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Presents information on a study which screened hemoglobin with alkaline electrophoresis on cellulose acetate followed by acid electrophoresis on citrate agar in New York City. Critical application of specimens to the citrate agar plates of the screening procedure; Accurate monitoring of the hemoglobin screening method; Results and discussion.

Over 50,000 defendants are referred for competency to stand trial evaluations each year in the United States (Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers, New York, NY: The Guildford Press; 2018). Approximately 20% of those individuals are found by courts to be incompetent and are referred for "restoration" or remediation (Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers, 4th edn. New York, NY: The Guildford Press; 2018; Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1991;19:63–9). The majority of those incompetent defendants meet criteria for psychotic illnesses (J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2007;35:34–43). Forensic mental health professionals frequently have such patients/defendants decline recommended treatment with psychotropic medication. For a significant minority of defendants diagnosed with psychotic disorders, treatment with medication is thought to be necessary to restore their competency to stand trial. Without psychiatric intervention to restore competency, defendants may be held for lengthy and costly hospitalizations while criminal proceedings are suspended. In these situations, clinicians are guided by the Supreme Court decision, Sell v. United States (2003). The Sell opinion describes several clinical issues courts must consider when determining whether a defendant can be treated involuntarily solely for the purpose of restoring his/her competency. This paper offers some guidance to clinicians and evaluators who are faced with making recommendations or decisions about involuntary treatment. Using a question and answer format, the authors discuss data that support a decision to request, or not request, court authorization for involuntary treatment. Specifically, eight questions are posed for forensic evaluators to consider in determining the prognosis or viability of successful treatment and restoration. Finally, a clinical vignette is also presented to highlight important factors to consider in Sell‐related evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1947, the Cornell psychiatrist Keeve Brodman and a handful of colleagues began developing what would become one of the most widely used health questionnaires of its time—the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). A rigidly standardized form, the CMI presented 195 yes-no questions designed to capture the health status of "the total patient." Over the following decades, Brodman's project of standardizing medical history taking gradually evolved into a project of mathematizing and computerizing diagnosis: out of the CMI grew the Medical Data Screen (MDS), one of the first computerized methods of deriving diagnoses from patient data. This essay follows the life course of these tools through the second half of the twentieth century. It argues for a genealogy of biomedical computing and computerized diagnosis that takes more seriously the continuities between computer-based digital practices and paper-based analog ones. The computerized MDS evolved from, and rested upon, paper data practices associated with questionnaires and surveys. The interlocking histories of the CMI and the MDS prompt a reconsideration of the material and temporal parameters within which the history of computerized medicine has conventionally been understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the criticisms against the "New York Post" for running a photograph of Diana Chien who committed suicide in New York City. Defense of chief copy editor, Barry Gross on the use of the picture; Effects of the incident on the manner of reporting suicides in the media.

Deals with the success of the auction of physics-related books and manuscripts on October 4, 2002 at Christie's auction house in New York City. Comments from Francis Wahlgren of Christie's; Worth of the Albert Einstein-Michele Besso manuscript sold at the auction; Purpose of Harvey Plotnick in selling his physics collection.

Announces the Ninth International Conference of the National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization from October 25 to 28, 2001 in New York City. Theme of the conference.

