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ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis (TB).MethodsThis is a population-based cohort study with patients with TB ≥18 years notified from 1990 to 2018 in Denmark, compared with sex- and age-matched controls. Mortality was assessed in Kaplan–Meier models and risk factors for death were estimated in Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOverall mortality was twofold higher among people with TB compared with controls up to 15 years after TB diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-2.29, P ConclusionPeople with TB had substantially inferior survival up to 15 years after TB diagnosis, in particular, socially disadvantaged Danes with TB with specific comorbidities. This may reflect unmet needs for enhanced treatment of other medical/social conditions during TB treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis (TB).Methods: This is a population-based cohort study with patients with TB >= 18 years notified from 1990 to 2018 in Denmark, compared with sex-and age-matched controls. Mortality was assessed in Kaplan-Meier models and risk factors for death were estimated in Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Overall mortality was twofold higher among people with TB compared with controls up to 15 years after TB diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-2.29, P < 0.0 0 01). Danes with TB were three times more likely to die than migrants (adjusted HR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.84-3.45, P < 0.0 0 01). Risk factors for death included living alone, being unemployed, having low income, and co -morbidities such as mental illness with substance abuse, lung diseases, hepatitis, and HIV. TB was the most common cause of death (21%), followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7%), lung cancer (6%), alcoholic liver disease (5%), and mental illness with substance abuse (4%).Conclusion: People with TB had substantially inferior survival up to 15 years after TB diagnosis, in par-ticular, socially disadvantaged Danes with TB with specific comorbidities. This may reflect unmet needs for enhanced treatment of other medical/social conditions during TB treatment.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Purpose: To investigate the surgical and pharmacological management and outcomes of patients with cataract and concurrent uveitis. Methods: Data from the Swedish National Cataract Register, 2018–2019, were collected and analysed. Uveitic eyes were identified and eyes without uveitis were used as controls. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for intra-individual correlation. Results: The study included 719 eyes with and 256 360 without uveitis. The mean age was 66.0 ± 13.5 (standard deviation [SD]) years in the uveitis group and 74.3 ± 8.7 years in the control group (p < 0.001). Surgery was associated with more intraoperative difficulties in eyes with uveitis (27.0%) than in control eyes (7.1%; p < 0.001). Posterior capsule rupture/zonular complications were registered in nine eyes with uveitis (1.3%) and in 1464 eyes without uveitis (0.6%; p = 0.02). Hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (uveitis 3.6%, controls 1.2%) and subconjunctival steroids (uveitis 17.4%, controls 6.1%) were more frequently used in eyes with uveitis (p < 0.001). post-operative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.16 ± 0.38 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR, mean ± SD) in eyes with uveitis (n = 52) and 0.08 ± 0.20 in control eyes (n = 14 489; p = 0.008). Conclusion: In this large registry-based Swedish cohort study, the findings demonstrate that cataract surgery in patients with uveitis poses more challenges and requires special surgical precautions. Eyes with concurrent uveitis had worse BCVA prior to and following surgery. Despite the intraoperative challenges, the visual improvement was greater in the uveitic group.

In this paper, we operationalize register differences at the intersection of formality and mode, and distinguish four broad register categories: spoken informal (conversations), spoken formal (parliamentary debates), written informal (blogs), and written formal (newspaper articles). We are specifically interested in the comparative probabilistic/variationist complexity of these registers – when speakers have grammatical choices, are the probabilistic grammars regulating these choices more or less complex in particular registers than in others? Based on multivariate modeling of richly annotated datasets covering three grammatical alternations in two languages (English and Dutch), we assess the complexity of probabilistic grammars by drawing on three criteria: (a) the number of constraints on variant choice, (b) the number of interactions between constraints, and (c) the relative importance of lexical conditioning. Analysis shows that contrary to theorizing in variationist sociolinguistics, probabilistic complexity differences between registers are not quantitatively simple: formal registers are consistently the most complex ones, while spoken registers are the least complex ones. The most complex register under study is written-formal quality newspaper writing. We submit that the complexity differentials we uncover are a function of acquisitional difficulty, of on-line processing limitations, and of normative pressures.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Objective: It is unclear whether there are differences between specific school subject performance and later psychiatric disorders. We examined whether mean grade point average (MGPA) and specific school subjects associated with diagnoses of nonaffective psychoses, bipolar disorder and depression. Methods: In this register-based study, we studied the Finnish population born in 1987 who had available MGPA and six specific school grades (age = 15.4–16.4 years; n = 50,508). Grades were analyzed with smoothing splines. Covariates included sex, urbanicity, parental education level and parental diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Outcomes were incident nonaffective psychosis, bipolar disorder and depression diagnosed in specialized services until year 2015 (age = 28.0–28.9 years). Results: During the follow-up, 727 individuals were diagnosed with nonaffective psychoses, 489 with bipolar disorder and 3492 with depression. MGPA was inversely associated with all outcomes. In multivariate models including specific school subjects and covariates, the school subject with largest risk ratios (RR) was Physical Education (RR and Bonferroni-corrected confidence interval [CI] at −1.5 SD: nonaffective psychoses 1.63, 1.36–1.95; bipolar disorder 1.64, 1.30–2.05; depression 1.72, 1.53–1.93). Higher grades in Art were associated with nonaffective psychoses and depression (RR and Bonferroni-corrected CI at +1.5 SD: nonaffective psychoses 1.48, 1.11–1.96; depression 1.22, 1.07–1.38). Conclusion: There was a robust association between poorer scores on Physical Education and risk for psychosis, bipolar disorder and depression. Higher grades in Art were also associated with risk for later disorders. Subject specific school performance may be more informative about mental disorder risk than overall school performance.

This study analyzed the Vocabulary and Cultural Details in Grade 7 Philippine Literary Texts: Content Analysis. Using content analysis, the relational/semantic vocabulary of eight (8) literary texts from the Grade 7 Philippine Literature Textbook were analyzed. Based on the findings, the vocabulary contents in Philippine literary texts reveals significant cultural details that reflect the attitude, beliefs and experiences of the Filipinos with influences of the Spanish and Chinese cultures. Moreover, the semantic meaning of cultural details of the Philippine literary texts were about the lives of Filipinos including arts, codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior, such as law and morality, and systems of beliefs. The Cultural details of Philippine Literary Texts belongs to a Highcontext culture. This communication uses underlying context, meaning, and tone in the message, and not just the words themselves wherein the information is often implied based on the situation, as in many Asian cultures just like the Philippines. The theoretical implication and output of this study is Vocabulary and Culture: A Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (Vac-MALL) in literature through a DIGITAL SIM: VocLiTure (Vocabulary, Literature and Culture), an eBook for Grade 7 Learners.

