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Peer reviewed: True, Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the communities living in the study area for their participation. We also thank the field assistants, community health volunteers, data staff including Alphonce Oyamo, Festus Bett and Patricia Mbithe, and administrative staff, without whom, this work would not have been possible. This paper was published with the permission of the Director, KEMRI., INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic inequalities contribute to poor health. Inequitable access to diverse and healthy foods can be a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, especially in individuals of low socioeconomic status. We examined the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing practices, expenditure, and consumption in a resource-poor setting in Kenya. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline cross-sectional data from a natural experimental study with a sample size of 512 individuals from 376 households in western Kenya. Data were collected on household food sources, expenditure and food consumption. Household socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) model. Concentration indices (Ci) and multivariable linear regression models were used to establish socioeconomic inequalities. RESULTS: About half (47.9%) of individuals achieved a minimum level of dietary diversity with the majority coming from wealthier households. The two most consumed food groups were grains and roots (97.5%, n = 499) and dark green leafy vegetables (73.8%, n = 378), but these did not vary by SES. The consumption of dark green leafy vegetables was similar across wealth quantiles (Ci = 0.014, p = 0.314). Overall, the wealthier households spent significantly more money on food purchases with a median of USD 50 (IQR = 60) in a month compared to the poorest who spent a median of USD 40 (IQR = 40). Of all the sources of food, the highest amount was spent at open-air markets median of USD 20 (IQR = 30) and the expenditure did not vary significantly by SES (Ci = 0.4, p = 0.684). The higher the socioeconomic status the higher the total amount spent on food purchases. In multivariable regression analysis, household SES was a significant determinant of food expenditure [Adjusted coefficient = 6.09 (95%confidence interval CI = 2.19, 9.99)]. CONCLUSION: Wealthier households spent more money on food compared to the poorest households, especially on buying food at supermarkets. Individuals from the poorest households were dominant in eating grains and roots and less likely to consume a variety of food groups, including pulses, dairy, eggs and fruits, and vegetables. Individuals from the poorest households were also less likely to achieve adequate dietary diversity. Deliberate policies on diet and nutrition are required to address socioeconomic inequalities in food purchasing practices.

The problem with this research is that there is a tendency to decrease demand for Hemart brand cooking oil in 2018-2019. This makes it a challenge for the Hemart cooking oil product distributor company to find out the factors that influence the decline in purchases. This study aims to analyze brand image, product quality, promotion and knowledge of sales promotion on the purchasing decisions of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch. The population in this study were all consumers of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch, which amounted to 566 consumers, while the sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling and the analytical tool used in this study was multiple linear regression. The results showed that the variables of consumer confidence, consumer experience and sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch and the results of the adjusted R square value in the regression model were obtained at 0.584, which means that 58.4 percent of the purchasing decision variables can be explained by the variables of consumer confidence, consumer experience and sales promotion while the remaining 41.6 percent is explained by other variables outside of this study.

Consumers are increasingly sharing their opinions on societal issues and products online. We studied the implications of such online word-of-mouth for consumer judgement and decision-making. The case used is organic food, which is the most successful among the currently emerging, sustainability-differentiated food product categories. We first analysed the online discussion on organic food by conducting a text-mining study of reader comments (N = 63,379) from the comments section of a major German online news outlet. Topics therein are discussed with differing frequency, thereby indicating the salience of the various issues to online readers and consumers. One organic food topic of high salience (animal welfare) and one of low salience (biodiversity) were selected to investigate the behavioural relevance of salient online topics in a subsequent priming experiment (online survey of German consumers; N = 1,118). In particular, we tested whether the relative online salience of the two topics used as primes influenced the likelihood of choosing organic instead of conventional eggs and milk in a choice experiment and the acceptance of policies supporting organic farming. Although ineffective for the choice of milk, the priming worked as hypothesized regarding the choice of eggs and policy acceptance. Priming the topic with high online salience is more effective at promoting pro-organic behaviour than priming the topic with low online salience. Priming effects also depended on prime strength, attitude strength and experience with buying organic food. We discuss how insights from text mining of online word-of-mouth can be employed to promote sustainable consumption behaviour.

This study tests for the difference between Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) virtual shopping assistants in terms of consumer's usage intention, when considering allowing the assistant to help them with purchasing a reference good.

With a shift in the strategic direction of the Marine Corps due to the 38th Commandant’s Planning Guidance, should the Marine Corps shift the way it procures the systems necessary to execute Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations and Littoral Operations in a Contested Environment, namely in the procurement of a novel autonomous logistics system (ALS) that provides middle-mile logistics in a military environment? This thesis attempts to answer the following questions: Should the Marine Corps seek to procure commercial ALS via outright purchase, lease, or a hybrid of the two models? What is unique about commercial ALS that would bias a lease-versus-purchase decision one way or the other, and which aspects of such systems in the analysis could translate to similar analyses of other potential Department of Defense (DOD) systems? What are the likely challenges to a lease-based business model, and what drawbacks will need to be addressed or alleviated by the DOD and by private industry? The research includes literature and legal review, case study analysis, and comparative analysis of procurement methods. A fictional operational vignette is used to ground and explain the comparison. The recommended procurement course of action is a hybrid model, starting with a trial lease period in partnership with a manufacturer, that allows the Marine Corps to test, utilize, and analyze all aspects of a commercial ALS before deciding on a long-term business model to implement across the force. Captain, United States Marine Corps Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

PurposeDemand for fishery products rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and omega fatty acids has been increasing daily to meet the world population's increasing nutritional request, estimated to be 7.6 billion. Despite aquatic products' positive effects on human health, their consumption in Turkey has decreased over time and is currently lower than most countries with 6.3 kg per capita. The reason why fish consumption in Turkey is less than in other countries is the more preference for terrestrial production. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the consumption habits of consumers in Turkey's coastal region.Design/methodology/approachThis study was carried out between Feb–March 2018 to determine the consumption habits of aquatic products; 28 areas in the coastal regions of Turkey random were selected, 650 volunteer consumers were randomly selected to answer a set of 25 questions. The survey results were evaluated by Chi-square analysis.FindingsFrom the survey results, 81.4% of the respondents prefer to consume fish from the natural environment. Additionally, from the consumers, there was no statistical difference between natural (81.4%) and aquaculture (85.4%) fish taste (p = 0.05). It was found that 63% of the participants consumed fish meat once a week, with an average per capita consumption of 17.50 ± 2.34 and 10.50 ± 1.66 kg for fish and other seafood consumption, respectively. As a result, it was estimated that fish products were consumed at the desired level in the provinces examined. Accordingly, individuals need to be more conscious and encouraged to increase the consumption of seafood.Research limitations/implicationsBecause Turkey's seafood consumption is still held in coastal regions in this article are the limitations of this article results. In the future, the difference between inland and coastal regions for fish consumption needs to be explored further.Practical implicationsThe article says exports of fish / fisheries products have gradually decreased due to the global COVID-19 crisis, but producers / markets will have to target the domestic market more and sales with TL will come to the fore. As a result, it was estimated that fish products were consumed at the desired level in the studied provinces. Accordingly, it has been revealed that individuals should be more conscious and encouraged to increase their consumption of seafood.Social implicationsThrough this research, the consumption of fisheries consumption preferences of individuals in Turkey's coastal regions uncovered.Originality/valueOn the other hand, since Turkey's aquaculture and fisheries sector attaches great importance to foreign sales (exports), domestic consumption amounts are low, and the issue of increasing this is an issue that has remained in the background for the producer. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic period, it was well understood that the closing of the customs gates partially and/or completely and the export figures becoming scanty will cause the end of 2020 and 2021 to be more troublesome in this sense. Therefore, producers/markets will have to target the domestic market more, and sales with TL (Turkish Lira) will come to the fore, various campaigns and price reductions will be made during some special hours during the day in order to increase sales in domestic market.

