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As a fundamental factor driving economic growth, natural capital plays a key role in sustainable development. This paper incorporates various economic growth proxy variables into the MRW model and uses the BMA method to tackle the uncertainty issue of the model. Based on China's provincial-level panel data, this paper examines the impact of renewable natural capital and non-renewable natural capital on the country's economic growth and then carries out multiple mechanism analysis with the CART algorithm. The main findings are: 1 Natural capital has a significant deep impact on China's economic growth in models incorporating proximate and fundamental theories, and the direction of natural capital's impact varies with proxy indicators, which shows a significant 'Curse' effect of dependence and a 'Blessing' effect of abundance. This panoramic perspective can reconcile the serious disagreement on 'Resource Curse' among the literature. 2 The effects of renewable natural capital are in line with the 'Resource neutral' hypothesis, while nonrenewable natural capital has a stronger impact on economic growth in terms of both the 'Curse' effect of dependence and the 'Blessing' effect of abundance, and the overall effect on economic growth depends on patterns of resource use. 3 Under high physical capital accumulation, natural capital has a more fundamental impact on economic growth, and the 'Blessing' effect of abundance has been significantly enhanced. Based on their resource endowments and economic development levels, all provinces should reinvest natural resource rents in national wealth to mitigate the 'Resource Curse' through effective protection of natural capital and compensation from reinvestment. This is a reasonable way to embark on a win-win sustainable development path of economic development and ecological civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recycling carbon tax revenue is a significant part of the design of a nation's carbon tax system. The impact of different recycling principles on the socio-economy and carbon emission reduction varies greatly. Under the background of China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions, this paper designed three carbon tax recycling principles based on the goal of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), including recycling principles based on output ratio, export ratio, and carbon intensity. A recursively dynamic CGE model was developed in this study to evaluate the economic effects of these three carbon tax recycling principles based on tax neutrality under China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions. Carbon tax recycling measures could mitigate the economic losses caused by carbon tax, and the results could be greatly affected according to different recycling principles. The results showed that: 1 The recycling principle based on output ratio could reduce economic losses and improve households' social welfare. 2 China's carbon intensity in 2030 could be reduced by more than 65% compared with that in 2005, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption could reach 25% using the recycling principle based on carbon intensity, but the economic loss mitigation effect of the recycling measures based on this principle was small. 3 Adopting the recycling principle based on export ratio would narrow the competitive gap between China and foreign countries, and the exports of high-carbon-intensity goods would not increase under this principle. 4 According to principles based on output ratio and export ratio, the NDC goal of non-fossil energy accounting for about 25% of primary energy consumption by 2030 could not be achieved, and only the NDC goal of reducing carbon emissions per unit of GDP by more than 65% compared with that of 2005 could be achieved. In brief, as an essential policy tool to achieve China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions, the carbon tax should be implemented as soon as possible. At the same time, according to China's national conditions, a targeted choice of carbon tax recycling principle is needed. The role of the carbon tax in the process of achieving the goal of Nationally Determined Contributions should be fully utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a vital technical path to realize the low-carbon transformation of the coal power industry as well as a key means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the future power system. However, the current development path of coupling coal power and CCUS technology is not clear, and there is room for the optimization of the corresponding policy mechanism. This paper quantitatively estimates the contribution of CCUS application in the coal power industry to China's low-carbon energy transition strategy, describes the future development path of coal power's CCUS industrialization from the spatio-temporal dimension, and further constructs a comprehensive supporting policy system framework. The results show that the development of coupling coal power and CCUS technology is technically and economically feasible, which can not only achieve deep decarbon-ization of the power system and bring significant output and employment dividends in the coal power industry, but also effectively control the average carbon price level of society. In terms of the temporal dimension, the development path of coal power's CCUS industrialization in the future should be divided into three stages: technology research, development, and demonstration (2021--2030), large-scale application (2030--2040), and commercial development (2040--2060). In terms of the spatial dimension, the technically and economically feasible regions for cluster development are the Ordos Basin, the Junggar Basin, the Bohai Bay Basin, etc. Constructing a comprehensive policy support system framework incorporating ' macro support, fiscal and tax finance, market mechanism, technology research, development, and demonstration, as well as management system' is conducive to realizing a large-scale CCUS application in the coal power industry. In the stage of technology research, development, and demonstration of coal power's CCUS application, more definitive incentive policies such as storage subsidies, compensation for power generation hours, and feed-in tariff subsidies should be implemented. When the project cost drops to a certain extent, there should be a gradual transition to market-based policy tools such as carbon trading and green electricity trading mechanisms, and green finance should also be promoted. Based on the relevant conclusions, some targeted policy suggestions are put forward to provide references for promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of China's coal power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in the prevention and control of water resource disasters is an important part of the prevention and cooperation of international river conflicts. It is also an important means to promote the de-securitization of water resources. Taking the Ili River and Lancang-Mekong River, two typical transboundary rivers in China, as the objects of analysis, this paper identifies the deficiencies in disaster early warning and emergency management of transboundary rivers in China from the perspectives of breadth, depth, and closeness. The main existing problems are summarized as follows: (J) There is no mature collaborative management mechanism for water resource disasters within the basin with an integrated platform to share data, predict disasters, formulate strategies, and communicate information. © Due to the lack of an efficient two-way disclosure system, there is little information sharing among the basin countries. © Special funds for water resource cooperation in the basin are far from enough, and they are characterized as scattered, small in amount, and intermittent. Accordingly, this paper proposes four principles for collaborative management over transboundary river disasters: information sharing, equal consultation, no significant harm, and integrated planning. Furthermore, a mechanism for disaster early warning and emergency cooperative management over transboundary rivers is proposed, including a special fund for basin water resource cooperation, an information sharing system, a disaster risk assessment system, and an emergency management decision system. Safeguard measures to support the operation of the management mechanism are put forward, including joint construction of water conservancy projects, technical assistance, interest compensation, legal system construction, fund establishment, disaster insurance, and so on. The mechanism proposed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiencies of the existing management mechanism framework of transboundary rivers in China, but also provide a reference for the implementation of disaster early warning and emergency management of other transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The realization of common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of modernization with Chinese characteristics. New infrastructure development is a new engine for general and balanced economic growth in the digital economy era and plays an important role in achieving high-quality and inclusive