021 in the Web of Science (WoS) database. A comprehensive search strategy coupled with filters was devised to extract relevant data from the database. It led to the retrieval of 345 documents. This was followed by “abstract screening analysis” to achieve the highest level of desired “content relevancy”. Finally, 268 documents were selected and saved in the marked list for further analysis. Data analysis and network visualisation were performed using the R bibliometric package and VOSviewer respectively. The study analysed various parameters such as: publication and citation trends; prolific authors, sources and countries; highly cited articles and nature of authorship and collaboration pattern; the most frequently used keywords; and the citation analysis pattern of authors, articles and sources.

In this manuscript, the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdV-Burgers) partial differential equation (PDE) is investigated under nonlocal operators with the Mittag-Leffler kernel and the exponential decay kernel. For both fractional operators, the existence of the solution of the KdV-Burgers PDE is demonstrated through fixed point theorems of $ \alpha $-type $ \digamma $ contraction. The modified double Laplace transform is utilized to compute a series solution that leads to the exact values when fractional order equals unity. The effectiveness and reliability of the suggested approach are verified and confirmed by comparing the series outcomes to the exact values. Moreover, the series solution is demonstrated through graphs for a few fractional orders. Lastly, a comparison between the results of the two fractional operators is studied through numerical data and diagrams. The results show how consistently accurate the method is and how broadly applicable it is to fractional nonlinear evolution equations.

Aims: Conversion of land from forest to cropping has a serious effect on soil phosphorus and its fractions Results: Land use is now widely understood to be a primary factor in environmental change across all time and space scales. The purpose of this research was to ascertain how different land uses affected the concentration of phosphorus in soil. Soil phosphorus (P) reserves are depleted when land is converted from natural vegetation to permanent agricultural cropping. The transformation of North-Western Himalayas from a forest-dominated to a grassland-dominated ecosystem is just one example of the diversity of land significantly less soil aggregation occurred when agricultural land was cleared of its native vegetation. Total organic carbon in soils was reduced when grassland was converted to cropland. Reduced total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations by 62-79% and organic phosphorus (Po) concentrations by 47-53%. Even though, the total silt+clay fraction's contribution was negligible, it contained a significant amount of C and Po reserves and the C/Po ratio has been holding fairly steady, they have proven to be more robust. This impact of cropping on soil P reserves has been demonstrated in research, but changing land use practices can alleviate these problems significantly.