Large and monumental trees are important elements of the ecosystem and represent valuable ecological, environmental, and historical heritage. Different countries have different strategies to protect such trees; most often, through the creation and reference to catalogues of the most valuable, old, big, or monumental trees on the territory. In Croatia, such an inventory has not yet been implemented. In order to create a database and catalogue of super-trees on the territory of Istria, in 2022, we launched a citizen science action to find out the locations of large, old, and valuable trees in Istria with the help of the public. The result of the action is a geo-referenced census of 64 ʻsuper-treesʼ in Istria in the form of an online Catalogue created in ArcGIS StoryMaps application. We proved that it is possible to efficiently and quickly create a catalogue that will serve to protect monumental trees. This Catalogue is the first step in creating a regional or national register.

Background: It is a matter of debate whether 1 universal standard, such as the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard, can be applied to all populations.Objective: The primary objective was to establish a Danish newborn standard based on the criteria of the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard to compare the percentiles of these 2 standards. A secondary objective was to compare the prevalence and risk of fetal and neonatal deaths related to small for gestational age defined by the 2 standards when used in the Danish reference population.Study design: This was a register-based nationwide cohort study. The Danish reference population included 375,318 singletons born at 33 to 42 weeks of gestation in Denmark between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. The Danish standard cohort included 37,811 newborns who fulfilled the criteria of the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard. Birthweight percentiles were estimated using smoothed quantiles for each gestational week. The outcomes included birthweight percentiles, small for gestational age (defined as a birthweight of 3rd percentile), and adverse outcomes (defined as either fetal or neonatal death).Results: At all gestational ages, the Danish standard median birthweights at term were higher than the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard median birthweights: 295g for females and 320 g for males. Therefore, the estimates of the prevalence rate of small for gestational age within the entire population were different: 3.9% (n=14,698) using the Danish standard vs 0.7% (n=2640) using the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard. Accordingly, the relative risk of fetal and neonatal deaths among small-for-gestational-age fetuses differed by SGA status defined by the different standards (4.4 [Danish standard] vs 9.6 [International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard]).Conclusion: Our finding did not support the hypothesis that 1 universal standard birthweight curve can be applied to all populations. Background: It is a matter of debate whether 1 universal standard, such as the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard, can be applied to all populations.Objective: The primary objective was to establish a Danish newborn standard based on the criteria of the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard to compare the percentiles of these 2 standards. A secondary objective was to compare the prevalence and risk of fetal and neonatal deaths related to small for gestational age defined by the 2 standards when used in the Danish reference population.Study design: This was a register-based nationwide cohort study. The Danish reference population included 375,318 singletons born at 33 to 42 weeks of gestation in Denmark between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. The Danish standard cohort included 37,811 newborns who fulfilled the criteria of the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard. Birthweight percentiles were estimated using smoothed quantiles for each gestational week. The outcomes included birthweight percentiles, small for gestational age (defined as a birthweight of 3rd percentile), and adverse outcomes (defined as either fetal or neonatal death).Results: At all gestational ages, the Danish standard median birthweights at term were higher than the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard median birthweights: 295g for females and 320 g for males. Therefore, the estimates of the prevalence rate of small for gestational age within the entire population were different: 3.9% (n=14,698) using the Danish standard vs 0.7% (n=2640) using the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard. Accordingly, the relative risk of fetal and neonatal deaths among small-for-gestational-age fetuses differed by SGA status defined by the different standards (4.4 [Danish standard] vs 9.6 [International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century standard]).Conclusion: Our finding did not support the hypothesis that 1 universal standard birthweight curve can be applied to all populations.

Background: Previous studies have suggested an association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma and allergic disease. The association may be modified by birth year and region, or mediated by respiratory tract infections. Objective: We aimed to estimate the association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma/wheeze or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in a population-based setting, and the mediating effect of lower respiratory infections. Methods: Two population-based cohorts were identified from the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth, Patient and Prescribed Drug Registers. The association between birth month/season and asthma/wheeze incidence was analysed using Cox proportional regression in the younger cohort born 2005-2010 (n = 582 494) and asthma/allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 7th year of life using log-binomial models in the older cohort born 2001-2004 (n = 367 583). Interactions were formally tested. Mediation analyses to address the effect of lower respiratory infections were performed in the older cohort using the R package "medflex." Results: Children born during fall and winter had an increased risk of asthma/wheeze after 2 years of age in the younger cohort: hazard ratio 1.24 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.17, 1.33) for winter and risk of prevalent asthma during their 7th year of life in the older cohort; prevalence ratio (PR) 1.12 (95% CI 1.08, 1.16) for winter. These estimates were partly mediated by lower respiratory infections; the indirect effect for winter compared with summer was PR 1.03 (95% CI 1.03, 1.04). The association was similar for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the 7th year of life, but not mediated by respiratory infections.Conclusion: We found that the association between season of birth and risk of childhood asthma/wheeze, but not allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, is partly mediated through lower respiratory infections. Clinical relevance: This has important implications for patient care, such as asthma management programmes to notify timing of seasonality for viral respiratory tract infections.

На основе литературного анализа выявлено большое количество методик обучения плаванию, каждая из которых имеет свою уникальную специфику. Предложена классификация методик обучения плаванию на основе выявления признаков, позволяющих их систематизировать и кодировать. Представлены примеры проведения кодификации методик, выбранных в случайном порядке., The literary analysis revealed a large number of methods of teaching swimming, each of which has its own unique specifics. The classification of swimming training methods based on the identification of signs that allow them to be systematized and coded is proposed. Examples of codification of methods selected at random are presented.

This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer (2017), typical scoring rubrics ignore important information about proficiency encoded at the lexis-grammar interface, in particular how the co-selection of lexical and grammatical features is mediated by communicative function. This is especially evident when assessing oral versus written exam tasks, where the modality of a task may intersect with register-induced variation in linguistic output (e.g. Biber et al., 2016). This article presents the results of an empirical study in which we measured the diversity and sophistication of four-word lexical bundles extracted from a corpus of French proficiency exams. Analysis revealed that the diversity of noun-based bundles was a significant predictor of written proficiency scores and the sophistication of verb-based bundles was a significant predictor of proficiency scores across both modes, suggesting that communicative function (Biber et al., 2004) as well as the constraints of online planning (Skehan, 1998) mediated the effect of lexicogrammatical phenomena on proficiency scores. Importantly, lexicogrammatical measures were better predictors of proficiency than solely lexical-based measures, which speaks to the potential utility of considering lexicogrammatical competence on scoring rubrics.

