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Resume: Les recherches développées dans l’hémisphère Nord sur les abus de pouvoir, de conscience et sexuels dans l’Église concluent que le cléricalisme, en tant que perversion de l’exercice de l’autorité, est le principal responsable de la crise actuelle, conclusion reprise et fréquemment commentée par le pape François. Pour les auteurs, le phénomène ne correspond pas à des faiblesses individuelles mais à une organisation institutionnelle le favorisant. Certaines composantes du cléricalisme sont universelles, conséquences des structures uniformes de l’Église, en revanche, d’autres caractéristiques correspondent à l’organisation sociale et culturelle locale. Á partir d›une étude en Argentine et au Pérou, résultat d›un projet de recherche financé par le Intercambio Cultural Alemán-Latinoamericano, Icala, et d’antérieurs projets, cet article se propose de combler un manque en analysant le cléricalisme et son impact dans la crise des abus, en contexte latino-américain. Les composantes universelles du phénomène se renforcent et acquièrent de nouvelles caractéristiques en Amérique Latine. Les multiples facettes du cléricalisme se rejoignent toutes autour d’un noyau commun, l’exercice sans contrepoids du pouvoir. Plusieurs facteurs, tels que le prestige de l’Église, la faiblesse des institutions gouvernementales, l’usage discrétionnaire de ressources, le machisme, les tendances culturelles à l’autoritarisme et l’européisation des formations en séminaires, transforment les prêtres en êtres d’exception et exacerbent leur pouvoir de type monarchique sur des laïcs passifs sans capacité, ni volonté de fiscalisation (Schickendantz). Par ailleurs, l’aura de sacré que tend à conférer le sacrement de l’ordre, en général, acquiert de nouvelles dimensions en contexte de modernité enchantée latino-américaine. Par leurs bénédictions, les prêtres sacralisent et purifient tous les objets du quotidien, les transformant en source de bien-être. Les changements actuels dans les pratiques de dévotions populaires renforcent ces tendances, faisant des prêtres des fournisseurs de bénédictions à volonté. Pour rompre les multiples renforcements qui justifient ce style de gouvernance, il faudrait développer dans l’Église une culture de la vulnérabilité (Keenan): envisager le prêtre non seulement comme un clerc au service des laïcs mais aussi comme un homme qui a besoin des laïcs pour être vraiment prêtre. Resumen: La investigación desarrollada en el hemisferio Norte sobre el abuso de poder, conciencia y sexualidad en la Iglesia concluye que el clericalismo, como una perversión del ejercicio de la autoridad, es el principal responsable de la crisis actual, conclusión repetida y frecuentemente comentada por el papa Francisco. Para las autoras, el fenómeno no corresponde a debilidades individuales sino a una organización institucional que lo favorece. Ciertos componentes del clericalismo son universales, consecuencia de las estructuras uniformes de la Iglesia, por otro lado, otras características corresponden a la organización social y cultural local. Basado en un estudio en Argentina y Perú, resultado de un proyecto de investigación financiado por el Intercambio Cultural Alemán-Latinoamericano, Icala, y proyectos anteriores, este artículo propone llenar un vacío analizando el clericalismo y su impacto en la crisis del abuso, desde el contexto latinoamericano. Los componentes universales del fenómeno se están fortaleciendo y adquiriendo nuevas características en América Latina. Las múltiples facetas del clericalismo se unen en torno a un núcleo común, el ejercicio desequilibrado del poder. Varios factores, como el prestigio de la Iglesia, la debilidad de las instituciones gubernamentales, el uso discrecional de los recursos, el machismo, las tendencias culturales hacia el autoritarismo y la europeización de las formaciones seminaristas, transforman a los sacerdotes en seres de excepción y exacerban su poder de tipo monárquico sobre laicos pasivos, sin capacidad ni voluntad para fiscalizar (Schickendantz). Además, el aura de sagrado que tiende a conferir el sacramento del orden, en general, adquiere nuevas dimensiones en el contexto de la modernidad encantada latinoamericana (Morello et al.). Con sus bendiciones, los sacerdotes santifican y purifican todos los objetos cotidianos, transformándolos en una fuente de bienestar. Los cambios actuales en las prácticas devocionales populares refuerzan estas tendencias, convirtiendo a los sacerdotes en proveedores de bendiciones a voluntad. Para romper los múltiples refuerzos que justifican este estilo de gobierno, sería necesario desarrollar en la Iglesia una cultura de la vulnerabilidad (Keenan): considerar al sacerdote no solo como un clérigo al servicio de los laicos, sino también como un hombre que necesita a los laicos para ser verdaderamente un sacerdote.

39 páginas.- 14 figuras.- 134 referencias, Lignin is largely produced by the oxidative radical coupling of the three monolignols, p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols, which form the p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl lignin units in the lignin polymer. However, it is increasingly appreciated that other “unconventional” phenolic compounds can also behave as lignin monomers participating in oxidative radical reactions during the lignification process and becoming integrated into the lignin polymer in some plants. Various phenolic compounds have been found incorporated into the lignin, including phenolic compounds derived from the monolignol biosynthetic pathway (e.g., monolignol ester conjugates, caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols, hydroxycinnamaldehydes, among others). More fascinating still was the discovery in some plants of a series of phenolic compounds arising from other polyphenolic biosynthetic pathways, including flavonoids (tricin, dihydrotricin, naringenin, naringenin chalcone), hydroxystilbenes (resveratrol, piceatannol, and isorhapontigenin, and their O-glucosylated counterparts piceid, astringin, and isorhapontin), and ferulic acid amides (feruloyltyramine, and diferuloylputrescine), that are integrated into the lignin polymer. All of these discoveries indicate that the lignin structure is far more complex than previously thought, that the definition of lignin should not be restricted to a polymer derived solely from the three traditional monolignols, and that other unconventional lignin monomers must be considered, thus expanding the established definition of lignin. The overriding factor remains, however, that lignification, the process of polymerization to the lignin polymer, allows this compositional flexibility because it is a simple chemical process. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd, JCdR, JRe and AG were funded by the Spanish Project AGL2017-83036-R and PID2020-118968RB-100 (financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, and European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, "A way of making Europe"), the Regional Andalusian Government (Consejerı ́a de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucıía, project P20-00017), and CSIC (project PIE 202040E185). JRa and HK were funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science DE-SC0018409

13 páginas.- 6 figuras.- 5 tablas.- 60 referencias.- Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124811, The differences in the composition and structure of the lignins from straws of different oat (Avena sativa L.) varieties, planted in two seasons (winter and spring), were studied in detail by different analytical techniques such as pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR), derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Overall, the analyses revealed that oat straw lignins were enriched in guaiacyl (G; 50–56 %) and syringyl (S; 39–44 %) units, with relatively lower amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H; 4–6 %) units. The lignins also incorporated significant quantities of p-coumarates (8–14 % of total lignin units), which are acylating the γ-OH of the lignin side chains, and predominantly over the S units. Furthermore, oat straw lignins also incorporated considerable amounts of the flavone tricin (5–12 % of total lignin units). Interestingly, this study revealed that the lignin content and composition of the oat straws vary with genotype and planting season. Since p-coumarates and tricin are high-value aromatic compounds especially attractive from a biorefinery point of view, the information disclosed here is highly relevant to plant breeding programs aimed at developing functional foods and lignin modifications for improved biorefinery applications, This work was supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and EU-NextGenerationEU/PRTR, and as appropriate, by “ERDF A way of making Europe” (projects AGL2017-83036-R, PID2020-118968RB-I00 and CPP2021-008449), the Regional Andalusian Government, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/FEDER (project P20-00017), and the CSIC project PIE-202040E185. MJR and JB acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities for their respective FPI fellowships PRE2018-083267 and PRE2021-099559. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

