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In 4H-silicon carbide crystals, basal plane slip is the predominant deformation mechanism. However, prismatic slip is often observed in single crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method as the diameter expands to 6 inches or larger. Thermal modeling has shown that occurrence of prismatic slip is attributed to increased radial thermal gradients. While X-ray topography can be used to characterize the presence and extent of prismatic slip, the feasibility of using the chemical etching method to assess the extent of prismatic slip in an industrial setting is investigated. The distribution of scallop shaped etch pits oriented along the directions that correspond to prismatic dislocations, correlate well with the results of the thermal model that predicts the occurrence of prismatic slip dislocations. This capability of the etch pit method to characterize prismatic slip can be used to manage radial thermal gradients during PVT growth.

Background: This study examines caregivers’ use of ‘where are you going?’ in Mandarin and Taiwanese to address residents’ wandering-related actions in routine caregiving interactions. Method: Using multimodal conversation analysis, video recordings of interactions between Taiwanese residents and caregivers from Taiwan and Vietnam are analyzed. Results: ‘Where are you going?’ accomplishes the following institutional actions: this turn signals residents’ actions as problematic; simultaneously, it aims to halt residents’ actions, draw residents’ attention, and/or hold residents accountable for their actions. Residents respond in one of four ways, suggesting their distinct understandings of the same turn: [+/– halt] and [+/– account]. The caregivers’ subsequent actions indicate their institutional orientation as caregivers. In particular, helping the residents to walk or move their bodies relies on resident–caregiver collaboration. Discussion/conclusion: This study demonstrates wandering and its management from an emic (participant-oriented) perspective and presents ‘where are you going?’ as a practical non-pharmacological intervention.

A new single-degree-of-freedom quadruped robot leg walking mechanism is proposed to solve the problems of more drive elements, more complex structure and control system in existing single-leg walking mechanism. The principle scheme and structure design of the leg walking mechanism of the quadruped robot are completed according to the requirements of the foot end trajectory curve and the actual motion characteristics. The dimensions of each rod of the single-leg crank rocker mechanism to meet the “inverted D-type” motion law at the E point on the linkage are solved by using the Burmester four-rod mechanism integrated graphical method. The kinematic equations at the P point of the foot end of the proposed scheme are derived by using the kinematic analysis. By ADAMS simulation, the displacement and velocity curves at the P point of the foot end can well meet the requirements of the foot end movement law. The present methodology can not only achieve the goal of less driving elements and more simple design in single-leg walking mechanism, and can well meet the requirements of walking stability and smoothness of motion.

Taking the non-standardized internal structural dimension parameters of rolling bearings as the design variable, the constrained optimization mathematical model of tapered roller bearings under the maximum target of basic static load rating and basic dynamic load rating has been established. Optimization results of the mathematical model have been obtained by using the improved multi-objective genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. After the above-mentioned methods were used to the optimization of the tapered roller bearing on the high-speed shaft of a 750 kW wind turbine gearbox, its basic rated static load and basic rated dynamic load can be increased by 15 % and 17 % compared with its standard value. Thus, the proposed methods are feasible and reliable, and has certain application value for improving the bearing performance and prolonging its service life.

Structural and compositional inhomogeneity is common in zeolites and considerably affects their properties. Thickness-limited lateral resolution, lack of depth resolution, and electron dose-constrained focusing limit local structural studies of zeolites in conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate that a multislice ptychography method based on four-dimensional scanning TEM (4D-STEM) data can overcome these limitations. Images obtained from a ~40-nanometer-thick MFI zeolite exhibited a lateral resolution of ~0.85 angstrom that enabled the identification of individual framework oxygen (O) atoms and the precise determination of the orientations of adsorbed molecules. Furthermore, a depth resolution of ~6.6 nanometers allowed probing of the three-dimensional distribution of O vacancies, as well as the phase boundaries in intergrown MFI and MEL zeolites. The 4D-STEM ptychography can be generally applied to other materials with similar high electron-beam sensitivity.