Prior scholarship has established that Pauline modifications of the conventional Koine epistolary prescript contribute to Paul’s self-positioning with his recipients and the persuasive force of his letters. This study furthers an understanding of Paul’s epistolary practice by exploring contributions of the remembrance motif (an expression of assurance that the sender remembers the letter’s recipients) and the distinctive Pauline litotic form of the disclosure formula (οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, variously translated in English versions as “I do not want you to be uninformed, unaware, ignorant”) to Paul’s communicative strategy in light of documentary papyri. The study undertakes synthesised sociolinguistic and semantic analyses of μνεία, ἀδιαλείπτως, and the litotic disclosure formula in documentary papyri. Applying Michael Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory of Register to documentary papyri demonstrates that μνεία, ἀδιαλείπτως, and the litotic disclosure formula belong to a formal register. Documentary papyri indicate that μνεία carries a nuance of remembrance with responsive action (i.e., prayer) in the remembrance motif rather than the sense “mention” provided by major lexica. Documentary papyri also indicate that ἀδιαλείπτως is polysemous. Eighty per cent of papyrological attestations of ἀδιαλείπτως occur in legal documents where the lexeme reinforces the certainty of a promisor’s commitment to terms of a contract: “without fail” captures the illocutionary force of this sense that is additional to the customarily understood frequentative sense typically rendered “constantly.” Letter writers used the remembrance motif to establish or maintain friendly relations with their recipients (philophronesis). The study argues that letter writers used the litotic disclosure formula similarly. Epistolary papyri facilitate the identification of baselines for the wording of the formulae and indicate that the Pauline forms depart from them. Using an interpretive lens of the Theory of Norms and Exploitations (developed by the lexicographer Patrick Hanks), the study shows how polite, formal language in epistolary formulae further contributed to philophronesis. Paul’s use of unexpected, polite, formal language in the remembrance motif and litotic disclosure formula suggests the carefully crafted modification of the formulae to intensify their philophronetic function and persuasive force. Nuances of μνεία and ἀδιαλείπτως complement the modified remembrance motif’s emphatic philophronesis. “I remember you without fail in my prayers” evokes the sociotheological significance of remembrance and functions as an emphatic reassurance of Paul’s pastoral concern for his recipients. The distinctive Pauline form of the litotic disclosure formula contributes to Paul’s communicative strategy by anchoring the presentation of subsequent information in the positive relationship that exists or that Paul wants to exist between himself and his recipients. The new elements of communicative strategy revealed by the register and semantic analyses of this study inform exegesis of the NT and demonstrate promise for research into the language of the NT and beyond into later antiquity.

The article gives the analysis of the register of cossacks in 1638 as one of the Ukrainian historical sources which contain data about the structure and special ethnic origin of the Zaporozhian Host before the beginning Liberation war in the middle of the 17th century. Attention is focused on the fundamentals of register formation based on the territorial principle which was initiated by the Kurukovo Agreement. The reasons for the absence of key positions such as a quartermaster (obozny), a judge (suddia) and a chancellor (pysar) in the registered army are being clarified. Information about the amount of payment for the service of Cossack officer is also valuable. The continuity of Cossack family traditions was traced, in particular through participation in the resistance to Turkish aggression and armed uprisings.

У роботі розроблено та досліджено алгоритми виконання множення перестановок за допомогою використання SIMD інструкцій сучасних процесорів. Виконано аналіз SIMD інструкцій, що можуть бути використані для виконання операцій над перестановками. Розроблені алгоритми базуються на використанні розширених інструкцій процесорів, що дають змогу виконувати операції над даними, представленими у векторному форматі. Практично визначено та досліджено переваги використання SIMD інструкцій для підвищення швидкості виконання операцій над перестановками. Проведено аналіз та порівняння швидкості виконання операцій над перестановками з та без використання SIMD інструкцій. Розроблені алгоритми можуть бути використані при реалізації методів, що базуються на великій кількості операцій множення перестановок, що дасть можливість значно підвищити швидкість їх виконання. Ключові слова: , , , , , . Algorithms for performing permutation multiplication using SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) instructions of modern processors are developed and investigated in the article. The purpose of the article is to increase the performance and reduce the power consumption of the processor during the executing of typical permutation operations by creating algorithms for performing permutation operations using SIMD instructions. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the proposed approach to the hardware implementation of permutation multiplication, which through the use of SIMD instructions can reduce the execution time of this operation and, consequently, increase performance and reduce CPU power consumption. The practical value of the article is determined by the developed algorithms for permutation multiplication, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by comparison with classical multiplication procedures. An analysis of SIMD instructions that can be used to perform permutation operations is performed. The developed algorithms are based on the use of advanced processor instructions that allow you to perform operations on data presented in vector format. The advantages of using SIMD instructions to increase the speed of permutation operations are practically identified and investigated. The analysis and comparison of the speed of permutation operations with and without the use of SIMD instructions are performed. Described implementations of permutation multiplication algorithms using SIMD instructions can be used to accelerate permutation operations, in particular in the three-pass cryptographic protocol based on permutations. The use of SIMD instructions makes it possible to speed up permutation multiplication operations up to 2.6 times (depending on the hardware). The developed algorithms can be used in the implementation of methods based on a large number of permutation multiplication operations, which will significantly increase the speed of their execution.

This paper explores language in sport. It draws on systemic functional linguistics to map variations in language as coaches and players change situation, from setting up drills and giving feedback to calling for the ball during the intensity of play. In particular, it explores grammatical and phonological shifts as coaches and players move more toward the ‘language–in–action’ pole of mode. It shows that the more language is used in relation to intense action on the field, the less this meaning is given by the ‘higher levels’ of language (both its higher strata and higher ranks) and the more meaning that is given by the ‘lower levels’ (lower strata and lower ranks). In terms of strata this shifts meaning from the higher stratum of lexicogrammar to the lower stratum of phonology; in terms of rank, this breaks down clause structures to rely heavily on group/phrase and word choices and flattens phonological patterns of intonation, rhythm and syllable structures to rely more on voice quality and timing. This paper thus maps a rich space of registerial variation with significant deviations from typical English patterns.

Background Many similarities exist between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), more so in women than in men. People with comorbid ADHD and BPD represent a subgroup of BPD patients with distinct symptom expression and, consequently, a different prognosis. We used Swedish national high quality registers to assess whether such comorbidity is related to increased mortality risk. The study focused on women with BPD because they are more likely than men to be clinically diagnosed with BPD and present a higher mortality risk, especially for unnatural causes of death, including suicide. Findings In a cohort of 15 847 women diagnosed with BPD a subsequent clinical diagnosis of ADHD did not influence the overall risk of mortality, including suicide. Conclusions Women with comorbid ADHD and BPD have a similar mortality risk as those only diagnosed with BPD.

Background and purpose — Strenuous efforts to minimize postoperative infection rates have been made, including the Swedish nationwide initiative Prosthesis Related Infections Shall be Stopped (PRISS). This study calculated the incidence rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before and after PRISS. Patients and methods — All 45,438 primary TKAs registered in the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) during 2007–2008 and 2012–2013 were included. Matched data on antibiotic prescriptions were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR). All patients with ≥ 28 days of continuous antibiotic treatment within 2 years of primary surgery had their medical charts reviewed to identify cases of PJI. The incidence rate was calculated by dividing the number of PJIs by the total time at risk during each time period and presented as percentages with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results — 644 PJIs were identified, equaling a 2-year incidence rate of 1.45% (CI 1.34–1.57). The incidence rate was 1.44% (CI 1.27–1.61) before PRISS and 1.46% (CI 1.31–1.61) after. Diagnosis was made within 30 days of primary TKA in 52%, and within 90 days in 73% of cases. 603 cases were reoperated on or revised. Median time from operation to diagnosis was 29 days (1–716), for both time periods. Debridement with exchange of the insert was performed in 32% and 63% of cases before and after PRISS, respectively. Interpretation — We found similar incidence rates before and after the PRISS initiative without any statistically significant difference. Time to diagnosis was similar during both time periods. The project may have contributed to increased compliance with treatment protocols.