economic growth. This study innovatively incorporated new infrastructure development into the theoretical analysis framework of common prosperity. Based on the data of 30 provincial-level samples from 2011 to 2020 and using the entropy weight method and coupled coordination model, this paper measured the level index of new infrastructure development and that of common prosperity. On this basis, the paper empirically examined the influence mechanism of new infrastructure development on common prosperity, the process of marketization, and the moderating role of rural human capital investment. The results showed that, overall, new infrastructure development significantly promoted common prosperity. Regionally, the new infrastructure development promoted the common prosperity of China' s southern region but had an obvious inhibitory effect on its northern region. Although new infrastructure was divided into different categories, fusion infrastructure, innovation infrastructure, and information infrastructure all promoted common prosperity to different degrees, but in terms of impact coefficient, fusion infrastructure, information infrastructure, and innovation infrastructure all declined in turn, as a matter of fact. The marketization process, rural health, education and training, and the migration of human capital investments all contributed to strengthening the role of new infrastructure development in promoting common prosperity. This study not only helps to clarify the theoretical correlation between new infrastructure development and common prosperity and enrich the sustainable or inclusive assessment framework of new infrastructure development from the perspective of common prosperity, but also helps to coordinate the goals and tasks of new infrastructure development and common prosperity for governments at all levels and relevant departments in practice and provides empirical evidence and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta has become a national strategy of China, the scope of regional integration has expanded and regional economic geography has changed, which has a profound impact on regional environmental governance. Based on the 3D analysis framework of new economic geography, this paper used the 3D analysis framework of new economic geography to study the impact of regional market segmentation, density, distance, and other economic and geographical factors on urban environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta. Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2003 to 2019, this paper used the relative price method to calculate the market segmentation index of the cities in the delta, built a comprehensive evaluation index system for environmental governance, and used the global entropy weight method to measure the urban environmental governance index. The empirical research mainly drew the following conclusions: ① The level of urban environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta was on the rise, and there were obvious regional differences in environmental governance. These regional differences mainly came from the gap between provincial administrative regions, but the regional gap showed a trend of convergence as a whole. ② Judging from the impact of economic and geographical factors on urban environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta, market segmentation had a significant negative impact on urban environmental governance. After using instrumental variables to alleviate endogenous biases, market segmentation had a greater negative effect on urban environmental governance. The relationship between environmental governance and economic density, as well as between environmental governance quality and population density, showed an inverted U-shaped relationship. The improvement of traffic accessibility was conducive to improving urban environmental governance. The geographical distance from the regional central city had a significant negative impact on urban environmental governance. Robustness tests were carried out from different perspectives, and the above research conclusions still held. ③ Environmental governance had positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial spillover effect of economic geographical factors such as market segmentation, economic density, and population density on the environmental governance of surrounding cities was just opposite to its impact on local environmental governance. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the unified large market construction and market integration in the Yangtze River Delta, enhance the accessibility of transportation between cities in the delta, control the economic density and population density of cities, prevent environmental governance risks caused by excessive economic density and population density, build a long-term synergistic mechanism, and promote the coordinated improvement of urban environmental governance in the delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, large-scale and long-term haze pollution has become a major bottleneck restricting China ’s high-quality development and ecological civilization construction. Facing the pressures of economic development and environmental governance, innovation, and technological progress is a win-win choice for China to achieve economic growth and improve air quality. Based on patent stock and PM2.5 concentration data of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2019, this paper constructed two instrumental variables, namely, administrative protection of intellectual property rights and public innovation environment and analyzed the effects and mechanisms of innovation on haze pollution by the two-stage least square method. The study found that the use of air flow coefficient, temperature inversion days, and rainfall could effectively control the spatial diffusion of haze, and both green innovation and non-green innovation can significantly reduce haze pollution. It was found that, after adding instrumental variables, the invention patent and utility-model patent were the most effective in haze treatment, and the haze control effect of non-green patents exceeded that of green patents. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the haze control effect of the patent stock in the eastern and central cities was relatively strong, and the effect of innovation to curb haze was strengthened after 2012. Furthermore, in cities with abundant human capital and a high degree of marketization, innovation was more conducive to reducing PM2.5. The test on the intermediate mechanism showed that green patents could achieve haze management front-end prevention and end treatment through industrial green transformation and energy efficiency improvement, while non-green patents could play a role through allot efficiency improvement mechanisms. The above conclusions are still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as changing indicators and considering the spatial spillover effect of haze pollution. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: local governments should strengthen the intellectual property protection system, promote more investment and incentive policies for green technology innovation, encourage high-quality innovation output at the ecological level, and improve urban air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming responsibility for emission reduction is an important part of participating in the global governance of climate change. Countries with a carbon neutrality target now cover about 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Carrying out fairness evaluations of their carbon neutrality targets provide a strong basis for the global carbon inventory. In this paper, the target years of carbon neutrality for major countries and regions under the global target of 2 °C and 1.5 °C are studied using the burden sharing model. On this basis, this paper simulates the possible pathways of carbon neutrality and evaluates the ambition of emission reduction targets in terms of annual emission reduction, per capita emission, and cumulative per capita emission. The results show that, from the perspective of equity, most of the developing countries cannot meet the global goal of 1.5 °C. The United States and the European Union nations could achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 by continuing their annual emission reductions under their existing NDC targets. However, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, China's annual emission reduction rate from 2030 to 2050 will be 6.7%, and the annual amount of emission reduction accounts for 51% of the global amount under the 1.5 °C target. Meanwhile, China would become the main force behind global cumulative emissions in the following decades. Thus, the emission reduction pathways China chooses will have an important impact on global climate mitigation progress. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper proposes that developed countries and developing countries should explore bilateral or multilateral cooperation in technology and finance in the field of climate change. Under the great pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, China needs to carry out research on the overall emission reduction pathways as soon as possible and clarify the paths at the scale of sectors, industries, provinces, and time stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China' s economy is in the midst of a crucial transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Strengthening the rigid constraint of water resources and curbing the disorderly expansion of high water-consuming enterprises are crucial to alleviating structural overcapacity and realizing economic development transformation from a resource-driven to an innovation-driven mode. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021, this paper explored the impact of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises from the perspectives of free cash flow and technological innovation. The research results showed that levying a water resource tax could significantly inhibit the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, and the conclusion was still robust after a series of robustness tests (the parallel trend test, the placebo test, the PSM-DID, changing the measurement method of explained variables, excluding other policy influences, and the instrumental variable test). The mechanism analysis showed that levying a water resource tax could restrain over-investment by reducing the free cash flow of high water-consuming enterprises and stimulating technological innovation. At the same time, the restraining effect of water resource taxes on excessive investment in high water-consuming enterprises was more obvious in state-owned enterprises, enterprises with higher financing constraints, and those with higher water intensity. Based on the above conclusions, this paper holds that the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy should be continuously improved, and the incentive mechanism of water resource tax should be improved while increasing the promotion of water consumption monitoring equipment. The flexibility of policy implementation should be strengthened, and different strategies should be adopted to guide high water-consuming enterprises with different operating conditions and investment cycles to change their production methods and investment behaviors. To implement the policy of 'giving priority to saving water' systematically, we should not only strengthen the water-saving supervision, but also raise the awareness of water users to save water voluntarily. By exploring the impact of water resource tax on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, this paper attempts to deepen the understanding of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy, enrich the relevant literature in the field of resource regulation research, and provide a policy reference for realizing the coordinated development of economy, society, and resource carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion policies of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry have evolved over time along with its rapid development in China. The NEV market has advanced to a new level where it complies with international practices and fully accommodates competition. Studying the market implications of the NEV promotion policy adjustment is of significant theoretical and practical value given the subsidy withdrawal, technological advancement, and sales growth. Based on interrupted time series analysis, this paper used 60 monthly time points from January 2017 to December 2021 to construct a time-series data set. Taking promotion policy adjustment as a policy variable, this paper estimated the market effect disparities of promotion policies in major cities in China through counterfactual analysis, and the special phenomenon of NEV sales climbing caused by subsidy withdrawal was further analyzed. Furthermore, the study findings were verified by robustness and heterogeneity tests. The result showed that: 1 After several adjustments, the national NEV promotion policy achieved remarkable results in the first-tier and new first-tier cities and other developed areas in general. 2 The key factor to promote the NEV market was technological advancement, and the essence of subsidy withdrawal was to promote more rapid technological innovation among relevant enterprises by raising the threshold of subsidy technology and eliminating backward production capacity. It was the subsidy withdrawal that led to sales growth. 3 The policy of relaxing curbs on NEV purchases failed to significantly promote the sales of NEVs and did not seem to be unsustainable, so it should not be regarded as a key promotion policy in the future. It is suggested that the pertinent departments shift their promotion policies in favor of the user side, increase investment in NEV technology research and development, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity through policies and regulations, adjust the license number plate support policy for new energy vehicles in due course, and further improve the double-credit policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon city pilot policy is an important way to promote corporate green innovation, and it is also an inevitable choice to achieve the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. However, existing research on the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on green innovation lacks depth, and literature focusing on micro-corporate level is insufficient. Therefore, it is difficult to provide an effective reference for corporate green transformation. Based on the panel data of 936 A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2020, this paper took the low-carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment. The multistage dynamic difference-in-differences model and difference-in-difference-in-differences model were used to explore the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on corporate green innovation and its heterogeneity in terms of enterprise size, property rights, and carbon emission industry. Furthermore, from the perspective of environmental responsibility and talent agglomeration, this paper discussed the transmission mechanism of this policy to promote corporate green innovation and determined the optimal path for the low-carbon city pilot policy to take. The research results showed that: ① The low-carbon city pilot policy effectively promoted corporate green innovation in the pilot areas. Compared with the green utility model patent innovation, the pilot policy had a more significant impact on green invention patent innovation. A series of robustness tests such as PSM-DID and the placebo test found that the conclusion was still valid. ② The impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on green innovation presented heterogeneity in terms of enterprise size, property rights, and carbon emission industry. This policy had a more significant policy impact on large-scale enterprises, and only had a positive impact on the utility model patent of state-owned enterprises but had a significant positive impact on the green innovation of non-state-owned enterprises to varying degrees. The low-carbon city pilot policy had a significant positive impact on the green innovation of enterprises in high-carbon industries but had a certain inhibitory effect on the green innovation of enterprises in low-carbon industries. ③ The main transmission mechanism of the low-carbon city pilot policy on the promotion of corporate green innovation was that the pilot policy enhanced the awareness of the environmental responsibility of enterprises by strengthening their management of environmental information disclosure, improving the level of their environmental protection investment, providing government support for their environmental protection, and inducing the effect of talent agglomeration by attracting talented people seeking employment and those who graduated from local universities as well as high-tech talents from enterprises. From the perspective of the transmission path effect, environmental responsibility played a greater role, followed by talent agglomeration. Therefore, the government should keep on expanding the scope of the lowcarbon pilot policy, give more financial and policy support to small and medium-sized technological private enterprises and green environmental protection enterprises, promote the shareholding system reform, mergers, and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, and provide sustainable environmental regulation and assistance to high-carbon emission enterprises. They should also continuously enhance enterprises' environmental responsibility awareness and promote the effect of talent agglomeration to improve the level of green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the active promotion of the concept of common prosperity, farmland has once again become the focus of attention in political and academic circles, and many scholars have advocated the further visualization of the property value of farmland elements to increase farmers' income. To promote the coordinated development of China's food security and common prosperity strategies, this paper attempts to reveal the dilemma facing farmland capitalization. Theoretically, based on the factor allocation decision logic of full-time and part-time farmers, this paper proposed the dilemma of farmland capitalization between increasing food production and farm household income. We empirically