The abnormal growth of the spleen is called splenomegaly, this finding is a challenge when determining its etiology for the first contact physician due to the wide range of diagnostic possibilities. Infectious, tumoral, and hematologic aetiologies should always be sought among the main aetiologies. In this case, we present a 45-year-old male patient who came to the clinic for the first time because he presented with a palpable and non-painful abdominal tumor of long evolution, with a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia for 6 years, with poor adherence to treatment. Its diagnosis is based on obtaining images through methods such as tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to confirm the presence of splenomegaly, but ultrasound remains the technique of choice in Primary Care. Through clinical suspicion and performing an ultrasound in consultation, we arrive at a clinical diagnosis

Patients living with HIV who do not adhere to antiretroviral treatment (ART) have a high viral load, increasing the risk of developing AIDS, as well as new treatment-resistant strains. There are several psychological factors that must be studied to understand the reasons for non-adherence to ART. We studied whether the goals reported by patients with HIV, as well as their sense of meaning in life, influence ART adherence in a sample of adult patients attending HIV outpatient care in Mexico. Participants completed the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Assessment Questionnaire, the Dimensional Scale of Meaning in Life and were asked to write both short-term and long-term goals. The most frequent goals reported were those categorized as "personal development," followed by "being healthy." Participants with the highest adherence had more short-term "personal development" goals. Moreover, they showed the lowest levels of existential vacuum (lack of meaning in life). These variables predicted treatment adherence. We conclude that the design of programs to improve ART adherence should promote the establishment of personal development goals and offer tools that allow having a sense of meaning in life to reduce AIDS-related complications.

This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the European Union through the projects PCI2020-112039 MCIN/AEI-10.13039/501100011033 and PID2020-113001RB-I00 MCIN/AEI-10.13039/501100011033, respectively. SFL is grateful for her predoctoral grant received from the Administración del Principado de Asturias through the “Severo Ochoa” program, and NRR gratefully acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for her postdoctoral grant IJC2019-040875-I.

1 p., Las lignina peroxidasas (LiPs) han recibido especial atención en el contexto de las biorrefinerías de lignocelulosa por su capacidad para oxidar directamente la lignina.Hasta ahora, estas enzimas solo se habían identificado en basidiomicetos del orden Polyporales, que incluye la mayoría de las especies degradadoras de madera.Tras la secuenciación del genoma de Agrocybe pediades [5] identificamos la primera enzima ligninolítica de esta familia en un hongo del orden Agaricales (ApeLiP) degradador de hojarasca. Su estructura cristalográfica reveló que contiene un grupo hemo como centro activo y un triptófano catalítico posicionado en su superficie (Trp166). La caracterización bioquímica de la enzima nativa y de una variante carente de dicho triptófano confirmó que este residuo está involucrado en la oxidación directa de sustratos aromáticos no-fenólicos de alto potencial redox y de compuestos fenólicos, incluyendo monómeros y dímeros modelos de lignina y distintos colorantes. Además, mediante espectroscopía de flujo detenido y 2D-NMR se confirmó que este residuo es responsable de la oxidación directa de lignina real, tanto de angiospermas como de gimnospermas, con una eficiencia igual o superior al de otras peroxidasas ligninolíticas conocidas. La caracterización fue complementada con el estudio de los potenciales de reducción de los intermediarios del ciclo catalítico y con estudios de estabilidad. Así, se observó una activación por peróxido similar a la de otras peroxidasas, pero un menor potencial redox en el paso limitante de la reacción comparado con otras LiPs, así como una alta estabilidad a pH básico. Todos estos estudios demuestran que en hongos Agaricales también existen enzimas relevantes para el reciclado del carbono en la naturaleza que además pueden aprovecharse para su aplicación biotecnológica.

Valenzuela S., Portillo M., García-Suárez A., Gadekar Ch., García-Granero JJ., Jiménez S., Navas C., Tarifa N., Zupancich A., Zurro D. (2022) Lugar celebración: Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Madrid

Póster presentado en el 2nd International Workshop on Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Materials 4-7 June 2019, Córdoba, Spain, Olive tree pruning (OTP) is an abundant and inexpensive agricultural lignocellulosic residue that is an interesting feedstock for producing bioethanol and other bio-products in the context of the lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, the presence of lignin in this residue hinders the transformation processes as it limits the access to cell wall polysaccharides. Moreover, the aromatic/phenolic structure of the lignin polymer makes it an interesting raw material for producing chemicals, fuels and other commodities that are nowadays produced from fossil fuels. Thus, the knowledge of the OTP lignin structure is crucial to develop tailor-made pretreatments for their removal as well as for additional valorization of the lignin polymer. In this work, the OTP lignin was isolated as ‘milled wood lignin’ (MWL), a lignin preparation that is considered representative of the native lignin, and thoroughly characterized by 2D-NMR and thioacidolysis. The results demonstrated that the lignin was mainly composed of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignin units, in similar abundances (S/G ratio of ~1), with minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. The most abundant lignin inter-unit linkages were β–O–4ʹ alkyl-aryl ethers (75% of all linkages), followed by the condensed phenylcoumarans (12%) and resinols (8%) and with lower amounts of dibenzodioxocins (2%) and spirodienones (3%). The analysis of the thioacidolysis dimers gave additional information regarding the distribution of the lignin units involved in condensed interunit linkages, including 5–5ʹ, 4–O–5ʹ, β–5ʹ, β–1ʹ and β–βʹ. It is therefore possible to conclude that the high lignin content (25%), together with the low S/G ratio and the abundance of condensed (carbon–carbon linked) structures, confers a low reactivity of OTP during delignification pretreatments, especially those pretreatments intended to depolymerize the lignin polymer by cleaving the β–O–4′ alkyl-aryl ether bonds, such as steam explosion or alkaline pulping. Acknowledgements, This study has been funded by the Spanish projects CTQ2014-60764-JIN and AGL2017-83036-R (financed by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER).