The article deals with the problem of implementation of personalization in marketing communications based on empathy of brand consumers. The paper substantiates the significance of artificial intelligence in the collection and processing of a large amount of personal data of users of the online space. The article presents an analysis of the main scientific approaches of Russian and foreign authors specializing in the study of the emotional component in the construction of personalized online communications. The authors present the results of the comprehensive research of consumers’ attitude to the personalization of marketing communications based on the artificial intelligence capabilities. In the course of the study the authors consider the technologies of using artificial intelligence mechanisms in the construction of personal communications in the online environment. The article gives theoretical substantiation of the need to use the mechanism of empathy in the construction of personalized communication with consumers. The paper substantiates conclusions about the possibility to build empathic connection between brands and their consumers under the condition of activating the function of emotional contagion, the effectiveness of using the emotional state of consumers in the preparation of personalized offers. The study describes the specifics of using personalized marketing communications as a modern marketing tool, which is expressed in the impact on the identification of buyers at the subconscious level. The article presents the technologies of personalization through consumers’ attitudes towards personalized communications. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted by the authors of the article in the spring of 2020, aimed at determining the willingness of consumers to share information about their emotional states. The article makes the conclusions about the existence of consumers’ need for trusting relationship with brands based on the mechanism of empathy; about the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of personalized brand communications through the use of segmentation of consumers depending on their mood; about the benefits of using artificial intelligence technologies in marketing communications.

Research background: Currently the degradation of the environment which consumers contribute to is an important problem. Purchase behavior plays a key role as it is associated with the choice of products by consumers who are increasingly taking into account environmentally-friendly criteria. The effective implementation of marketing strategies that take into account the principles of sustainable development is possible under the condition of changes in the behavior of purchasers. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of environmentally-friendly attributes for product purchasers. Research methodology: The research was conducted among 650 Polish consumers. An online survey method was applied. Results: The study confirms that environmentally-friendly attributes do not play a primary role while choosing products. Hedonic, health and economic benefits take place before environmental benefits. For women, eco-friendly attributes were more important when choosing products, while men were more driven by economic and functional benefits. Young people are hedonists guided by taste and aesthetics, and they do not pay much attention to the environmentally-friendly attributes of products. In turn, older respondents are economical and pragmatic buyers for whom energy efficiency and product durability are of particular importance. Novelty: The research adds the value as for understanding the phenomenon of the green purchase gap, especially in developing countries where positive attitudes towards green products are not translated into real purchasing behavior. The research quotes some implication for marketing, especially for marketing communication strategies.

Amaç – Bu çalışmanın amacı, eczacıların satın alma kararına etki eden faktörlerin Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemiyle önemlerine göre sıralanmasıdır. İlaç üreticisi firmalar satış hacimlerini artırabilmek için küresel boyutta yoğun bir rekabet içindedirler. Firmaların rekabet gücünü artırabilmesi için de dikkat etmesi gereken faktörler vardır. İlaç firmalarının birbirleriyle olan rekabetinde avantaj kazanmasını sağlayan temel faktörler kârlılık, promosyon, müşteri memnuniyeti ve orijinal ilaç ile jenerik ilaç arasındaki fiyat farkıdır. Bu faktörlerin ilaç firmalarının nihai alıcısı olan eczacıların satın almasını doğrudan etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Yöntem – Çalışmada AHP yöntemi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda Ankara Keçiören’de faaliyet gösteren 10 eczane sahibine anket aracılığıyla sorular sorulmuş ve veriler elde edilmiştir. Bulgular – Analiz sonucunda eczacıların satın alma kararına etki eden faktörlerin önemlerine göre sıralaması; müşteri memnuniyeti, kârlılık, promosyon ve orijinal ilaç ile jenerik ilaç arasındaki fiyat farkı olmuştur. Buna göre en önemli faktör müşteri memnuniyetidir. Tartışma – Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan eczacıların satın almada dikkate aldıkları faktörlerin ilaç firmaları tarafından da dikkate alınması, ilaç firmalarının eczanelere daha fazla ürün satabilmesine olanak sağlayabilecektir. Çalışmada elde edilen sıralama ilaç firmalarının pazarlama stratejisi geliştirmesine destek olabilir. Bu çalışmanın sektörde karar vermeye yetkili kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından geliştirilmesi ulusal ilaç firmalarının gelişimine ve dolayısıyla ülke ekonomisine fayda sağlayabilir. Bunun yanı sıra bu çalışmada önemleri ortaya konan kriterlerin gelecek çalışmalarda ilaç firmalarının sıralanmasında kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Purpose – The aim of this study is ranking of factors effecting the purchasing decision of pharmacists according to their importance by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Drug producing companies are in a dense competition at global level in order to increase their sales volumes. In order to increase their competitiveness there are some factors the companies need to consider. The main factors providing for advantage in competition among drug companies are profitability, promotion, customer satisfaction and the price difference between original drug and generics. These factors effect directly the purchase of final purchasers of drug companies. Design/methodology/approach – In the study AHP method is used. For the purpose of the study, a survey has been conducted with 10 pharmacists in Ankara, Keçiören. Findings – As a result of the analysis the factors pharmacists take into consideration during purchase are respectively, customer satisfaction, profitability, promotion and price difference between original drug and generic drug. Accordingly the most important factor is customer satisfaction. Discussion – If pharmaceutical companies take into account the factors discussed in this study they can sell more products to pharmacies. The ranking obtained in this study can support pharmaceutical companies to develop marketing strategies. In addition it is thought that pharmaceutical companies can be ranked in future studies according the factors whose importance was revealed in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: a urbanização e migração para os grandes centros tem provocado mudanças no comportamento dos consumidores de carnes, não somente no que se refere a escolha do produto, mas também, ao processo de compra. Neste sentido, fatores como proximidade, disponibilidade do produto, e preço são relacionados como fatores que definem compras. Na tentativa de ampliar o entendimento sobre o que os consumidores consideram importante, este trabalho objetiva analisar os principais fatores associados ao consumo das carnes bovina, suína e de frango no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada em três redes distintas de hipermercados. Realizou-se uma avaliação socioeconômica dos entrevistados, seguida da aplicação de um Survey, através de sentenças afirmativas estruturadas, categorizadas em dimensões sociocultural, econômica, saúde/alimento e ambiente. As sentenças foram avaliadas através da Escala Likert de sete pontos. Os dados socioeconômicos dos entrevistados foram analisados por testes de Qui-quadrado e as respostas obtidas por meio da Escala Likert foram transformados em Mean Item Score (MIS). Resultados e Conclusões: os resultados indicaram que o controle de qualidade de exposição das carnes nos supermercados e a praticidade de encontrar o mesmo tipo de carne em vários locais são os principais influenciadores de tomada de decisão de compra pelos consumidores. ABSTRACT Objective: urbanization and migration to large centers has caused changes in the behavior of meat consumers, not only with regards to product choice based on product quality and safety, but also the purchasing process. In this sense, factors such as proximity, product availability, and price are also factors affecting the purchase choices. This work aims to analyze the main factors associated with the consumption of these meats in the Federal District, Brazil, in an attempt to broaden our understanding of what consumers consider important, and to provide guidance. Method: this research was carried out in three different hypermarket networks. A socioeconomic evaluation of the interviewees was carried out, followed by the application of a survey, through structured affirmative sentences that were categorized in sociocultural, economic, health/food and environmental dimensions. The sentences were evaluated using the seven-point Likert scale. Socioeconomic data pertaining the interviewees were analyzed by Chi-square tests and the responses obtained through the Likert scale were transformed into Mean Item Score (MIS). Results and Conclusions: the results indicate that the quality control of the meat exposed in supermarkets and the possibility of finding the same type of meat in several different places are the main factors influencing the purchasing decisions of consumers of these meats.

As the trend of privatizing agricultural advisory services grows in developing countries, the need for the systematic thinking in innovation development is of interest for private companies that are trying to introduce various technologies in the agriculture sector. We explored the factors that affect the purchasing and upscaling of the privatized agricultural advisory services. We used a mobile soil testing service offered by a private company in Kenya as a case study. Additionally, we conducted minor explorations in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Tanzania. Our study found out that, while the service with its financial arrangement seems to be accepted by farmers, the social organization of system institutions is complex because not only technical factors but also social factors influenced adoption of the service. The study is an exemplifying case of the relevance of modeling innovations as complex configurations in a dynamic system of diverse actors in a community.

