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As a typical hole-doped cuprate superconductor, Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ (Bi2212) carrier doping is mostly determined by its oxygen content. Traditional doping methods can regulate its doping level within the range of hole doping. Here we report the first application of CaH 2 annealing method in regulating the doping level of Bi2212. By continuously controlling the anneal time, a series of differently doped samples can be obtained. The combined experimental results of x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, resistance and Hall measurements demonstrate that the CaH 2 induced topochemical reaction can effectively change the oxygen content of Bi2212 within a very wide range, even switching from hole doping to electron doping. We also found evidence of a low-T c superconducting phase in the electron doping side., 7pages,3 figures and Supplementary Material 3pages,3 figures

The microstructure, electrochemical corrosion behaviour and microhardness of Fe1.5CoNiCrCux (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and an electrochemical workstation. The XRD spectra of Fe1.5CoNiCrCux HEAs confirmed the face-centred cubic solid solution structure and that all specimens consisted of an fcc matrix and a Cu-rich fcc phase. The results of electrochemical corrosion tests showed that Fe1.5CoNiCrCu0.5 HEAs exhibited low corrosion rates owing to their high corrosion potential and low corrosion current density. The major types of corrosion for Fe1.5CoNiCrCux HEAs belong to localised corrosion and pitting, which is attributed to Cu-rich and Cr-depleted phases in the interdendritic region. The microhardness of Fe1.5CoNiCrCux HEAs increases from 142 HV for alloys with x = 0.5 to 190 HV for alloys with x = 2.0.

As a typical hole-doped cuprate superconductor, Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+{\delta} (Bi2212) carrier doping is mostly determined by its oxygen content. Traditional doping methods can regulate its doping level within the range of hole doping. Here we report the first application of CaH 2 annealing method in regulating the doping level of Bi2212. By continuously controlling the anneal time, a series of differently doped samples can be obtained. The combined experimental results of x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, resistance and Hall measurements demonstrate that the CaH 2 induced topochemical reaction can effectively change the oxygen content of Bi2212 within a very wide range, even switching from hole doping to electron doping. We also found evidence of a low-T c superconducting phase in the electron doping side., Comment: 7pages,3 figures and Supplementary Material 3pages,3 figures

The salt corrosion environment has direct degradation to durability of asphalt mixture and dynamic water also has an important influence on asphalt pavement performance. In order to evaluate the performance of asphalt mixture exposed to dynamic water and chlorine salt erosion, the asphalt mixture dynamic water-salt erosion apparatus was self-designed and the test parameters were reasonably set for the accelerated simulation of chlorine salt-water-temperature-load coupling action to asphalt mixture under real working conditions. Splitting test (25 °C and −10 °C) was adopted for assessing the performance of asphalt mixture suffered from chlorine salt-water-temperature-load coupling action. Then the grey entropy method was applied to analyze the significance of influencing factors on the performance of asphalt mixture such as dynamic water scouring times, temperature, salt solution concentration. Then the mechanism of performance deterioration of asphalt mixture was explored to some extent. The results show that the process of chlorine salt erosion and deterioration to asphalt mixture is accelerated by dynamic water and is closely related to the concentration and temperature of salt solution. Scouring times is the most significant factor influencing the performance of asphalt mixture exposed to dynamic water and chlorine salt erosion. The crystallization erosion caused by salt solution infiltrating into the voids and cracks of asphalt mixture is an important inducement for the performance deterioration.

This article presents a study evaluating the adhesion properties between asphalt and calcined bauxite. Limestone and granite were also compared with calcined bauxite. For this purpose, asph...