Comunicación oral presentada en el 2nd International Workshop on Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Materials 4-7 June 2019, Córdoba, Spain, Lignin is a phenylpropanoid polymer derived essentially from the oxidative radical coupling of three p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (so-called “monolignols”) differing in their degree of methoxylation, p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. Several other phenolic compounds, all deriving from the shikimate-derived monolignol biosynthetic pathway, have been found to behave as lignin monomers in many plants, including the monolignol ester conjugates (with acetate, p-coumarate, ferulate, and p-hydroxybenzoate) or the incompletely methylated monomers caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols, among others. However, recent studies have revealed that some phenolic compounds derived from other biosynthetic pathways also act as true lignin monomers participating in coupling and cross-coupling reactions during lignification in several plants. This is the case for the flavone tricin recently established as a monomer in the lignins from grasses and other monocots (and the flavanone naringenin found in the lignin in an fnsII rice mutant) or the newly discovered hydroxystilbenes (resveratrol, isorhapontigenin and piceatannol) that are implicated as monomers in the lignin of palm fruit endocarps. The discovery in lignins of ‘non-conventional’ phenolic precursors arising from other biosynthetic pathways expands the traditional definition of lignin, illustrates yet again the high metabolic plasticity of lignification, and reveals that any phenolic compound that is delivered to the cell wall may be oxidized and incorporated into the lignin polymer during lignification, subject exclusively to its chemical compatibility. On the other hand, these discoveries reveal that valuable flavonoids and hydroxystilbenes could also be obtained from agricultural resides (cereal straws or palm fruit shells) or from low-value lignin side-streams in lignocellulose processing mills, which will open new opportunities for the valorization of these residues that are considered as wastes., This study has been funded by the Spanish projects CTQ2014-60764-JIN and AGL2017-83036-R (financed by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER).

Memoria ID-022. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020., [ES]Este proyecto va dirigido a implantar la comunicación y la relación efectiva para que se pueda establecer un canal de comunicación bidireccional entre los diferentes agentes que están involucrados en la formación de los futuros farmacéuticos durante las Prácticas Tuteladas.

Estudio de la estrategia de crecimiento de las empresas desde el punto de vista de las alternativas para su financiación, considerando el impacto de las restricciones financieras.

[Abstract]: The objective of this work has been to analyse the factors that determine climate change in Spain in order to identify where policies and actions should been focused to combat this phenomenon. To achieve this objective, a complete framework has first been developed in which the causes, consequences, impacts and policies have been studied to know the importance and current situation of climate change in Spain. Next, this work presents a study of the drivers of climate change based on the Kaya identity, which establishes that CO2 emissions can be decomposed into the product of four variables: population, GDP per capita, energy intensity and carbonization index. This analysis concludes the factors that have contributed the most to containment and even decrease of the amount of CO2 are the energy intensity and the decarbonisation thanks to the introduction of renewable energies. [Resumen]: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar los factores que determinan el cambio climático en España para poder identificar donde se deben focalizar las políticas y acciones de lucha contra este fenómeno. Para alcanzar este objetivo, primero se ha desarrollado un completo marco de referencia en el que se analizan las causas, consecuencias, impactos y políticas para conocer la importancia y la situación actual del cambio climático en España. A continuación, este trabajo presenta un estudio de los factores conductores del cambio climático en base a la identidad de Kaya que establece que las emisiones de CO2 pueden descomponerse en el producto de cuatro variables: población, PIB per cápita, intensidad energética e índice de carbonización. Este análisis concluye que los factores que más han contribuido a la contención e incluso a la disminución de la cantidad de CO2 son la intensidad energética y la descarbonización gracias a la introducción de energías renovables. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ECO). ADE. Curso 2020/2021

Objectives: We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model, based on clinical history and examination findings on initial diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to identify patients at risk of critical outcomes. Methods: We used data from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a cohort of consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from 132 centres in Spain (23rd March to 21st May 2020). For the development cohort, tertiary referral hospitals were selected, while the validation cohort included smaller hospitals. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation, or admission to intensive care unit. Clinical signs and symptoms, demographics, and medical history ascertained at presentation were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression was used to construct the predictive model. Results: There were 10 433 patients, 7850 in the development cohort (primary outcome 25.1%, 1967/7850) and 2583 in the validation cohort (outcome 27.0%, 698/2583). The PRIORITY model included: age, dependency, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, confusion, systolic blood pressure, and SpO2 ≤93% or oxygen requirement. The model showed high discrimination for critical illness in both the development (C-statistic 0.823; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.813, 0.834) and validation (C-statistic 0.794; 95%CI 0.775, 0.813) cohorts. A freely available web-based calculator was developed based on this model (https://www.evidencio.com/models/show/2344). Conclusions: The PRIORITY model, based on easily obtained clinical information, had good discrimination and generalizability for identifying COVID-19 patients at risk of critical outcomes., No funding was received for this work.

En los últimos años ha surgido la necesidad de desarrollar alternativas al uso de animales de experimentación, tanto para el testado de productos dermatológicos como para la investigación básica y aplicada. En este contexto, se plantea desarrollar un modelo in-vitro de piel humana inervada para el cual primero hay que desarrollar un modelo in-vitro de neurona humana. El presente trabajo se centrará en el desarrollo de este modelo de neurona mediante la diferenciación a partir de la línea celular de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y-VR1 con diferentes compuestos (ácido retinoico, forskolina y dB-cAMP). El éxito funcional alcanzado en esta diferenciación se comprobará estudiando la respuesta de tres canales dependientes de calcio (TRPV1, TRPM8 y TRPA1) ante la activación de estos por su agonista (capsaicina, mentol y AITC, respectivamente), así como la respuesta a KCl, todo ello mediante la técnica de imagen de calcio. Se obtuvieron mejores resultados en aquellas células que habían sido tratadas con los tres compuestos (ácido retinoico, forskolina y dB-cAMP) frente a aquellas células que no habían recibido tratamiento con ácido retinoico. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento con estos compuestos sería el más indicado para lograr una diferenciación neuronal exitosa. In recent years, there has been a raising need to developed alternatives to animal testing, for both, testing dermatological products and basic and applied investigation. It is proposed to develop an innervated in-vitro skin model, for which a human neuron in-vitro model must be developed first. This project will be focus on the development of this neuron model performing a neuronal differentiation using the cell line SH-SY5Y-VR1 in combination of different compounds (retinoic acid, forskolin and dB-cAMP). The functional success of this differentiation will be tested studying the response of three calcium-dependent channels (TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1) by their agonist (capsaicin, menthol and AITC, respectively), as well as the response to KCl, by applying the calcium imaging technique. Better results were acquired in cells that received treatment with retinoic acid, forskolin and dB-cAMP in comparison with those cells that did not received treatment with retinoic acid. Therefore, the treatment with these compounds would be the most suitable treatment to achieve a successful neuronal differentiation.

Memoria ID-020 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021.