The goal of the article is to describe factors influencing purchases of organic food by consumers in a selected area of the Czech Republic. We have researched and analysed reference books and studies focused on the topic to fulfil the goals of the article. Data acquired during a questionnaire survey with selected consumers was used as primary data. The impact of different factors on the purchase of organic food was researched based on an effect of demographic indicators. Hypotheses were stated to study relations among variables, and we examined the statistical importance and correlation of particular hypotheses. We used another statistical method – a decision tree – to seek connections between the variables. The results show that purchases of organic food are influenced by the price, the taste, the sense of health and the content. The connection between the researched factors and demographic indicators is usually low and statistically insignificant.

Organizāciju un menedžmenta socioloģija Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija Sociology of Organisations and Management Sociology, Politics and Anthropology Bakalaura darba “Nesertificētie mājdzīvnieku pavairotāji – cilvēku pieredze un uzskati” autore ir Laura Zariņa (2022.gads). Šī bakalaura mērķis ir noskaidrot cilvēku pieredzi un uzskatus par nesertificētajiem mājdzīvnieku pavairotājiem. Izvēlētā tēma ir aktuāla, jo ne tikai Latvijā, bet visā pasaulē tiek audzēti šķirnes mājdzīvnieki, šis darbs ir paredzēts sertificētiem un godprātīgiem audzētājiem, taču netrūkst nesertificētie pavairotāji, kas mājdzīvniekus izmanto peļņas nolūkos, nerespektējot, šīs nodarbošanās specifiku, stingros noteikumus, nodarbošanās ētiku, zināšanas un prasmes. Pēdējo gadu laikā pastiprinātāka interese par šķirnes mājdzīvnieku iegādāšanos radās “Covid-19” pandēmijas dēļ, tad arī vēl intensīvāk, kā līdz šim, sāka darboties nesertificētie pavairotāji. Pētījumā izvirzīti 2 pētnieciskie jautājumi: 1. Kāda ir Latvijas iedzīvotāju un nozaru speciālistu pieredze ar nesertificētiem mājdzīvnieku pavairotājiem? 2. Kādi ir Latvijas iedzīvotāju un nozaru speciālistu uzskati par nesertificētiem mājdzīvnieku pavairotājiem? Pētījuma veikšanai tiek izmantotas zinātniskās pētījumu metodes, kā dokumentu analīze, monogrāfiskā jeb aprakstošā metode, kvantitatīvā (interneta aptauja) un kvalitatīvā (padziļinātās ekspertu intervijas) datu ieguves metode. Aptaujas anketu aizpildīja 330 respondenti, intervijās piedalījās 3 eksperti (veterinārārsts, sertificēts mājdzīvnieku audzētājs un patversmes darbinieks). Bakalaura darbs sastāv no 2 daļām (teorētiskās un praktiskās) – teorētiskajā daļā tiek analizētas sociālās kustības, to pārmaiņas, vēsture, veidi un saistība ar dzīvnieku tiesībām, raksturotas arī šķirnes mājdzīvnieku organizācijas un likumi, kas vērsti uz mājdzīvnieku tiesībām un labturību, kā arī atšķirības starp mājdzīvnieku sertificētiem audzētājiem un nesertificētiem pavairotājiem, cilvēku iespējas identificēt šķirnes mājdzīvnieku pārdevējus un raksturotas nesertificēto pavairotāju radītās sekas. Bakalaura darba praktiskajā daļā autors ir aprakstījis un pamatojis pētījuma metodes, izlasi, apkopojis pētījuma rezultātus par Latvijas iedzīvotāju pieredzi un uzskatiem attiecībā uz nesertificētajiem mājdzīvnieku pavairotājiem. Noskaidrots un secināts, ka cilvēku pieredze ar nesertificētajiem pavairotājiem ir vairāk negatīva, cilvēki saskārušies ar daudz problēmām, uzskata, ka ir nepieciešamas vairākas pārmaiņas un regulējumi, lai sakārtotu šķirnes mājdzīvnieku pavairošanas jautājumus. Darbs sastāv no 52 lappusēm, 1 tabulas, 26 attēliem, 3 pielikumiem un 41 izmantotā informācijas avota. Atslēgvārdi: mājdzīvnieki, pieredze, uzskati, nesertificētie pavairotāji, iegāde, likumi, sociālā kustība. Author of the bachelor’s thesis “Illegal pet breeders – human experience and beliefs” is Laura Zarina. This bachelor's thesis goal is to find out people's opinions and experiences about uncertified pet breeders. The chosen topic is very relevant because not only in Latvia but also everywhere in the world pets are bred, this work is for certified and conscientious breeders, however, there isn't a lack of uncertified breeders, who use pets for financial reasons, disrespecting this professions specificity, strict rules, work ethic, knowledge and skills. In recent years the demand for bred pets has increased due to the “Covid-19” pandemic, thus now more than ever uncertified breeders have started working. The study puts forward 2 questions: 1. What are Latvia's citizen's and professional specialists' experiences with illegal pet breeders? 2. What are Latvia's citizen's and professional specialists' opinions about illegal pet breeders? The study used scientific methods such as document analysis, monographic or descriptive method, quantitative (internet survey) and qualitative (in-depth expert interviews) data acquiring methods. The questionnaire was completed by 330 participants, and 3 experts were interviewed (veterinarian, certified pet breeder and animal shelter worker). Bachelors thesis consists of 2 parts (theoretical and practical) – theoretical parts analyzes social movements, their development, history, and connection with animal rights, also describes breed pet organizations and laws which are directed at pet rights and well-being as well as the differences between certified pet breeders and illegal pet breeders. Explains the possibility for people to identify sellers of breed pets and describes the consequences of illegal breeders. In the bachelor's thesis practical part, the author describes and justifies data collection methods, selection, and compiled research results about Latvia’s population's experience and opinions regarding illegal pet breeders. It was determined and concluded that people's experience with illegal pet breeders is more negative, people have encountered a lot of problems, and believe that more changes and regulations must be made to organize pet breeding questions. The work consists of 52 pages, 1 table, 26 pictures, 3 attachments and 41 information sources. Keywords: pets, experience, opinions, beliefs, illegal pet breeders, purchase, laws, social movement.

Journal of Family Business and Management Studies, 14, 1, 129-144

In this work, a platform for the acquisition of online products is presented, where companies finally offer merchandise, so that users can buy from the comfort of their homes, taking into account that each of the parties will ensure compliance with the service. For this, the concept of smart contract is applied, which guarantees the correct execution of the agreement during the process, this based on blockchain technology, which provides confidence in the assurance of information.

Wie funktioniert der Handel für Obst und Gemüse und welche Rolle spielt dabei die Materialität? Die Autorin beschreibt die Entwicklung und spezifische Formung des Obst- und Gemüsemarktes in Deutschland. Dabei geht sie auf die Rolle von konfligierenden Qualitätskonventionen ein und zeigt, wie materielle Formen Bewertungspraktiken stabilisieren. Die Konzeption von Obst und Gemüse als Biofakte ermöglicht dabei neue Einsichten in die Organisation des Handels. So werden unterschiedliche Erwartungen verschiedener Kontexte in die Waren eingeschrieben, am Ort des Verkaufs jedoch nur selektiv sichtbar gemacht.

