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Additional file 2. Figure S1. Bone marrow smear diagram and representative images of AML subtypes; Figure S2. Distribution of dual-center test dataset in the study; Figure S3. AMLnet diagnostic pipeline; Figure S4. Performance of the AMLnet on image and patient level in the test set; Figure S5. Visualization of AMLnet Gradients in Discriminating AML Subtypes M1, M2a, M2b, and M4; Table S1. Characteristics of patients in the developmental and dual-center test datasets; Table S2. Subtype-wise performance of AMLnet at the image level on the test set

Supplementary Material 1

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BackgroundTo describe the status quo and trends in the global burden of all cancers caused by secondhand smoke during 1990–2019.MethodsData on cancer associated with secondhand smoke were extracted from the Global Heath Data Exchange. Cancer burden was measured by cancer-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs).ResultsIn 2019, age-standardized rates of death, DALYs and YLLs among the cancer population globally caused by secondhand smoke were 1.60, 38.54 and 37.77, respectively. The proportions of these in the total cancer burden for all risk factors combined decreased slightly from 1990 to 2003 and then increased from 2004 to 2019. In 2019, >50% of the cancer burden was concentrated in men aged 55–75 years and women aged 50–70 years. Between 1990 and 2019, there was an increase in age-standardized rates of death, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs among those aged ≥70 years. The age-standardized YLDs rate attributable to secondhand smoke was higher among women; it decreased in men but increased in women, causing a wider gap between the sexes. A greater cancer burden was mainly seen in North America in 1990 and Europe in 2019. Reductions in the annual rate change of cancer burden were found mainly in North America and Oceania, while increases were found in Africa and Asia. In 2019, high–middle- and middle-SDI countries had higher age-standardized rates of deaths, DALYs, YLDs and YLLs than the global level. During 1990 and 2019, the largest decline in cancer burden was seen in high-SDI countries, while middle- or low-SDI countries experienced increases in all age-standardized rates.ConclusionsCancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke is concerning given the increasing health loss and differences in distribution of cancer burden worldwide. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of disparities in cancer burden attributable to secondhand smoke and to improve understanding of the contribution of secondhand smoke to the burden of different types of cancer.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) plays crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle and transcription that are tightly associated with cancer development and metastasis. The recent identification of the first covalent inhibitor which possesses high specificity against CDK7 prompts intense studies on designing highly selective CDK7 inhibitors and exploring their applications in cancer treatments. This review summarizes the latest biological studies on CDK7 and reviews the development of CDK7 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical evaluations, along with the prospects and potential challenges in this research area. CDK7 is an attractive anticancer target, and the discovery and development of CDK7 inhibitors has received much attention.

It has been claimed in Aldous, Miermont and Pitman [PTRF, 2004] that all L\'evy trees are mixings of inhomogeneous continuum random trees. We give a rigorous proof of this claim in the case of a stable branching mechanism, relying on a new procedure for recovering the tree distance from the graphical spanning trees that works simultaneously for stable trees and inhomogeneous continuum random trees.

Supplementary Material 2

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. Definitions and coding forms of risk factors of dyslipidemia investigated in ESECC trial from rural Hua County, China. Supplement Table 2. Selected demographic and behavioral characteristics in three analytical approaches. Supplementary Figure 1. Estimates of association of undernutrition and risk of low HDL-C in pooled analysis and subgroup analysis*. Supplementary Figure 2. Association of undernutrition and dyslipidemia stratified by BMI groups in three analytic approaches*. Supplementary Figure 3. Association of undernutrition and high status of dyslipidemia stratified by gender in three analytic approaches*.

We consider a natural model of inhomogeneous random graphs that extends the classical Erd\H os-R��nyi graphs and shares a close connection with the multiplicative coalescence, as pointed out by Aldous [AOP 1997]. In this model, the vertices are assigned weights that govern their tendency to form edges. It is by looking at the asymptotic distributions of the masses (sum of the weights) of the connected components of these graphs that Aldous and Limic [EJP 1998] have identified the entrance boundary of the multiplicative coalescence, which is intimately related to the excursion lengths of certain L��vy-type processes. We, instead, look at the metric structure of these components and prove their Gromov-Hausdorff-Prokhorov convergence to a class of random compact measured metric spaces that have been introduced in a companion paper. Our asymptotic regimes relate directly to the general convergence condition appearing in the work of Aldous and Limic. Our techniques provide a unified approach for this general "critical" regime, and relies upon two key ingredients: an encoding of the graph by some L��vy process as well as an embedding of its connected components into Galton-Watson forests. This embedding transfers asymptotically into an embedding of the limit objects into a forest of L��vy trees, which allows us to give an explicit construction of the limit objects from the excursions of the L��vy-type process. The mains results combined with the ones in the other paper allow us to extend and complement several previous results that had been obtained via regime-specific proofs, for instance: the case of Erd\H os-R��nyi random graphs obtained by Addario-Berry, Goldschmidt and B. [PTRF 2012], the asymptotic homogeneous case as studied by Bhamidi, Sen and Wang [PTRF 2017], or the power-law case as considered by Bhamidi, Sen and van der Hofstad [PTRF 2018]., 81 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1804.05871