Toll-gates are crucial points of management and key congestion bottleneck for the freeway. In order to avoid traffic deterioration and alleviate traffic congestion in advance, it is necessary to predict and evaluate the congestion in toll-gates scattering in large-scale region of freeway network. In this paper, traffic volume and operational delay time are selected from various traffic indicators to evaluate congestion considering the particular characteristics of the traffic flow within the toll-gate area. The congestion prediction method is designed including two modules: a deep learning (DL) prediction and a fuzzy evaluation. We propose a modified deep learning method based on graph convolutional network (GCN) structure in the fusion of dilated causal mechanism and optimize the method for spatial feature extraction by constructing a new adjacency matrix. This new AI network could process spatiotemporal information of traffic volume and operational delay time, that extracted from large-scaled toll-gates spontaneously, and predict key indicators in 15/30/60 min future time. The evaluation module is proposed based on these predicted results. Then, fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) is further modified by determining coupling weight for these two key indicators to detect congestion state. Original traffic data are obtained from the current 186 toll-gates served on the freeway network in Shaanxi Province, China. Experimental tests are carried out based on historical data of four months after preprogressing. The comparative tests show the proposed CPT-DF (congestion prediction on toll-gates using deep learning and fuzzy evaluation) outperforms the current-used other models by 6-15%. The successful prediction could extend to the real-time prediction and early warning of traffic congestion in the toll system to improve the intelligent level of traffic emergency management and guidance on the key road of disasters to some extent.

This thesis focuses on the recent popular weaving techniques in Taiwan, in order to assist novices of learning in weaving technology and to understand the connection and development of weaving techniques in Taiwan. The method of research is based on a literature survey, which investigates the historical development of each weaving technique in Taiwan. The basic steps of each weaving technique are analyzed using diagrams, and listed the points to note when making them. Finally, the materials and tools required for each weaving technique are compared and contrasted, examples of actual applications are collected and analyzed. In the conclusion section, this study compile an analysis of the difficulties when weaving and the limits of creations. Also sorted the findings and recommendations of this study, which not only provides a detailed reference for novices to learn, but also adds humanistic and historical knowledg of teaching skills, which can enhance the technological learning of various weaving educations.

Background: Young adult cancer incidence has been increasing in Taiwan, but no studies have examined their survival trends. Methods: We analyzed data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We obtained the five-year survival estimates and trends for primary invasive cancers diagnosed at 20–39 years of age from 2002 to 2014. When analyzing specific cancers, we focused on the common young adult cancers in Taiwan. For the trend analysis, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated using joinpoint Regression Program. We also obtained estimates stratified by sex or age at cancer diagnosis. Results: The five-year age-standardized relative survival for all young adult cancers combined significantly increased in Taiwan [AAPC = 1.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3%–1.5%] and the United States (AAPC = 0.4%; 95% CI, 0.3%–0.6%). Cancers occurring in both sexes had similar trend directions for both sexes. Lung and bronchus cancer, liver cancer, and leukemia had the most survival improvement in both regions. However, the five-year relative survival for cervical cancer declined in Taiwan (AAPC = −0.6%; 95% CI, -1.0% to −0.1%) and did not improve in the United States (AAPC = −0.1%; 95% CI, −0.4%–0.2%). Conclusions: Survival has improved for most but not all of the common young adult cancer types in Taiwan. Additional studies can understand why survival has not improved for certain cancer types, and examine subtype-specific survival trends. Impact: This is the first study of five-year survival trends for young adult cancers in Taiwan and the United States stratified by sex or age at diagnosis.