Manufacturers increasingly adopt health symbols, which translate overall product healthiness into a single symbol, to communicate about the overall healthiness of their grocery products. This study examines how the performance implications of adding a front-of-pack health symbol to a product vary across products. We study the sales impact of a government-supported health symbol program in 29 packaged categories, using over four years of scanner data. The results indicate that health symbols are most impactful when they positively disconfirm pre-existing beliefs that a product is not among the healthiest products within the category. More specifically, we find that health symbols are more effective for (i) products with a front-of-pack taste claim, (ii) lower priced products, and (iii) private label products. Furthermore, these results are more pronounced in healthier categories than in unhealthier categories. Our findings imply that health symbols can help overcome lay beliefs among consumers regarding a product’s overall healthiness. As such, adding a health symbol provides easy-to-process information about product healthiness for the consumer and can increase product sales for the manufacturer. ispartof: Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science vol:50 issue:1 pages:108-130 status: published

Renewable energy sources, particularly solar photovoltaic generation, now dominate generation options. Solar generation advancements have resulted in floating solar photovoltaics, also known as FSPV systems. FSPV systems are one of the fastest growing technologies today, providing a viable replacement for ground-mounted PV systems due to their flexibility and low land-space requirement. This paper presents a systematic approach for implementing a proposed FSPV–grid integrated system in Bhilai Steel Plant’s (BSP) subsections. BSP is a steel manufacturing plant located in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, and the FSPV system has the potential to generate sufficient energy by accessing two of its reservoirs. The system was simulated in HOMER Pro software, which provided the FSPV system power estimations, area requirements, net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), production summary, grid purchasing/selling, IRR, ROI, paybacks and pollutant emissions. A sensitivity analysis for a hike in PV prices globally due to a shortage in poly silicone in international markets during the fiscal year 2021–2022 was undertaken for the proposed FSPV–grid system. Here, the authors considered hikes in the PV price of 1%, 9%and 18% respectively, since the maximum percentage increase in PV prices globally is 18%. The authors also compared the proposed FSPV–grid system to the existing grid-only system for two sections of the BSP and the results obtained showed that the NPC and LCOE would be much lower in the case of the FSPV–grid system than the grid-only system. However, with changes in the percentage hike in PV prices, the NPC and LCOE were found to increase due to changes in the proportion of FSPV–grid systems in production. The pollutant emissions were the minimum in the case of the FSPV–grid system, whereas they were the highest in the case of the existing grid-only system. Furthermore, the payback analysis indicated that the minimum ROI for the above-defined construction would be fully covered in 15.81 years with the nominal 1% pricing for FSPV–grid generation. Therefore, the overall results suggest that the FSPV–grid system has the potential to be a perfect alternative solar energy source that can meet the current electrical energy requirements of the steel manufacturing industry with nominal pricing better than the existing grid-only system, as well as addressing economic constraints and conferring environmental benefits.

The aim of this study is to explore how the impact of recommendations in social media on intention to purchase varies between generations Y and Z. The research focuses on two types of online recommendations, namely online reviews and opinion leaders’ recommendations, and e-WOM, which refers to recommendations made by followers. It also aims to examine which of the two types predominates among generations. Based on various studies, a theoretical research model was developed as well as quantitative and qualitative research was employed. The research findings supported the idea that social media recommendations have an influence on purchasing intentions of consumers, however, the main managerial applications of this study are connected with the differences among consumers. Online reviews had been an influential source of information for Generation Y; however, it is losing its influential power towards shaping purchasing intentions. E-WOM is still important, thus brands and retailers are advised to develop and maintain branded communities in social media, encourage their consumers to share feedback not only in social media, but also in rating websites, apps and services. Retailers are advised to segment their target audience very carefully, as differences in generations’ social media habits and information adoption exist.

The impact of food advertising on consumer behavior is a matter of concern to psychologists, marketers, economists and the general public alike. It is well known that the consumer is not rational, and all the time does not carefully evaluate all available alternatives before purchase. There exist many stimuli influencing consumer behavior, which refers to the study of buying tendencies of consumers. There are several stages a consumer goes through before he finally picks up products available in the market. Various factors, be it cultural, social, personal or psychological, influence the buying decision of individuals. Submitted paper deals with the impact of inappropriate advertising on consumer behavior, namely the purchase of food. Related research was conducted at Department of Marketing and Trade, FEM SUA in Nitra, based on a questionnaire survey with a sample of 702 respondents from the Slovak Republic. We have used two research methods: Chi Square contingency test and Kolmogorov - Smirnov test. Obtained results proved that 38% of respondents have a personal experience with inappropriate food advertising and most respondents considered inappropriate food advertising as a deceptive, misleading and manipulative one. It was confirmed that the perception of inappropriate food advertising is not dependent on the age of the respondents and respondents do not avoid buying food previously seen in inappropriate advertising. They take into consideration more important characteristics and features of the food products such as quality, price, taste etc.

Demand for high-quality shopping service has seen continuous growth in the recent years, allowing retail chains to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, increase number of loyal customers. This in-turn results in demand boosting and image of the firm. To analyze and achieve this emotional reactions of customers while shopping becomes important. The paper attempts to evaluate the effect of emotional fatigue on purchase process and uses neuromarketing tool – Galvanic skin reaction analysis to do so. Changes in the buyer emotional reaction of consumers was observed through more than 150 experiments at 15 different retailers. The results showed that retailer selection depended on emotional fatigue of the customer. Different types of retailers create different emotional fatigue which affects the footfall.

Background Inappropriate ways of health services purchasing for cancer patients can be challengeable and costly and seriously affect the access to health services and outcomes. This study aimed at Factors affecting health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients. Methods As a mixed study, this research was conducted in Iran in 2020. In the qualitative phase, 21 specialists and professionals in the field of health services purchasing were purposefully selected and interviewed. After data saturation, interviews were analyzed with the framework analysis and a structured questionnaire was made based on these analyses. 400 breast cancer patients were selected by randomized sampling and completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS23 in p Results The highest mean rate of the three main categories belonged to “insurance trusteeship” (4.71 ± .35), followed by “supply management” (4.48 ± .27) and “financial performance” (4.48 ± .37). There were significantly differences between the mean rates of the main categories and the cut-off point (p Conclusion Of main components in health services strategic purchasing for breast cancer patients, insurance trusteeship, supply management, and financial performance ranked first to third, respectively. Therefore, healthcare policy-makers should consider the placement of insurance trusteeship and coordinate between purchasers and providers for making reform in the health system.

Honey is considered the only food of animal origin that can be consumed without being processed. The literature presents several reasons associated with the consumption of honey, namely, it is a natural and healthy product; its dietary, nutritional and medicinal characteristics; the product quality; the region of origin; the information available on the product label, the brand's reputation; as well as, the variety, texture, taste, aroma, appearance, packaging and price. Thus, this research intends to identify determinant factors on which consumers base their purchasing decision. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was developed based on a non-probabilistic sample of 474 individuals, of whom 399 were honey consumers. Data collection took place from March to May 2016 and was based on a questionnaire [1], which was applied directly to consumers in the city of Bragança. Later, data was analysed with SPSS 23.0 software. The data analysis included a univariate descriptive analysis and a multivariate analysis that involved the estimation of a binary logistic regression in order to identify the determinant factors of honey purchase and consumption. The statistically significant parameters included taste, colour, origin and certification label, at a significance level of 1%. These characteristics explained 68.9% of the consumer's decision to purchase honey. It is noteworthy that the certification label was considered important by non-honey consumers, probably when they purchase the product to offer. While taste, colour and country of origin were important characteristics that honey consumers valued in the purchasing decision process. The article has been prepared with the support of (a) the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and the ERDF under the program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) and (b) CETRAD, funded UI & D by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the project UID/SOC/04011/2019. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mobile phones have become a highly personal tool for individuals and have revolutionized many aspects of travellers’ lives. Indeed, mobile phones can be considered an integral part of travellers’ trip routines, thus engendering strong feelings of attachment to them. Following the stimulus–organism– response model, this paper analyses how certain stimuli (travellers’ addiction to their device, perceived control, perceived entertainment, and subjective norms) influence travellers’ mobile phone attachment (MPA) and intention to purchase travel using the device. The results of this model show the importance of personal and environmental factors in increasing MPA and reveal how this attachment positively influences intention toward mobile shopping for travel-related purchases. This work proposes a model in both the mobile and travel contexts with MPA as the central variable. As such, this paper contributes to the academic literature and yields several recommendations for business practice., Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ECO2017-82107-R).