London and New York have often been hailed for their sustainable planning practices. However, when one focuses on the entire city region, there is ever-increasing car-dependent development. This paper focuses on the exurban region of the two cities investigating transport-created CO2emissions. The research is based on the analysis of data of the National Travel Surveys of Great Britain and the USA through a quantification of personal travel and a top-down estimation of CO2emissions. It is the exurban region that accounts for the vast majority of CO2emissions: 77% for London and 87% for New York. In the wider region for both cities there is a policy vacuum and dearth of regional planning mechanisms to deliver policies to reduce CO2emissions. The paper argues that transport needs to be planned at the city-regional scale.ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHERCopyright of Journal of Environmental Planning & Management is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While economic-oriented theories identify a "homogenized" or "Americanized." unidirectional model of global sport, figurational theories conceptualize globalization as much more complicated, multifaceted, and interactional. However, the spread or "achievement" sport is seen as central in both approaches. This paper investigates the degree to which "achievement" criteria characterize the sporting behavior and sporting perceptions of adolescents in Berlin and suburban New York. We find evidence that adolescents from both samples accept competition and training as important components of their sport concepts, and examples of some of these components associated with gender differences transcending national boundaries. We also identify differences in the sport concepts or Berlin and suburban New York youth, both in the types of sports they play and in the meaning they attach to these activities. These differences lead us to question the ubiquity of "achievement" sport as a component of globalization, and hence, the efficacy of theories stressing "homogenization" and unidirectionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory suggests that community organizations and networks are essential to promoting the socioeconomic integration of disconnected youth--particularly disconnected youth of Puerto Rican and Dominican Latino ethnic origin. Yet the types of community organizations and networks present in the local settings disconnected youth engage in, and the potential of these networks to impact economic outcomes experienced by this youth population, remain relatively unknown. This paper presents an overview of the types of community-based youth serving organizations present in local settings in which Puerto Rican and Dominican disconnected youth engage. It also typologizes strategies used by these organizations to support the integration of disconnected youth. Drawing on findings from a survey and case studies of community based youth serving organizations in Northern Manhattan, the findings indicate that the role of community-based youth serving organizations in supporting disconnected youth both flanks and contests the forces of exclusion confronting this youth population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the history of New York City’s Greenmarket program, a municipal farmers market program designed to bring fresh local food to New Yorkers as well as to prevent the loss of regional farmland to increasing suburbanization. In the 38 years since it was established, Greenmarket has expanded from a single location with 7 vendors to 195 vendors selling at fifty-three markets across all five boroughs. This paper traces tensions created by the program’s growth, its shifting place in the city’s food retail environment, and its current renewed commitment to the original goals. Drawing on primary documents, New York Times articles, and other popular press, this paper presents a comprehensive history of NYC’s Greenmarket, describes its unique position in New York City, and ability to serve as a model for other cities’ food planning efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper outlines plans for a research project on representations of basketball in New York City. It argues that a highly performative style of playground basketball strongly associated with racialized urban ghettos, often referred to as “streetball,” has become a significant way that basketball-related products has been marketed in the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries. These marketing efforts are an important source of popular fantasy about the “iconic ghetto,” and work to maintain racialized spatial relations in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines a historic preservation controversy that surrounded redevelopment efforts in Coney Island during the late 2000s. This longstanding amusement district in Brooklyn, New York inspired widespread agreement about its importance as a heritage destination. The apparent agreement, however, belied profound differences over the aspects of the neighborhood that contributed to its iconic stature and about how they should relate to plans for the area's redevelopment. Because heritage value is not an inherent attribute of the built environment, these divergent cultural claims raise questions about how this value comes about. The literature on heritage finds answers to these questions in processes of community formation. This explanation, however, offers limited insight into the classification of Coney Island features as objects of heritage. I make sense of the valorization of these features in terms of experiential qualities that cast an anachronistic glow over Coney Island and that inspired in preservation advocates a sense of the neighborhood's heritage. By looking beyond community dynamics and examining alternative ways in which heritage value arises, my research contributes to our understanding of the contentiousness that surrounds the redevelopment of historic places. It also poses a challenge to preservation efforts that assume the centrality of communities to heritage value claims, bypassing the anterior question of how people experience and understand places of heritage in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper problematizes public housing privatization. It compares the trajectory of tenure change in two garden communities – Garbatella, Rome and Sunnyside Gardens, New York City – which privileged public and private ownership, respectively. The cases are currently dealing with tenure change. Sunnyside experienced the enclosure of gardens and citizens’ attempt to reclaim what was held in common in order to bring back the communal spaces. Garbatella is a place where growth over time of rights, powers, immunities, and privileges is manifested in long-lasting processes of appropriation of public housing goods. Despite their different stories, Sunnyside helps to problematize the process of public housing privatization in Garbatella which is further complicated by tenure complexity, State-induced rent gap