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Abstract Objectives: The aims of the present study were to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented by Australasian emergency physicians at major emergency medicine meetings and to identify the site of publication of papers. Method: All free paper abstracts presented (oral and poster) by Australasian emergency physicians and trainees at five Australasian College for Emergency Medicine/Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine and International Conference on Emergency Medicine meetings between 1995 and 1998 were identified retrospectively from conference programmes. In order to determine whether or not the abstract had been published, the PubMed database (http://www4.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/) was searched using the presenter’s name and key words from the abstract. In addition, a hand search of the non-abstracted journal Emergency Medicine was conducted. Results: Of the 207 free paper abstracts identified, 73 (35%) had been published as full articles. Papers were published in a variety of journals; however, Emergency Medicine accounted for almost half the published papers. The mean time between presentation and publication was 12.6 months (median 11 months). Conclusion: The abstract to publication rate for papers presented by Australasian emergency physicians and trainees at Australasian College for Emergency Medicine/Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine and International Conference on Emergency Medicine meetings is 35%, which is lower than that reported by some other established specialities, but comparable to rates reported for US-based national and international emergency medicine meetings. Future research should look at barriers to the publication of findings and ways to assist the publication process. See Commentary, page 407. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We studied the type and frequency of differences between data presented in conference abstracts and subsequent published papers in the fields of infectious diseases and microbiology. Methods: We reviewed all abstracts from the first session of 7 of 15 major research categories presented in the 1999 and 2000 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. For each selected pair of abstract and related published paper, two independent investigators performed a detailed data comparison. Results: From 190 abstracts reviewed, 68 (36%) were subsequently published as full papers by March 2004. Fifty-two pairs referred to the same study population and period. Differences were found in 30 of 51 pairs, which were further analyzed (point estimate=59%, 95% C.I.: 45-73%). The identified differences were related to both the aims and conclusions of the study (3/30), the study conclusions only (2/30), numbers and/or rates of the studied patients (10/30), numbers or rates of microbiological isolates (9/30), MIC values or Ki values (5/30), other pharmacological properties of antibiotics (2/30), odds ratio (1/30), and duration of observation (1/30). Some differences were considered major. In bivariable associations, time to publication (from presentation in the conference to publication of the full paper) was associated with identifiable differences between the conference abstract and the full paper (OR=1.76, 95% CI 0.95-3.24/year of delay, P=0.07). Conclusions: It is reassuring that although we identified several reportable differences, only a very small proportion of studies exhibited differences in their aims and/or conclusions. Researchers may benefit from the above findings in improving the accuracy of presented data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The selective publication of articles based on factors, such as positive outcome, statistical significance and study size is known as publication bias. If publication bias is present, any clinical decision based on a review of the published work will also be biased. Publication bias has been shown in various specialties, based on review of publication rates for abstracts presented at major scientific meetings. This study was conducted to investigate publication bias in orthopaedics. Methods: Abstracts presented at the 1998 Australian Orthopaedic Association Annual Scientific Meeting were reviewed independently by two reviewers. Details of sample size, study setting, country of origin, outcome and study type were recorded for each abstract. Publication within 5 years was ascertained by electronic searching of Medline and Embase databases and direct author contact. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of publication. Results: The overall publication rate was 31%. Publication was more likely if the study was a laboratory study, rather than a clinical study (odds ratio (OR), 3.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–7.01, P < 0.001). Sample size, country of origin, study type, statistical significance and positive outcome were not significantly associated with publication. Conclusion: According to this study, laboratory studies were significantly more likely to be published than clinical studies. In contrast to previous studies, publication bias due to the selective publication of papers with a positive outcome or those reporting statistical significance was not found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on abstracts of papers presented at the 28th annual meeting of American Society of Dermatopathology. The paper "Lymphocyte Markers in Formalin Fixed Tissue in Jessner's Lymphocytic Infiltrate and Discord Lupus Erythematosus," by R. Akasu and H. Kahn presents a clinical and histological differentiation between Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate and discoid lupus erythematosus. "Lysozyme in Abnormal Dernal Elastic Fibers of Cutaneous Aging, Solar Elastosis and Pseudozanthoma Elasticum," by S. Albrecht, L. From and H.J. Kahn presents a staining pattern of dermal elastic fibers in aging.