constructed a model to measure farmland capitalization and characterized its degree in 27 provinces in China's mainland from 2004 to 2020. The study also provided empirical support for the theoretical analysis by using a threshold regression model and a mediating effect model based on 790 microsamples from typical provinces. The results found that: ① Farmland capitalization showed a trend of increasing year by year nationwide, with a spatial distribution pattern of spreading from the center to the surrounding areas, and the provinces with a higher degree of farmland capitalization were concentrated in the main grain-producing areas. ② The impact of farmland transfer prices on grain production had structural effects depending on the degree of farmland capitalization: In the moderate capitalization scenario (farmland capitalization≤1.011), farmland price increases promoted the expansion of food crop acreage; in the excessive capitalization scenario (farmland capitalization≥1.154), farmland price increases suppressed food crop acreage. ③ Farmland capitalization helped to meet farmers' psychological expectations on the value of farmland assets, and significantly increased farmers' income by promoting two paths: the outflow of farmland and off-farm employment. ④ Farmland capitalization in China was facing a dilemma between increasing food production and increasing farmers' income, which posed an important potential problem for national food security. The capitalization of farmland can not only improve the problem of insufficient property income in the income structure of farm households, but also promote the non-farm transfer of rural labor, but behind it is the fact that a large amount of farmland is 'nongrain.' In the future, the Chinese government should emphasize the production factor attributes of farmland, use policy tools to guide the rational return of farmland prices, improve the market for productive agricultural services, and prevent the risk of farmland over-capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new era, adjusting the financial power relationship between the central and local governments and broadening the financial revenue channels of local governments are key to overcoming the weaknesses of rural living environment governance and building a long-term investment mechanism. Based on the typical facts of Chinese-style fiscal decentralization, this paper theoretically and systematically interpreted the internal impact logic of fiscal decentralization and official promotion incentives on rural living environment governance. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study used the system GMM method to analyze the effects of the decentralization and autonomy of fiscal revenue and expenditure and the promotion incentives on rural living environment governance. The results showed that: ① Government fiscal revenue and expenditure decentralization had a significant positive effect on the centralized treatment of rural household waste and the popularization of sanitary toilets, and the impact on the centralized treatment of rural household waste was more significant. ② The promotion incentives of officials positively affected the centralized treatment of domestic garbage and sewage as well as the effective popularization of sanitary toilets in rural China by influencing the fiscal expenditure preferences of local governments, and all the reasons showed that the effect was greater under fiscal revenue decentralization. ③ In terms of joint influence, the influence coefficients of the interaction term on the centralized treatment of rural household garbage and sewage as well as the popularization of more sanitary toilets were significantly positive with sound robustness, indicating that the joint effect of the two terms had a positive regulating effect on the construction of rural infrastructure and the improvement of living conditions and the environment. In view of this, the paper argues that in the process of pursuing a Chinese path to modernization, it is necessary to further improve the relationship between central and local financial powers, optimize the distribution pattern of central and local financial powers and financial resources, expand the scale and proportion of local tax revenue, increase the investment in people's livelihood in rural living environment, gradually improve the performance evaluation mechanism of government officials, and strengthen the performance evaluation of the development of people's livelihood undertakings. It is also necessary to guide government officials in developing a scientific perspective on political achievements in order to provide an institutional guarantee for the construction of a livable, suitable, and beautiful countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The strategic deployment of building a comprehensive socialist modern state has put forward new requirements for the green and low-carbon transformation of China's economic and social development. As the core subject of promoting this process, the incentive mechanism for enterprises to practice environmental protection and emission reduction and take on green responsibilities has become a hot topic of social and academic attention. This paper examined the impact of the implementation of the low-carbon city pilot policy on the quality of environmental, social and governance (ESG) of listed companies using the staggered difference-in-differences model based on microdata of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2021 as a representative low carbon transition policy and a quasi-natural experiment. The findings were as follows: 1 The low-carbon city pilot policy implemented in China since 2010 significantly improved the ESG quality of listed companies. The policy resulted in an average increase of 27.42% in the ESG index of listed companies in pilot cities. This result held after a series of robustness tests, including controlling for other policy interferences, propensity score matching, and placebo tests. 2 Under the influence of this policy, pressure from government regulation and public opinion supervision became a crucial driver for companies to autonomously enhance their ESG quality. 3 Green financial support helped alleviate corporate financing constraints and promoted green technological innovation, serving as an important mechanism for improving corporate ESG quality under the low-carbon transformation policy. Among these mechanisms, green technological innovation exhibited a trend toward both quantity and quality improvement. Innovation in energy-saving green technologies played a more significant role in enhancing corporate ESG quality in the context of the low-carbon city pilot policy. This study demonstrates that China's low-carbon city pilot policy not only promoted regional green and low-carbon transformation at the macro level but also encouraged enterprises to embrace the concept of low-carbon transformation and undertake responsibilities for sustainable and green development at the micro level. While enriching and supplementing the research on factors influencing corporate ESG quality, this study also provides theoretical and decision-making support for China's achievement of its 'dual carbon' goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resource shortages have become a national issue in China. Population growth and climate change tend to further aggravate this problem. Water rights trading is an economic means for alleviating the shortages and inefficient utilization of water resources and effectively promoting their optimal allocation. As the strategy choice of both parties of the trading directly affects the efficiency of water rights trading, this paper systematically analyzes the relevant parameters affecting the bilateral strategy choice of water rights trading based on the evolutionary game theory. First, given the impact of the market competition environment on the efficiency of water rights trading, this paper assumes that market competition is the major risk factor leading to the breakdown of negotiations; establishes the income matrix of both sides of water rights trading based on the bargaining model with the risk of breakdown; and analyzes the position, stability, and system evolution mechanism of the equilibrium point under different circumstances. Second, to emphasize the important influence of the initial strategy point on the equilibrium result of the evolutionary game, this paper describes the relative competition conditions according to the number of potential partners on both sides and further determines the initial strategy point of the game system. On this basis, the stability of the bilateral strategy choice is analyzed by using evolutionary game theory. Finally, the case of water rights trading between Zhongning City and Jingneng Power Plant is simulated and analyzed with the help of MATLAB. The results show that the trading water volume, the water resource utilization level of the transferee, and market competition have a significant impact on the transaction price, and: ① The efficiency of water rights trading will be affected when the demand of the transferee for water rights is too low and the water rights saved by the transferor cannot be effectively split. On the contrary, the sharp increase in