and institutional displacement. The analysis of tenure change, done by using the ‘incidents of ownership’ notion developed by Marcuse, contributes to the understanding of what public housing privatization means in social and spatial terms. Housing privatization leads to an erosion of the in-between space where individual and collective aspiration meet as a precondition for the reproduction of what is held in common: spatial goods such as open spaces and housing – a fundamental aspect of our citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines the life and work of the nineteenth-century French-American artist Victor Prevost. While Prevost's name is familiar to photography historians, the diversity of his artistic accomplishments has not been fully appreciated. An artist celebrated for work in several mediums, Prevost was already making large-format calotypes in 1851 while living in New York City. He was also responsible for innovations in telescopic photography, joining with astronomers at the West Point Military Academy in 1854 to capture a solar eclipse on paper. This paper seeks to broaden knowledge of Prevost's life and work as a commercial artist in New York during the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critics often mourn a loss of publicness in cities due to the increased presence of antiterror security zones and related behavioral and access controls, although recent work suggests that security landscapes have shifted from the hard, intense, militarized architecture of the late 1990s-early 2000s to a softer, less obtrusive approach more commonly seen today. Nonetheless, these studies are mostly anecdotal in nature: few studies attempt to back these claims with empirical evidence and even fewer connect this physical security imposition with the policies and plans governing its implementation and operation. In this paper I describe results of site visits to Civic Centers and Financial Districts in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. In each neighborhood I catalog security landscapes using a simple tool to assess the intensity, duration, and location of individual security zones. I find that the security landscape covers between 3.4% and 35.7% of publicly accessible space in the districts studied, and that this landscape is most prevalent and intense in New York City. I also find that security zones governed by multistakeholder networks are more intense and militarized than zones managed by a single entity. By understanding how the policies impact physical security, albeit in a relatively small sample of cities and districts, we can better predict what the future of urban security measures might hold. This paper provides empirical grounding to more common theoretical speculations regarding the future of the urban security landscape in the global West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ongoing challenge faced by the Chicana author in developing and implementing a feminist of colour curriculum for an after-school women group in a large New York City high school. The focus of this paper is to explore the challenges of diverse cultural exchanges of feminist knowledge, even within the same geographical location and especially where there exists unequal institutional, political or social power among and between group members and facilitators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the significance of Strawberry Fields, the memorial to John Lennon in Central Park, New York City, as a place of secular pilgrimage. Situated within postmodern conceptualizations of secular pilgrimage, Strawberry Fields is shown to be the spatial focus of a variety of discourses related to John Lennon's life and music. Furthermore, this paper illustrates how autobiography as a qualitative research method can reveal the sentiments that motivate particular pilgrims to places associated with major figures in popular music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews childcare industry through social science literature and contemporary perspectives. It was clear that although a popular small business venture, serious studies in this relatively large segment of the economy remain to be undertaken. The literature thus reviewed for the paper demonstrated both philosophical as well as empirical foundations of ethnic preference of childcare industry. A total of six illustrative hypotheses regarding managerial issues within the context of ethnic segmentation strategy were tested with data from 70 childcare centers of New York City. The empirical evidence reaffirmed in varying degrees that childcare centers tend to serve specific ethnic clientele; that the behavioral problems, discipline problems, parental complaints, funding uncertainty do vary across ethnicity. These variations pose unique managerial challenges for specific childcare centers. It was also demonstrated that profitability perception is lower in centers with predominantly African-American children. This paper found evidence in support of desegregated childcare centers. In fact, managerial issues and challenges tend to be lower in the desegregated childcare centers than the `preferred' strategy of segregation. Some of the insignificant correlation coefficients will become significant simply with a larger sample size. It is also expected that a large sample would verify the findings on managerial issues in the context of the strategy of segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares Malaysia's Multimedia Super-corridor (MSC) and New York's Silicon Alley to assess whether state-led development of digital districts is a viable alternative to neo-liberal approaches. The changing nature of east Asia's developmental states as they adopt neo-liberal elements (such as venture capital) casts doubt on the idea that east Asian cities are 'embedded' in developmental frameworks. Using actor-network theory to conceptualise the nesting of cities as processes of 'translation', the paper examines how state frameworks in the US and Malaysia shaped the respective efforts of district entrepreneurs to weave together ideas, resources and relationships. The findings confirm actor-network theory's claim that the significance of a particular element depends on the network it becomes enmeshed in. In the case of Silicon Alley, neo-liberal regimes did not directly participate but promoted devices (such as venture capital, options) that enabled venture capitalists to bring together myriad enterpreneurs. In contrast, the Malaysian state, which is deemed a 'developmental hybrid', devised a comprehensive plan for the MSC and itself used devices such as venture capital to enrol participants. While Silicon Alley was a temporary base for circulating capital, the MSC effort is creating an enduring foundation for digital industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the 28th annual meeting of the Bibliographical Society of America (BSA), which was held in New York City in January 2002. Papers presented; Reports presented by BSA officials; Statement of financial position.

