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To explore the effect of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cells, and analyze its possible mechanism.NHL CA46 cell and Raji cell were treated with different concentrations of sCD40L for 48 h, CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of sCD40L on cell proliferation in vitro, flow cytometry on apoptosis and cycle of NHL cells, and Western blot on the expression of PTEN, BCL-2, and BAX in NHL cells.Compared with the control group, 4 and 8 μg/ml sCD40L could significantly inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma Raji cell and CA46 cell (P0.05). The test results of flow cytometry showed that 4 μg/ml sCD40L could significantly promote the apoptosis of CA46 and Raji cells, and significantly inhibit the S phase proportions (P0.05). Western blot results showed that sCD40L could promote the expression of PTEN and BAX, while inhibit the expression of BCL-2 (P0.05).sCD40L can promote the apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of NHL cells through the PTEN signaling pathway.可溶性CD40配体对非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞的影响及相关机制.探讨可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）对人非霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响及其可能机制.用不同浓度的sCD40L处理非霍奇金淋巴瘤CA46细胞和Raji细胞48 h，用CCK-8检测细胞增殖；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和周期；通过蛋白免疫印迹检测PTEN、BCL-2和BAX的表达.与对照组比较，4和8 μg/ml的sCD40L均能显著抑制Raji细胞和CA46细胞的增殖（P0.05）。流式细胞术检测凋亡和细胞周期结果显示，4 μg/ml的sCD40L能显著促进CA46和Raji细胞的凋亡和减少S期细胞的比例（P0.05）；蛋白免疫印迹结果显示，sCD40L能显著促进PTEN和BAX的表达，抑制BCL-2的表达（P0.05）.sCD40L抑制淋巴瘤细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡可能是通过调控PTEN信号通路实现.

To construct NOD/SCID mouse leukemia model by using THP-1 cells.Eighteen female NOD/SCID mice aged 3 to 4 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group A and model group B (6 in each group). Before inoculation, each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide 2 mg/(kg·d) for 2 d, and the mice in model groups were inoculated with cells within 24 h after pretreatment. The mice in model group were inoculated with THP-1 cell suspension in logarithmic growth phase by 1×10Pilereation, droopiness and hypkinesia could be observed from d 7 and d 10 of inoculation cells in model group. Compared with the control group, the body weight of the mice in model group A and B decreased significantly after 21 days of inoculation (P0.01), and the white blood cell counts increased significantly after 28 days of modeling (P0.01). Among them, the above-mentioned presentation in inoculation of 1×10After pretreatment with intraperitoneal injection of CTX in NOD/SCID mice, the injection of 1×10尾静脉注射THP-1 细胞构建急性髓系白血病NOD/SCID小鼠模型及其鉴定.应用THP-1细胞构建 NOD/SCID小鼠白血病模型.将18 只3-4 周龄的雌性NOD/SCID小鼠，随机分为对照、模型A和模型B 3组(每组6只)。接种前连续2 d每只小鼠给予腹腔注射环磷酰胺2 mg/(kg·d)，预处理后于24 h 内接种细胞。模型组分别经尾静脉接种对数生长期THP-1细胞悬液1×10模型组小鼠分别于接种细胞d 7和d 10开始出现竖毛、萎靡少动等现象，与对照组比较，模型A和B 2组小鼠体重于接种细胞21 d后明显下降(p＜0. 01), 建模28 d后模型组白细胞数明显升高，差异有统计学意义 (p＜0. 01) ，其中以接种1×10NOD/SCID小鼠经腹腔注射CTX预处理后，每只小鼠尾静脉注射THP-1细胞1×10

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether nuclear factor (NF)-κB Activator 1 (Act1) was involved in B cell-activating factor (BAFF) regulation in B-cell malignancy. The human B-cell malignancy cell lines Raji, Daudi and BALL-1 were cultured and the expression of BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) mRNA and protein was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. NF-κB signaling was also assessed using western blotting. Act1 silencing was performed using Act1 small interfering RNA. BAFF-R levels were assessed using flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that BAFF-R was upregulated in all three cell lines and RT-qPCR, and western blotting confirmed these results. Act1 overexpression was demonstrated to induce BAFF-R upregulation, whereas Act1 knockdown resulted in BAFF-R downregulation. Furthermore, the NF-κB pathway was activated by Act1 overexpression and inhibited following Act1 knockdown. The results of the present study demonstrated that Act1 can regulate BAFF via targeting NF-κB signaling, which suggests that Act1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancy.