In recent years, the unexpected development of immune system resistance in cancer cells has initiated development for new drug therapies that combat resistant cancer cells. One important issue is the mutation of antigens, which are able to help the cancer cells avoid immune system detection. As a result, the development of effective new therapies free from these problems is still a heavy focus in the medical community. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells therapy is a new potential treatment that uses the infusion of genetically engineered immune system T-cells to recognize specific threats with the help of artificial T-cell receptors. Through extracting and engineering the blood sample of patients, foreign pathogens and cancer cells that aren’t yet able to be identified by the immune system can be recognized and detected by the CAR T-cells. This review paper aims to examine CAR T-cell treatments against ALL, focusing on the target antigens used in CAR design, variations in CAR generations, clinical trials and FDA approvals for CAR T-cells, obstacles in CAR T-cell treatments, and the best ways to overcome them.

BACKGROUND: X-ray cone-beam computed laminography (CL) is widely used for large flat objects that computed tomography (CT) cannot investigate. The rotation angle of axis tilt makes geometric correction of CL system more complicated and has more uncertain factors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate sensitivity of the geometric parameters of CL system in advance. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to objectively and comprehensively evaluate sensitivity of CL geometric parameters based on the projection trajectory. METHODS: This study proposes the Minimum Deviation Unit (MDU) to evaluate sensitivity of CL geometric parameters. First, the projection trajectory formulas are derived according to the spatial relationship of CL system geometric parameters. Next, the MDU of the geometric parameters is obtained based on the projection trajectories and used as the evaluation index to measure the sensitivity of parameters. Then, the influence of the rotation angle of the axis tilt and magnification on the MDU of the parameters is analyzed. RESULTS: At low magnification, three susceptible parameters (η, u0, v0) with MDU less than 1 (° or mm) must be calibrated accurately to avoid geometric artifacts. The sensitivity of CL parameters increases as the magnification increases, and all parameters become highly sensitive when the magnification power is greater than 10. CONCLUSION: The results of this study have important guiding significance for the subsequent further parameter calibration.

The female characters with a 46, XY karyotype, historically termed Swyer syndrome, are commonly divided into complete and partial gonadal dysgenesis. The former is completely made up of the 46, XY chromosome, while the latter results from 45, X/46, XY mosaicism. Both of them are sex chromosome disorders and are typically characterized by delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea due to disruption of the embryonic gonads into testes. In this report, we described a young female with mos 45, X [2]/46, X, psu idic (Y) (q11.2) [48] by karyotyping. Further copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) verified her chromosome alteration. The following gonadectomy and hormone replacement therapy were carried out, and the menstrual cycle recovered along with the development of bilateral breasts and uteruses. Herein, we aim to provide clinical management strategies for the patient with Swyer syndrome in clinical practice.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteric coronavirus globally, causing serious economic losses to the global pig industry since 2010. Here, a PEDV CH/Yinchuan/2021 strain was isolated in a CV777-vaccinated sow farm which experienced a large-scale PEDV invasion in Yinchuan, China, in 2021. Our results demonstrated that the CH/Yinchuan/2021 isolate could efficiently propagate in Vero cells, and its proliferation ability was weaker than that of CV777 at 10 passages (P10). Phylogenetic analysis of the S gene revealed that CH/Yinchuan/2021 was clustered into subgroup GIIa, forming an independent branch with 2020-2021 isolates in China. Moreover, GII was obviously allocated into four clades, showing regional and temporal differences in PEDV global isolates. Notably, CH/Yinchuan/2021 was analyzed as a recombinant originated from an American isolate and a Chinese isolate, with a big recombinant region spanning ORF1a and S1. Importantly, we found that CH/Yinchuan/2021 harbored multiple mutations relative to CV777 in neutralizing epitopes (S10, S1A, COE, and SS6). Homology modelling showed that these amino acid differences in S protein occur on the surface of its structure, especially the insertion and deletion of multiple consecutive residues at the S10 epitope. In addition, cross-neutralization analysis confirmed that the differences in the S protein of CH/Yinchuan/2021 changed its antigenicity compared with the CV777 strain, resulting in a different neutralization profile. Animal pathogenicity test showed that CH/Yinchuan/2021 caused PEDV-typified symptoms and 100% mortality in 3-day-old piglets. These data will provide valuable information to understand the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, evolution, and antigenicity of PEDV circulating in China.