The scientific study of the soil started almost 70-80 years ago with two school of thoughts, one worked in the lab and others in field. The main aim of the researchers studying in the field was to determine the profiles of soil along with its horizons so as to extent the knowledge on physical, chemical and biological properties. The distinctness of soil with depth means that soil has unique profile. All the soils in the world has some specific depth functions. The change of soil color or soil texture in a soil profile can be considered a good indicator of the soil formation and process and has been used as a proxy for degree of development or soil age. Uniform, gradational and rapidly changing soil textures are examples of soil profile forms used for soil classification. In the current study we studied twelve profiles having four different land uses and observed several horizons having various boundaries. The upper horizons were having diffused and wavy boundaries than the lower horizons. There was seen a clear relationship between the horizons and the various land uses. The study is very important as the soils in Himalayas are not very well developed and are prone to erosion. The study will help researchers and policy makers.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the research output on “library and information science” (LIS) research domain in South Africa. It also highlights the top LIS research organisations, authors, journals, collaboration types and commonly used keywords. This research will aid in the identification of emerging concepts, trends and advances in this subject. Design/methodology/approach The Web of Science (WoS), an indexing and abstracting database, served as a tool for bibliographical data. By applying advanced search features, the authors curated data from 1989 to 2021 through the WoS subject category WC = (Information Science & Library Science), limiting the scope to the region, CU = (South Africa), which resulted in 1,034 articles. Moreover, the research focuses on science mapping using the R package for reliable analysis. Findings The findings reveal that the publications have considerably grown over time, indicating significant attention among researchers in LIS. The findings indicate the critical operator’s performance, existing thematic choices and subsequent research opportunities. The primary topical fields of study that emerged from the bibliometric analysis are impact, information, science, model, management, technology, knowledge and education. Pouris and Fourie are the most productive citations, h-index and g-index. The influential institute was The University of Pretoria. Research limitations/implications The use of the WoS database for data collecting limits this study. Because the WoS was the only citation and abstract database used in this study, bibliometric investigations using other citation and abstract databases like “Scopus”, “Google Scholar” and “Dimension” could be interesting. This study presented a bibliometric summary; nevertheless, a systematic and methodical examination of highly cited LIS research publications could throw more light on the subject. Practical implications This paper gives valuable information about recent scientific advancements in the LIS and emerging future academic subject prospects. Furthermore, this research work will serve as a reference for researchers in various areas to analyse the evolution of scholarly literature on a particular topic over time. Originality/value By identifying the standard channels of study in the LIS discipline, and the essential journals, publications, nations, institutions, authors, data sources and networks in this subject, this bibliometric mapping and visualisation provide new perspectives into academic performance. This paper also articulates future research directions in this realm of knowledge. This study is more rigorous and comprehensive in terms of the analytical procedures it uses.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and drug resistance of Escherichia coli present in urinary tract infected patients and hospital drinking water. A total of eighty urine samples from clinically suspected patients and thirty tap water samples from hospital vicinity were collected and analyzed for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were preliminary identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical test and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using uidA primer. Isolates were subjected to antibiogram studies and analyzed for the presence of drug resistance (ESBL blaCTX-M-15, tetA, and TMP-SMX dfrA1) and pathogenicity associated pyelonephritis-associated pili (PAP) and Heat-labile (LT) toxin genes. Urine samples 19/80 (23.75%) and water samples 8/30 (26.7%) were found contaminated with E. coli. It was found that 12/19 (63%) bacterial isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in clinical and 6/8 (75%) in water isolates whereas tetracycline resistance in clinical and water isolates was 11/19 (58%) and 6/8 (75%), respectively. The trimethoprim resistance gene was confirmed in 12/19 (63%) in clinical and 2/8 (25%) in water isolates. All the clinical and water isolates were found carrying pili PAP gene. It was concluded that the presence of drug resistant and pathogenic E. coli in clinical and water samples is extremely alarming for public health due to cross contamination and bacterial transfer from clinical samples to water and vice versa.

Deep learning for image retrieval has been used in this era, but image retrieval with the highest accuracy is the biggest challenge, which still lacks auto-correlation for feature extraction and description. In this paper, a novel deep learning technique for achieving highly accurate results for image retrieval is proposed, which implements a convolutional neural network with auto-correlation, gradient computation, scaling, filter, and localization coupled with state-of-the-art content-based image retrieval methods. For this purpose, novel image features are fused with signatures produced by the VGG-16. In the initial step, images from rectangular neighboring key points are auto-correlated. The image smoothing is achieved by computing intensities according to the local gradient. The result of Gaussian approximation with the lowest scale and suppression is adjusted by the by-box filter with the standard deviation adjusted to the lowest scale. The parameterized images are smoothed at different scales at various levels to achieve high accuracy. The principal component analysis has been used to reduce feature vectors and combine them with the VGG features. These features are integrated with the spatial color coordinates to represent color channels. This experimentation has been performed on Cifar-100, Cifar-10, Tropical fruits, 17 Flowers, Oxford, and Corel-1000 datasets. This study has achieved an extraordinary result for the Cifar-10 and Cifar-100 datasets. Similarly, the results of the study have shown efficient results for texture datasets of 17 Flowers and Tropical fruits. Moreover, when compared to state-of-the-art approaches, this research produced outstanding results for the Corel-1000 dataset.