Tomado de Diez elementos clave en la acción educativa de la Escuela con cerebro Guillen Fores 2016, Tomado de alimentos para el cerebro, Antares salud mental integral 2018, Tomado de modelo de aprendizaje de la universidad de Deusto 2019 La presente propuesta, vinculada a la línea de investigación Pedagogía, Didáctica y currículo de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación ECEDU, y titulada “Importancia de la neuroeducación en el aprendizaje autónomo y en la educación virtual en Colombia” busca el cumplimiento del objetivo general planteado: “Analizar la importancia que tiene la neuroeducación en el aprendizaje autónomo y en la educación virtual en Colombia”, La monografía se apoya en la revisión documental y el análisis de fuentes tales como textos, estadísticas, constitución política de Colombia, leyes e investigaciones, se desarrollaron las fases de lectura de los documentos seleccionados, posteriormente la elaboración de la monografía, la revisión por parte de la asesora, la entrega final del documento, nueva revisión y asignación de jurado. Mediante la revisión documental se logró identificar que la manera tradicional de enseñar ya no es tan funcional y que se hace necesario reformular conceptos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Colombia, ya que aún en muchas instancias educativas se cree que la memorización es la principal forma de aprender, y a través de este análisis se puede observar que el estudiante aprende haciendo, se aprende más de lo que se hace, que de lo que se dice. Además, se pudo concluir que las instituciones que tienen como metodología la educación virtual en Colombia debe generar y aplicar metodologías auténticas, que el estudiante pueda aprender basado en el trabajo constante en proyectos que impacten su vida y su entorno de manera positiva. The present proposal, linked to the line of research Pedagogy, Didactics and curriculum of the School of Education Sciences ECEDU, and entitled "Importance of neuroeducation in autonomous learning and virtual education in Colombia" seeks the fulfillment of the general objective stated: "Analyze the importance of neuroeducation in autonomous learning and virtual education in Colombia", This monograph is supported by the documentary review and analysis of sources such as texts, statistics, the Colombian political constitution, laws and investigations, the reading phases of the selected documents were developed, followed by the preparation of the monograph, the review by the advisor, the final delivery of the document, the new review and the assignment of the jury. Through the documentary review, the traditional way of teaching will be identified as it is no longer so functional and it is necessary to reformulate teaching-learning concepts in Colombia, since even in many educational instances it is believed that memorization is the main way of learning, since Through this analysis, it can be seen that the student learns by doing, learning more from what is done than from what is said. In addition, it was concluded that institutions that have virtual education as a methodology in Colombia must generate and apply authentic methodologies, so that the student can learn based on constant work on projects that impact their life and their environment in a positive way.

Comunicación oral presentada en Lignobiotech 2018 - the 5th Symposium of Biotechnology Applied to Lignocelluloses 29 ago-1 sept (2018) Helsinki, Finlandia, Methodological limitations difficult estimation of lignin oxidation rates by Iigninolytic peroxidases. Here, lignin oxidation was seen from the "enzyme side" by estimating the reduction rates of H202 activated peroxidase compounds I and 11, using rapid spectrophotometry. Removal of Trp164 in versatile peroxidase resulted in 4-100 fold slower rate-limiting compound-II reduction by watersoluble sulfonated lignins. Moreover, when methylated lignosulfonates were used, negligible transfer was found, confirming that residual reduction by native lignin was due to its phenolic moiety. In agreement with the transient-state kinetic data, low or null structural modification of lignin was found (by NMR) during steady-state treatment with the W164S variant compared with native VP. Similar results were obtained with lignin peroxidase. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that the surface tryptophan conserved in most LiPs and VPs is strictly required for oxidation of the nonphenolic moiety, which represents the major and more recalcitrant part of the lignin polymer.

4 páginas.-- 1 figura.-- 1 tabla.-- 5 referencias.-- Poster presentación en el 15th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp June 26-29, 2018 Aveiro, Portugal, Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.) is a tropical palm tree from the Arecaceae family native to South America. This palm is considered a promising energy crop due to the high bioenergy production potential of its fruit and the possibility of integrated crop-livestock/forest-farming systems. The fruit has a high oil content, which has favorable characteristics for the production of biodiesel. In addition, from the residues generated in the processing of the fruits, it is possible to produce charcoal (from the shell) and densified briquettes (from the husk), both biofuels of high energy density. In this study, the lignins from different anatomical parts of the macaúba palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp (husk), and endocarp (shell), were thoroughly analyzed by different analytical techniques, including twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). These lignins presented important differences among them, in both composition and structure. The lignin from stalks was enriched in Slignin units (S/G ratio 1.2) and ß-ethers (84% of the total), whereas the epicarp presented a highly condensed G-rich lignin (S/G ratio 0.2), consequently depleted in ß-ethers (65%). The endocarp, on the other hand, was characterized by the occurrence of significant amounts of hydroxystilbenes, particularly piceatannol, incorporated into the lignin structure, thus producing a greater accumulation of lignin that is more condensed and presumably contributing to endocarp hardening by reinforcing the cell wall. The results also indicated that piceatannol acts as a true lignin monomer participating in coupling and cross-coupling reactions during lignification of macaúba endocarp., This study has been funded by the Spanish projects CTQ2014-­‐60764-­‐JIN, AGL2014-­‐53730-­‐R and AGL2017-­‐83036-­‐R (co-­‐financed by FEDER funds) and the CSIC project 2014-­‐40E-­‐097. JRa and HK were funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-­‐FC02-­‐07ER64494 and DE-­‐SC0018409).

In this data set, bibliographic references that provide information on the epiphytic macroalgae of Cuba are presented. In addition, a set of variables used in the systematic review of the epiphytic macroalgae of Cuba are listed.

Introducción: La alimentación se ha convertido en uno de los temas de moda en los medios de comunicación y redes sociales. Su popularidad aumenta paralelamente al mismo ritmo al que lo hace la prevalencia de enfermedades relacionadas con la mala nutrición, como es el caso de los trastornos de la alimentación y los problemas que derivan de ellos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivos analizar la subjetividad en el discurso de la alimentación en los medios generalistas de la prensa española online entre mayo y julio de 2018; y estudiar la coherencia global del discurso alimentario mediático. Método: Se ha recopilado un corpus de 144 noticias sobre alimentación publicadas entre el 22 de mayo y el 7 de julio de 2018 de los 12 diarios generalistas más leídos en España. Resultados: En el corpus predomina el uso de los objetivos positivos, sobre todo en los subgéneros discursivos patrocinados y las contradicciones entre los artículos que lo configuran dificultan que el público de los medios tenga una imagen clara sobre la alimentación. Además, Conclusiones: El discurso alimentario está construido sobre una base mercantilista, que además busca fijar ciertas ideas en su público, como la idealización de la delgadez y la demonización de la gordura y el sobrepeso. Nutrition has become one of the trending topics in mass media and social networks. Nowadays, its popularly is increasing at the same rate as the prevalence of diseases caused by keeping a poor nutrition, such as eating disorders and the problems stemming from them. Introduction: This work aims to analyze the expression of subjectivity in the discourse of nutrition on the on-line general media between May and June 2018; and to study the global coherence of these texts, understanding the selection of texts as a unity. Methods: For this purpose, a corpus with 144 news on nutrition published between May 22 and July 7 in the most-read Spanish general media has been compiled. Results: The use of positive adjectives in the corpus is predominant, mostly in the sponsored discursive subgenres. In addition, the contradictions among the articles make it difficult for readers to obtain a clear picture on nutrition. Conclusions: The critical analysis of the text pinpoints that food discourse is built from a marketing perspective, intending to spread certain ideas among their audience, such as the idealization of thinness and the demonization of fatness and overweight.