Prior research evaluating the papers presented in forensic sciences in international meetings is scant. This study determines the possible predictions concerning publications by comparing the publication rates, publication years, and presentation types, time until publication, participating countries, and criteria of the published journals in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). The publication rates of abstracts presented at scientific meetings of AAFS, a prestigious forensic science organization, along with the aforementioned components and the extent of their contribution in 2011 and 2016 were investigated. The abstracts presented at the AAFS meetings in 2011 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively within the scope of this study. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched using a specified process that included the title, first and last author surnames, and keywords. Results revealed that approximately 21% and 24% of the papers presented at the 2011 and 2016 AAFS meetings, respectively, were published. Considering the publication rates of abstracts according to sections, the publication rates for the 2011 AAFS meeting ranged from 4% (questioned documents) to 31% (anthropology) and from 5% (questioned documents) to 32% (pathology/biology), on average, for the 2016 AAFS meeting. It was determined that the papers were largely published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences for both annual scientific meetings. Future studies should concentrate on the obstacles to the publication of papers presented at such prestigious organizations and strategies to facilitate the publication process such that they do not lose their value over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics related to ophthalmology which include the functional imaging of a human visual cortex, prevention of fall injury among older people with visual impairment and revelation of cortical processes through human behaviour.

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include the case of unilateral tinnitis following dural puncture, acute postoperative pulmonary oedema induced by licorice root and total airway obstruction under general anaesthesia caused by avagal nerve stimulator.

The article presents abstracts on colon cancer including survival difference between left and right-sided colon cancer, colorectal neoplasia screening using immunochemical faecal occult blood test (FIT) in Singapore and the impact of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in managing liver metastases.

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include development of generic fidelity measure in paediatric rehabilitation, computer-based instrument for low motor language testing and development of a tool to evaluate change in high-functioning children having cerebral palsy.

The article presents abstracts on urology topics which include radical prostatectomy to treat localised prostate cancer, the effects of a standardised exercise and lifestyle modification programme on the adverse effects of androgen suppression therapy (AST) and the effect of radical prostatectomy (RP) delay on postoperative functional outcomes of North Americans.

The article presents abstracts on topics related to developmental medicine and child neurology, including aetiological risk factors for children with cerebral palsy born at term, children with cerebral palsy and periventricular white matter injury, and risk of hip displacement in young children after acquired brain injury.

The article presents abstracts on topics related to developmental medicine and child neurology including the importance of cross-syndrome comparisons, development of executive functions during early childhood and the effects of early institutionalisation on brain and behavioural development.

The article presents abstracts on the American Psychosocial Oncology Society's (APOS) 9th Annual Conference which include cancer survivors' quality of life, national policy changes for cancer survivors and substance use in cancer survivors.

The article presents abstracts on cytopathological topics which include the Bethesda system reproducibility for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid, diagnostic usefulness of immunocytochemistry (ICC) combination in thyroid nodules preoperative diagnosis, and rapid on-site evaluation's (ROSE) impact on specimens of bronchoscopy.

The article presents abstracts on cytology including the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for investigating palpable but radiologically occult breast abnormalities, a review of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutational analysis on non small cell lung cancer cytology specimens and development of molecular testing for thyroid cytology specimens.

The article presents abstracts on topics related to penile cancer which include the necessity of the dissection of pelvic lymph node in penile cancer cases, the diagnosis for bladder cancer, and the impact of cytochrome P450 in the muscle survival of bladder cancer patients.

The article presents abstracts related to colorectal diseases which include the potential use of laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection with transanal specimen extraction to treat patients, the use of laparoscopic coloanal anastomosis to cure patients with rectal cancer, and the utility of microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry in families with suspected Lynch syndrome.

This article reviews the principal correlational studies employing citation counts as criterion measures for assessing the impact of scientific scholarship. The rationale and limitations of such measures and studies are discussed. New evidence on the validity of citation criteria is presented based on a sample of 870 cancer research papers, divided into three groups ("first-order" papers, abstracted in the Year Book of Cancer; "second-order" papers, listed but not abstracted in the yearbook; and "average-order" papers, a representative cross section of research papers unlisted in the yearbook). Results consistently show that highly rated papers are more highly cited over the ensuing five years after publication, or when controls are introduced for self-citations, for the influence of listing in the yearbook, and for language and country of authorship. The implications of results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a list of working papers available from the Lincoln Institute about the Institute's land policy agenda. The Lincoln Institute regularly makes available working papers that present the results of new and continuing research on issues related to the Institute's land policy agenda. Most papers are of article length, and many are later published in professional or scholarly journals. The Institute announces a list of papers, as well as a special working paper consisting of abstracts from all in print papers. Some of the papers mentioned include "Ethics of Land Use and the Ideas of Henry George," by Robert V. Andelson, et al; "Wealth, Poverty and Sustainable Development," by David Barkin; etc.