Bismuth (Bi) has been known as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction reaction. Stable free-standing two-dimensional Bi monolayer (Bismuthene) structures have been predicted theoretically, but never realized experimentally. Here, we show the first simple large-scale synthesis of free-standing Bismuthene, to our knowledge, and demonstrate its high electrocatalytic efficiency for formate (HCOO−) formation from CO2 reduction reaction. The catalytic performance is evident by the high Faradaic efficiency (99% at −580 mV vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE)), small onset overpotential (, Stable free-standing two-dimensional Bi monolayer (Bismuthene) structures have been predicted theoretically, but never realized experimentally. Here, the authors show a large-scale synthesis of free-standing Bismuthene and its electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to formate.

The electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to carbon monoxide (CO) is the basis for the further synthesis of more complex carbon-based fuels or attractive feedstock. Single-atom catalysts have unique electronic and geometric structures with respect to their bulk counterparts, thus exhibiting unexpected catalytic activities. A nitrogen-anchored Zn single-atom catalyst is presented for CO formation from CO2RR with high catalytic activity (onset overpotential down to 24 mV), high selectivity (Faradaic efficiency for CO (FECO ) up to 95 % at -0.43 V), remarkable durability (>75 h without decay of FECO ), and large turnover frequency (TOF, up to 9969 h-1 ). Further experimental and DFT results indicate that the four-nitrogen-anchored Zn single atom (Zn-N4 ) is the main active site for CO2RR with low free energy barrier for the formation of *COOH as the rate-limiting step.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal behavior and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the Fe67Nb5B28 metallic glasses prepared by melt-spinning method. DSC traces exhibit that the crystallization takes place through a single exothermic reaction, and it processes a good thermal stability in thermodynamics. The activation energies for nucleation and grain growth processes were calculated to be 536 ± 22 and 559 ± 20 kJ mol−1 by Kissinger equation, respectively, and 551 ± 24 and 574 ± 20 kJ mol−1 by Ozawa equation, respectively. It means that the grain growth process is more difficult than the nucleation process. The variation of local Avrami exponent n(x) with crystallized fraction x demonstrates that the crystallization mechanism varies at different stages. The n(x) is larger than 2.5 at the initial stage of 0

In order to ensure the safety of traffic, asphalt pavement is commonly required to utilize aggregates with excellent anti-abrasion property. This results in the lack of high-quality aggregates. The incorporation of solid waste in the aggregates is regarded as a high potential alternative for solving this problem. Since its material properties, such as rough surface, high Polished Stone Value (PSV) and the excellent adhesion property of asphalt, Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag can effectively improve the skid resistance of asphalt mixtures. First, the material properties of BOF slag are reviewed in this study. Then, the skid resistance of asphalt mixtures and aggregates are commendably evaluated by the Polished Stone Value test, Wehner/Schulze Tester, Aachen Polishing Machine, British Pendulum Test and Sand Patch test. The physical and mechanical properties of BOF slag play a key role in asphalt mixtures. This review found that the skid resistance mechanism of the BOF slag asphalt mixture is governed by factors such as BOF slag properties, incorporation methods and gradation types. Finally, the economic and environmental benefits of BOF slag asphalt mixtures were discussed. In addition, the function of gas catalysis and the melting of ice and snow can be added to the BOF slag asphalt mixture for a cleaner development in engineering. Furthermore, the existing problems, research directions and corresponding measures in this field are directed towards more durable and functional asphalt pavement construction.

The application of top-grade calcined bauxite to improve the skid resistance of pavement surface coatings increases construction costs and causes excessive tire wear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the polishing behavior of different grades of calcined bauxite aggregate. The polished stone value of calcined bauxite was measured after the standard polishing time and the extended polishing time. The Los Angeles (L.A.) abrasion and the crushing value, profile roughness, hardness, X-ray diffraction, and micromorphology were also tested. The results showed that the calcined bauxite above 75# (the ratio of corundum to mullite by weight, C/M &gt, 1) satisfied the requirement of the ultra-thin friction course. Compared with basalt, the calcined bauxite above 80# (C/M &gt, 3) has better long-term skid resistance, even though the pavement surface is subject to heavier traffic. Due to the higher cohesion of lower porosity, more hard minerals to keep the surface roughness, and less soft minerals to smooth the surface roughness, calcined bauxite with a higher corundum content has the better skid resistance. There is a power law relationship between C/M and Polished Stone Value (PSV). Considering the diminishing returns of higher-grade calcined bauxite, it is necessary to accurately select the appropriate C/M of calcined bauxite before use in pavement surface coatings.