[Resumo] Introdución: todas as persoas somos seres sexuais, e o desenvolvemento da nosa sexualidade evoluciona ao longo da nosa adolescencia, quedando así fixadas as bases para a saúde sexual do adulto, polo que esta etapa resulta ser un momento moi indicado para abordar todos os temas relacionados coa nosa saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Actualmente enfrontámonos a moitos desafíos con respecto á saúde sexual de adolescentes e mozos, xa que a falta de información en materia de sexualidade fai que siga a ser moi frecuente que cometan erros e leven a cabo prácticas sexuais de risco, como decidir non empregar ningún tipo de anticoncepción. Isto pódese ver reflexado no aumento das infeccións de transmisión sexual, o alto porcentaxe de embarazos non desexados e interrupcións voluntarias do embarazo. Obxectivos: Principal: describir o grao de coñecemento dos adolescentes e mozos sobre métodos anticonceptivos. Secundarios: Coñecer en que medida empregan os métodos contraceptivos e se os empregan de xeito adecuado. Metodoloxía: trátase dun estudo cuantitativo, descritivo, transversal e observacional. A información recollerase por medio de enquisas entregadas en dous centros educativos (Campus de Oza e IES Alfredo Brañas), estruturadas en 3 apartados (formación-información, sexualidade e métodos anticonceptivos) cunha mostra n=690 usuarios de 16-25 anos. O análise estatístico contará con análise descritivo, probas de normalidade, valoración de asociacións, coeficientes de correlación e análises da fiabilidade. Limitacións e beneficios: en canto as limitacións, poderían aparecer sesgos de selección, de información ou de confusión. Como beneficios o feito de que a participación no estudo sexa voluntaria e anónima fai que os usuarios respondan con maior sinceridade, levándonos a obter datos que resultan útiles para reforzar a información e coñecementos da nosa xuventude. [Resumen] Introducción: todas las personas somos seres sexuales, y el desarrollo de nuestra sexualidad evoluciona a lo largo de nuestra adolescencia, quedando así fijadas las bases para la salud sexual del adulto, por lo que esta etapa resulta ser un momento muy indicado para abordar todos los temas relacionados con nuestra salud sexual y reprodutiva. Actualmente nos enfrentamos a muchos desafíos con respecto a la salud sexual de adolescentes y jóvenes, ya que la falta de información en materia de sexualidad hace que siga siendo muy frecuente que cometan errores y lleven a cabo prácticas sexuales de riesgo, como decidir no emplear ningún tipo de anticoncepción. Esto se puede ver reflejado en el aumento de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, el alto porcentaje de embarazos no deseados e interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo. Objetivo: Principal: describir el grado de conocimiento de los adolescentes y jóvenes sobre métodos anticonceptivos. Secundarios: Conocer en que medida emplean los métodos contraceptivos y si los emplean de forma adecuada. Metodología: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y observacional. La información se recogerá por medio de encuestas entregadas en dos centros educativos (Campus de Oza e IES Alfredo Brañas), estructuradas en 3 apartados (formación-información, sexualidad y uso actual de métodos anticonceptivos) con una muestra n=690 usuarios de 16-25 años. El análisis estadístico contará con análisis descriptivo, análisis de fiabilidad pruebas de normalidad, coeficientes de correlación y valoración de asociaciones. Limitaciónes y beneficios: en cuanto a las limitaciones, podrían aparecer sesgos de selección, de información o de confusión. Como beneficios el hecho de que la participación en el estudio sea voluntaria y anónima hace que los usuarios respondan con mayor sinceridad, llevándonos a obtener datos que resulten útiles para reforzar la información y conocimientos de nuestra juventud. [Abstract] Introduction: All of us are sexual people, and de development of our sexuality evolves along our adolescence staying fixed the bases for the sexual health of the adult, so this period is a very indicated moment to aproach all the facts relacionated with our sexual and reproductive health. We currently face many challenges regarding the sexual health of adolescents and young people, since the lack of information on sexuality means that it is still very common for them to make mistakes and carry out risky sexual practices, such as deciding not to use any type of contraception. This can be seen reflected in the increase of sexually transmitted infections, the high percentage of unwanted pregnancies and voluntary interruptions of pregnancy. Objectives: Main: describe the knowlege grade of teenagers and young people about contreceptive methods. Secondary: know what extent they use the contraceptive methods and if they use them properly. Methodology: It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. The information will be collected through surveys delivered in two educational centers (Campus de Oza and IES Alfredo Brañas), structured in 3 sections (formation-information, sexuality and current use of contraceptive methods) with a sample n = 690 users of 16- 25 years. The statistical analysis will include descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, normality tests, correlation coefficients and association assessment. Limitations and benefits: regarding limitations, selection, information or confusion biases could appear. As benefits, the fact that participation in the study is voluntary and anonymous makes users respond with more sincerity, leading us to obtain data that is useful to reinforce the information and knowledge of our youth. Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ENFC). Enfermaría. Curso 2019/2020

The following set of data provides the systematic list of epiphytic and host macroalgae reported in the scientific literature until 2019. Information is provided on the distribution and type of habitats where epiphytic macroalgae have been registered in Cuba. Finally, the richness of epiphytic macroalgae species per host is offered.

Resumen del trabajo presentado al V Workshop de la Red E3TECH / I Workshop Iberoamericano a Distancia E3TECH: “Aplicaciones Medioambientales y Energéticas de la Tecnología Electroquímica”, celebrado de forma telemática del 28 al 31 de octubre de 2020., Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad de España (CTQ2017-87820-R y MAT2016-78155-C2-1-R) y El Principado de Asturias (FICYT-FEDER: IDI/2018/000118 y IDI/2018/000170). Lucía dos Santos-Gómez agradece al Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades por su beca Juan de la Cierva Formación (FJC2018-036746-I).

Memoria ID-033 . Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020.

Additional file 1 Supplementary materials.

In this data set, bibliographic references that provide information on the epiphytic macroalgae of Cuba are presented. In addition, a set of variables used in the systematic review of the epiphytic macroalgae of Cuba are listed.

Trabajo presentado en el 7th Congress of European Microbiologists (FEMS 2017), celebrado en Valencia (España), del 9 al 13 de julio de 2017, [Backgrounds] The gut microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem that changes through the lifespan. Our understanding on the functional characterisitcs of the microbiota is mainly based on in vitro models that focus in the analysis of the interaction between the host and specific bacterial strains. Therefore, the development of simple and economically affordable study models, which take into account the complexity and functionality of the intestinal microbiota is required. [Objectives] The ability of an in vitro model, based on the real-time monitoring of the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line, was evaluated to asses its ability to detect differences in the functionality of faecal supernatants (FS) and isolated faecal microbiotas (M) from different human population groups: obese (n = 9), healthy normal weight adults (n = 7) and ulcerative colitis patients (n = 5). A group of infants (n = 20), divided in full-term infants (2 days of age, n = 10) and preterm infants of the same age (n = 10) were also studied. [Methods] The composition of the M was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The quantification of short chain fatty acids was also determined by gas chromatography in the FS. Moreover, the effect of M and FS was monitored in real time, using RT-Cell Analyzer technology on the proliferation and confluence phases of the HT29 cell line. [Conclusions] The microbiota-host interaction in vitro model developed allowed to detect differences in the functionality of the microbiotas of different population groups. This in vitro model shows potentiality for the characterization of the functionality of complex microbiotas and the resulting effect of modulating them by probiotics, prebiotics or other functional components of diet.