This letter presents an extended compressive tracking algorithm to increase the stabilization and robustness in scale variation, rotation, and illumination variation. The features are extracted from the Gaussian differential graphs and taken as input signals of compressive sensing. In order to reduce the computational cost, the operating area is narrowed down to the region of interest. The algorithm utilizes a naive Bayes classifier to get N candidate target locations with N highest classifying scores. Their weighted multiframe cosine similarities with the ground truth object from the initial frame and the most similar object in some adjacent frame are calculated to find the target location in current frame. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over some state-of-the-art tracking algorithms. It also can efficiently meet the needs of real-time tracking.

Upgrading gasoline taxis to electric taxisis an important measure to achieve energy-saving and emission-reduction targets. Based on Santana taxis in Shanghai, a set ofelectric taximodels with 15-100kWh batteries are built and simulated by Advisor which is secondarily developed. Comparative analysis between electric taxis and Santana taxis is made from the viewpoint of lifecycle cost and “Well to Wheel”emissions. Besides, optimal capacity of batterieson electric taxis is discussed. Results show that electric taxiswith 60kWh batteries could satisfy power requirements and achieve optimal economy and emissions.

Compared with traditional underwater cameras, the detection distance of underwater range-gated imaging can be increased by 2-3 times. Furthermore, based on this technology, fast high-resolution 3D imaging can be achieved. It has great potentials in underwater target detection and recognition, automatic navigation, marine scientific research and natural resources exploration. Although range-gated imaging can suppress the backscattering noise by space slicing, and achieve higher quality images, the backscattering noise of the sampling water volume still exists in gated images, resulting in low image signal-to-noise ratio and contrast, especially for distant targets or low reflectance targets. This paper systematically introduced author's research of deblurring methods for 2D and 3D range-gated imaging. In 2D imaging, two methods were proposed:the first was an algorithm of self-adaptive double-plateau histogram equalization to improve image contrast and better meet human vision; the second was to use a water-noise-reference denoising algorithm to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of target gated images. In 3D imaging, there were also two methods proposed:one was to use the water-noise-reference denoising algorithm for 3D reconstruction, and the other was to use the threshold-dependent joint bilateral filter algorithm for enhancing 3D images. The four proposed methods can be used independently or in combination for denoising enhancement of underwater range gated imaging.

Diverse natural products are synthesized in plants by specialized metabolic enzymes, which are often lineage-specific and derived from gene duplication followed by functional divergence. However, little is known about the contribution of primary metabolism to the evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Betalain pigments, uniquely found in the plant order Caryophyllales, are synthesized from the aromatic amino acid l-tyrosine (Tyr) and replaced the otherwise ubiquitous phenylalanine-derived anthocyanins. This study combined biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic analyses, and uncovered coordinated evolution of Tyr and betalain biosynthetic pathways in Caryophyllales. We found that Beta vulgaris, which produces high concentrations of betalains, synthesizes Tyr via plastidic arogenate dehydrogenases (TyrAa /ADH) encoded by two ADH genes (BvADHα and BvADHβ). Unlike BvADHβ and other plant ADHs that are strongly inhibited by Tyr, BvADHα exhibited relaxed sensitivity to Tyr. Also, Tyr-insensitive BvADHα orthologs arose during the evolution of betalain pigmentation in the core Caryophyllales and later experienced relaxed selection and gene loss in lineages that reverted from betalain to anthocyanin pigmentation, such as Caryophyllaceae. These results suggest that relaxation of Tyr pathway regulation increased Tyr production and contributed to the evolution of betalain pigmentation, highlighting the significance of upstream primary metabolic regulation for the diversification of specialized plant metabolism., NERC (NE/K009303/1), BBSRC (via University of York) (POC-OCT15-02)

Inpainting of degraded images due to motion blurring is one challenging problem in digital image processing. Many techniques on blind motion-blurred images have emerged in the literatures. One promising approach is to restore the clear image by using multiple images captured from the scene. However, the existing inpainting approaches via multiple images use the uniform model to restore the clear image, ignoring the fact that the uniform inpainting model to one type of blurred images does not imply that it is practical to the other type. In this paper, we propose different image inpainting models for different types of multiple blind motion-blurred images via multi-scale tight wavelet frame after roughly classifying the degraded images to texture and piecewise smooth images, and give the experimental results which show that the proposed method can not only improve the quality of different types of motion-blurred images, but remove the motion blurred image noise effectively.