With the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have emerged as one of the most promising candidates in the fields of chemistry, material science, physics, and nanotechnology due to their unique physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. In this Review, we briefly introduce the general synthetic strategies applied to 2D nanomaterials, followed by describing some important and newly developed members of the 2D family. Then, we discuss in detail the engineering strategies to enhance their intrinsic performance for extensive applications among the electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage, and bioimaging. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in these fields are also addressed.

To evaluate the feasibility of using activated coal gangue (ACG) as replacement of mineral filler in asphalt mixture, some properties of asphalt mastic containing ACG were investigated in this paper, compared with the traditional limestone mineral filler (LMF). The investigated mastic consisted of asphalt and filler at a mass ratio of 1:1. Cone penetration test (CPT), Dynamic Shear Rheometer test (DSR), Brookfield viscosity test (BVT) and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) were applied to research the shear resistance rheological property, rutting resistance, high-temperature viscosity characteristics and low-temperature property of asphalt mastic. With the application of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), the mechanism of ACG imposed on asphalt mastic was analyzed. Results indicate the possibility of ACG as inorganic filler derived from solid waste to improve the performance of asphalt. The ACG has better effect on improving the shear strength and temperature sensitivity of asphalt mastic than LMF. Besides, ACG has positive effect on high-temperature properties while some negative effect on low-temperature properties of asphalt mastic. The results also indicate that the physical adsorption between the ACG filler and asphalt binder is the main mode of action.

Reasonable matching with each accessories’ mechanical adaptability of anchor bolting system is the basis for the protection of support effect in roadways. In this paper, taking Huozhou mine area for example, load process of four kind of bolt bars with different spec, bearing capacity of circular pallets, and transformation test of bolts pretension moment were compared and analyzed by loading method in laboratory. The results show that, pallet arch structure significantly impact on its bearing capacity. the two kind spec of circular pallets’ bearing capacity were not sufficient to match tensile force requirements of the high strength bolt, the pallet arch height needs to increase to meet the high load demand. Various anti-friction components significantly improve pretension transformation for bolt moment, in which, nylon gasket can increase the conversion efficiency with more than 30%, and the steel ball bearing with one multiple nearly.

Tight reservoirs normally have production problems due to very low matrix permeability and different damage mechanisms during drilling, completion and stimulation operations. These reservoirs have small pore throat size with significant capillary pressure energy suction that imbibes and holds liquid in the capillary pores. Such residues from Guar after gel breaks cause formation damage and low conductivity, and it can significantly reduce well productivity even in tight gas reservoirs. This paper presents a new cellulose derivative of instant dissolution and free of residue. The field test results of the new fluid in tight gas reservoirs in China show importance of minimizing formation damage in a hydraulic fracturing stimulation. Otherwise, the well productivity improvement may not be achieved in the case of excessive residues into formation during hydraulic fracturing operations. A new fluid has been applied in 18 wells in western China and the results show that the new fluid was easy to prepare and rapidly dissolved with no "fish eye", this system can reach 97% of the peak viscosity within 2 minutes, and the surface tension of the gel breaking liquid is 18.44 mN/m. No residue was found after the gel was broken, its conductivity was improved, and the formation damage is less than 13% in the core test. Meanwhile it has excellent properties of proppant suspension. Gas production in multiple wells of the tight gas reservoir increased to 2.13×105 m3/d after stimulation with the new fluid, 4.2 times higher than similar groups of wells using Guar-based fracturing fluids.

