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This paper is in two parts: 'There', which is a review of some of the major advances in the study of spindle structure and function during the past 50 years, serving as an introduction to the symposium entitled 'Mechanotransduction, Muscle Spindles and Proprioception' held in Munich in July 2022; and 'And Back Again', presenting new quantitative morphological results on the equatorial nuclei of intrafusal muscle fibres and of the primary sensory ending in relationship to passive stretch of the spindle. What is the topic of this paper?This paper concerns the relationship between structure and function of the mammalian muscle spindle, its intrafusal muscle fibres and their sensory and motor innervation.What advances does it highlight?The paper summarizes the development of knowledge of the number of types of intrafusal muscle fibres and the pattern and functional significance of their fusimotor innervation. New observations are presented on the quantitative functional morphology of equatorial nuclei and primary sensory endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projects First tunnel boring machine goes into action at Brenner "Sill Gorge‐Pfons" / Andrehen der ersten Tunnelbohrmaschine am Brenner‐Baulos Sillschlucht‐Pfons Deutsche Bahn starts tunnelling for Wendlingen "big bend" / Deutsche Bahn startet Vortrieb für Große Wendlinger Kurve Renaturalisation of Lake Uri using tunnel spoil / Renaturierung des Urnersees mit Tunnelausbruchmaterial Contract awarded for H53 "Pfons‐Brenner" / Zuschlag für Baulos H53 Pfons‐Brenner erteilt Companies New estimate for total cost of the Brenner Base Tunnel / Neue Schätzung der Gesamtkosten für den Brenner Basistunnel Events 2nd European short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in Munich / Zweiter europäischer Short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in München Call for papers – Topics for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of processes for the automated planning and production of individual reinforced concrete elements Industry 4.0, digitalisation and automation are the topics of high interest for research and development in the construction industry and related institutions these days. As a result, robots and robotic machines can be found more and more frequently in production halls. Following this trend, this paper presents research and development work currently being carried out by the Max Bögl Group and the Institute of Structural Engineering of the Universität der Bundeswehr in Munich. The first declared development goals of this collaboration concern the implementation of drivers of digitalisation and Industry 4.0 in the planning and production of precast reinforced concrete elements. For this purpose, in digital planning, a process for parametric 3D modeling and path planning for robotic applications is being developed. The resulting data sets are then used in the technical implementation using industrial robots for the individual production of reinforcement cages on the one hand and for the production of alternative component geometries using a concrete 3D printing process on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To relieve congestion on the S‐Bahn main line in Munich (urban railway), a second main line is being built over a length of 10 km, with more than 7 km of tunnels and three new underground stations. These new stations at Hauptbahnhof, Marienhof and Ostbahnhof each have a length of about 250 m and are located at depths of up to 45 m. The stations mostly have a central staircase, which will be constructed using the top‐down method with building pits enclosed by diaphragm walls. The platform tubes subsequently constructed using NATM, with a 40 m wide cross‐section consisting of five tubes, have an overall excavation cross‐section of approx. 450 m2. This paper presents the evaluation of the calculated building settlements due to a construction process comprising groundwater drawdown, building pit construction, platform tubes constructed using NATM, traffic tunnels constructed using TBM, and the exploration and rescue tunnel located between the two traffic tunnels, using the Marienhof West station as an example. To perform the evaluation it is necessary to superpose all settlements arising from the different construction stages for each structure, which in some case are calculated across planners and construction sections. From these superposed calculated settlements, the corresponding angular distortions are calculated according to the type of curvature, i.e. concave type or spandrel type of settlement, and compared with the permissible limit values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2nd Stammstrecke in Munich: start of diaphragm walling works at the main station / 2. Stammstrecke München: Beginn der Schlitzwandarbeiten am Hauptbahnhof Consortium of Strabag, Skanska and Costain receives "Notice to Proceed" from HS2 / Konsortium aus Strabag, Skanska und Costain erhält „Notice to Proceed" von HS2 First large contract for trackbed / Erster Großauftrag für Bau des Gleisbetts New headrace for the Rodundwerk I / Neuer Kraftabstieg für das Rodundwerk I InnoTrans postponed to 27 to 30 April 2021 / InnoTrans auf 27. bis 30. April 2021 verschoben Femern A/S activates construction contracts for the tunnel element works / Femern A/S aktiviert Bauverträge für die Tunnelelementfabrik Last tunnel breakthrough at the south head of Stuttgart main station / Letzter Tunneldurchschlag am Südkopf des Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs Semmering Base Tunnel half excavated / Semmering‐Basistunnel zur Hälfte gegraben Call for papers – Themes for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: First tube of the Feuerbach Tunnel broken through / Erste Röhre des Tunnels Feuerbach durchgeschlagen Rastatt Tunnel: Works continue in the east bore / Tunnel Rastatt: Arbeiten in Oströhre gehen weiter Preparations for mechanised tunnelling in Mauls / Vorbereitungen für die maschinellen Vortriebe in Mauls Breakthrough in the Eppenberg Tunnel / Durchschlag im Eppenbergtunnel ILF gains follow‐up contract at the Brenner Base Tunnel / ILF erhält Folgeauftrag für den Brenner Basistunnel Hochtief and Vinci to design and build Metro line in Copenhagen / Hochtief und Vinci planen und bauen Metrolinie in Kopenhagen Rail tunnel for Erding ring closure at Munich airport / Bahntunnel für Erdinger Ringschluss am Flughafen München Asfinag invests 1.1 billion Euros / Asfinag investiert 1,1 Milliarden Euro Risk analysis for the ”train into the clouds“ in Argentina / Risikoanalyse für Argentiniens „Zug in die Wolken” DSI takes over specialist for robotic maintenance / DSI übernimmt Spezialist für Roboter gestützte Instandhaltung Drill and blast excavation of the main tubes of the Filder Tunnel completed / Sprengvortrieb in den Hauptröhren des Fildertunnels beendet Call for papers – Themes for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]