Objective: To investigate whether the reduced reproductive rate among men born small for gestational age (SGA) or with low birth weight (LBW) is present after up to 44 years of follow-up. Design: Population-based register study. Setting: National registers in Sweden. Patient(s): All men born in Sweden between 1973 and 1993 (n = 1,045,167) followed up to 2018. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Registered fatherhood, infertility diagnoses, and fertility treatments obtained from registers up to 2018 Result(s): Men born SGA or with LBW have a lower chance of becoming fathers than men born with normal birth characteristics: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.91 (0.90-0.92) and 0.88 (0.86-0.90), respectively. The reduction in reproductive rate is more evident after a longer follow-up time. Men born SGA were more likely to receive a diagnosis of infertility. Sperm donation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were more often used in men born SGA, further strengthening the hypothesis of an association between birth characteristics and male infertility. Conclusion(s): Men born SGA or with LBW have a lower chance of becoming fathers, but the reduction in fertility is smaller for the younger cohort. Further studies are needed to determine if this difference is maintained. (C) 2021 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Funding Agencies|ALF grants, Region Ostergotland

Currently, there is a lot of effort that is been done to optimize healthcare management for patients with hereditary angioedema, but there are still difficulties in the regions. Epidemiological data on hereditary angioedema indicate a low level of diagnosis. In several regions, patient pathway have been developed with a detailed description of the different steps on the patient healthcare journey. The patient pathway is a key component of high-quality medical care with optimal timeliness and financial costs. The article is devoted to the organization of hereditary angioedema patients’ pathway.

Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) evaluating response patterns by personal integrity

Musical consonance and dissonance (C/D) refers to the relative agreeableness/stability vs. disagreeableness/need of resolution of simultaneous and successive pitch combinations. The purpose of this study is to explore whether an important element has been omitted from the current research, namely register (the frequency in which the stimuli are presented). In the past, the effect of register has been captured in the form of sharpness which was reported to contribute to consonance (Zwicker & Fastl, 1990). In recent studies, the role of register has been demonstrated to influence C/D ratings when register has been specifically manipulated (Lahdelma & Eerola, 2016) or when the mean pitch of the chords within a same broad register has been included in the modelling (Smit et al., 2019). This pre-registration give details of an empirical experiment designed to probe the role of register in relation to consonance ratings.

Ongoing register of experimental studies (randomized controlled trials, also called "experiments" and sometimes confused as "quasi-experimental studies") assessing the effects of reading comics or derivatives (such as mangas, graphic novels, manhwas, cartoons, strips, webcomics, fotonovelas, bandes dessinées, fanzines, webzines, digital comics, etc.). Includes searches, keywords, summaries of included studies, samples of the comics used, risk of bias assessments and more. In research jargon the methods used to maintain this register are akin to those of living systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. PICOTS keywords: P = babies, children, youth, adolescents, adults, elderly people I = comics, comic books, storybooks, graphic novels, fotonovelas, mangas, manhwas, webcomics and derivatives C = no comics, different comic or derivative, text-only, brochure, leaflet, part of a comic O = any (knowledge, behavior change, attitude, recall, comprehension, trust, anxiety, satisfaction, mood, enjoyment, belief change, attitude change, intention change, motivation, screening uptake, etc.) T = any (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, decades, etc.) S = Any setting (at home, in a classroom, in a waiting room, in a hospital, etc.) S = randomized controlled trials, rapid reviews, systematic reviews

We study whether a new measure of register we propose, the SOLT, corresponds to the annotations of Register provided in the Duden dictionary of German.

Nandong dituturkan dalam acara perkawinan dan acara-acara adat. Dalam keseharian Nandong dituturkan seperti saat melaut, bertani/berkebun, memanen, hingga menidurkan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan variasi teks dalam tutur Nandong. Variasi teks memuat register, genre, dan stilistika (Biber dan Conrad, 2009). Register mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri tertentu yang umum digunakan yang merupakan kesatuan dengan tujuan komunikatif dan situasi kontektual teks. Genre juga mendeskripsikan tujuan dan konteks situasi akan tetapi analisis linguistiknya fokus kepada struktur (teks secara keseluruhan) yang digunakan untuk membangun teks dengan variasinya. Sedangkan stilistika memiliki fokus bahasa yang sama dengan register, akan tetapi kunci perbedaannya terletak pada penggunaan ciri-ciri bahasa tidak termotivasi dengan situasi konteksnya. Akan tetapi lebih kepada merefleksikan kecenderungan estetika, yang terkait dengan penulisnya atau periode sejarahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data Nandong yang diambil adalah salah satu Nandong yang berjudul Smong yang berarti Tsunami. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik dokumentasi melalui internet dan wawancara dengan seorang sastrawan Nandong kelahiran Simeulue. Tutur Nandong yang berjudul Smong dianalisis berdasarkan perspektif register, genre dan stilistika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nandong dalam perspektif register menggunakan subyek jamak dan kata ganti tunggal. Subyek Jamak lebih dominan dari pada subyek tunggal dikarenakan Nandong yang berisikan nasehat ditujukan kepada masyarakat pada umumnya. Sedangkan penggunaan kata ganti tunggal (mu) merupakan metafora yang menggunakan ranah sumber manusia untuk ranah target pulau Simeulue, Kabupaten Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh. Dari segi prosesnya mengandung verba proses yang mendominasi verba tindakan. Pada perspektif genre, susunan teks Nandong memiliki genre naratif yang ditandai dengan adanya pendahuluan, pemaparan masalah, memberikan penyelesaian untuk masalah tersebut serta memiliki hikmah/pelajaran bagi pendengarnya. Melalui perspektif stilistika, ditemukan bahwa gaya bahasa dalam Nandong yang berjudul Smong adalah gaya bahasa metafora, memiliki asonansi sebagai paralelisme ritmenya, serta klimaks yang terdapat pada permasalahan pada struktur naratif.

Funder: Economic and Social Research Council; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000269; Grant(s): ES/R00787X/1: Rebuilding Macroeconomics, Putting i, This paper presents the first sociolinguistic examination of communication in social dilemmas. 90 participants (18 groups of 5) completed a modified public goods game with 2 rounds: an effort-based task and an unscripted online chat about the results. A linear regression shows that consensus-building language in the Round 1 chat affects cooperative behaviour in the Round 2 task. A qualitative analysis of 3 groups explored how participants use different recognisable styles of communication (registers), to strategically align with or disalign from one another (stancetaking). Each analysis is complemented with a quantitative visualisation of how (dis)alignment between participants unfolds in real-time. We found that successful groups employ registers associated with collective action, such as gameshow talk (“ouch. £69 out of a possible £120”), to encourage, punish, and pledge allegiance to one another. Less successful groups use registers that risk evoking mistrust and reducing obligation, such as business talk (“I approve”). We argue that a mixed methods approach to interaction and behaviour can reveal incremental shifts in consensus building that underpin quantitative outcomes.