E-commerce is the purchase and sale of goods and services over the Internet. It assumed that despite the ever-expanding online transaction, the retail shops would not disappear. Various surveys have shown that customers still prefer to shop in stores and the number of purchases is increasing. Currently, they mainly use combinations of ecommerce and retail stores. Before the final purchase in the store, customers prefer to find out all the necessary information via the Internet. In the case of online shopping, customers prefer to look at the product in a retail shop and then purchase it via e-shop. In this paper, we decided to verify my hypothesis. The article aimed to determine the impact of e-commerce on retail stores.

The positive effects of fruit on human health are mainly attributed to their antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to observe public awareness about antioxidants consumed in fruit, to analyze their preferences and the frequency of fruit consumption in selected population groups. Preferences were assessed by questionnaire, which was attended by 220 respondents. Information about the presence of antioxidants in fruit showed 85% of respondents. Temperate zone fruit is prefered by 48% of respondents and 52% of respondents prefer fruit of southern zone. Fresh fruit is consumed by 54% of respondents, 18% of respondents prefer fruit juices, compotes are consumed by 12% of respondents, fruit spreads by 11% of respondents, and 5% favour the dried fruit. Fruit is consumed by 31% of respondents once to three times a week, 26% of respondents consumed fruit once a day, 23% occasionally and 20% of respondents more times a day. In terms of sex, higher fruit consumption was recorded at women who consume fruit mostly once a day, while men only once to three times a week. The relationship between place of residence and the possibility to grow their own fruit as well as preference between home and the consumption of fruit by country of origin was confirmed.

This paper empirically investigates and characterizes users of recorded music, both downloaders and purchasers. To this end we analyse the role of the variables defining the different segments of music users. In doing so, we have considered two main traits influencing the use of music. First, objective variables such as demographics, music consumption habits, music genres and technology. Second, subjective variables such as motives and attitudes towards piracy. Using data from a personal survey, subsequent latent class and fuzzy analyses show that while the former characteristics are relevant in those getting music for free from the Internet, the latter don´t pay any special part, contrary to what literature had suggested. Specifically, we find evidence of age, gender, technology, and genre of music confirming previous studies carried out on this topic before the existing gap in the literature. However, there is no evidence of these variables defining patterns of purchase behaviour.

Presentatie over de Social Impact Tools die wij samen met sociale mkb-bedrijven hebben ontwikkeld en waarmee deze bedrijven de ontwikkelinun medewerkers kunnen laten zien en de maatschappelijke opbrengsten van hun bedrijf. De dashboards uit deze tools kunnen worden gebruikt om inkopers te laten zien welke opbrengsten het bedrijf heeft. Dit kan de kansen bij inkoop vergroten.

La finalidad de este proyecto es la creación de una app para Android con la cual gestionar la lista de la compra. Existen muchas aplicaciones de este tipo en el mercado, pero es complicado encontrarlas que cumplan con todas las necesidades, sobretodo el que, a la hora de realizar la compra, los productos sean ordenados de manera automática por cómo se encuentran dentro del supermercado, evitando así al usuario vueltas innecesarias dentro de este. La finalitat d'aquest projecte és la creació d'una app per Android amb la qual gestionar la llista de la compra. Hi ha moltes aplicacions d'aquest tipus en el mercat, però és complicat trobar-les que compleixin amb totes les necessitats, sobretot el que, a l'hora de realitzar la compra, els productes siguin ordenats de manera automàtica per com es troben dins de l'supermercat, evitant així a l'usuari voltes innecessàries dins d'aquest. This project purpose is to create an Android's App with which manage shopping lists. There are many applications of this kind in the market, but it's difficult to find some with all the needs, especially that, when making the purchase, the products are automatically ordered by how you find it when shopping, thus avoiding to the user unnecessary laps within the shop.

The goal of the research deals with the study of complementary products & competitive advantages profes-sional vocabulary. The problem is concerned with the systematic organization of the studied vocabulary to consist of several studied corresponding economy divisions. The hypothesis of this experimental research supports the idea of highly organized innovative scientific vocabulary of Greek & Latin origin. The methods used in the re-search deal with the history, communicative and cognitive analysis of the specialized units, and words combina-tions. The results of the observations to have done to concern the complementary products economies are inter-preted and represented in the publication.

Spatial impacts of online shopping are discussed frequently in retail geography. Here, online shopping is mostly regarded as a central driver of competition for physical retailing and its locations, such as town centers or malls. Due to its high popularity, cross-channel shopping is sometimes considered to be a support for physical retailing. However, traditional retail location theory does not consider shopping channels other than in-store shopping. Furthermore, although online shopping is far too important to be neglected in examining consumer spatial shopping behavior, there is an obvious lack in the previous literature towards incorporating multi- and cross-channel shopping into store choice models. The present study aims to identify the main drivers of store choice on the basis that both in-store and online shopping alternatives are available, as well as the opportunity for cross-channel shopping. Taking into account previous literature on both physical store choice and multi-channel shopping, hypotheses on the impact of different shopping transaction costs (such as travel time, delivery charges, or uncertainty with respect to the stores' assortment) were derived. Based on a representative consumer survey, real past shopping decisions in three retail sectors (groceries, consumer electronics [CE], and furniture) were collected. The econometric analysis of empirical store choices was performed using a nested logit model which includes both physical and online stores. The results confirm several assumptions of classical retail location theory as well as previous findings from single-firm studies and stated choice experiments on multi-channel shopping behavior. Travel time to physical stores reduces consumer utility and store choice probability, respectively. Consumer sensitivity towards travel time decreases with decreasing purchase frequency of the desired goods. Delivery charges also decrease the likelihood of choosing a store. The impact of cross-channel integration on store choice (assuming the reduction of consumer transaction costs) is considerably lower than expected and differs between retail sectors. While furniture retailers profit from enabling cross-channel shopping, there is no such competitive advantage found for grocery and CE retailers. The positive effect of assortment on condition of diminishing marginal utility is confirmed for grocery stores and CE stores, but not for furniture stores. From a theoretical perspective, this study shows that multi- and cross-channel shopping behavior does not contradict the main thoughts of classical retail location theory. From a practical perspective, the study is a contribution as store choice models play a significant role in both business location planning and governmental land use planning.

Статья посвящена проблеме разграничения понятий «выкуп» и «изъятие» земельных участков для публичных нужд. Приводятся критерии такого разграничения, осуществляется соотношение гражданского и земельного законодательства., The article is devoted to the problem of distinguishing the concepts of «redemption» and «withdrawal» of land plots for public use. The criteria for such a distinction are given, and the correlation between civil and land legislation is carried out in the part concerning.