The article presents abstracts related to studies regarding health of horses including continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in anaesthetised horses, surgical treatment for small intestinal obstruction caused by Parascaris equorum infection, and the intra-articular injection of ethanol into proximal interphalangeal joints.

The article presents consultants' proffered abstracts on cancer-related topics which include breast cancer prognosis in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, comparison of two standard chemotherapy regimens for good-prognosis germ-cell tumours, and first-line therapy in hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer.

The article offers suggestions on how to write titles and abstracts while writing a paper. It is stated that titles and abstracts are important part of research papers because they are more often seen by the readers in comparison with the whole paper. It is suggested that titles should clearly state the aim of research and should be condensed and informative so that readers can easily search them. For abstracts it is advised that they should tell the aim, method and findings of the papers.

The author reflects on the similarities of an abstract of a scientific paper to a poetry. He says that like a limerick, the best abstracts are quite irreverent. He adds that the quadripartite rules for the abstract, which include the background information and the results, have their parallels in the verse pattern of the quatrain. According to him, adding controls to the abstract would lead to a short, five-member composition that would work like a limerick.

The authors reflect on the intrinsic quality of the scientific content in a scientific paper. They state that how the scientific material is presented will determine the attention it receives from the readers. An overview of the general characteristics of a scientific material such as the title, keywords, and abstracts is offered. The authors suggest several advice such as having a good and descriptive title and the importance of selecting keywords.

The article presents abstracts of papers related to horses including "Peritoneal and plasma d-lactate concentrations in horses with colic," by S. Z. Yamout and colleagues, "Arthroscopic treatment of meniscal cysts in the horse," by A. J. Nixon and colleagues, and "Assessment of the tissue diffusion of anesthetic agent following administration of a low palmar nerve block in horses," by S. Rao and colleagues.

The article presents consultants' proffered paper session abstracts to be presented at the 2010 Medical Oncology Group of Australia (MOGA) and Private Cancer Physicians of Australia (PCPA) Joint Scientific Meeting which include "Cognitive Function in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients: Interim Analysis of a Longitudinal Prospective Study" and "Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Victoria in 2003: What Has Changed in Ten Years?"

The article presents trainees' proffered paper session abstracts to be presented at the Medical Oncology Group of Australia (MOGA) and Private Cancer Physicians of Australia (PCPA) Joint Scientific Meeting which include "Adjuvant Lipiodol I-131 in Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 22 Patients" and "Mortality Within 30 and 60 Days of Receiving Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy at a Regional Oncology Unit."

The article presents abstracts of research papers on equine veterinary which include effects of fat supplementation on insulin responses in horses, lameness in dressage horses, and parasite resistance and asthma in horses.

The relationship between research productivity of computer scientists (as indicated by the number of papers published) and the breadth of research interest was investigated. A random sample of 419 authors was drawn from a four-year cumulative author index of Computer and Control Abstracts. Data on the number of papers published by these authors and the subject dispersion of these papers were also gathered from Computer and Control Abstracts. A moderately strong positive correlation was found between the number of papers published by each author and the number of subfields of computer science in which these papers were published. Research productivity and breadth of research interest of computer scientists appear to be directly related. It also appears that computer scientists have a more diversified research interest within their own field than environmental scientists who tend to work consistently in a well- defined subfield of their discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several abstracts about gastroenterological endoscopy. Management of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas; Obstruction of the descending colon cancer; Usefulness of transgastrostomic endoscopy.

The article presents abstracts on equine veterinary which include the renosplenic entrapment in a seven-year-old stallion, clinical signs of endotoxaemia in horses with colic and arthroscopic cartilage reattachment for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions.

The article presents abstracts on topics related to developmental medicine and child neurobiology, including the effectiveness of task-oriented intervention and trunk restraint on the quality of upper limb movement in children with cerebral palsy, the motor proficiency of school-age children with developmental speech and language disorders (DSLD) and geographical variability in the provision of support for families of children with severe disabilities and the factors affecting this variability.