Background:The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be milder in recent decades.Objective:To investigate how time from onset to disability milestones and how demographic and clinical characteristics have changed through subsequent onset cohorts of patients with MS.Methods:In the nationwide Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, we have registered all 13,562 Danish patients with onset of MS or clinically isolated syndrome from 1996 through 2020. For the analyses of prognosis, we used all cases with relapsing onset ( N = 11,669). After stratification into 5-year onset cohorts, we computed the hazard ratios for disability endpoints for all cohorts having at least 10 years of follow-up and the oldest 1996–2000 onset cohort as reference.Results:Patients in more recent MS onset cohorts have a shorter diagnostic delay and more of them start disease-modifying treatment within 1 year since diagnosis. The prognosis was better for later onset cohorts. For the 2001–2005 cohort, the hazard ratio for confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 4 was 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76–0.95) and for confirmed EDSS 6: 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65–0.88). For the more recent 2006–2010 cohort, the corresponding hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.62–0.79) and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.50–0.71).Conclusion:We observed a considerable improvement of the prognosis in recent onset cohorts of relapsing-onset MS.

The best estimates of the incidence of schizophrenia range more than 25-fold from 3 to 80 per 100,000 person years. To what extent do differences in study design explain this wide variation? We selected all studies published between 2008-2019 reporting the incidence of schizophrenia in general populations of Northern Europe. We identified 17 estimates covering 85 million person-years and more than 15,000 individual cases. The estimates ranged from 4-72 per 100,000 person-years (median 30; interquartile range 13-41). We classified the estimates in terms of three study design factors (coverage of services, time frame, and diagnostic quality) and two population factors (urbanicity and age). A meta-regression model of the three design factors, using the two population factors as covariates, explained 91% of between-study variation. Studies performed in general psychiatric services reported similar estimates [incidence rate ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.43)] to those performed in specialized services. But studies applying a cumulative time frame to diagnosis reported fourfold higher estimates [4.04 (3.14 to 5.2)] than those applying a first-contact time frame. And studies based on clinical diagnoses reported lower estimates [0.55 (0.43 to 0.72)] than those based on standardized research diagnoses. The three study design factors by themselves explained 67% of between-study variation. When comparing incidence rates from different populations, distorsions arising from differences in study design can eclipse differences caused by schizophrenia risk factors, such as gender, age or migrant status. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Suprasegmental contrasts of tone and register are commonplace phonological phenomena among the languages of Mainland Southeast Asia and its periphery (MSEA) (Matisoff 1990, 2001). Insofar as we have come to understand the origins and evolution of such contrasts, two theories predominate: tonogenesis (Haudricourt 1954) and registrogenesis (Huffman 1976). In their classical forms, tonogenesis and registrogenesis are well suited for modeling the development of tone and register in the best known, most studied languages of MSEA, but there is much additional complexity that they fail to capture. This is especially true for languages of Austroasiatic stock, which in many cases have developed tone and register in ways that must be considered ‘unorthodox’ with respect to the received models (Ferlus 1979, 2004, 2011; Diffloth 1982a, 1982b; Svantesson 1989; Gehrmann 2015; Sidwell 2015, 2019). The goal of this thesis is to present a possible way forward towards a unified conceptual framework for tone and register evolution in the languages of MSEA: desegmentalization. Expanding on Dockum’s (2019) concept of desegmental phonology, desegmentalization is the process by which one or more segmental properties (onset phonation, vowel height, vowel length or coda phonation) condition changes in the distribution of a language’s suprasegmental contrasts. A general survey of the Austroasiatic language family is presented, in which documented examples of desegmentalization are presented and discussed. Austroasiatic constitutes a useful laboratory for such a survey, because the identification of the segmental origins of suprasegmental contrasts in Austroasiatic languages is relatively straightforward in comparison to the other language families of MSEA. Based on this survey of desegmentalization processes in Austroasiatic, ten discrete desegmentalization models are proposed. The output typologies for the suprasegmental contrasts produced by each model are compared and implications for a general model of tonogenesis and registrogenesis are explored. This thesis offers (1) a digestible introduction for the non-specialist to the historical development of suprasegmental contrast in MSEA, (2) a resynthesis of current tonogenetic theory which integrates classical tonogenesis, classical registrogenesis and various other, lesser-known evolutionary pathways under the larger umbrella of desegmentalization and (3) a comprehensive overview of tone and register origins in the Austroasiatic family.

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive disorder of posture and movement caused by prenatal or perinatal lesions of the brain. Children with CP are also at increased risk of other disabilities, for example, intellectual disability. Previous studies suggest the risk of intellectual disability varies in complex ways according to the type of motor impairment and perinatal factors such as gestational age.ObjectiveTo determine the patterns of risk of intellectual disability in children with spastic CP.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study using the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register.ParticipantsPersons born in 1981–2008 with congenital bilateral or unilateral spastic CP (N=1452).Outcome measureThe outcome measure was severe intellectual disability (IQ ResultsSevere intellectual disability was significantly more prevalent in children with bilateral spastic CP (BSCP) compared with children with unilateral spastic CP (χ² (2)=162.60, pConclusionsChildren with BSCP are at increased risk of intellectual disability, with those born at term at the highest risk. The findings highlight the importance of early screening, particularly for children with BSCP born at term.

Objective This study aimed to assess the characteristics of different designs of systematic reviews (SRs) registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) about COVID‐19. Methods The search was performed in the PROSPERO database using the strategy proposed by the database and considered only human studies. The last date of the search was April 27, 2020. Full text of all records was accessed, and data were extracted by a single researcher, which was further double‐checked by another researcher. A descriptive analysis was performed considering record characteristics using tables. Results We included 564 records from which the vast majority were registered as SRs (n = 513, 91%). In general, we found poor reporting and missing or confusing information, since 84% of the records (n = 474) did not report the full search that would be adopted, 16% (n = 90) did not report clearly the databases that would be used, and 49.1% (n = 277) did not report the number of primary outcomes. The main focus of most of the records involved clinical, epidemiological, complication, and laboratory characteristics (n = 173, 30.7%) or the treatment of COVID‐19 (n = 138, 24.5%). Conclusion A large number of SRs about COVID‐19 have been conducted, and many of the assessed records were poorly reported and would be difficult to replicate. Besides, collected data points to an epidemic of redundant reviews on COVID‐19.