the comprehensive compensation cost will directly raise the expected price of the transferor and will also affect the efficiency of the water rights trading. ② When the transaction price and other conditions are given, the water use efficiency of the transferee is directly proportional to the convergence speed of the water rights trading game system. ③ When the water use efficiency of the transferee of water rights is high, the price of water rights trading can be appropriately increased to realize the paid use of water resources and ensure the property income of the transferor of water rights. ④ When the transaction price and other conditions are given, the more participants in the water rights trading market, the more conducive it is to the conclusion of water rights trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing studies on government organizational structure focus on its economic functions but ignore the environmental aspect, which is especially important for developing countries. To fill the gaps, this paper identifies the effect of a flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies on transboundary water pollution with the help of a quasi-natural experiment. We found that the flattening reform significantly improved transboundary water quality. Specifically, the reform increased DO concentration by about 7%, reduced COD concentration by about 2%, and reduced NH3-N concentration by about 4%. A series of robustness tests confirmed that the results were convincing. Further results showed that the mechanisms of the reform mainly included: ① the strengthening of the awareness of local governments in controlling transboundary pollution; ② the adjustment of personnel appointment powers that broke the collusion between local government officials and local environmental protection agencies, which effectively improved the environment at the border. In addition, the study found that the abatement effect existed only at urban borders, while there was no significant change in environmental quality at provincial borders, suggesting that the transfer of authority over environmental monitoring and enforcement to higher levels of government was one of the keys contributing to the effect of this reform. This paper reveals that the flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies is more in line with China' s pollution characteristics and needs at this stage, and thus the government should appropriately strengthen the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the central government or higher-level local governments. It is hoped that this study can enrich the research related to pollution control and the organizational structures of government and provide a reference for decision-makers to mitigate the transboundary pollution problem in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effects of expected economic growth targets and environmental constraint targets set by Chinese local governments at the beginning of the year on high-quality development can provide empirical evidence for optimizing expected target management, improving macro-control, and fulfilling governance efficiency in the new development stage to some extent. Therefore, based on the theory of economic growth accounting and the stochastic frontier model, this paper calculated the level of high-quality development at the urban level, extracted the economic growth targets and environmental constraint targets from the Report on the Work of the Government with text analysis, constructed instrumental variables based on the spatial weight matrix, and then discussed the effects of the expected development targets formulated by local governments on high-quality development, conditional heterogeneity, and mechanisms. The results showed that: ① Excessive economic growth targets were not conducive to high-quality development, while environmental constraints targets had a significant role in promoting it and could slow down the erosion effect of excessive economic growth targets on high-quality development. This conclusion still held after solving a series of robustness tests, such as the endogenous bias. ② Heterogeneity analysis found that, with the implementation of the ecological civilization concept, China' s economy could achieve a win-win situation of quantity increase and quality improvement. To better promote high-quality development, the target positioning of cities with good economic foundations should weaken economic increment and strengthen environmental constraints, and the growth targets and environmental constraints set by local governments should be endogenous to their own regional resource endowments and leave appropriate elastic spaces. ③ The mechanism test showed that improving the economic growth targets reduced the level of innovation and raised the amount of new investment in the region, which was not conducive to high-quality development. Environmental constraints could promote technological innovation and limit the blind expansion of new investment, thus promoting high-quality development. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper summarizes policy implications from the aspects of political performance evaluation, formulation of expected development targets, technological innovation, and green development to promote the synergy between economic growth and green development in China and the synchronization of expected target management and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy conservation and low carbon action plan in the Top-10 000 Energy-Consuming Enterprises Program (T10000P) was an important policy underpinning for achieving the constrained targets of energy consumption and carbon emission reduction during the 12th Five Year Plan period, and is a representative large-scale national energy saving and emission reduction policy with Chinese characteristics. Green technology innovation (GTI) is an important driving force for green development and enterprises are the main participants of GTI. In view of the fact that T10000P is an exogenous shock and based on the green patent panel data of Chinese listed companies from 2004 to 2018, this paper employed the difference-in-differences (DID) method and the count data model to examine the impact of T10000P on GTI at the micro level. Moreover, this paper designed an intermediary effect model to study the mediating role of local governments in the process of T10000P affecting corporate GTI and conducted the triple difference model to study the heterogeneity of T10000P on corporate GTI. The study showed that: ① T10000P significantly promoted corporate GTI. ②Considering the excessive discretization and zero inflation of the data, the regression results of the count data model further supported the conclusion.③The conclusion was still robust after a series of robustness tests such as variable index change, placebo test, and post-matching regression. ④ The assessment constraint of T10000P on local governments affected the subsidies to the top-10 000 enterprises, which promoted their GTI level. ⑤ The GTI effect of T10000P had dynamic characteristics in time, marginal characteristics in innovation level, and heterogeneous characteristics in cooperate property rights: the effects were significant during the policy implementation period, but not significant when the policy phased out. Compared with the regions with low urban innovation index, the promotion effect of T10000P on cooperate GTI was more significant in the regions with high urban innovation index. Compared with private enterprises, the promotion effect of T10000P policy on cooperate GTI was more significant in state-owned enterprises. Based on these conclusions, policy design should be optimized to actively guide enterprises to improve the level of GTI. The green-oriented assessment system for local government should be improved. The environmental regulation and innovation incentive policies should be implemented according to enterprises' conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis framework of the general equilibrium model of trade environment effect constructed by Copeland and Taylor, this paper explained the mechanism of the effects of coordinated development of two-way FDI on carbon emissions, and then based on the data of two-way FDI and carbon emissions in 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020, the paper measured the carbon emission reduction effect of the coordinated development of two-way FDI in China by using the spatial panel model and moment estimation method generated by Han and Phillips and introduced the intermediary effect model to explore its impact mechanism. Moreover, the spatial spillover effect of the spatial model was investigated by applying partial differentiation. The study showed that: ① The coordinated development of China' s two-way FDI could significantly inhibit the improvement of the country' s carbon emission level. The spatial distribution and time path dependence of high and low carbon emission clusters were significant, and the results were still valid after robustness and endogenous tests. ② Heterogeneity analysis showed that coordinated development of two-way FDI in the eastern region had the most obvious carbon emission reduction effect, followed by the central region, while the regression