Portfolio optimization is an essential step in the process of asset management. Studying portfolio can help people gain greater benefits after investing their assets. This paper makes a subjective analysis of the stocks in the American stock market, and finally selects six stocks from different fields, including health care, finance, public utilities, Internet software and services, non-energy minerals, and industry for portfolio analysis. This paper uses mean-variance analysis, CAPM model and Fama-French model to get the best portfolios, and analyses portfolio performance under different methods. The results show that, in the CAPM model, "GS" gets the largest weight in the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio and "AWK" gains the largest weights in the minimum variance portfolio. At the same time, in the Fama-French model, "GS" and "AWK" still get the largest weight in the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio and minimum variance portfolio, respectively. This paper will be helpful to investors who pay attention to the six areas involved in this paper.

A prior history of thyroid and non-thyroid malignancies has traditionally been an exclusion criterion in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) seeking to enroll in clinical trials. In this study, we examined the impact of prior malignancies on overall survival in patients diagnosed with ATC.In our retrospective cohort study, we identified 451 patients with ATC treated at MD Anderson between 2000-2019. Clinical and pathological information were obtained through chart review. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.A history of clinically documented prior differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was reported in 14% of patients with ATC (n=62), most commonly papillary thyroid carcinoma (81%, n=50). The median time from diagnosis of prior DTC to ATC diagnosis was 3.5 years (range: 6 months to 35 years). Concomitant DTC was found on pathology in a higher proportion of patients (52%, n=234). A history of non-thyroid cancer was reported in 23% of patients (n=102), where 19% (n=87) had one, 2% (n=10) had two, and 1% (n=5) had three prior cancers. The median time from diagnosis of prior non-thyroid cancer to ATC diagnosis was 8 years (range: 3 months to 53 years). The most common prior non-thyroid cancers were non-melanoma skin (28.4%), prostate (19.6%), and breast cancer (16.7%). In a subgroup analysis performed in patients with available tumor mutation information (n=183), the frequency of detected tumor driver mutations (BRAF, RAS, TP53) was not significantly different between patients with ATC with and without a history of prior non-thyroid cancer. On multivariate analysis after adjusting for age and overall stage, prior DTC, concomitant DTC, and prior non-thyroid cancers all had no significant impact on overall survival.The presence of prior malignancy does not significantly impact overall survival in patients with ATC. Revision of eligibility criteria for enrollment of patients with ATC into clinical trials is warranted.

The construction of tightly integrated heterostructures with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has been confirmed to be an effective way for improved hydrogen evolution. However, the reported tightly integrated MOF/COF hybrids were usually limited to the covalent connection of COFs with aldehyde groups and NH

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with ideal behavior are highly desired, because nonideal devices may overestimate the intrinsic property and yield inferior performance in applications. In reality, most polymer OTFTs reported in the literature do not exhibit ideal characteristics. Supported by a structure-property relationship study of several low-disorder conjugated polymers, here, we present an empirical selection rule for polymer candidates for textbook-like OTFTs with high reliability factors (100% for ideal transistors). The successful candidates should have low energetic disorder along their backbones and form thin films with spatially uniform energetic landscapes. We demonstrate that these requirements are satisfied in the semicrystalline polymer PffBT4T-2DT, which exhibits a reliability factor (~100%) that is exceptionally high for polymer devices, rendering it an ideal candidate for OTFT applications. Our findings broaden the selection of polymer semiconductors with textbook-like OTFT characteristics and would shed light upon the molecular design criteria for next-generation polymer semiconductors.

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of ortho-alkenyl bromobenzenes and α-aryl-α-diazoesters was realized. The reactions proceeded in moderate to excellent yields with broad substrate scope, providing a straightforward method for the synthesis of 1,1-disubstituted indenes. The reaction is thought to undergo a tandem alkenyl C–H activation/carbene insertion sequence, in which a C,C-pallada(II)cycle is the key intermediate.