Contains fulltext : 228177.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: The demographic changes in Europe underline the need for an extension of working lives. This study investigates the importance of physical work demands and psychosocial work factors for working beyond the state pension age (65 years). Methods: We combined data from three cohorts of the general working population in Denmark (DWECS 2005 and 2010, and DANES 2008), where actively employed workers aged 55-59 years replied to questionnaires about work environment and were followed until the age of 66 years in the Danish AMRun register of paid employment. Using logistic regression analyses, we calculated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical and psychosocial work factors and working beyond state pension age, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, cohabiting, sector, income, vocational education, working hours, lifestyle, and previous sickness absence. Results: Of the 2884 workers aged 55-59 years, 1023 (35.5%) worked beyond the state pension age. Higher physical work demands was associated with a lower likelihood (PR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82) and a good psychosocial work environment was associated with higher likelihood (average of 7 items: PR 1.81, 95% CI 1.49-2.20) of working beyond state pension age. Stratified analyses did not change the overall pattern, ie, a good overall psychosocial work environment - as well as several specific psychosocial factors - increased the likelihood of working beyond state pension age, both for those with physically active and seated work. Conclusion: While high physical work demands was a barrier, a good psychosocial work environment seems to facilitate working beyond state pension age, also for those with physically active work. 7 p.

Background: We aimed to describe the burden, severity, and underlying factors of associated impairments among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh. Methods: This study reports findings from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register—the first population-based surveillance of children with CP in any LMIC, where children with confirmed CP aged < 18 years are registered by a multidisciplinary team following a standard protocol. Associated impairments were documented based on clinical assessment, available medical records, and a detailed clinical history provided by the primary caregivers. Descriptive analysis, as well as unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression, were completed using R. Results: Between January 2015 and February 2022, 3820 children with CP were registered (mean (SD) age at assessment: 7.6 (5.0) y; 39% female). Overall, 81% of children had ≥1 associated impairment; hearing: 18%, speech: 74%, intellectual: 40%, visual: 14%, epilepsy: 33%. The presence of a history of CP acquired post-neonatally and having a gross motor function classification system levels III–V significantly increased the odds of different types of associated impairments in these children. Most of the children had never received any rehabilitation services and were not enrolled in any mainstream or special education system. Conclusions: The burden of associated impairments was high among children with CP, with comparatively low receipt of rehabilitation and educational services in rural Bangladesh. Comprehensive intervention could improve their functional outcome, participation, and quality of life.

This study presents a lexical semantic analysis of the French verb blaguer and related expressions. This verb belongs to a suite of “French humour practices”, and French-English dictionaries translate it as ‘to joke’. However, Anglo-specific terminology such as “joke” does not match the conceptual semantics of blaguer and its related noun blague. Relying on Anglo-specific terms to categorise culture-specific practices perpetuates conceptual and terminological Anglocentrism. This study furthers the call to avoid the dangers of sustaining Anglocentrism in the theoretical vocabulary of humour studies (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 2014a). Working from the assumption that semantic categories reflect particular ways of speaking, thinking, and behaving, this study’s goal is to capture the insider perspective that French speakers have about the meaning of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Making local understandings more obvious and accessible to cultural and linguistic outsiders will increase cross-cultural understanding and foster appreciation for the different ways that speakers construct and interpret their world with words (Levisen & Waters 2017). The analytical tool for this study is the technique of semantic explication couched in the simple cross-translatable and culture-neutral words of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014). Carefully chosen example sentences are drawn from Google searches (google.fr) of authentic language use of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Comparative reference is made to the verb ‘to joke’ from Australian English to highlight the differences in the conversational humour cultures of French and English speakers (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Béal & Mullan 2013, 2017).

GENERAL INFORMATION Title of table of covariates: Definition of covariates. Contact information // Name: Håkon Magne Vegrim // Institution: University of Bergen // E-mail: hakon.vegrim@uib.no // ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-2883 Contributors to this table: Jannicke Igland, Julie Werenberg Dreier, Silje Alvestad, Marte-Helene Bjørk Description of the dataset: This table provides a detailed overview of all included covariates that are used in "High Dose Folic Acid during Pregnancy in Mothers with Epilepsy and Cancer Risk in their Children: A Scandinavian Register-Based Cohort Study" by Vegrim et al. DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: - Definitions_of_covariates.pdf METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION As described in Materials and Methods in the publication: "High Dose Folic Acid during Pregnancy in Mothers with Epilepsy and Cancer Risk in their Children: A Scandinavian Register-Based Cohort Study" by Vegrim et al.&nbsp

GENERAL INFORMATION Title of table of covariates: Definition of covariates. Contact information // Name: Håkon Magne Vegrim // Institution: University of Bergen // E-mail: hakon.vegrim@uib.no // ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-2883 Contributors to this table: Jannicke Igland, Julie Werenberg-Dreier, Silje Alvestad, Marte-Helene Bjørk Description of the dataset: This table provides a detailed overview of all included covariates that is used in "High Dose Folic Acid during Pregnancy in Mothers with and without Epilepsy and Cancer Risk in their Children: A Scandinavian Register-Based Cohort Study" by Vegrim et al. DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: - Definitions_of_covariates.pdf METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION As described in Materials and Methods in the project:"High Dose Folic Acid during Pregnancy in Mothers with and without Epilepsy and Cancer Risk in their Children: A Scandinavian Register-Based Cohort Study" by Vegrim et al. Any questions about the project can be directed to themain author.

Background: Register diagnoses, both hospital-based and from open clinic care, are often used in research studies in Sweden. The validity of such diagnoses has been debated and a validation assessment can improve the diagnostic accuracy for use in research studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of register-derived dementia diagnoses in the Malmo Diet and Cancer population study (MDCS) and to validate these diagnoses using systematic criteria. Methods: MDCS is a population-based prospective study comprising 30,446 participants. Register diagnoses of dementia for the MDCS population were derived from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) and validated through re-evaluation of available medical records by physicians. Results: In the MDCS cohort, 2,206 participants were diagnosed with dementia according to the NPR during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. The general dementia diagnosis was valid in 96% of the cases, but 40% of the specific dementia diagnoses were changed during the process of reevaluation. The diagnostic validity varied between 25.2% and 82.9% for the different diagnoses. The results from the validity assessment per diagnostic category revealed that the validity of the NPR diagnoses was higher for the more specific diagnoses and lower for unspecified dementia. The major diagnostic shift during the re-evaluation was from unspecified dementia to more specific diagnoses. Conclusion: Validation of dementia diagnoses using medical records results in more precise diagnoses. Dementia diagnoses derived from registers should be validated in order to study associations between influential factors and different dementia diagnoses. Funding Agencies|Region Halland, Sweden