The article presents abstracts on developmental medicine and child neurology topics which include the provision of reference values for anaerobic performance and agility in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, the assessment of a mobility questionnaire (MobQues) in measuring mobility limitations in children with cerebral palsy and a study on improving attitudes in school towards children with disabilities.

The article presents abstracts on veterinary medicine research topics including one on the test for the safety and efficacy of streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus as a nebulised intranasal vaccine against streptococcal uterine infections in mares, one on the outcome after medical or surgical treatment of post partum mares with confirmed or presumptive uterine tears, and one on the health status of 14 foals derived by use of somatic cell nuclear transfer.

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include clinical presentation of constipation in children with cerebral palsy, construct validity of the Infant Motor Profile (IMP) and the association between 2D:4D fetal testosterone marker and multidimensional attention in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The article presents abstracts on medical topics which include measurement of reproductive performance among thoroughbred mares, osseous abnormalities associated with collateral ligament and effects of endotoxaemia and carbohydrate overload on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses.

The article presents trainees' proffered abstracts on cancer-related topics which include the rapidly escalating cost of treating cancer in Australia, demographic and pathological variables in stage IV colorectal cancer patients with resected primary tumour, and plasma biomarkers for early detection of chemotherapy response and toxicity in colorectal cancer.

The article presents several abstracts related to nursing including "Nursing Appointments as a Component of the Electronic Patient Record," by Miriam de Abreu Almeida and Suzana Zachia, "Specific Nursing Care for Women With HIV/AIDS," by Rosângela Higa and Zoraide Fp Gregório and "Nausea: A Nursing Diagnosis Validation Study," by Jane Hsiao-Chen Tang.

The article presents information about papers accepted for publication in the European Financial Management Journal. Abstracts of the upcoming papers are available on the World Wide Web. Some of these articles are "The Agency Cost of Overvalued Equity and the Current State of Corporate Finance," by Michael C. Jensen; "An Empirical Analysis of Finnish Mutual Fund Expenses and Returns," by Timo Korkeamaki and Thomas Smythe; "Multinational Diversification and Corporate Performance: Evidence from European Firms," by Ike Mathur, Manohar Singh and Kimberly C. Gleason; "Analyzing Perceived Downside Risk: The Component Value-at-Risk Framework," by Winfred G. Hallerbach and Albert J. Menkveld.

An abstract of the conference paper "Fetal sex diagnosis in normal 11-14 weeks' scan setting. Is it as in the papers?," by F. Avila and colleagues is presented.

This article focuses on the books on family relations. It presents book abstracts and book review essays. A book abstract is a brief summary of a book. A book review essay, however, centers around issues raised in two or more books: Book review essays are peer-reviewed and subject to revision, request for resubmission, and rejection. Book abstracts and book review essays are based on books published within the past two years. These books are based on following topics: Adolescence; Aging; Communication; Cross Cultural Issues; Families and Religion; Families Around the World; Marriage and Family Therapy; Parent-Child Relationships; Parent Education; Public Policy Effects on Families; and Sexuality. Names of some of these books are: "Adolescents After Divorce"; "Social Networks and Social Influences in Adolescence"; "Adolescent Health: The Role of Individual Differences"; "Teenagers: An American History"; "Research on Family Resources and Needs Across the World"; "Family Scripts"; and "Pathways to Manhood: Young Black Males Struggle for Identity."

In this editorial the author comments on factors that disqualify papers from publication in the journal. The author offers ten points, both qualitative and quantitative, that contribute to the rejection of manuscripts submitted for publication. A number of elements are addressed including the importance of the title of the article and the concision of the accompanying abstract, the theory, framework and perspectives contained in an article, and the importance of drawing conclusions only suggested by the data in an article.

The article presents abstracts on topics related to ophthalmology which include an evaluation of a dual coaxial irrigation technology for complicated cataract surgery, an analysis of eye diseases among athletes at the Special Olympics 2007 World Summer Games, and a development of a community based ophthalmology curriculum for undergraduate medical course in Bangladesh.

Presents several abstracts on transfusion medicine. "The Changing Landscape of Transfusion Medicine: 2004-2015," by Walter H. Dzik; "Tackling the Problem of Bacterial Contamination," by James P. AuBuchon; "Granulocyte Transfusion: Best Practice Collection & Transfusion," by Ronald Strauss.