Actually, the high demand of the markets, the requirements, the necesity of constant expansion and a good comercial position of the companies have great importance, due to the globalization as a global process, where a optimal logistical design for the warehouses optimizes resources, time and processes in them (Maldonado & Villalba, 2011). This grade report is a proposal to improve the logistics processes within the warehouses of the super warehouse 1302 Olímpica S.A., this work is divided into 4 different specific objectives that feed the general objective. The first objective is to diagnose the problems that affect the logistics processes, through direct observation, the interview with the personnel, the cause and effect diagram, also called the Ishikawa diagram and the Pareto diagram, through which it was possible to obtain a true diagnosis of the current conditions of the storage logistics processes and where they helped to establish solution proposals. The second objective is to analyze the purchasing processes that generate the excessive entry of merchandise, which generate a chaotic and disorderly storage, after this an improvement is proposed, through monitoring and control of the quantities allowed within the warehouses and the 5w + 2h method for continuous improvement. The third objective is to show the critical storage points within the warehouses with the help of the general diagnosis, where the respective solutions are finally presented using the ABC classification method, optimal quantity of product per warehouse, the 5's method and the design of nomenclature, solutions that will allow the existence of adequate storage within the warehouses. Finally, the fourth objective shows us the existing problems within the different areas visualized in the direct observation and / or interview, due to the lack of internal communication XVI of the warehouse, where in this chapter strategies are generated that will congratulate the linking of the areas and their continuous improvement. ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ............................................................................................................ VI ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIÓN ............................................................................................. VIII ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ........................................................................................................... XI GLOSARIO ........................................................................................................................... XII RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................... XIII ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... XV INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................................1 1 INFORMACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA ...............................................................2 1.1 Información General de la Compañía ...................................................................2 1.1.1 Generalidades. .....................................................................................................2 1.1.2 Reseña Histórica. .................................................................................................2 1.1.3 Misión, Visión y Política de servicio. ...................................................................4 1.1.3.1 Misión..................................................................................................................4 1.1.3.2 Visión. .................................................................................................................4 1.1.3.3 Valores ................................................................................................................4 1.1.3.4 Política de servicio. ..............................................................................................5 1.1.3.5 Actividad económica. ...........................................................................................5 1.1.3.6 Condiciones legales..............................................................................................5 1.1.3.7 Organigrama de la compañía................................................................................6 1.2 Información del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. ...........................................7 1.2.1 Organigrama. .......................................................................................................7 1.2.2 Descripción del área de trabajo.............................................................................8 1.2.2.1 Área: control de inventarios .................................................................................8 2 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ..........................................................9 3 OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Objetivo General ................................................................................................ 11 3.2 Objetivos Específicos ......................................................................................... 11 4 JUSTIFICACIÓN ............................................................................................ 12 5 MARCO CONCEPTUAL................................................................................ 14 5.1 Logística ............................................................................................................ 14 5.1.1 Ciclos logísticos. ................................................................................................ 14 5.2 Almacenamiento. ............................................................................................... 15 5.2.1 Planeación para diseño y operación. ................................................................... 15 5.2.2 Identificación de los espacios de almacenamiento. ............................................. 15 5.2.3 Formas de colocación de mercancías. ................................................................. 15 5.2.4 Rotación............................................................................................................. 17 5.2.5 Control de información y gestión de almacenes. ................................................. 18 5.3 Planificación. ..................................................................................................... 18 5.4 Diagrama de Causa Efecto ................................................................................. 18 5.5 Diagrama de Pareto ............................................................................................ 19 5.6 Clasificación ABC ............................................................................................. 19 5.6.1 Como realizar un análisis ABC para clasificar el inventario con criterio de valor total............................................................................................. 21 5.7 Proceso de Mejora Continua............................................................................... 22 5.8 Plan de acción 5W+2H ....................................................................................... 23 5.9 Comunicación estratégica................................................................................... 23 6 ACTIVIDADES PROGRAMADAS ................................................................ 25 6.1 Aspectos Metodológicos. ................................................................................... 25 6.1.1 Definición del tipo de investigación. .................................................................. 25 6.1.1.1 Fuentes de información. ..................................................................................... 25 6.2 Actividades. ....................................................................................................... 26 7 ACTIVIDADES DESARROLLADAS ............................................................ 28 7.1 Procesos que se Realizan Centro del Área Logística de Almacenamiento del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. .......................................................................................... 28 7.1.1 Recursos. ........................................................................................................... 28 7.1.2 Relación entre las diferentes áreas. ..................................................................... 29 7.1.3 Sistema de información. ..................................................................................... 32 7.1.4 Clasificación de los productos en SAP ............................................................... 33 7.1.5 Distribución física de bodega. ............................................................................ 33 7.1.6 Capacidad de bodega y espacio utilizado ............................................................ 35 7.1.7 Situación interna de las bodegas. ........................................................................ 35 7.1.8 Nivel de Stock de inventario. ............................................................................. 36 7.1.9 Entrevista inicial. ............................................................................................... 37 7.1.10 Diagnóstico de los Procesos Logístico del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. . 38 7.1.11 Diagrama de Pareto ............................................................................................ 41 7.2 Mejora del Proceso de Compra del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. ........... 42 7.2.1 Análisis del proceso de compra. ......................................................................... 42 7.2.2 Propuesta de mejora para el proceso de compra. ................................................. 44 7.2.2.1 Formato de orden de compra. ............................................................................. 44 7.2.2.2 Formato de gestión de compra. ........................................................................... 44 7.2.2.3 Formato de stock y capacidad de almacenamiento del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A.............................................................................44 7.2.2.4 Seguimiento y control de procesos de compra mediante el método 5W+2H. ...... 45 7.3 Clasificación y Reorganización de los Productos Dentro de las Bodegas del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. .................................................................................................... 48 7.3.1 Análisis del proceso de almacenamiento ........................................................... 48 7.3.2 Propuesta de mejora para los procesos de almacenamiento. ................................ 48 7.3.2.1 Clasificación de inventario ................................................................................. 48 7.3.2.1.1 Clasificación ABC en bodega de electro............................................................. 50 7.3.2.1.2 Clasificación ABC en bodega de hogar .............................................................. 54 7.3.2.1.3 Clasificación ABC en bodega de textil ............................................................... 57 7.3.2.1.4 Clasificación ABC en bodega de víveres ............................................................ 60 7.3.2.2 Propuesta de organización. ................................................................................. 66 7.3.2.3 Programa de las 5´S. .......................................................................................... 67 7.3.2.3.1 ¿Qué es la 5´S? .................................................................................................. 67 7.3.2.3.2 Implementación de las 5´S. ................................................................................ 67 7.3.2.3.3 Método de enseñanza. ........................................................................................ 70 7.3.2.3.4 Obstáculos en la implementación del programa de las 5´S. ................................. 70 7.3.2.4 Mejora en la información. .................................................................................. 70 7.3.2.4.1 Diseño de nomenclatura. .................................................................................... 70 7.3.2.4.2 Etiquetas para los productos. .............................................................................. 71 7.3.2.4.3 Diseño de planos de distribución de planta de las bodegas. ................................. 73 7.3.2.4.4 Dificultades en la mejora de información. .......................................................... 74 7.3.2.4.5 Cronograma de implementación. ........................................................................ 74 7.3.2.4.6 Presupuesto de la propuesta. ............................................................................... 75 7.4 Comunicación estratégica entre las áreas que intervienen en los procesos de almacenamiento de las bodegas del Súper Almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A. ................................... 75 7.4.1 Generación de una propuesta de comunicación efectiva para las diferentes áreas involucradas en el proceso de almacenamiento. ......................................................................... 76 7.4.1.1 Estrategia ........................................................................................................... 76 7.4.1.2 Control y seguimiento de las estrategias ............................................................. 76 8 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 78 9 RECOMENDACIONES .................................................................................. 80 REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA ....................................................................................... 82 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................. 87 Práctica empresarial En la actualidad, las exigencias de los mercados, los requerimientos, la necesidad de expansión y posicionamiento comercial de una empresa poseen importancia, debido a la globalización como proceso mundial, donde el diseño de la logística de las bodegas optimiza recursos, tiempos y procedimientos en las mismas. (Maldonado & Villalba, 2011) El presente informe de grado es una propuesta de mejora para los procesos logísticos dentro de las bodegas del súper almacén 1302 Olímpica S.A., este trabajo se divide en 4 diferentes objetivos específicos que alimentan al objetivo general. El primer objetivo es el de diagnosticar las problemáticas que aquejan los procesos logístico, por medio de la observación directa, la entrevista al personal, el diagrama de causa y efecto, igualmente llamado diagrama de Ishikawa y el diagrama de Pareto, a través de los cuales se pudo obtener un diagnostico verídico de las condiciones actuales de los procesos logísticos de almacenamiento y donde estas ayudaron a establecer propuestas de solución. El segundo objetivo es, analizar los procesos de compra que generan la entrada excesiva de mercancía, que generan un almacenamiento caótico y desordenado, luego de esto se propone una mejora, por medio de seguimiento y control de las cantidades permitidas dentro de las bodegas y el método de la 5w+2h para su mejora continua. El tercer objetivo es el de mostrar los puntos críticos de almacenamiento dentro de las bodegas con ayuda del diagnóstico general, donde finalmente se presenta la respectiva soluciones utilizando el método de clasificación ABC, cantidad optima de producto por bodega, el método de la 5´s y el diseño de nomenclatura, soluciones que permitirán la existencia de un adecuado almacenamiento dentro de las bodegas. Finalmente el cuarto objetivo nos muestra la problemáticas existente dentro de las diferentes áreas visualizadas en la observación directa y/o entrevista, debido a la falta de comunicación interna del almacén, donde en este capitulo se generan estrategias que felicitaran la vinculación de las áreas y su mejora continua.