The soft magnetic properties of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys are determined by their grain size. In the present article, the (Fe0.4Co0.6)79Nb3B18 nanocrystalline alloys have been successfully prepared by isothermal annealing. The variation of soft magnetic properties as a function of annealing temperature and incubation time is investigated in detail. Two distinct crystallization behaviors were found for the (Fe0.4Co0.6)79Nb3B18 alloys. The initial nanocrystallization products comprise a mixture of &alpha, Fe(Co), Fe2B, and Fe23B6-type crystalline metastable phases, and the final crystallization products are composed of &alpha, Fe(Co), Fe2B, and Fe3B crystalline phases. The grain size decreases first and then increases with the increasing annealing temperature in the range of 764&ndash, 1151 K, and a fine grain size with mean grain size of 12.7 nm can be achieved for alloys annealed at 880 K. As the annealing temperature increases from 764 K to 1151 K, the saturation magnetization increases first and then decreases without a significant increase of the coercivity. The alloys annealed at 880 K exhibit the optimized soft magnetic properties with high Ms of 145 emu g&minus, 1 and low Hc of 0.04 Oe.

To acquire the baselines of key performance indicators (KPI) which are critical for the real-time performance monitoring (RTPM), an improved time series prediction approach is proposed based on support vector machines (SVM). Considering the characteristics of the KPI time series, wavelet multi-resolution is carried before modeling by SVM, and the result is the sum of prediction values of each branch. Experimental results show that the prediction is of high precision.

Alkaline diagnesis is a diagenetic process that a reservoir undergoes under an alkaline environment. Because of the influence of alkaline formation water, the most typical characteristics of diagnesis is that quartz is obviously dissolved, feldspar is massively enlarged, and less late carbonate cement is formed in the evolution of carbonate minerals. With the decrease of the alkalinity of the formation water in diagenesis, the quartz overgrowths become common. The change in the chemical characteristics of the formation water leads to a more complex distribution of reservoir porosity at different depths than that of the secondary porosity formed by classical acidic water. It also makes the B stage of early diagenesis the important development period of secondary porosity.

To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murr..Isolation and purification were carried out on macroporous resin column, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.Nine compounds were isolated and identified as N-mono-cinnamoyl-putrescine (1), petunidin-3-trans-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside (2), 4-(p-cumaroyl) -methyl-L-rhamnoside (3), p-coumarinic acid (4), ferulic acid (5), rutin (6), quercetin (7), protocatechuric acid (8), malvidin (9).Compound 1 - 9 are obtained from Lycium ruthenicum for the first time.

To evaluate the changes of anterior segment configuration after surgical peripheral iridectomy (SPI) in patients with primary acute angle closure glaucoma (PAACG) by using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).This retrospective self control study consisted of thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients with PAACG who were consecutively recruited in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. The peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) of these patients was less than 5 clock time point. Central anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris area (TISA), angle recess area (ARA), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and crystalline lens rise (CLR) were measured using AS-OCT before and one month after SPI.After SPI, AOD (0.125 ± 0.072) µm, TISA (0.091 ± 0.041) mm(2), ARA (0.095 ± 0.042) mm(2), ACA (14.230 ± 2.000) mm(2) and ACV (90.074 ± 16.796) mm(3) were significantly increased compared with before SPI AOD (0.088 ± 0.078) µm, TISA (0.050 ± 0.048) mm(2), ARA (0.059 ± 0.057) mm(2), ACA (12.332 ± 2.457) mm(2), ACV (73.131 ± 16.976) mm(3) (t = -8.015 to 1.066, P = 0.001 to 0.044), respectively. There were no significantly changes in ACD, ACW and CLR (t = -1.505 to 0.516, P = 0.102 to 0.609).PAACG can be controlled by SPI resulting in an increase of AOD, TISA, ARA, ACA and ACV, but not ACD or CLR.

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of aerial parts of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. METHOD Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULT Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-maackiain (1), brevifolin (2), 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavanone (3), daidzein 4',7-diglucoside (4), genistein 4', 7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside (5), isolupalbigenin (6), ononin (7), beta-sitosterol (8), beta-daucosterol (9). CONCLUSION Compounds 2, 4 - 6 were obtained from the genus Ammopiptanthus for the first time.