Announces the availability of abstracts of papers on European financial management on the Internet, compiled as of September 2003.

The article presents abstracts of several studies related to cytopathology, including "The Influence of Probiotics on the Cytodiagnostics Quality," by Z. Perisic and colleagues, "Upper Urinary Tract Cytology Audit," by P. Mikou and colleagues, and "Radiation Changes in Urinary Cytology: Report of a Case," by M. Mehzad.

The article provides the author's insights on whether the same research articles submitted in different languages violate the standards of academic journal publishing and ethics, and shows self-plagiarism. The author suggests that editors of non-English journals must require a detailed English abstract which will be edited by journal editors or by members of the journal editorial board to address the imbalance in written articles. Meanwhile, the author proposes the establishment of a World Translators' Organization (WTO) to translate research articles for scientists or scholars from developing countries.

The old Asian legend about the blind men and the elephant comes to mind when looking at how different authors of scientific papers describe a piece of related prior work. It turns out that different citations to the same paper often focus on different aspects of that paper and that neither provides a full description of its full set of contributions. In this article, we will describe our investigation of this phenomenon. We studied citation summaries in the context of research papers in the biomedical domain. A citation summary is the set of citing sentences for a given article and can be used as a surrogate for the actual article in a variety of scenarios. It contains information that was deemed by peers to be important. Our study shows that citation summaries overlap to some extent with the abstracts of the papers and that they also differ from them in that they focus on different aspects of these papers than do the abstracts. In addition to this, co-cited articles (which are pairs of articles cited by another article) tend to be similar. We show results based on a lexical similarity metric called cohesion to justify our claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the original Bethesda system and the current UK classifications of cervical cytology have proved robust but each has a major weakness in the area of abnormalities of uncertain significance. Cytologists recognize that sometimes it is simply impossible to differentiate between reactive and dyskaryotic material. For this reason, the Australian version of the Bethesda system introduced a new category of ‘high grade inconclusive’ with a recommendation for referral to colposcopy. Approximately 60% of such cases are found to have high grade lesions at colposcopy (Schoolland M, Sterrett G, Knowles S et al .). The present UK system even with the proposed changes requires of the pathologist, a decision as to whether such cases are probably high grade (=a report of moderate dyskaryosis) or not (= a report of borderline). This continues to ignore the fact that sometimes you just cannot tell, even on review. We have taken a consecutive series of 50 referral smears, reported as moderate dyskaryosis, where the histological outcome (by loop cone) is known. These cases were rescreened and then reviewed blind by a pathologist with extensive experience of the Australian NH & MRC modified Bethesda system. On review, the material was reclassified along NH & MRC lines. The results were compared with the biopsy findings in order to determine whether the category of ‘inconclusive’ might be of value in the context of the NHSCSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Recent changes in terminology have recognized that cervical smears may contain cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, suspicious for high grade dyskaryosis, which are not definitively diagnostic. Aims The correlation of cyopathological features present in a prospective series of cervical smears diagnosed as ‘borderline nuclear change – high grade dyskaryosis not excluded’ (BNCH) with clinical and histological follow-up. Methods We have been using the BNCH diagnosis in our practice since June 1999. Cases of BNCH between June 1999 and June 2002 were retrieved from computerized laboratory records. Questionnaires were sent to referring clinicians regarding clinical follow-up, including results of colposcopy, histology and follow-up smears. Smears were reviewed for the presence of microbiopsies or single atypical cells. Numbers of atypical cells were quantified as less than/equal to or greater than 3. Results A total of 106 reports on conventional cervical smears diagnosed as BNCH from 1999 to 2002 were retrieved; they comprised of 0.098% of a total of 107 634 smears screened over that period. Clinical follow-up, with histology (n = 54), colposcopy (n = 26) or repeat cytology (n = 10), was available in 88 of 106 cases. Thirty-one (35%) showed a high grade abnormality (CIN2, CIN3 or invasive squamous or adenocarcinomas), 15 (17%) showed a borderline/low grade abnormality (repeat BNCH or CIN1) and 42 (48%) were negative. Eighty-seven of these were reviewed cytologically ( Table 1). Conclusions The BNCH category has a substantial yield of high grade abnormalities on follow-up, which may be greater in cases where atypical cells are pre-dominantly within microbiopsies. These findings support the introduction of the BNCH terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]