The study was carried out in two intermediate zones of Jammu and Kashmir to identify both farm specific and socio-economic factors that influence the technical efficiency (TE) and also to analyze the economic (EE)and allocative efficiency (AE) of wheat growing farmers to assess the level of possibilities to gain the desired level of productivity by improving all three types of efficiencies(TE, AE and EE)by estimating Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Production Function and Stochastic Profit Function. The study revealedthat how different cost components affect the profitability of production of wheat crop and also proposes that at how much level of efficiency, the farmer is producing the wheat crop and how much level of efficiency is yet to be obtained. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic production function revealed that fertilizer and farmyard manure showed a negative and significant effect on wheat production. The coefficients of the frontier profit function revealed thatall input shows a negative and significant impact on wheat farmer profitability. Socio-economic factors show positive and significant relation with technical efficiency except cultivated area. The mean technical, economic and allocative efficiencyof farm households was found out to be 86 per cent, 71 per cent, and 83 per cent indicated that there is still scope for wheat growers to increase all the three efficiencies by operating at a full efficient level by proper utilization and allocation of existing resources and technology. This study provides crucial information for the farmers and also to the government about to formulate effective policy measures for attaining the sustainability of wheat crop in rainfed hilly areas of Jammu division.

In spite of the insight commonality may have concerning agrarian practice, fact is that nowadays agricultural science diligence is accurate, precise, data-driven, and vigorous than ever. The emanation of the technologies based on Internet of Things (IoT) has reformed nearly each industry like smart city, smart health, smart grid, smart home, including “smart agriculture or precision agriculture”. Applying machine learning using the IoT data analytics in agricultural sector will rise new benefits to increase the quantity and quality of production from the crop fields to meet the increasing food demand. Such world-shattering advancements are rocking the current agrarian approaches and generating novel and best chances besides a number of limitations. This paper climaxes the power and capability of computing techniques including internet of things, wireless sensor networks, data analytics and machine learning in agriculture. The paper proposed the prediction model of Apple disease in the apple orchards of Kashmir valley using data analytics and Machine learning in IoT system. Furthermore, a local survey was conducted to know from the farmers about the trending technologies and their effect in precision agriculture. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges faced when incorporating these technologies in the traditional farming approaches.

Hospitality industry especially hotels consume a good amount of natural resources and results in wastegeneration. Hotel Industry is considered as main customer oriented industry, were there is huge consumptionof energy resources. As we know that limited availability of energy resources on planet earth has made itessential feature of every industry and hospitality industry is not untouched to go for energy conservation.To contribute effectively, hotels have started exercising green practices which include reusing linen practices,natural temperature control techniques, 3R’s principle and many more. There is huge significance ofenvironment related issues that continues to rise in hotel industry because of increased knowledge aboutenvironmental issues. Keeping this information in mind, the current study stresses on exploring the ecofriendlycustomer engagement practices with respect to hotel location, hotel design exercised in hotels ofGulmarg, Kashmir as well as its impact on repurchase intention of services in hotels. A checklist wasdeveloped to receive data from the hotel managers/ supervisors. The outcome specified that someenvironmental friendly practices like plantation drives, walking through the wilderness, waste watermanagement tools, linen reuse, horse ridding as means of transportation, trekking through the green forests,use of natural light and installation of well designed ventilation and LED lighting etc are mostly exercisedpractices in the hotels of Gulmarg, Kashmir. The study revealed that eco friendly customer engagementpractices involve customers effectively and leaves an ever lasting impression on the customer and attractsthem again towards the destination.