results of the impact of the western region on carbon emissions were not significant. That was mainly related to the highest level of coordinated development of two-way FDI in the eastern region, followed by the central region, while the western region had been in a state of extreme imbalance. ③ The test result of the impact mechanism showed that coordinated development of two-way FDI, on the one hand, reduced carbon emissions by improving the capital-labor ratio, and on the other hand, had a positive impact on carbon emissions by promoting the expansion of industrial scale and the improvement of productive technology. However, under the combined effect of structural effect, scale effect, and technological effect, it ultimately had a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions. ④ The spatial spillover effect analysis found that the improvement in coordinated development of two-way FDI in China' s provinces inhibited not only the carbon emissions of their own regions, but also those of neighboring regions and even the whole country. In view of the above findings, we believe that we should do a good job of coordinating the development of two-way FDI, establish a long-term mechanism of coordinated regional economic development and joint pollution prevention and control, further tap the emission reduction effect of structural effects, and encourage and guide technological progress to focus on pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a typical means of transportation for residents to travel with low carbon in the new era, it is of grea t significance to explore how to achieve sustainable development throughout its life cycle. Based on t he challenges of the development of shared bicycles in China's cities, this paper innovatively proposes a governance framework for the sustainable development of shared bicycles oriented to the circular e conomy and a governance path based on the 3R principle, and constructs a complex system dynamics model that integrates three sub-modules of faulty vehicle reduction, faulty vehicle reuse and end-of-lif e vehicle resource. On this basis, based on the practical case of Shanghai, a multi-scenario simulation of the sustainable development path of shared bicycles from the perspective of circular economy is ca rried out. The study found that: (1) the five strategies of user use behavior governance, recycling parti cipation behavior governance, urban total delivery control, faulty vehicle recycling monitoring and pro ducer responsibility extension system all play a significant role in the sustainable development of the s hared bicycle industry; (2) In terms of a single strategy, the extended producer responsibility system a nd the monitoring of faulty vehicle recycling are the two best governance measures for the governme nt to control faulty and scrapped vehicles, operators to reduce production and recycling disposal cost s, and thus improve the efficiency of resource utilization in the industry, followed by urban total invest ment control; (3) In terms of combination strategies, the comprehensive integration and implementati on of the five strategies is the optimal governance path to promote the sustainable development of sh ared bicycles in China, after full implementation, the total number of scrapped bicycles in Shanghai wil l be reduced by 71.15% from 2021 to 2031, the production and recycling costs of operators will be sav ed by 73.77%, and the carbon emissions will be reduced by 87,800 tons. Based on the above research results, this paper proposes to implement the extended producer responsibility system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the lifeblood of agriculture. Different from land resources, water resources can flow across regions. Based on the perspective of ‘physical water and virtual water’ flow and using the panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2004 to 2020, this paper used the dynamic spatial Durbin model to estimate the impact of regional grain trade on the pro⁃ portion of grain planting and that of rice, wheat, and corn in the context of inter-basin water transfer. The results showed that: ① For grain output areas, the impact of ‘physical water and virtual water’ flow decreased, the overall proportion of grain planting increased, and the proportion of corn planting among the grains decreased. It showed that the increase of water resource pressure in grain output areas played a greater role in promoting the induced technological change of grain production and strengthening the regional production division than limiting them, and there was a ‘paradox of irrigation efficiency’, that is, the progress of water-saving technology led to the increase of high water consumption crops. ② For grain input areas, the impact of ‘physical water and virtual water’ flow increased, the proportion of grain planting decreased, the proportion of short-term rice and corn planting increased, the proportion of rice (high water consumption crop) planting increased more, the proportion of long-term rice and corn planting decreased, and the proportion of corn (low water consumption crop) planting decreased more. It showed that the regional division of labor and strengthening of grain production reduced the proportion of grain planting in grain input areas, but the internal structure of grain was developing in the direction of more water consumption. ③ Under the current ‘physical water and virtual water’ flow, the grain input areas had a negative spatial spill⁃ over effect on the grain planting proportion in the output areas and the corn planting proportion among the grains, which showed that the reduction of water resource pressure in the grain input areas had a negative impact on the grain production in the grain output areas, and intensified the phenomenon of ‘paradox of irrigation efficiency’ in the internal structure of grain. The grain output areas had no significant impact on the grain planting proportion in the grain input areas. In the short term, the planting proportion of rice and corn was reduced, and the planting proportion of rice, a high water consuming crop, was reduced more, the planting proportion of rice and corn increased in the long term, and the planting proportion of corn, a low water consuming crop, increased more, indicating that the grain out⁃ put areas promoted the development of the internal structure of grain in the grain input areas in the direction of water saving. Finally, this paper puts forward the policy implications of implementing the overall management of ‘physical water and virtual water’, vigorously promoting the development of water-saving agriculture in grain output areas, and establishing regional grain virtual water compensation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental governance is an important issue in global public narratives and of salient local features. Using the theoretical framework of public values and based on the context of China in a new era, this paper conducts a systematic theoretical exploration and empirical analysis of environmental governance. The paper theoretically proposes that: ① The key to successful environmental governance lies in public value construction. ② China has two distinct ways to construct public values: one is done by local governments autonomously, and the other is completed by the central government in a top-down way. ③ The ultimate path of creating public values depends on the strategic triangle, that is, the combination of authorizing environment, strategic goals, and operational capability. To test the above arguments, this paper adopted the most-similar cases analysis approach and made a comparison between two most-similar cases in China, namely between City G in South China and City S in Central China. The empirical results positively supported the above propositions: ① Both cases had similar backgrounds but developed two distinct ways of public value creation. ② Before the intervention of Central Environmental Inspection (CEI), City G failed to create public values in environmental governance, due to the fierce conflicts among the local government, firms, and residents. However, the intervention of CEI fundamentally changed the arena and managed to create public values among the stakeholders by means of building a kind of indoctrination-oriented consensus. ③ As for the case of City S, a kind of public value was successfully created by the joint efforts of the local government, firms, and residents. ④ When local governments failed to create public values, the central government did not simply take their place and do it directly. Instead, it tried to change the incentive structure and value orientation of local governments by introducing a series of institutional innovations, which in turn led to a successful creation of public values at the local level. This paper’ s policy implications are to bring back public values and integrate them into environmental governance, build up a public value-oriented performance management system, and construct a mode of environmental governance with multiple-actor participation and interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource allocation efficiency is one of the most important themes of economic research, so research on environmental policy and resource allocation is an important