12 Pags.- 2 Tabls.- 5 Figs.- Supp. Data., Iron deficiency is a yield-limiting factor with major implications for crop production, especially in soils with high CaCO3. Because stems are essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, the aim of this work was to study the effects of Fe deficiency on the stem proteome of Medicago truncatula. Two-dimensional electrophoresis separation of stem protein extracts resolved 276 consistent spots in the whole experiment. Iron deficiency in absence or presence of CaCO3 caused significant changes in relative abundance in 10 and 31 spots, respectively, and 80% of them were identified by mass spectrometry. Overall results indicate that Fe deficiency by itself has a mild effect on the stem proteome, whereas Fe deficiency in the presence of CaCO3 has a stronger impact and causes changes in a larger number of proteins, including increases in stress and protein metabolism related proteins not observed in the absence of CaCO3. Both treatments resulted in increases in cell wall related proteins, which were more intense in the presence of CaCO3. The increases induced by Fe-deficiency in the lignin per protein ratio and changes in the lignin monomer composition, assessed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and microscopy, respectively, further support the existence of cell wall alterations. Biological significance: In spite of being essential for the delivery of nutrients to the shoots, our knowledge of stem responses to nutrient deficiencies is very limited. The present work applies 2-DE techniques to unravel the response of this understudied tissue to Fe deficiency. Proteomics data, complemented with mineral, lignin and microscopy analyses, indicate that stems respond to Fe deficiency by increasing stress and defense related proteins, probably in response of mineral and osmotic unbalances, and eliciting significant changes in cell wall composition. The changes observed are likely to ultimately affect solute transport and distribution to the leaves., Work supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness (MINECO; projects AGL2012-31988, AGL2011-25379 and AGL2013-42175-R, co-financed by FEDER), the Aragón Government (group A03), and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (under Agreement number 58-6250-0-008 to MAG). Support was obtained by contracts I3P-CSIC (JRC), FPI-MINECO (GL and LC-L), JAE-PRE-CSIC (EG-C) and JAE-DOC-CSIC (JR), co-financed by the European Social Fund.

Memoria ID-013. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019.

El grupo de trabajo, se establece como un grupo de trabajo estable en la estructura de FESABID, que debe funcionar permanentemente, asesorando a la Federación y a las asociaciones/colegios que lo componen y trabajará sobre las 2 líneas acción propuestas en el informe Tendencias y oportunidades en el consumo de información en la era digital. Estas líneas de acción son: 1. Canalizar las acciones tradicionales de defensa como son la revisión de plazas, convocatorias, ofertas de empleo, definición de servicios, etc., a nivel estatal, con acciones con una perspectiva más elevada, con una visión más global. La puesta en marcha de la confluencia de todo el sector es un buen punto de partida que necesita consolidar acciones concretas. 2. Una profesión infravalorada: la sensación generalizada de ser una profesión invisibilizada, poco valorada, con una visión de profesionales poco emprendedores y con poca iniciativa al reciclaje profesional. Se considera necesario trabajar este tema de una forma directa, más de “coach” pero con un buen enfoque, con metodologías y actividades similares a la de F3 (FESABID, FORMACIÓN, FORTALECIMIENTO).

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud pública y Microbilogía. Fecha de lectura: 15-10-2019

Este trabajo es un dictamen jurídico que versa sobre la supuesta vulneración del derecho a un proceso equitativo ante el TEDH regulado en el artículo 6 del CEDH,analizando la legitimación activa y pasiva, modo de presentación de la demanda, el procedimiento que va a llevar a cabo, los requisitos que debe cumplir para que la demanda sea admisible y un análisis sobre el fondo del asunto determinando si existe una violación de este Derecho Fundamental.

The process of the present invention relates to the biocatalytic transformation of isophorone (3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one) and 4-hydroxyisophorone by several unspecific peroxygenases produced by fungi. These biocatalysts, that only require H2O2 or organic peroxides for activation, potentially represent a novel simple and environmentally friendly route for the production of isophorone derivatives, such as the high value products for the pharmaceutical and flavour and fragrance industry 4-hydroxyisophorone and 4-ketoisophorone., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

e ha cumplido este año el 10mo. Aniversario del fallecimiento de la Dra. María Elena Ibarra Martín y se le ha querido rendir homenaje con este dossier que es el resultado de la recopilación de lo que han manifestado algunos de los que fueron estudiantes, colegas, amigos y colaboradores, cubanos y extranjeros, durante su intensa vida en la Universidad de La Habana. Para esto se incluyen aquí las palabras leídas en el Aula Magna en el homenaje póstumo rendido a ella un mes después de su fallecimiento, un 5 de junio, Día Mundial del Medio Ambiente y algunos de los múltiples mensajes de condolencia que retratan en parte su vida y su obra. En una segunda parte se incluye la velada solemne por el 10 aniversario de su fallecimiento, donde se leyeron escritos emocionados de quienes fueron sus alumnos y/o colegas; a esto también se le añaden los mensajes recibidos con este tema, “lo que ha quedado en nosotros de María Elena”. De esta forma, la Revista de Investigaciones Marinas y su Consejo Editorial, ha querido dejar impresos estos recuerdos para las futuras generaciones, sobre alguien que ha sido muy importante como ejemplo para generaciones anteriores en un ámbito muy amplio de la vida universitaria.