Введение: проблематика критериев классификации государственных реестров относится к числу малоисследованных. При анализе действующего российского законодательства, регламентирующего формирование и применение различных видов государственных реестров, возникает закономерная необходимость в разграничении большого массива функционирующих реестров. Цель: предложить авторскую классификационную систему государственных реестров на основании шести критериев, которая позволят раскрыть сущностное содержание, структуру и практическое значение рассматриваемых юридических инструментов. Методологическая основа: в основу классификации государственных реестров по определенным критериям положены в качестве доминирующих следующие методы: структурно-системный подход, диалектический синтез, формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой, обобщение, наблюдение. Результаты: классификация данных правовых документов способствует выявлению социального назначения государственных реестров, их упорядочиванию, повышению эффективности применения данных юридических инструментов, действующих в различных сферах деятельности; определению их места и значения, как в общей системе правовых документов, так и в регулировании общественных отношений, совершенствовании правотворческой и правоприменительной деятельности. Выводы: предложенная автором классификационная модель государственных реестров позволяет раскрыть их качественное многообразие, усовершенствовать их систему., Background: the problem of criteria for classifying state registries belongs to the category of little-studied. When analyzing the current Russian legislation regulating the formation and use of various types of state registries, there is a natural need to distinguish a large array of functioning registries. Objective: to propose an author’s classification system of state registers based on six criteria, which will reveal the essential content, structure and practical significance of the legal instruments under consideration. Methodology: the classification of state registers according to certain criteria is based on the following methods as dominant: structural-system approach, dialectical synthesis, formal-legal, comparative-legal, generalization, observation. Results: classification of these legal documents contributes to the identification of the social purpose of state registers, their ordering, improving the effectiveness of the use of these legal instruments operating in various fields of activity; determining their place and significance, both in the general system of legal documents and in the regulation of public relations, improving law-making and law enforcement activities. Conclusions: the classification model of state registers proposed by the author allows us to reveal their qualitative diversity and improve their system.

This paper analyses the differential object marking (DOM) in the variety of Spanish in contact with Catalan during the second half of the 19th Century. Specifically, two corpora with different degrees of formality written in Spanish in the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) have been studied and compared with a third corpus of letters in Spanish from areas without contact to other languages. The results indicate that Spanish-Catalan contact constrains the increase of DOM in Spanish, which is also influenced by other factors like register., Este estudio analiza el marcado diferencial de objeto (DOM) en la variedad del castellano en contacto con el catalán en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto se estudian dos corpus escritos en castellano en la ciudad de Tarragona (Cataluña), con diferentes grados de formalidad, y se comparan con un tercer corpus de cartas en español y remitidas desde zonas sin contacto con otras lenguas. Nuestro análisis confirma que el contacto español-catalán limita el avance del DOM, que se muestra también sensible a otros factores como el registro.

The Varieties of English for Specific Purposes dAtabase (VESPA first release) is the result of an international corpus compilation project that aims to address the lack of large-scale, open access, multi-L1, multi-discipline and multi-register learner corpora. This corpus report provides a detailed description of VESPA and illustrates possible uses of the corpus for register exploration of learner data. Specifically, it first offers an overview of the makeup of the corpus and the online interface that can be used to search and download the corpus. It then gives an illustrative example of a study where multi-dimensional analysis was used to investigate the relative importance of register vis-à-vis other factors in learner academic writing. In the concluding remarks, we identify priorities for future developments in the VESPA project, including the addition of more L1 components, more disciplines and more registers, as well as the compilation of a comparable corpus of native student writing.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the use of biologic agents in these diseases in Norway. Methods From the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR), we identified as PsA, axSpA and RA patients >= 18 years those with >= 2 recorded episodes with diagnostic coding for index disease (L40.5, M07.0-M07.3 for PsA; M45, M46.0, M46.1, M46.8 and M46.9 for axSpA; M05-M06 for RA). We calculated the point prevalence of PsA, axSpA and RA as per the 1(st) of January 2017 in the Norwegian adult population (age >= 18). Dispensed disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) prescriptions were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database and biologic DMARDs given in hospitals from the NPR. Results The point prevalence of PsA, axSpA, RA, and any of these diseases in total was 0.46%, 0.41%, 0.78%, and 1.56%, respectively. Among women, the prevalence of PsA, axSpA, and RA was 0.50%, 0.37%, and 1.10%, and among men 0.43%, 0.45%, and 0.46%, respectively. In 2017, 27.3% of RA patients, 25.7% of PsA patients and 35.1% of axSpA patients used biologic DMARDs. Treatment with biologics was more frequent in younger age groups in all three diseases, and became more infrequent especially after age >= 55 years. Conclusion In Norway, the combined prevalence of PsA, axSpA, and RA was over 1.5%. Reflecting the good overall access to highly effective but costly biologic treatments, more than a fourth of these patients used biologic agents, which corresponds to over 0.4% of Norwegian adult population.

Tota empresa que tracta amb residus ha de tenir una regulació del material d'entrada i sortida per complir amb la llei vigent. En aquest treball es desenvoluparà una aplicació destinada a poder registrar aquests residus d'una manera senzilla i eficaç, poder accedir-hi i visualizar-los intuïtivament, i poder extreure'n informes adaptats al client a qui va destinat el sistema. Every company that deals with waste must have a regulation of the input and output material to comply with current law. In this work, an application will be developed to be able to register this waste in a simple and efficient way, to be able to access and visualize it intuitively, and to be able to extract reports adapted to the client for whom the system is intended. Toda empresa que trata con residuos debe tener una regulación del material de entrada y salida para cumplir con la ley vigente. En este trabajo se desarrollará una aplicación destinada a poder registrar estos residuos de una forma sencilla y eficaz, poder acceder a ellos y visualizarlos intuitivamente, y poder extraer informes adaptados al cliente al que va destinado el sistema.

В статье анализируются состав и функции антропонимов, зафиксированных в памятнике деловой письменности старобелорусского языка "Рэестры путных баяр Полацкага ваяводства 1585 г.", устанавливается количество имен собственных, определяется их структура, способы образования, степень адаптации христианских имен на восточнославянской почве. = The article analyzes the composition and functions of anthroponyms, recorded in the monument of business writing of the Old Belarusian language "Register of worthy bayars of Polatsk vaivodstva" of 1585, establishes the number of proper names, determines their structure, methods of formation, the degree of adaptation of Christian names on East Slavic soil.

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung des gesellschaftlichen Lebens eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die moderne Gesundheitsversorgung. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt innovative Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, die mithilfe von Methoden wie „Big Data“, künstlicher Intelligenz (KI), „Intelligence Augmentation“ (IA) und „Machine Learning“ helfen könnten, die Schwerverletztenversorgung der Zukunft nachhaltig zu verbessern. Für die erfolgreiche Anwendung dieser Methoden müssen geeignete Datenquellen erschlossen werden. Das TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie e.V.) stellt in Deutschland im Bereich der Schwerverletztenversorgung gegenwärtig die größte Datenbasis dar, die für digitale Innovationen potenziell genutzt werden könnte. Hieran lassen sich beispielhalft gut Problemfelder wie Datentransfer, Interoperabilität, Vereinheitlichung von Datensätzen, Parameterdefinitionen und die Sicherstellung des Datenschutzes aufzeigen, die noch wesentliche Herausforderungen für die Digitalisierung der Traumaversorgung darstellen. Neben der Weiterentwicklung neuer Analysemethoden muss auch weiter nach Lösungen für die Frage gesucht werden, wie die intelligente Verknüpfung der relevanten Daten aus den verschiedenen Datenquellen am besten gelingen kann.