aspect to evaluate the economic effects of environmental policies. This paper first briefly reviews the research context of the theory of resource reallocation and resource misallocation and then analyzes the conceptual implications and accounting methods of resource reallocation and resource misallocation. Secondly, this paper takes the theoretical assumptions and mechanisms of different models as the main line, systematically sorts out the relevant literature on the impact of environmental policies on resource reallocation and resource misallocation, summarizes and reviews relevant theoretical and empirical research, and puts forward the shortcomings of the research and future direction of expansion. Finally, this paper makes a brief comment on the research status of China’ s environmental policies and resource allocation and puts forward their research prospect. This paper finds that: ① From the perspective of resource reallocation, environmental policies affect the reallocation of resources across firms or within firms by changing the entry and exit conditions, inhibiting the degree of product market competition, and changing product mix. By distorting factor prices, these policies lead to the deviation of the equilibrium allocation of factors from the optimal allocation of firms, thereby causing resource misallocation. ② The conclusions on how the initial distortion affects the resource reallocation effect of environmental policies, or whether environmental policies can mitigate the resource misallocation caused by the initial distortion, differ de⁃ pending on the form of the initial distortion. ③ The existing literature on environmental policies and resource allocation is insufficient in terms of research perspectives, research methods, and research scenarios, and the research conclusions on the impact of environmental policies on resource allocation efficiency usually depend on the relevant assumptions and research scenarios of benchmark models. The theoretical analysis results and the degree of influence under different frameworks of benchmark models are different. This paper believes that, based on the Chinese scenario, theoretical breakthroughs in the measurement of the micro-mechanisms and effects of environmental policies affecting resource allocation, environmental policies and industrial transformation and upgrading, environmental policies and resource space mismatches, etc., may be a marginal contribution of China’ s research on development economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual implementation of strategies to achieve the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, the heterogeneous performance of low-carbon technological progress driving carbon emission reduction in different situations has become an important basis for targeted technological carbon reduction. As an important special subject of national energy resource security and carbon emission reduction, whether resource-based cities can reach peak carbon emissions simultaneously is a key to the achievement of the ' dual carbon' goals. This paper reviewed the theoretical literature on low-carbon technology progress and carbon emissions in resource-based cities, and extracted the their driving mechanisms. Based on the panel data of 116 prefecture-level resource-based cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper innovatively considered six undesirable outputs with resource-based city characteristics to define the low-carbon technological progress of such cities, and used the DEA-Malmquist index model, STIRPAT model, and threshold model to clarify the current situation of low-carbon technological progress and carbon emissions in resource-based cities. The study also carried out a deep analysis of the driving relationship and threshold effect between low-carbon technological progress and carbon emission reduction, and compared and analyzed their multiple heterogeneity. The study found that during the sample period, the low-carbon technology progress of these 116 prefecture-level resource-based cities showed a phased upward trend, and that carbon emissions had obvious regional heterogeneity and type heterogeneity. The progress of low-carbon technology in resource-based cities had a certain inhibitory effect on carbon emissions and presented type heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity, and a double threshold effect. In different threshold ranges, the driving effects of low-carbon technology on carbon emission reduction effect and carbon emission reduction rebound effect were different. The driving effects of other seven control variables, such as gross domestic product, command-based environmental regulation, market-based environmental regulation, voluntary environmental regulation, industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and foreign direct investment, on carbon emissions were also different. Finally, based on the research conclusions, regarding different regional resource-based cities, different types of resource-based cities, and different levels of low-carbon technology progress in resource-based cities, policy recommendations related to low-carbon technology progress and carbon emission reduction are proposed in a targeted manner, aiming to promote the improvement of low-carbon technology progress in resource-based cities and the simultaneous achievement of carbon emission reduction targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China' s digital finance has developed rapidly, and its application scope continues to expand, which has a profound impact on people' s production and lifestyle and may affect carbon emissions. On the basis of a literature review, this paper firstly summarized the possible ways of impact of digital finance on carbon emissions and then illustrated the economic principles and impact mechanism of how digital finance affected carbon emissions by introducing digital finance and energy consumption into the production function and introducing the stock of carbon dioxide into the consumer utility function to improve Romer's endogenous economic growth model. The results of the theoretical analysis showed that the development of digital finance would affect carbon emissions by influencing the consumption concepts and behavior of residents, the mode of production activities, and the innovation efficiency of enterprises. Besides, the relationship between digital finance and carbon emissions represented an inverted U-shape, and the digital financial capacity required by the turning point of carbon emissions mainly depended on the existing energy consumption and technological innovation. Then, based on China' s provincial data, this paper analyzed the above inverted U-shape relationship empirically and tested the corresponding intermediary mechanism. The results showed that: (1) The impact of digital finance on carbon emissions could be decomposed into the effects of increasing production and those of saving energy. (2) Under the two comprehensive effects, carbon emissions increased first and then decreased with the development of digital finance, and this inverted U-shape relationship passed the endo-geneity and robustness tests. (3) There were significant structural differences in the impact of digital finance on carbon emissions in terms of breadth, depth, and degree of digitalization. (4) In addition, the results of the impact mechanism analysis also showed that the development of digital finance alleviated the pressure on the financing demand of enterprises, and the production scale under the traditional production mode was thus expanded and the carbon emissions increased, meaning that the impact brought by the development of digital finance was more reflected in the increase of carbon emissions with the expansion of output (yield increasing effect). However, as the development of digital finance deepened and digitalization played a cumulative role in the later stage, the innovation and emission reduction effects brought by the promotion of enterprise R&D and energy-saving technology patents significantly increased, which eventually led to the reduction of carbon emissions (energy saving effect) by reducing the carbon intensity. Based on this, the development of digital finance in China should shift from a mode emphasizing quantity to one emphasizing quality as soon as possible to provide precise support for the country' s low-carbon and energy-saving transformation, digital upgrading of enterprises, optimization of energy industry structures, new energy development and utilization, and continuous innovation of digital carbon financial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of the global value chain (GVC) crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, using methods of risk analysis of input-output table and geopolitical deduction, and based on the latest datasets of carbon dioxide emissions and the world energy trade, this paper analyzes the global value chain risks and energy security issues from three dimensions: climate governance dilemma, the global value chain crisis, and energy security and energy transition. It then presumes changes in world energy trade and geopolitical evolution and assesses their impact on China. The main findings and viewpoints of this paper are as follows: (1) The