An eigenvalue selection optimization method for Chinese liquors discrimination using electronic nose (e-nose) was proposed in this paper. Experiments on 13 Chinese liquors were conducted and e-nose responses were recorded. Eigenvalues of e-nose responses were selected and used in principal component analysis (PCA). The Chinese liquors were partially discriminated. The e-nose responses were analyzed by stochastic resonance method and systematic output signal-to-noise ratio eigenvalues were selected for PCA analysis. Experimental results demonstrated that the eigenvalue optimization improved the Chinese liquors discrimination results. This discussed method provided a promising way for food quality and safety examinations based on artificial olfactory system.

A beef strip loins (Musculus longissimus lumborum) freshness determination method utilizing electronic nose (e-nose) was investigated in this paper. Fresh beef strip loins samples were stored at 4°C continuously for 10 days. Total viable count (TVC) index, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) index, and e-nose responses to beef strip loins samples were measured every day. TVC and TVB-N index rose with the increase of storage time. Principal component analysis (PCA) only partially discriminated beef samples under different storage days. Stochastic resonance (SR) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) spectrum discriminated all beef samples successfully. Beef strip loins freshness discrimination model was developed using SR SNR maximums (SNRmax) linear fitting regression. The proposed method forecasted beef freshness with high accuracy. It is holds promise in meat freshness determination applications.

Ridgetail white prawns, Exopalaemon carinicauda, storage time rapid determination method based on electronic nose was investigated in this paper. Prawns were stored at 4 °C for 9 days. Each day, electronic nose responses, and total volatile basic nitrogen index were measured during the storage period. Total volatile basic nitrogen index provided a freshness standard according to China standard protocols. Signal-to-noise ratio spectrum calculated by stochastic resonance discriminates prawn samples under different storage days successfully. Prawns' storage time determination model was developed based on signal-to-noise ratio eigenvalues. Validating experiments demonstrated that this model predicted prawn storage time with an accuracy of 90 %. Prawn freshness critical value −82.77066 was also obtained by referring to total volatile basic nitrogen index and the developed model. This method is promising in seafood freshness evaluation.

We comment on the recent Letter by Xu and Wang et al. [Opt. Lett. 41, 2430 (2016)] in which an approach of quantitative phase extraction in dual-wavelength in-line phase-shifting interferometry (DWILPSI) was proposed. It is noted that a special phase shift is used, which more or less embarrasses its practical operation. We wish to show that the same result can also be reached by combining the generalized phase-shifting algorithm and the least-square algorithm, in which the phase shift can be chosen randomly. In addition to maintaining high accuracy and rapid processing speed of the DWILPSI method, the proposed method greatly facilitates its application in actual measurement.

In order to completely eliminate, or greatly reduce the number of phase wraps in 2D wrapped phase map, Gdeisat et al. proposed an algorithm, which uses shifting the spectrum towards the origin. But the spectrum can be shifted only by an integer number, meaning that the phase wraps reduction is often not optimal. In addition, Gdeisat's method will take much time to make the Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, select and shift the spectral components. In view of the above problems, we proposed an improved method for phase wraps elimination or reduction. First, the wrapped phase map is padded with zeros, the carrier frequency of the projected fringe is determined by high resolution, which can be used as the moving distance of the spectrum. And then realize frequency shift in spatial domain. So it not only can enable the spectrum to be shifted by a rational number when the carrier frequency is not an integer number, but also reduce the execution time. Finally, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is feasible., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1604.07231

Based on the statistical characteristics of satellite link error rate,this paper proposed a new link directly monitoring technology using variable length sequence.Using the analysis of bit error rate segmentation strategy and statistical principles of statistical confidence,the monitoring method determined the sequence of the link selection criteria through the training sequence length,the error simulation accuracy and reliability of monitoring and statistical analysis.Experimental results show that link directly monitoring technology using variable length sequence is effective to improve the range of link monitoring and reduce the computational complexity under a certain premise of the channel resources.It has certain advantages in the satellite to link monitoring.