Due to the excessive amount of counterfeit goods in the Third World countries and the losses caused by the sale of these goods, this study attempts to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics (neuroticism, extroversion, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness) and attitudes toward purchase of counterfeit goods. This study is a cross-sectional type. The statistical population comprised graduate and undergraduate students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The sample included 700 people, selected randomly by simple sampling manner and response to the attitude toward purchase of counterfeit goods questionnaire and NEO Personality Inventory. The SPSS16 software, independent t-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between extroversion, openness and agreeableness with attitude toward counterfeited goods purchasing. The results also indicated that the mean difference of attitude toward counterfeit goods purchasing between gender, marital status and educational level were significant. Results indicated that personality characteristics affected consumers’ attitude toward counterfeit goods purchasing and these personality characteristics can play a role in the reduction of counterfeit goods purchasing.

To ensure the food industry continues to grow, it is vital to properly understand the factors that impact the purchasing of organic food. Research offers ambiguous findings about what drives consumers to decide to purchase food labeled as organic. This study advances the current theories on organic food-purchasing behavior, which overlook the importance of the two-way interaction of social norms and individual behavior, suggesting that the role of social norms may have been simplified. We suggest the causal processes associated with organic food decision-making involve the social feedback loop, a powerful force that takes the current state into the phase of transition. Positive feedback is key to maintaining and developing the sustainable behavior of the society, where an initial change in consumer behavior to purchase organic food is magnified when that change resounds through social norms. This is especially pronounced in Norway and Slovenia, where marketers can make more cost- and time-efficient use of persuasive messages and requests. In addition, we provide a comprehensive delineation of organic food purchase decision-making of close to 14,000 individuals from 15 countries that includes key psychosocial antecedents, along with Schwartz&rsquo, s values, attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions. Using a mixed-methods approach (i.e., statistical matching, spatial econometrics, structural equation modeling), the present paper thus intends to add to the understanding of environmentally friendly purchase behavior beyond unidirectional and single-theory relationships.

Автор в статье исследует институт приобретательной давности в рамках российской правовой системы. Рассматривается процесс истории формирования приобретательной давности. Анализируется содержание приобретательной давности, ее условия. Исследуется момент возникновения права собственности на основании приобретательной давности.

В данной статье определено значение потребительских предпочтений, рассмотрены различные теоретические подходы и взгляды ученых по термину «предпочтения потребителей». Предложено собственное определение, которое учитывает основные психологические и экономические компоненты, показана возможность применения авторского понимания для проведения маркетинговых исследований.This article has been defined the value of consumer preferences and various theoretical approaches and views of scientists of the term “consumer preferences” are considered. Personal definition which takes into consideration the main psychological and economic components is offered. The possibility of applying the author’s understanding for conducting marketing research are showed.

Любое государство как общественный институт, а также как субъект экономики, права и общественной жизни имеет огромное значение, и Россия не является исключением. С учетом богатой российской истории, большое значение имеют вопросы, связанные с осуществлением государственных закупок. В данном исследовании рассмотрен опыт осуществления государственных и муниципальных закупок наиболее в развитых странах, проведен сравнительный анализ с Россией, и обоснована возможность перенять данный опыт для России.

В данной статье рассматриваются различные подходы ученых к классификации факторов, влияющих на поведение потребителей. Изучены подходы Ф. Котлера, Л.Е. Басовского, И. Хокинса, Р.Дж. Беста и К.А. Кони, Т. Парсонса, Р. Тафлингера, Д. Катона и У.О. Беардена и Л.Б. Каплана. Сделан вывод о значимости вклада теории У.О. Беардена и Л.Б. Каплана в исследование потребительского поведения.In the article is analysed on the different approaches of scientists to the classification of factors affecting consumer behavior. The approaches of F. Kotler, L.E. Basovsky, I. Hawkins, R.J. Besta and K.A. Horses, T. Parsons, R. Toughlinger, D. Кaton and W.O. Bearden and L.B. Kaplan are researched. There is a conclusion about the significance of the contribution of the theory of U.O. Bearden and L.B. Kaplan in the science of factors.

The current fast fashion model fostering high consumption causes consequential damages to the planet and society, facts that highlight the need to curtail its growth throughout more sustainable solutions. Among these solutions is engaging fashion customers in Product-Service Systems (PSSs), which are oriented towards dematerializing fashion consumption by offering bundles of products and services. Drawing from the social exchange theory, this research sheds light on the benefits customers seek to engage with various coexisting product-oriented and use-oriented PSSs in the fashion industry. A quantitative study among 477 customers in Belgium reveals that customer engagement with PSSs in a fashion industry is a function of the benefits that customers expect to reach (economic, pragmatic, cognitive, personal, hedonic, and societal expectations) and their demographic characteristics (gender and age). Depending on the expected benefits and demographic characteristics, customers were found to engage with different types of PSSs. Accordingly, fashion companies should leverage customers’ expected benefits and demographics when developing PSSs and communicating about these PSSs.

The growth of fraudulent pesticide trade has become a threat to farmers’ health, agrochemical businesses, and agricultural sustainability, as well as to the environment. However, assessment of the levels of farmers’ exposure to fraudulent pesticides in the literature is often limited. This paper conducted a quantitative study of farmers’ recognition and purchasing behaviors with regard to fraudulent pesticides in the Dakhalia governorate of Egypt. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected by face-to-face interviews with 368 farmers in three districts of the governorate. The questionnaire included questions on socioeconomic characteristics, risk perception, recognition behavior, and purchasing behavior regarding fraudulent pesticides. The findings indicate that farmers perceived high risks to farmer health and crop yield (a score of 4 out of 5) and a moderate risk to the environment (3.5 out of 5) from fraudulent pesticides. Nonetheless, nearly three-fourths of the farmers had purchased fraudulent pesticides anyway. The statistical analysis suggests that farmers who resist purchasing fraudulent pesticides have higher education, longer experience in farming, and better recognition of fraudulent pesticides. To improve farmers’ ability to distinguish and avoid fraudulent pesticides, the paper recommends communication-related anti-counterfeiting measures such as awareness extension programs, as well as distribution measures in cooperation with other stakeholders.

The current situation on the food market is influenced by various diet trends including eating healthy products. The honey consumption has an increasing tendency because more and more consumers consider honey as a healthy alternative to a refined sugar. The aim of this research paper was to identify consumption patterns regarding honey in terms of annual consumption, its frequency, volume of honey per purchase, consumption structure by family members and factors affecting consumers at honey purchase. The primary data was obtained from a questionnaire survey, which was conducted in Slovakia on the sample of 316 respondents as well as in Russia on the sample of 309 respondents. For a deeper analyses several assumptions were formulated where dependencies between demographic factors (age, education and income,) and annual consumption by using Chi-Square Test of Independence and Cramer´V coefficient, as well as, differences in factors affecting consumers at honey purchase by using Friedman test have been statistically tested. Based on the results it was found out that, the majority of Slovak consumers make honey reserves and prefer to buy 1 kg per purchase while the majority of Russian consumers purchase honey if necessary and prefer to buy 0.5 or 2 - 5 kg per purchase. Honey is generally consumed by all family members in both countries. The mostimportant factors for Slovak consumers was the country of origin (2.59) followed by taste (3.51), type (3.97) and price (4.18), while the least important factors were the size of packaging (6.70) and the design of packaging (6.80). For Russian consumers the most important factors werethe type (2.97), design of packaging (3.13), price (3.28) and taste (3.61) while the least important factors were the size of packaging (6.98), brand (6.50) and the country of origin (6.50). The majority of consumers in both countries consume from 2 to 5 kg annually and the only significant dependence was confirmed in case of respondents´ age. The annual consumption of young generation is lower in comparison to older generations.