brokage, fragmentation, cutoff, and even production stoppage of the global value chain have done huge damage to the world economy, and it is urgent to rebuild a safe, stable, resilient, and green global value chain in the post-COVID-19 era. (2) Due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the flow direction and volume of the world' s energy trade have changed greatly, and the energy supply chain has gradually formulated into five formulas: the ' Europe-U.S. supply chain,' the ' Eurasian supply chain,' the ' U.S., Japan, Australia, and India supply chain,' the ' OPEC supply chain,' and a ' new Europe supply chain.' Among them, the United States has increased rapidly its LNG exports to Europe, and Russia has significantly increased its energy exports to Asian countries, inducing a new ' Eurasian energy supply chain.' (3) The world' s energy geopolitics is evolving in such a way that the United States is strengthening its grip on Europe to jointly restrain Russia' s power and initiating a Asia-Pacific ' four-sided mechanism' to counter China' s rise. Consequently, energy security has been bound to geopolitics. (4) China should act as a geopolitical ' power of equilibrium' to avoid the increasing risk of a new Cold War or a ' quasi-Cold War' to ensure its own energy security, to promote its dual goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality actively and gradually, and to steadily follow the path of peaceful development. We conclude that: the ' dual carbon' goals set up a timetable for China' s transitions in terms of energy, economy, and development mode. At the same time, the strategy of 'decoupling with China' promoted by some countries gives China an opportunity instead and forces China to accelerate its industrial transition, trade upgrading, and optimization of economic structure, in order to build an upgraded version of the ' world factory' and fully realize a high-quality, green, sustainable development with a goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of climate warming on world agricultural production and food security has become increasingly obvious. As an important source of carbon emissions and the carbon sink system, the green development of agriculture is one of the important ways to alleviate the crisis and achieve China' s goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. Exploiting the potential of agricultural carbon sinks and accurately calculating agricultural net carbon emissions are of great significance to promoting the green development of agriculture meeting the ' dual carbon' goals. Based on the dual characteristics of the agricultural carbon cycle, this paper sorted out the logical relationship between agricultural green development and the agricultural carbon cycle, incorporated the role of agricultural carbon sinks into the calculation framework of agricultural carbon emissions, and measured China' s agricultural net carbon emissions from 2000 to 2019 by time and region. The decoupling model of agricultural net carbon emissions from agricultural economic growth was constructed. The results of the study found that the total amount of carbon emissions from agricultural sources increased from 277.899 million t in 2000 to 308.383 1 million t in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 0.52%, but the agricultural carbon emission intensity showed a trend of continuous decline; the agricultural carbon sink increased from 99.539 9 million t in 2000 to 133.039 million t in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 1.46%, and the agricultural carbon sink resources were considerable. The intensity of agricultural carbon source emissions was higher in the west than in other regions and there was a clear gap with the eastern region. The total amount of agricultural carbon source emissions, carbon sinks, and net carbon emissions all showed a medium-high pattern. The decoupling relationship between agricultural economic growth and agricultural net carbon emissions was mainly manifested in two decoupling states: strong decoupling and weak decoupling. Nearly 50% of the provinces achieved the ideal strong decoupling state in terms of agricultural green development, while the remaining provinces were in a weak decoupling state, and the decoupling state was generally ideal. Finally, this paper puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions to promote the green development of agriculture and help achieve the ' dual carbon' goals: we should accurately locate the carbon source; ensure the ' double bottom line' of food security and pig production capacity under low-carbon agriculture; resolve the resource endowment differences between regions; explore the potential of the agricultural carbon trading market; create a new path for farmers to increase their income, maintain the strong and improve the weak; and strive to achieve the ' package' of strong decoupling in agriculture to help achieve the ' dual carbon' goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China mentioned that China is facing tightening resource and environmental constraints, environmental pollution, and other issues, and the energy-consuming right trading policy is a key measure to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development in China. Under the dual consideration of ecological benefits and economic benefits, this paper took the pilot launch of energy-consuming trading as a quasi-natural experiment and used panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2009 to 2020 and the different-in-differences method to explore the impact of this policy on the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure. The study showed that: (J) The energy-consuming right trading policy could promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and the promotion effect on the upgrading of the industrial structure outweighed its adverse impact on the rationalization of the industrial structure, as evidenced by a series of robustness tests. © The mechanism analysis showed that the realization paths of industrial structure upgrading were the upgrading of technological innovation and that of energy consumption structure, and the policy suppressed the adverse impact on the rationalization of industrial structure by improving the input structure and output structure of some industrial sectors. © In addition, the pilot policy of energy-consuming rights had obvious regional heterogeneity for the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, which significantly promoted the upgrading of industrial structure in the central and western regions and the rationalization of industrial structure in the eastern regions. This study provides some policy references for the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure from the perspective of improving the energy-consuming right trading market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background that China has entered the middle-late stage of population urbanization, conducting a multi-dimensional exploration of its development pattern from a structural level under the superficial phenomenon of rapid urbanization is conducive to a clear identification and understanding of the internal mechanisms and rules of urbanization, the discovery of problems existing in the process of urbanization, and the proposal of rational response strategies. This paper mainly used the county-level data from China's sixth and seventh population censuses, taking the prefecture-level administrative region as the basic statistical unit, to comprehensively analyze the development pattern of China's population urbanization from 2010 to 2020 in terms of changes in the urban and rural populations, sources of urban population growth, and the spatial distribution of the urban population at the provincial and regional levels. The results showed that: (J) The increase in the population urbanization ratio was the result of the joint effect of changes in the urban and rural populations, and the contribution of urban population growth was slightly higher than that of rural population decline. © The migration of the rural population to cities was still the absolute main force driving urban population growth in China, followed by territorial adjustment growth and natural growth. © The spatial distribution of the urban population tended to be dispersed, and the contribution of county-residing urban population changes to urbanization was slightly higher than that of urban population changes in urban areas. ® The urbanization ratio increase in the northeast region was mainly the result of the decrease in the rural population. Natural negative growth and net outflows occurred in the urban population. Moreover, most of this region experienced serious losses in the county-residing urban population. Accordingly, different levels of governments should promptly examine the structural characteristics of their urbanization in the past, continuously promote economic development, and improve public service supply based on the characteristics of their own natural conditions and conditions of urban population changes and distributions to formulate more targeted population urbanization strategies and to explore a sustainable population urbanization path that meets their own reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]