In this paper the notion of an embedded system is developed as an analytic model to examine how state–nonprofit relations develop and become differentiated, using the case of HIV/AIDS nonprofit organizations. Drawing on extensive fieldwork among three prominent HIV/AIDS nonprofit organizations in New York City, this paper shows how the kinds of relationships these nonprofit organizations are likely to form with state agencies are based on their embeddedness in the state–nonprofit system of relations. Three forms of embeddedness are distinguished according to the type and regularity of state–nonprofit contact—direct, outsider, and mediating. Importantly, it is shown how the configuration of relations within which an organization is embedded determines many of the organization's constraints and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

However it may be defined, urban ‘development’ typically implies the production of durable legacies. Yet these legacies are often planned through contingent, temporary projects. The role of temporary projects in implementing urban development is often interpreted in linear fashion: projects are viewed as isolated events which incrementally work toward already-existing development agendas. I argue instead that temporary projects play a recursive role in development planning: interpreted as a series of interlinked projects, they not only support but also redefine agendas for durable development. I focus on one type of temporary project: (failed) bids to host the Olympics, which I assess through a comparative 20-year sample of bids and through case studies of failed bids in Doha (Qatar) and New York (USA). I show that event-led development planning leverages project contingency and policy failure to construct long-term development agendas, as cities bid multiple times and recycle plans across projects. The paper contributes to debates over the long-term impacts of speculation and experimentation in urban governance, by assessing the role of contingency in urban politics. Temporariness is an asset in urban politics which can be used to mitigate risk in speculative development planning: since Olympic bids often fail to secure hosting rights, references to the possibility of failure can insulate project planners from critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a model that is being used by the City of New York to design a new logistics system to transport municipal sewage sludge from city-operated wastewater treatment plants to a new ocean dumping site 106 miles offshore. The model provides an integrative framework for considering such strategic planning issues as fleet sizing, choice of vessel size, sizing local inventory holding capacities, and analyzing system behavior with and without transshipment. A unique feature of the model is that plant visitation frequencies are determined naturally by the characteristics of the problem (vessel size, inventory holding capacities, statistics of sludge production, proximity of other plants), rather than stated as exogeneous constraints. The formulation should be useful in a more general class of depot-to-customer distribution systems, including the distribution of industrial gases. The paper concludes with a description of additional research that is required in refining both the assumptions and the mechanisms of execution of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the final installment of a three-part series on the New York City taxicab industry. The first two papers examined the causes of service deficiencies, focusing on the importance of drivers, driver incomes and the regulatory structure governing the industry. After recapping the findings from the first two papers, this paper looks to the future, analyzing nine strategies for improving service and evaluating the likely efficacy of recent city regulations and the potential for market-based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of a three-part series examining key policy and service issues in the New York City taxicab industry. The first paper found that deficiencies with taxi service stem from inadequate driver wages and difficult working conditions. Building on this key finding, this paper evaluates the widespread notion that the medallion system, under which the number of licensed taxicabs has not increased in over 50 years, is to blame for poor driver wages, difficult working conditions and problems with service quality. Critics of the medallion system urge that "competition" in the form of additional cabs be let loose to spur better service. The analysis below finds that the growth of taxicab leasing over the last 15 years has had a far more pernicious effect on service quality than has the medallion system. The authors conclude that any serious attempt to improve service must address leasing rather than simply focusing on the medallion system. The next and final paper appraises nine strategies for improving service, evaluating the efficacy of city regulation and the potential for market-based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines one aspect of child-care arrangements that has been largely ignored by previous research: that most day care is relatively temporary, changing often over the course of a few years. The data come from a four-year longitudinal study of a representative sample of New York City mothers of preschool children. The findings indicate that most mothers change care arrangements frequently. Substitution of group day care and multiple care arrangements for care by relatives was the most common pattern found. The paper discusses some of the implications of these frequent changes in day care for women's employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the use of aerial photographs to study the social structure of a dairy farm neighborhood in St. Lawrence County, New York. The paper compares information from aerial photographs of farmsteads and farm work to data gathered in a sociological survey. I examine how the visual data compares to other sociological information; how photographs, in this research, amplify, supplement, or contextualize nonvisual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically tests the extent to which economic restructuring and gentrification affect viability and vulnerability businesses, with specific focus on arts and cultural industries in West Chelsea from 2000 through 2012. Based on the theoretical framework, gentrification stage model and adopting discrete-time survival analysis, we separately compare the risks of opening and closing between businesses established before/early stage of revitalisation (early-arrivers) and those established in the later stage (late-arrivers) within West Chelsea, versus their counterparts in the remainder of the study area in New York. We find that West Chelsea has been an advantageous location overall for late-arrivers in surviving in their market, while the early-arrived gallery and individual artists’ enterprises have faced a higher risk of their operations closing. On the other hand, a higher proportion of new gallery and arts and cultural industries remain attracted to West Chelsea after 2000, suggesting that firms in those industries may be benefiting from the agglomeration effects and localisation economies associated with colocation. The higher opening probability of lodging venues (e.g. hotels) and other amenities signals an overall transformation of the neighbourhood and influx of new uses (and visitors) observed during this time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]