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con estudiantes de centros educativos de nivel bachillerato en Xalapa, México, y tuvo el objetivo de identificar y comparar las cualidades restauradoras percibidas en sus espacios escolares de acuerdo con la Teoría de la Restauración de la Atención. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 706 estudiantes de siete bachilleratos. Se recopilaron datos mediante una encuesta sociodemográfica y la Escala del Potencial Restaurador de los Espacios Escolares (EPREE). Los resultados mostraron que las áreas verdes de las escuelas eran los espacios de descanso con mayores cualidades restauradoras, y que los lugares de descanso favoritos poseían más cualidades restauradoras que los no favoritos. Los alumnos varones, los de más edad y aquellos cuya madre (jefe de familia) tenía niveles inferiores de estudios reportaron una percepción más positiva de los espacios escolares. Las escuelas más grandes y con áreas verdes fueron mejor valoradas en las dimensiones de fascinación, posibilidad de estar alejado y extensión. Los resultados confirmaron las propuestas centrales de la teoría de la restauración de la atención en el contexto de los espacios escolares. Este artigo foi realizado com estudantes de centros educativos de ensino médio em Xalapa (México) e teve como objetivo identificar e comparar as qualidades restauradoras percebidas em seus espaços escolares de acordo com a Teoria da Restauração da Atenção. Trabalhou-se com uma amostra não probabilística de 706 estudantes de sete turmas de ensino médio. Coletaramse dados mediante uma enquete sociodemográfica e a Escala do Potencial Restaurador dos Espaços Escolares (EPREE). Os resultados mostraram que as áreas verdes dos centros eram os espaços de descanso com maiores qualidades restauradoras e que os lugares de descanso preferidos pelos estudantes possuíam mais qualidades restauradoras do que os não preferidos. Os estudantes do gênero masculino, os de mais idade e aqueles cuja mãe (cabeça de família) tinha níveis inferiores de escolaridade relataram uma percepção mais positiva dos espaços escolares. Os maiores centros e com áreas verdes tiveram melhores avaliações nas dimensões de fascinação, possibilidade de estar isolado e extensão. Os resultados confirmaram as propostas centrais da Teoria da Restauração da Atenção no contexto dos espaços escolares. The present study was carried out with high school students from Xalapa, Mexico. Its target was to identify and compare the perceived restorativeness in their school environments according to the attention restoration theory. This work is based on a non-probabilistic sample of 706 students from seven high schools. All data were compiled by a sociodemographic survey and the Scale of the Restorative Potential of School Spaces (EPREE is the Spanish acronym). The results proved that green areas were the rest spaces with major restorative qualities and that the student’s favorite rest places possessed more restorative qualities than other places. Male students, older students and those whose mother (head of the family) was less educated reported a more positive perception of the school non classroom spaces. The bigger schools with green areas obtained a higher evaluation for their dimensions of fascination, being away and extent. The results confirmed the main propositions of the attention restoration theory in high school settings.

Trabajo presentado en el VI Workshop Probióticos, Prebióticos y Salud: Evidencia Científica, celebrado en Oviedo (España) el 5 y 6 de febrero de 2015, La administración de probióticos mediante su inclusión en productos lácteos representa una estrategia para modular la microbiota intestinal a través de la dieta. Varias cepas de Bifidobacterium poseen características probióticas y algunas producen carbohidratos exocelulares complejos de naturaleza glicosídica, los exopolisacáridos (EPS). En nuestro estudio evaluamos la capacidad de 2 cepas productoras de EPS, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis IPLA R1 y Bifidobacterium longum IPLA E44 para modular la respuesta inmune y la homeostasis de la glucosa dependiente de insulina utilizando como modelo ratas Wistar alimentadas con una dieta estándar. Los animales divididos en tres grupos, se alimentaron diariamente durante 24 días con 10% de leche desnatada, o con 109 cfu de la cepa correspondiente en leche desnatada. Se observó un aumento significativo de la citocina reguladora TGF-β en ambas cepas en comparación con el grupo de ratas control, alcanzándose los niveles más altos en las ratas alimentadas con la cepa IPLA R1. Esta cepa presentó además un perfil inmunoprotector, reduciendo la producción de la citocina proinflamatoria IL-6. Por otra parte, la quinasa Akt fosforilada disminuyó en el músculo gastrocnemio de las ratas alimentadas con la cepa IPLA R1, sin afectar a la glucosa, la insulina, y el índice HOMA en sangre, o los niveles del trasportador de glucosa GLUT-4, situado en la membrana de los adipocitos y las células del tejido muscular. Por lo tanto, la cepa B. animalis IPLA R1 es un candidato probiótico para ser probado en modelos animales con un estado leve de inflamación.

Trabajo presentado en el VI Workshop Probióticos, Prebióticos y Salud: Evidencia Científica, celebrado en Oviedo (España) el 5 y 6 de febrero de 2015, Our group has recently proved the existence of a gut microbial dysbiosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), resulting in differences in the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and supporting previous evidence involving intestinal bacteria in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory processes and autoimmune diseases. While several studies have addressed the use of dietary fibres to modify intestinal microbial populations, information about other highly correlated components, such as polyphenols, is scarce. The aim of this work was the identification of dietary components able to influence this altered microbiota in 20 women suffering from SLE and 20 age-matched controls. Food intake was recorded by means of a food frequency questionnaire. Energy was calculated from CESNID food composition tables and Phenol-Explorer was used for polyphenol intake. Results showed positive associations between flavone intake and Blautia, flavanones and Lactobacillus and dihydrochalcones and Bifidobacterium in the SLE group. Regarding the controls, dihydroflavonols were directly associated with Faecalibacterium, whereas flavonol intake was inversely associated with Bifidobacterium. From the food sources of these polyphenols related to microbiota, orange intake was directly associated with Lactobacillus and apple with Bifidobacterium in SLE, whilst red wine was the best contributor to Faecalibacterum variation. The association between common foods and particular microbial genera, reported to be decreased in SLE, could be of great importance for these patients

Trabajo presentado en el VI Workshop Probióticos, Prebióticos y Salud: Evidencia Científica, celebrado en Oviedo (España) el 5 y 6 de febrero de 2015., Los exopolisacáridos (EPS) bacterianos son polímeros de naturaleza glicosídica que se encuentran rodeando la bacteria o unidos débilmente formando una matriz en el exterior. Estos polímeros confieren una ventaja adaptativa a la bacteria en el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI). En bifidobacterias, se ha demostrado que las cepas productoras de EPS pueden modificar el perfil de la microbiota, ejercer un papel protector frente a patógenos y sustancias tóxicas y modular la respuesta del sistema inmune. En nuestro grupo hemos obtenido un modelo de cepas isogénicasde B. animalis subsp. lactis productoras de distinto EPS (mucoide y ropy), que nos ha permitido estudiar la relevancia fisiológica que tienen estos polímeros. Hemos demostrado que la cepa productora de un EPS de alto peso molecular (HMWEPS, 106 Da), responsable del fenotipo ropy, tiene mayor adhesión a la línea celular intestinal HT29 y sobrevive mejor a las condiciones del TGI simulado que la cepa mucoide. Además, los co-cultivos in vitro de las cepas con PBMCs humanos y los co-cultivos ex vivo con tejido de colon humano mostraron un efecto anti-inflamatorio, para la cepa ropy productora del HMW-EPS. En vista de estos esperanzadores resultados, hemos llevado a cabo una intervención in vivo empleando un modelo murino con colitis inducida. Los resultados preliminares muestran que nuestras cepas de B. animalis subsp. lactis son capaces de sobrevivir a las condiciones del TGI y la cepa ropy es capaz de producir una disminución del índice de actividad de la enfermedad. Actualmente estamos analizando los parámetros inmunes y la expresión génica para estudiar la posible relación de la cepa ropy con la disminución en la severidad de la enfermedad.