Building differential dynamical systems to describe the changing relationship among chemical components is a vital aspect in chemistry. In this present manuscript, we put forward a new fractional-order delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model. By virtue of contraction mapping principle, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solution of fractional-order delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model. With the aid of mathematical analysis technique, we consider the non-negativeness of the solution of the fractional-order delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model. Making use of the theory of fractional-order dynamical system, we explore the stability and Hopf bifurcation issue of the fractional-order delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model. By designing a reasonable controller, we have availably controlled the time of emergence of Hopf bifurcation of the fractional-order delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model. A sufficient criterion guaranteeing the stability and the onset of Hopf bifurcation of the fractional-order controlled delayed Brusselator chemical reaction model is set up. Computer simulations are implemented to validate the theoretical findings. The derived fruits of this manuscript have great theoretical significance in controlling the concentrations of chemical substances.

Marcus Garvey, a proponent of Black Nationalism in the US, compared a people without knowledge of their past to a tree without roots. This fascination led me to traverse over the traditional canon of Kashmir, as well as Jammu and other Chak Dynasty territories. As Jammu and Kashmir residents, we can't ignore a region's history. My script on the issue is an effort to explain the legacy of Chak dynasty in the state to be sound about the history of Kashmir, frequently said as; 'Ocean in a pot' History never says 'goodbye,' only ‘see you later.' History studies progress, but humanity also regresses. Prehistory is before written records. It includes past events, their recall, discovery, collection, organisation, presentation, and interpretation. Locals call Jammu & Kashmir "heaven on earth." According to the Farsi couplet, heaven is.. (Amir Khusrau). The couplet sparked a power grab in Kashmir. Kashmir originally fell under Muslim dominion in 1339 AD. There was no bloodshed when Muslims overthrew Hindus. Chak governed Kashmir after Shah Mir. Chaks' native origins are unknown. Dards founded Kashmir. Chak reigned 1561-1586. Rulers monitored the state's economy and borders. Without administration treaties in Chaks, it's hard to get the administrative structure. With a few minor exceptions, the Chaks' administration remained identical. Thus, institutions were kept and strengthened till chak. Research focused on the Chak dynasty's legacy and dominance over Kashmir.

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is revered as a hero for his role in advancing equality. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar was an instrumental figure in the formation of our nation's constitution and was one of the principal authors of it. He made it illegal to discriminate against those who were considered to be of a lower caste or to be untouchable, and he worked toward establishing equality among the citizens of our nation. He stated that he had faith in a community that could support the ideals of friendship, equality, and fraternity. However, in the early days of our nation, a man who had done so much for our country had been subjected to numerous cruelties because of his caste. Dr. Bhimrao Babasaheb Ramji Ambedkar was a renegade who challenged the social order in which the contradiction of caste and class had been apparent for years. His egalitarian philosophy was "one man, one value," and it was based on the belief that everyone should be treated equally. Dr. Ambedkar worked hard to change the pre-existing social order based on caste and class, and he strove to plant the seed of social justice. He accomplished this by lobbying for a wide range of causes, including the plight of the caste system and untouchability, human rights, labour rights, women's rights, and, most crucially, Indian politics. Because he was born into a mahar family in the state of Maharashtra, he was subjected to the humiliations and discrimination that came with being an untouchable. According to B. R. Ambedkar, social justice is a method for constructing an ideal society or a society that is just. According to him, a just society is one that does not practise caste, is founded on the ideals of social justice, and incorporates all three of the following elements: liberty, equality, and fraternity. Ambedkar's vision for the perfect society is underpinned by a commitment to a pair of core values. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the concept of social justice that was conceived of by B.R. Ambedkar, who was the architect of the Indian constitution.

Fractal fractional operators in Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio sense are being used in this manuscript to explore the interaction between the immune system and cancer cells. The tumour-immune model has been investigated numerically and theoretically by the singular and non-singular fractal fractional operators. Via fixed point theorems, the existence and uniqueness of the model under the Caputo fractal fractional operator have been demonstrated. Using the fixed point theory, the existence of a unique solution has been derived under the Caputo-Fabrizio case. Through nonlinear analysis, the Ulam-Hyres stability of the model has been derived. For the singular and nonsingular fractal fractional operators, numerical results have been developed by Lagrangian-piece wise interpolation. We simulate the numerical results for the various sets of fractional and fractal orders to describe the relationship between immune and cancer cells under the novel operators with two different kernels. We compared the dynamics of the tumor-immune model using a power law and an exponential-decay kernel to explore that the nonsingular fractal fractional operator provides better dynamics for the considered model.

