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Satureja hortensis L. dünya üzerinde geniş bir coğrafyada doğal olarak yetişen ve ciddi varyasyon gösteren önemli bir tıbbi aromatik bitkidir. Bu araştırma 2016 yılında, İran’ın farklı lokasyonlarından 14 (İsfahan, Ahvaz, Colfa, Tebriz, Salmas, Azerşehr, Karac, Nagade, Kazerun, Tahran, Erdebil, Khoy, Urmiye, Şahindej) ve Türkiye’den bir adet (Konya) olmak üzere 15 farklı Satureja hortensis L. genotipinin Erzurum ekolojik koşullarında adaptasyon ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme “Şansa Bağlı Tam Bloklar” deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Satureja hortensis L. genotiplerin bitki boyu 29.42-40.83 cm; çiçeklenme süresi 73.80-91.25 gün; dal sayısı 18.33-20.95 adet bitki-1; kuru herba verimi 425-610.21 kg da-1; yeşil herba verimi 1304-1671 kg da-1, tohum verimi 40-140 kg da-1; bin tane ağırlığı 0.4-0.7 g; uçucu yağ verimi 2.9-7.11 kg da-1 ve uçucu yağ oranı % 0.72-1.14 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Genotiplerin bitki boyu, çiçeklenme süresi, tohum verimi ve bin tane ağırlığı bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Satureja hortensis L. genotiplerin tamamının bölge koşullarında kolaylıkla yetişebileceği anlaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kuru herba verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimi açısından Türkiye; yeşil herba verimi bakımından Khoy; tohum verimi bakımından ise Azerşehr genotipi en iyi performansı göstermiştir. Satureja hortensis L. Erzurum dahil Türkiye’nin birçok yerinde doğal bitki örtüsünde yer almasına karşın kültürü yapılmayan bir bitkidir. Bu bağlamda deneme koşullarında yürütülen bu tür çalışmalar bitkinin performansının ve özelliklerinin ortaya konması ve kültüre alınmasının sağlanması yönünde gerçekleştirilmiş önemli bir adım olarak görülebilir. This study was conducted to determine the adaptation and some agricultural traits of Satureja hortensis L. genotypes from Iran and Turkey in 2016 under Erzurum ecological conditions. The fifteen genotypes of Satureja hortensis L. were used in this study; İsfahan, Ahvaz, Colfa, Tebriz, Salmas, Azerşehr, Karac, Nagade, Kazerun, Tahran, Ardebil, Khoy, Urmiye, Şahindej from Iran and Konya from Turkey. The experimental design was the completed block with four replications. S. hortensis L. genotypes significantly differed in days to flowering, plant height, 1000 seed weights and seed yield. Based on the results of this experiment the values for the parameters studied in the study were found as 29.42-40.83 cm for plant height, 73.80-91.25 for days to flowering, 18.33-20.95 for the number of branches, 425-610.21 kg da-1 for dry herb yield, 1304-1671 kg da-1 for fresh herb yield, 40-140 kg da-1 for seed yield, 0.4-0.7 gr for 1000 seed weights, 2.9- 7.11 kg da-1 for essential oil yield and 0.72-1.14 % for essential oil percent. This research suggested that the Satureja hortensis L. plant could be easily grown in Erzurum ecological conditions. According to the study results, the genotype Turkey could be recommended to the region’s producers for dry herb yield, essential oil yield, essential oil percent, the genotype Khoy for fresh herb yield and the genotype Azerşehr for seed yield. In conclusion, genotypes of Satureja hortensis L. adapted to these climate conditions may provide a new option for growers.

Satureja hortensis L. is an annual herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae Lindl. family. S. hortensis L., related to thyme and rosemary, is used as spice and traditional medicinal herb in Europe. Mainly due to the polyphenols contained in S. hortensis L., this plant exhibits multiple biological effects. However, therapeutic effects on cells, including skin tumors, have not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the composition and the resulting antioxidant as well as biological properties [on melanocytes and melanoma cells] of summer, savory growing in botanical garden of Vytautas Magnus University in middle Lithuania climatic conditions, collected during various phases of vegetation. It has been shown that the budding phase alcohol extract of this plant contains the largest amounts of polyphenols, including rutin and rosemary acid, which promote the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties. In contrast, the extract from the massive flowering phase already at a concentration of 12.5 &micro, g/mL reduces the survival of melanoma cells to 60% with 90% melanocytes survival. In addition, extracts from beginning of flowering and end of flowering at a concentration of 25 &micro, g/mL, containing significantly less rutin and rosmarinic acid, in combination with irradiation of cells with UVB, significantly increased the lipid peroxidation process, particularly in melanoma cells. These data indicate the possibility of using extracts from S. hortensis L. to modulate/differentiate the metabolism of normal and tumor skin cells.

In this study there were evaluated total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 3 herbs species, that are commonly used in fresh stage (summer savory – Satureja hortensis L., marjoram – Majorana hortensis M. and thyme – Thymus vulgaris L.) in dependence on time of harvest. The total flavonoid content ranged from 2.36 to 4.10 g of catechin equivalents (CE).100g−1 of dry weight (dw) of plant material. The highest average total flavonoids content was ascertained in aerial part of summer savory colected in first harvest (4.10 g CE.100g−1 dw) and the lowest in aerial part of summer savory collected in third harvest (2.36 g CE.100g−1 dw). The highest total flavonoid content was measured by all tested species in plant material harvested in first time of harvest. The highest total phenolic content was estimated in plant material of marjoram harvested in the second time of harvest (6.74 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE).100g−1 dw) and the lowest in aerial part of summer savory harvested in the third time of harvest (4.16 g GAE .100g−1 dw). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) ranged from 1,13 (summer savory, harvest No. 3) to 1.91 g GAE .100g−1 dw (thyme, harvest No. 1). The best results of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and FRAP were obtained by marjoram. Among harvest times there were the highest contents of measured compound mainly by the samples collected in the first time of harvest.

In this study the changes of the characteristics of Satureja hortensis herb were investigated during flowering period, in case of savories of 4 different origins. The change of drying ratio, leaf/stem ratio, essential oil content, the ratio of several essential oil components (carvacrol, y-terpinene, p-cymol, a-pinene, p-pinene and fi-caryophyllene) were studied from bud formation till seed ripening.

WOS: 000492801100058 The antifungal effects of essential oils from Satureja species (Satureja cilicica, S. cuneifolia, S. hortensis, S. montana, S. spicigera and S. thymbra) tested for their efficacy against eight Fusarium species (Fusarium avenaceaum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. semitectum and F. solani). The oils of Satureja species at three levels of concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mu l of each 20 ml PDA medium) mixed with the medium and then, the mediums were inoculated with fungal isolates. To evaluate the efficacy of oils against the colony growth, the diameter of colonies measured every 24 hours and compared with their controls. The results showed that essential oils have antifungal activity at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mu l/20mL concentrations and higher levels of oils (10, 20, and 30 mu l/20 ml). Some fungal isolates (Fusarium avenaceaum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum and F. solani) could grow in the low oils concentration (0.5-5 mu l/20 ml) especially when the fungal isolates treated with the S. cuneifolia oil. The higher concentrations of oil (10, 20, and 30 mu l/20 ml) prevents the colony growth of Fusarium in the medium. The oils showed effective control of the plant pathogenic fungi growth in the medium with 100% inhibitory rates. According to the results of this experiment, the oil of Satureja species has the potential to inhibit the growth of Fusarium species.