To prepare nanospheres coupled with the anti-human liver cancer monoclonal antibody HAb18 and evaluate its immunoreactivity and antitumor effects.The nanosphere coupled with the antibody was prepared by intermolecular cross-linking the anti-human liver cancer monoclonal antibody, HAb18, with human serum albumin nanospheres containing ADM [termed HAS(ADM)-NS] via a new hetero-bifunctional cross-linker SPDP. Condensation test and immunofluorescence assay were used to evaluate the immunoreactivity of the nanospheres, and specific binding of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS with liver cancer cell line SMMC-7721 was observed with optical and electron microscopes. The specific cytotoxic effects on the target cells were evaluated in vitro by MTT assay. HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS, HAS(ADM)-NS and ADM were injected separately into nude mice bearing human liver carcinoma to evaluate the inhibitory activity of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS in vivo.The immunoreactivity of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS was well preserved. HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS could bind specifically with the SMMC-7721 cells. The IC(50) of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS against SMMC-7721 cells was 44.6 microg/ml, lower than that of HAS(ADM)-NS (345.5 microg/ml) and ADM (365.5 microg/ml). The inhibition rate of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS on the growth of liver cancer xenografts was significantly higher than that of HAS(ADM)-NS and ADM (P0.001).HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS has immunoreactivity and can actively and specifically target the liver cancer cells. The antitumor activity of HAb18-HAS(ADM)-NS is significantly higher than that of HAS(ADM)-NS and ADM.

To evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) of normal subjects, patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).One hundred and forty-three eyes of 143 normal subjects, 36 eyes of 36 patients with POAG, 39 eyes of 39 patients with NTG and 40 eyes of 40 patients with OHT were enrolled. CCT were measured by OCT3 and analyzed using ANOVA. The relationship of CCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry were analyzed by linear regression. The inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of CCT measurement by OCT were analyzed by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).The average CCT of normal subjects, patients with POAG, NTG and OHT were (525.31 +/- 32.18) microm, (531.87 +/- 31.58) microm, (507.61 +/- 21.56) microm and (574.09 +/- 27.84) microm, respectively. There was no significant difference between normal subjects and patients with POAG (P = 0.099). The average CCT of OHT patients was larger than those of other groups (P0.001). The average CCT of patients with NTG was less than those of other groups (P0.001). There was positive relationship between CCT and IOP in normal subjects (r = 0.318, R2 = 0.101, P0.001). The ICC of inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of CCT measurement by OCT were 0.995 and 0.996 respectively.Central corneal thickness could be measured by OCT accurately. The average CCT in the patients with NTG was thinner, but the average CCT in the patients with OHT was thicker than that of normal subjects. CCT could affect IOP measurement in the application of Goldmann applanation tonometry but with little significant.

The hydrogenous diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited on Si substrates using pulsed glow discharge method are investigated using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. The UV Raman spectrum for excitation wavelength is 325 nm. UV Raman is particularly useful for hydrogenous DLC, as it gives clear measurements in the D and G peak spectral region even for highly hydrogenated samples, for which the visible Raman spectra are overshadowed by photoluminescence. The sp3 bonding of hydrogenous DLC film can be effectively studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method, and the data from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method are compared with Raman results. It is found that G peak shows a shift to ward a higher wave under UV excitation. For the G peak, I(D)/I(G), G-FWHM and sp3, there exists a relationship among them.

AC losses of Ag-doped YBCO superconductors were measured. It is found that the ac losses of Ag-doped YBCO can be well described by Bean model when H>Hcl. When the applied field H Hcl, the ac losses will increase with the increase of Ag. The critical current density Jc is also studied. There is a better combination feature of the ac losses with the critical current density Jc between 4wt% and 5wt% of the content of Ag.