Russian language went into a decline during the 1990s when Central Asian Republics (CARs) simultaneously embarked on the process of nation and state building along with economic transition. The CARs desired to diversify their political and economic relations and to lessen their dependence on Russian Federation during their early transition period. Due to its own economic and political problems associated with its transition, Russia could not pay full attention to its former Soviet states during the immediate post-Soviet period. However, due to the Tsarist and particularly Soviet legacies, the economic connectivity and interdependence of former Soviet states on Russian Federation proved long lasting. The revival of Russian language in former Soviet Central Asian Republics is mainly due to the theory of Economics of Language which explores mutual effects of language and economic variables. It says that fluency and command over a dominant language i.e., a language of science and technology and trade provides more dividends. The CARs are still heavily dependent on trade and remittances of their nationals working in Russia. A large number of workers from the countries of Central Asia work in the Russian Federation. Their remittances contribute immensely to the Gross Domestic Product (GDPs) of these countries. The CARs re-started promoting Russian language in their countries due to a significant role of this language in their economies and economic relations with Russia. Since 2000, the Russian economic revival has naturally strengthened its political and economic role in the former Soviet space which also includes Central Asia. Consequently, the Russian language also received fresh emphasis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which mainly affects small joints, occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults, and can be fatal in severe cases. The exact etiology of RA remains unknown. However, uncontrolled expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.In the current study, we assessed the potential of serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-8, and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5 as early predictive markers for RA.In addition to clinical examination, blood samples were collected from 100 Saudi patients recently diagnosed with early RA for basic and serological tests, including rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Sera of 32 healthy individuals were used as controls. Specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and CCL5 levels in the samples.Our results indicated that RF, CRP, and ESR levels were higher in RA patients compared to controls. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5, but not TNF-α, significantly increased in RA patients compared to controls.Overall, the findings suggested that IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5 can be used as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RA.

This study presents a novel numerical method to solve PDEs with the fractional Caputo operator. In this method, we apply the Newton interpolation numerical scheme in Laplace space, and then, the solution is returned to real space through the inverse Laplace transform. The Newton polynomial provides good results as compared to the Lagrangian polynomial, which is used to construct the Adams–Bashforth method. This procedure is used to solve fractional Buckmaster and diffusion equations. Finally, a few numerical simulations are presented, ensuring that this strategy is highly stable and quickly converges to an exact solution.

The Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) had been an interesting and attractive topic for scholars and researchers from the beginning of this chapter and is still, as was in previous times. It is considered the authentic history of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) which reached to us and the reason for its authenticity is that Qur’an has described a number of events of the Prophet’s life in detail. Moreover, the authenticity of this piece of history is that it has been saved and protected by the companions of Prophets and transferred to the next generations, which is preserved in the form of Hadith. The Islamic scholars and historians have described and discussed the life of Prophet (S.A.W) while using different approaches. We have a number of Seerah Books in which the life of the prophet has been described comprehensively in detail. In this study the researchers have used the book "Al Seerah al Nabwiah fi zo al Masadar al Asliah Darast al Tahliaha" and have discussed the approach and methodology of the Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad in the book. Keywords: Seerah, Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, original sources, seerah approaches.