Objective Evidence point to intergenerational effects of trauma in refugee populations. This study estimates the risk of psychiatric diagnoses in children of severely traumatized refugees. The unique clinical sample consisted of refugee parents treated for torture trauma and war trauma, and outcomes were investigated using population-level data. Method A nationwide register study, following all children residing in Denmark. The exposure was parental torture trauma and war trauma, and outcomes were any psychiatric disorder, mood, neurotic, behavioural and emotional disorders and disorders of psychological development. Children's hazard of being diagnosed was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Study participants were followed from the date of birth or immigration to their 18th birthday. Results The cohort included 3 346 993 children of which 19 294 were identified as offspring to traumatized refugees. During the study period, 205 610 children were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Children with parents from the Middle East and Northern Africa had a hazard ratio of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.84) for those treated for parental trauma and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.81) for those not treated compared with children of non-traumatized Danish-born parents. For children of parents from former Yugoslavia, the corresponding estimates were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.81) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.73). Conclusion The results suggest that children of parents with and without registered torture trauma and war trauma have a lower risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder compared to children of Danish-born parents. These findings contradict research done on the transmission of trauma but supports evidence suggesting mental health services underutilization by refugee and ethnic minority populations.

Aim. To determine the main factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients after acute cerebrovascular accident based on the medical history data. Material and methods. The study used the data of retrospective hospital part of the REGION-M register, which included all patients hospitalized in one Moscow city clinical hospital from January 1, 2012 to March 30, 2017 with stroke and transient ischemic attack. We analyzed the presence of following parameters’ information in case histories of patients who died in hospital and those who were discharged: risk factors (RF), socio-demographic factors, history of cardiovascular and concomitant diseases. The association of factors recorded at hospital admission with mortality rate was studied, and multivariate logistic regression was constructed. A combination of factors significantly associated with in-hospital mortality was determined. Results. Of 900 patients (365 (40,6%) men and 535 (59,4%) women) included in the REGION-M register, 216 (24,0%) died in the hospital. Assessment of the RF information presence showed that the smoking data was disclosed in 54,3% of case histories, family history — 1,1%, education level — 8,6%, alcohol consumption — 7,4%, disability — 79,1%, hypercholesterolemia — 6,4%. However, there were no significant differences on the completeness of the data collection on the listed RF between deceased and discharged patients. Factors such as gender, age, and outcome were described in all case histories. Univariate analysis of factors significantly associated with patients’ mortality marked out age and history of cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), venous thrombosis) and/or concomitant diseases (diabetes, anemia). Multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality as follows: CAD, AF, diabetes, venous thrombosis. Conclusion. Hospital-based physicians pay little attention to the recording of cardiovascular RF and sociodemographic parameters in patients with stroke, regardless of the condition severity and outcome. In-hospital mortality is associated with age, CAD, AF, diabetes, and venous thrombosis. Region-M register workgroup: Akimova A. V., Arutyunov G. P., Belova E. N., Blagodatskikh S. V., BoytsovS. A., Budaeva I. V., Vernokhae-va A. N., ViskovR. V., Voronina V. P., GladilkinaM. P., DeevA. D., Dmitrieva N. A., Drapkina O. M., Zagrebelny A.V., Kvitivadze G. K., Kudryashov E. N.., Kokareva I. V., Kudryashov E. V., Kutishenko N. P., Lerman O. V., Lukina Yu. V., LukyanovM. M., Martsevich S. Yu., Matveeva A. D., Matske-vich L. A., Mitichkin A. E., Nikitina G. I., Nekoshnova E. S., OvsepyanM. A., Okshina E. Yu., PalamarchukV. N., Parsadanyan N. E., PorezanovaM. V., Stakhovskaya L. V., Stolboushkina E. A., Hapaeva M. A., Chernyshova M. I., Shamalov N. A.

The aim to compare various sources of the pharmacotherapy safety information in the outpatient register.Materials and methods. The original questionnaire included several questions for assessing information about patients’ knowledge of the concept of AEs of drug therapy, awareness of the possibility of drugs’ AEs, how often patients read the instructions for drugs and actions of patients in cases of AEs occurrence. Adverse events appearance were noted by the patients themselves in questionnaire and by doctors when completing the IRCs for the period from September 1. 2017 to May 31. 2018 are compared.Results. Of the 162 patients who answered the questions in the original questionnaire, there were 80 women and 82 men. 112 patients were observed by doctors regularly (at least 1 time per year), 16 people visited doctors 1 time in 1–2 years, 14 people were with a doctor more than 2 years ago, in 18 patients information on the regularity of observation by doctors is not indicated were. According to the questionnaire, the majority of patients (145 (89.5 %)) were familiar with information about the possibility of developing side effects of drugs, and 125 (86.2 %) people received this information from their doctor, 19 (13.1 %) noted that the doctor did not inform them about this. Only 6 patients did not know anything about AE pharmacotherapy. As the questionnaire showed, most patients get acquainted with the instructions for the prescribed medications. Comparison of data from the IRCs and questionnaires revealed more frequent registration of AE by doctors; however, there was an incomplete coincidence of information about the presence of AE from different sources.Conclusion. Using data from the retrospective-prospective registry with obtaining information about adverse events from doctors in combination with simultaneous patients questionare could get more complete information about safety of pharmacotherapy. At the same time solution to the problem of farmacotherapy safety lives in optimizing the doctor–patient relationship.

During the first cholera epidemic in Vilnius in 1831, a hospital for cholera patients was set up in the Pohulanka district. Over a thousand patients were treated there, of whom approximately half died. Although it was intended for the Roman Catholic population, people of various faiths were admitted. The article is an attempt at a demographic and social analysis of those who died during the epidemic, with the source for the research the register of those who died of cholera, drawn up and kept between April 10, 1831 and January 3, 1832 by Father Kazimierz Kontrym. Thanks to the preserved data, it was possible to determine the age structure of 553 men and women, their religion, social status, information on whether they received the last rites and where they were buried.

Studies in the area of discourse analysis in Nigeria have explored so many aspects of human life. However, existing studies have glossed over the nature of discussions in pubs. Sourcing data from selected pubs in three southwestern states of Nigeria, this study investigates the nature of interactions in pubs, using register and common ground theoretical framework. Analysing a total of nine (9) excerpts, the study shows that women/ladies, football and politics are three common topics in the discourse in southwestern pubs. The means of conversing is always spoken and this makes for the spontaneous flow of the discussions. Discussions are usually casual despite the fact that affective involvement is usually high. The affective involvement is usually due to the passion people have for the topics identified. Power relation is usually equal and, in few cases where it is not, common ground’s coordinating devices like convention, precedence and manifest are utilised to sustain cordiality and avoid domination or intimidation. The study concludes that language use in pubs has its peculiarity and uniqueness and therefore deserves linguistic enquiry.

As is well known, formal and colloquial registers should not be understood as two independent departments without any relation between them, but as two extremes of the continuum of speech. It should be added that this continuum will be different for speakers of different languages, since certain lexical, pragmatic or syntactic elements, among others, can be understood as corresponding to different registers, either due to the influence of the L1 or the learning process. The aim of this study is to analyze the existence of pairs of lexical preferences according to the register. In addition, it will be checked if these lexical preferences are given in both L1 and L2