Aim The veterinarian should be able to assess congenital and inherited malformations such as heart defects because they may be object of legal disputes. In this study, the authors report some cases of congenital heart defects in pets (dogs and cats) to clarify whether or not they may be considered a redhibitory defect. Materials and methods A total of 28 medical records of pets referred with suspected congenital heart disease were examined. All patients aged between 3 and 24 months underwent clinical examination, chest X-ray examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography and angiocardiography when necessary. Results Congenital heart diseases or associated cardiac malformations were confirmed. Considering the above congenital diseases as redhibitory defect and the rights of the owners from a strictly legal viewpoint, 9 owners demanded an estimatory action and 11 a redhibitory action; 1 owner decided to demand the reimbursement of veterinary expenses because the animal died; 7 owners took no legal action but requested surgical intervention. Conclusions Until more appropriate and detailed legislation on the buying and selling of pet animals is put in place; the authors propose to include in the contract a temporal extension of the guarantee relating to congenital heart disease, which can often become evident later.

Summary Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible.. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Electronic commerce is not limited just to buying and selling, but it also includes all pre-sales and after-sales ongoing activities along the supply chain. Introducing electronic commerce, using the Internet and Web services in business, realizes the way to a completely new type of economy - internet economy.

El presente trabajo investigativo hace un análisis sobre la incidencia que el Neuromarketing tienen sobre los niños entre los nueve y doce años, para posicionar un producto o inducirlos a la compra o consumo de un producto. Inicialmente se hace un recorrido por el marketing, sobre su evolución hasta llegar al Neuromarketing, definir su significado y exponer las definiciones que le han dado los autores más expertos del tema. The present investigative work makes an analysis about the incidence that Neuromarketing has on children between 9 and 12 years, to position a product or induce them to buy or consume a product. Initially there is a tour of marketing, its evolution to Neuromarketing, define its meaning and expose the definitions given by the most expert authors of the subject. Especialista en Gerencia de Mercadeo

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. The contents of the sale-to-buy agreement agreement constitute a preliminary agreement to give birth to the main or main agreement which usually consists of promises from the parties which contain provisions regarding the agreed terms to legally carry out the main agreement. For example, in the process of contracting the sale and purchase of land rights, which in one of the agreement clauses can contain promises from both the seller of the land rights and the buyers regarding the fulfillment of the conditions so that the main agreement, namely the sale and purchase agreement and the sale and purchase certificate, can be signed immediately before the official a promise to carry out the management of such land rights before the selling process is carried out as usually requested by the buyers, or a promise to immediately make payments by the buyer as a condition of the seller as a sales deed that can be signed before the official who makes the land certificate.

The subject of our research is the process of selecting a supplier of material resources to machine-building enterprises. The aim of this work is to identify factors that improve the process of supplier selection of material resources to large enterprises. Testing this model is made on the example of the “KRANEKS” machinebuilding enterprise. The methodological basis of the scientific research is work in the fields of systems analysis, management accounting, and econometrics. As a result of the research, a methodology and estimation algorithm of suppliers was developed, as well as a hierarchical model of fuzzy inference to supplier evaluation. These developments are mainly aimed at supporting decision making in choosing the best provider for a machine-building enterprise. These developments mainly focused on decision support in choosing the best provider for an engineering enterprise whose list of material resources runs into the thousands. They are aimed at improving the efficiency of administrative decisions in the supplier selection process of machine-building enterprises and improving the work process of their purchasing departments. Przedmiotem badań jest proces wyboru dostawców materiałów w przedsiębiorstwach sektora budowy maszyn. Celem jest identyfikacja czynników ulepszających ten proces w dużych przedsiębiorstwach. Zbudowany model przetestowano na przedsiębiorstwie „KRANEKS”. Podstawy teoretyczno-metodologiczne pracy zawierają się w obrębie analizy systemów, rachunkowości zarządczej i ekonometrii. W rezultacie stworzone metodologię oraz algorytm wyboru dostawcy oraz hierarchiczny model wnioskowania rozmytego dla oceny dostawców. Narzędzia te dobrze nadają się do wspierania decyzji o wyborze dostawców w przedsiębiorstwie sektora budowy maszyn. W istocie mogą one wspierać decyzje w każdym przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym, które zgłasza zapotrzebowanie na dostawy licznych materiałów. Narzędzia te mają poprawiać efektywność decyzji administracyjnych oraz wspierać działy zakupów tego rodzaju przedsiębiorstw.

After some time using a product or service, the consumer tends to feel less pleasure with consumption. This reduction of pleasure is known as hedonic adaptation. One of the emotions that interfere in this process is surprise. Based on two experiments, we suggest that negative surprise – differently to positive – influences with the level of pleasure foreseen and experienced by the consumer. Study 1 analyzes the influence of negative (vs. positive) surprise on the consumer’s post-purchase hedonic adaptation expectation. Results showed that negative surprise influences the intensity of adaptation, augmenting its strength. Study 2 verifies the influence of negative (vs positive) surprise over hedonic adaptation. The findings suggested that negative surprise makes adaptation happen more intensively and faster as time goes by, which brings consequences to companies and consumers in the post-purchase process, such as satisfaction and loyalty.

The aristocratic residence in eighteenth-century London was more often a relatively plain-looking three-to five-bay terrace house than a grand, freestanding mansion. This paper argues that a limited architectural-historical perspective on these town houses, beginning and ending with external appearance, perpetuates assumptions that they meant little to their owners beyond simply temporary accommodation in the city. A much wider perspective is available through the broad and careful use of documentary and anecdotal evidence, which enables us to see the town house not only as functional and aesthetic object, but also as property, commodity, personal possession, and even symbol. From this new perspective on the behavior and reasoning of the landed classes, this paper challenges established notions of the relative value and meaning of houses in country and town in this period., Choix et raison dans la maison londonienne du XVIIIe siècle. Une résidence aristocratique dans le Londres du XVIIIe siècle était plus souvent une maison mitoyenne d’apparence assez ordinaire, avec une baie vitrée de trois à cinq fenêtres, qu’un majestueux hôtel particulier. Cet article soutient qu’un point de vue limité à l’architecture historique de ces maisons de ville, qui se limiterait à l’aspect extérieur, perpétue l’idée selon laquelle, simples logements temporaires dans la ville, elles n’auraient aucune importance pour leurs propriétaires. Cette perspective peut s’élargir grâce à l’utilisation générale et prudente de documents et de témoignages de l’époque qui nous permettent de voir les maisons de ville non seulement en tant qu’objet utile et esthétique mais aussi en tant que propriété, bien, possession personnelle et même en tant que symbole. En partant de ce nouvel éclairage sur l’attitude et la mentalité de ces propriétaires terriens, cet article remet en cause les notions établies concernant la valeur relative et de la signification des maisons dans les campagnes et les villes de cette époque., Keuze en rede in het Londense huis van de 18de eeuw. Het herenhuis in Londen in de achttiende eeuw was meestal een relatief eenvoudig, drie tot vijf ramen breed, rijtjeshuis en uitzonderlijk een groot vrijstaand herenhuis. De stelling van dit hoofdstuk is dat een historisch-bouwkundig onderzoek dat zich grotendeels beperkt tot het uiterlijke aanzicht van deze herenhuizen, de veronderstelling versterkt dat deze weinig meer waren dan een tijdelijke huisvesting in de stad. Een beter perspectief ontstaat door het zorgvuldig analyseren van documentair en anekdotisch bewijs. Dat laat zien dat herenhuizen niet alleen functionele en esthetische objecten waren, maar ook fungeerden als eigendom, persoonlijk bezit en zelfs symbool. Vanuit dit nieuwe perspectief op het gedrag van de adel daagt dit hoofdstuk de gevestigde ideeën van de relatieve waarde en betekenis van de landelijke en stedelijke huizen in deze periode uit., Stewart Rachel. Choice and Reasoning in the Eighteenth-Century London House. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 94, fasc. 2, 2016. Histoire Médiévale, Moderne et Contemporaine – Middleleeuwse, Moderne en Hedendaagse Geschiedenis. pp. 363-378.