In this study, the effect of chemical modifications such as oxidation, esterification and crosslinking was investigated alone and in combination with microwave irradiation on a non-conventional starch with 76% starch yield acquired from the trunk of matured talipot palm. The single- and dual-modifications imparted significant changes in the morphological, crystalline, pasting and rheological properties and digestibility of talipot starch. Characteristic peaks were observed in single- and dual-oxidized, esterified and crosslinked starches indicating their respective functional groups. All modifications significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the relative crystallinity (RC) of talipot starches except for crosslinking, and the least RC (11.33%) was observed in microwave irradiated esterified starch. Microwave irradiation prior to chemical modifications showed a significant impact in the swelling and solubility of talipot starches. The decreased setback viscosity and increased light transmittance in single- and dual-microwave irradiated talipot starches showed their lowered retrogradation tendency, suitable for frozen foods. The resistant starch (RS) content was majorly improved in all heterogeneously dual modified talipot starches by incorporating more functional groups owed to structural and crystalline destruction in starch granules upon microwave irradiation. The highest RS content (45.02%) was observed in microwave irradiated esterified uncooked talipot starch.

Allah has created so many personalities in every era who took the responsibility to lead the Muslim Ummah wholeheartedly. Allama Ghulam saeedi is one of them. Whose all writings are consist of scientific discussions and they are according to the principles of latest and modern research. It becomes very clear from the pattern and style of Naimat ul Bari fi Sharhe Sahih Bukhari that his writing is not only comprehensible and very simple but also holds lot of scientific topics between the lines. It is the quality of his style that he presents lot of arguments on every topic before the reader that the reader finds no doubt and further quest and inquiry of any type. He has adopted a researching style. His described references are so complete and accurate that a reader can get very easy access to their origins. The abundance of references used by him reveals his vast study and keen interest in study the origins. It is his specialty to keep an eye on originalsand read between the lines. This thing defines the place of a researcher in the literary world. His references are in abundance, verified and trustworthy which covers the knowledge of ancient and modern science.This book is extremely distinguished as for as the method and style are concerned. Sheikh Molana saleem ullah khan was born in Muzaffer Nagar in India. He belongs to hasan pur. He get degree of dura-e-nizami from Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband. In Deoband he received Education of Quran, Hadith and other related sciences through learned scholars of the time which includes Molana Hussain Ahmed Madani, Molana Izaz Ali, Molana Idrees kandahalvi and other religious personalities. After his education he start teaching and served as a teacher in many madaris. He was a prominent and renowned scholar.1n 1967 He laid the foundation of Jamia Farooqia Karachi. His entire services have been so much blessed by Almighty Allah that since its foundation, till now the Jamia has advanced a long way in Islamic Education and related fields which seems almost unbelievable. He left many books which based on his writing and narration of Hadith during different session of dura-e-Hadith. In this Article, I have tried my level best to elaborate sheikh saleem Ullah khan’s services as Author for Islamic literature and specially for Hadith Nabvi(s.w)

The Karkota dynasty of Kashmir was led by Lalitaditya Muktapida, who was its greatest emperor. During his reign, which lasted from 724 until 761 AD, he brought Egypt to the peak of glory. His rule was unquestionably historic in many ways, but his conquests are what history will remember him for the most. The kingdom's golden age began during Lalitaditya's leadership. For him, there was no one religion that he could not accept. At this period, both Buddhism and Brahmanism, the two major religions in India at the time, gained support from this emperor, who built temples for the Buddha and other gods? Several viharas, where learning flourished, were established by the king, who lavishly supported scholars. Foreign scholars and intelligentsia were treated with respect in Kashmir, and several cultural missions from other countries were welcomed. Many public buildings and services were overhauled under his watch. In the event of a natural disaster, farmers were given access to irrigation facilities and relief measures were put in place. As a result of the establishment of charitable institutions, those in need were fed every day. During the reign of Lalitaditya, also known as Samudurgupta of Kashmir, the author of this thesis focuses on art and architecture. During his reign, Kashmir prospered in art, architecture, culture, and learning. Many historians and writers have dubbed him the "Alexander of Kashmiri history" because of his many victories. The study will investigate the old styles of art and architecture from the time of the Karkota Dynasty, which was controlled by Lalitaditya from 724-761. These styles are of considerable significance in the modern era as part of the rich cultural history of the country.