4 páginas.-- 1 figura.-- 5 referencias.-- Poster presentación en el 15th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp June 26-29, 2018 Aveiro, Portugal, This work demonstrates the ability of an enzymatic pretreatment, based on the laccase from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, and 1-­¿hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as mediator, to remove and/or modify lignin from sugarcane bagasse and straw residues, improving their subsequent saccharification. Up to 27% and 31% decrease of relative lignin content in ground sugarcane bagasse and straw, respectively, were achieved by the laccase-­¿mediator pretreatment followed by alkaline peroxide extraction. Moreover, the lignin removals directly correlated with improvements in enzymatic saccharification, increasing glucose releases around 39% and 46% for bagasse and straw, respectively, compared with the corresponding controls. Furthermore, the structural modifications produced in the lignin polymer of these sugarcane feedstocks during the enzymatic treatment were analyzed ¿in situ¿ by two-­¿dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-­NMR) at the gel state, which provided useful information regarding the lignin degradation mechanism., This study has been funded by the Spanish projects CTQ2014-60764-JIN and AGL2014‐53730-R (cofinanced by FEDER funds) and the EU-project INDOX (KBBE-2013‐7-613549)

Libro electrónico que recopila las comunicaciones orales y los pósteres presentados en la XII Jornada sobre Tecnología Farmacéutica, Biofarmacia y Farmacocinética celebrado en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en abril de 2018

Supplementary Figure for Expression of NK Cell Surface Receptors in Breast Cancer Tissue as Predictors of Resistance to Antineoplastic Treatment by Garcia-Chagollan Mariel, Carranza-Torres Irma Edith, Carranza-Rosales Pilar, Guzmán-Delgado Nancy Elena, Ramírez-Montoya Humberto, Martínez-Silva María Guadalupe, Mariscal-Ramirez Ignacio, Barrón-Gallardo Carlos Alfredo, Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura, Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana, and Jave-Suárez Luis Felipe in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Elderly patients have unique characteristics that make dosing drugs a necessity in many cases, especially in those excreted by renal function, as in the case of vancomycin. HUGE value is a tool for differentiating the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease in patients older than 70 years. The objective was to obtain an equation based on the HUGE value to predict the initial dose of vancomycin in patients older than 70 years. The equation was designed retrospectively in 70 patients and it was validated in 40 patients in comparison with the PKS® method (Pharmacokinetic System, Abbott) based on creatinine clearance. The submitted equation, HUGE-VAN, was obtained by multiple linear regression:/nIt is recommended to administer vancomycin every 12 hours except that HUGE is greater than 7.34 which is recommended once daily. The values obtained in the validation phase equalize or improve PKS® method. HUGE-VAN considers multiple clinical data and not merely the estimated value of glomerular filtration rate. For this reason, HUGE-VAN is presented like a promising alternative for the vancomycin dosing in patients older than 70 years. : La población anciana precisa de un ajuste de dosis en la mayoría de fármacos, especialmente aquellos eliminados por excreción renal, como vancomicina. El valor HUGE permite diferenciar la presencia o ausencia de enfermedad renal crónica en mayores de 70 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener una ecuación para la dosificación de vancomicina incorporando el valor HUGE como método predictivo de la dosis inicial de estos pacientes. La ecuación se diseñó en una primera fase con datos retrospectivos de 70 pacientes, seguida de una fase de validación retrospectiva con 40 pacientes, comparándose así la predicción de nuestra ecuación con el método PKS® basado en el aclaramiento de creatinina. Mediante regresión lineal múltiple se obtuvo la ecuación HUGE-VAN:/n /nSe recomienda administrar vancomicina cada 12 horas excepto si HUGE es mayor a 7,34 que se recomienda la administración una vez al día. Los parámetros obtenidos en la validación igualan o mejoran a los de PKS®. HUGE-VAN considera múltiples factores de relevancia clínica y no sólo el aclaramiento estimado de creatinina, por lo que se presenta como una alternativa prometedora en la dosificación de vancomicina en mayores de 70 años.

Oespite they are claimed as key enzymes in enzymatic delignification, very scarce information on the reaction rates between the ligninolytic versatile peroxidase (VP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) and the lignin polymer is available, due to methodological difficulties related to lignin heterogeneity and low solubility. Two water-soluble sulfonated lignins (from Picea abies and fucalyptus grandis) were chemically characterized and used to estimate single electrontransfer rates to the HzOz-activated Pleurotus eryngii VP (native enzyme and mutated variant) transient states (compounds I and 11, bearing two- and one-electron deficiencies, respectively). When the rate-limiting reduction of compound 11 was quantified by stopped-flow rapid spectrophotometry, from 4-fold (softwood lignin) to over lOO-fold (hardwood lignin) lower electron-transfer efficiencies (k3app values) were observed for the W164S variant at surface Trp164, compared with the native VP. These lignosulfonates have ~20-30% phenolic units, which could be responsible for the observed residual activity. Therefore, methylated (and acetylated) samples were used in new stopped-flow experiments, where negligible electron t ransfer to the W164S compound 11 was found. This revea/ed that the residual reduction of W164S compound 11 by native lignin was due to its phenolic moiety. Since both native lignins have a relatively similar phenolic moiety, the higher W164S activity on the softwood lignin could be due to easier access of its mono-methoxylated units for direct oxidation at the heme channel in the absence of the catalytic tryptophan. Moreover, the lower electron transfer rates from the derivatized lignosulfonates to native VP suggest that peroxidase attack starts at the phenolic lignin moiety. In agreement with the transient-state kinetic data, very low structural modification of lignin, as revealed by 20 NMR, was obtained during steady-state treatment (up to 24 h) of native lignosulfonates with the W164S variant compared with native VP and, more importantly, this activity disappeared when nonphenolic lignosulfonates were used. Interestingly, similar results were obtained for Phanerochaete chrysosporium LiP, the most thoroughly investigated ligninolytic enzyme. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the surface tryptophan conserved in most LiPs and VPs is strictly required for oxidation of the nonphenolic moiety, which represents the major and more recalcitrant part of the lignin po/ymer.

Chemithermomechanical (CTMP) processing of lignocellulosic materials can be used as an efficient pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials. This type of process has been largely used in the mechanical pulping industry with currently available equipment and robust technology. The use of alkaline sulfite in this process provides selective lignin removal up to 50% delignification, which has been proved efficient to decrease recalcitrance of the pretreated materials. The current work evaluates sugarcane bagasse pretreatment by alkaline sulfite CTMP processing. Solids yield after processing with increasingly chemical loads (from 1.25% to 10% sulfite) were in the range of 87% to 82%, respectively. The most severe pretreated sample was completely hydrolyzed by 10 FPU cellulases (Cellic CtecII)/g of substrate within 24 h hydrolysis. Lower chemical doses in the pretreatment provided substrates with higher recalcitrance. Mass balance of sugarcane bagasse components at the most severe condition indicated 49% and 28% of lignin and xylan removal, respectively. Under this condition, the glucan loss was limited to 4%. Besides delignification, the residual lignins appeared sulfonated after CTMP pretreatment. Both delignification and sulfonation of residual lignins resulted in significant increases in the water retention values of the pretreated material (from 134% to 244% in the untreated and severely pretreated material, respectively). 2D-NMR evaluation of the pretreated materials corroborated intense delignification with increasingly sulfite loads. Xylan side groups were progressively removed, whereas part of the original p-coumaric acid (PCA), acylating gama-OH of the lignin side chain, resisted to the most severe pretreatment condition. Direct correlations were observed for lignin removal, WRV, sulfonation of residual lignins and digestibility of the polysaccharides fraction., FAPESP 2014/06923-6