Background The present study sought to investigate the combined effects of cetuximab and irinotecan on colorectal cancer cells as well as the mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer effects. Material and methods High performance liquid chromatography, Hoechst staining assay, and western blotting analysis were used to detect intracellular drug concentrations, cell apoptosis, and protein expression in the presence of cetuximab, irinotecan, and the combination of both. Results Cetuximab was found to increase intracellular concentrations of irinotecan as well as cytotoxicity by inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor and, by extension, the downstream RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Cetuximab therefore induced apoptosis and improved the effect of irinotecan in colorectal cancer cells. It was also shown that cetuximab inhibited the drug efflux activity of ABCG2. In combination with irinotecan, cetuximab can both significantly induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and improve the effects of irinotecan by decreasing drug efflux through the inhibition of ABCG2. Conclusion These features contribute to its anti-cancer potential.

Recent studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of H19 may contribute towards development of tumorigenesis in various types of cancer. To investigate the role of H19 in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 76 NSCLC tissues samples and their adjacent normal tissue samples were collected. Expression level of H19, and its association with clinicopathological features and overall survival was analyzed. It was found that compared with normal adjacent tissues, H19 expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues along with a decreased miR-203 expression level. It was also found that patients who were in advanced clinical stages had a higher H19 and a lower miR-203 expression compared to normal tissues. The overall survival time of patients with higher H19 expression was shorter compared with the lower H19 expression group. Upregulation of A549 enhanced cell proliferation and promoted invasion. Overexpression of H19 stimulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in lung cancer cells and demonstrated typical morphological characteristics of EMT. The level of mesenchymal marker protein, such as Vimentin and SNAI1 increased; while CDH1 protein level decreased. Also, H19 negatively regulated miR-203. Inhibition of H19 attenuated miR-203 induced EMT process. Upregulation of H19 contributes to poor clinical features in patients with NSCLC, induces occurrence of EMT, promotes proliferation and stimulates cell invasion in NSCLC cell line through regulating miRNA-203 mediated EMT.

An efficient method for simulating cartoon style rain in 3D environment is proposed here. By taking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPUs (graphic processing units), real-time interaction can be achieved. Splashing of raindrop is simulated using collision detection, series of stylized textures and rotations of point sprites. To simulate wind-driven raining effect, the motion of particles can be freely controlled based on Newtonian dynamics. We can also control the size of raindrops dynamically by using different textures or changing the size of point sprites. Many experiments have been done in 3D scenes with different complexity and GPU-based stylized rendering. The experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of our method for real-time rain simulation in cartoon style with complex geometries of 3D scenes.

An efficient method for rain simulation in 3D environment is proposed in this paper. By taking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPUs (Graphic Processing Units), real-time interaction can be achieved. Splashing of raindrop is simulated using collision detection, series of stylized textures and rotations of point sprites. To simulate wind-driven raining effect, the motion of particles can be freely controlled based on Newtonian dynamics. We can also control the size of raindrops dynamically by using different textures or changing the size of point sprites. To achieve living rendering of raining scenes, the effects have been applied such as lighting, DOF (depth of field). Many experiments have been done in 3D scenes with different geometries complexity and particle system complexity. The test results show that our method is efficient and is feasible to solve the problem of real-time rain simulation for 3D scenes with complex geometries.

We present an efficient method for simulation of raining phenomenon in real time by taking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPU (graphic processing unit). Our implementation of the method is based on particle systems and collision detection. Splashing of raindrop is simulated using a series of stylized textures and rotations of point sprites. Taking into account human perception in raining phenomenon of real world, the effects such as light influence, depth of field, motion blur, have been applied. The test results show that our method is efficient and is feasible to solve the problem of 3D raining simulation in real time for more general environment with complex geometry.