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This paper is in two parts: 'There', which is a review of some of the major advances in the study of spindle structure and function during the past 50 years, serving as an introduction to the symposium entitled 'Mechanotransduction, Muscle Spindles and Proprioception' held in Munich in July 2022; and 'And Back Again', presenting new quantitative morphological results on the equatorial nuclei of intrafusal muscle fibres and of the primary sensory ending in relationship to passive stretch of the spindle. What is the topic of this paper?This paper concerns the relationship between structure and function of the mammalian muscle spindle, its intrafusal muscle fibres and their sensory and motor innervation.What advances does it highlight?The paper summarizes the development of knowledge of the number of types of intrafusal muscle fibres and the pattern and functional significance of their fusimotor innervation. New observations are presented on the quantitative functional morphology of equatorial nuclei and primary sensory endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author focuses on program debugging, process of finding and removing bugs from a computer program and its internal mechanism. He informs that the special section on program debugging is taken from the articles presented in the 35th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2011) held in Munich, Germany in July 2011. He states that the papers selected were related to the fault location statistically in computer programs.

Projects First tunnel boring machine goes into action at Brenner "Sill Gorge‐Pfons" / Andrehen der ersten Tunnelbohrmaschine am Brenner‐Baulos Sillschlucht‐Pfons Deutsche Bahn starts tunnelling for Wendlingen "big bend" / Deutsche Bahn startet Vortrieb für Große Wendlinger Kurve Renaturalisation of Lake Uri using tunnel spoil / Renaturierung des Urnersees mit Tunnelausbruchmaterial Contract awarded for H53 "Pfons‐Brenner" / Zuschlag für Baulos H53 Pfons‐Brenner erteilt Companies New estimate for total cost of the Brenner Base Tunnel / Neue Schätzung der Gesamtkosten für den Brenner Basistunnel Events 2nd European short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in Munich / Zweiter europäischer Short course "Grouting Fundamentals & Current Practice" in München Call for papers – Topics for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become an essential part of maritime navigation, in particular to improve situational awareness and vessel traffic management. The dependence on GNSS creates vulnerability for maritime shipping. Driven by this vulnerability, the desire for a backup system for maritime navigation has been emerging. The VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) standard provides communication capabilities for maritime applications. VDES is currently being revised. As part of this revision, VDES will be extended by ranging and navigation functionalities, called R‐Mode, as an alternative for maritime navigation. In this paper, we address system design aspects and evaluate the positioning performance of VDES R‐Mode. We derive estimation theory bounds on the accuracy of VDES R‐Mode distance and velocity. In a case study, we discuss and evaluate the benefit of satellite links to complement VDES R‐Mode positioning. Furthermore, we introduce a Kalman filter for position and velocity tracking, which we apply to experimental data. We describe an experiment we conducted at Lake Ammer, southwest of Munich, and evaluate the VDES R‐Mode positioning performance for this setup. Our experimental results show that VDES R‐Mode is capable of achieving a 95th‐percentile horizontal position error of 22 m. Thus, VDES R‐Mode is a promising approach for a maritime backup system that can meet the IALA accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analyzing the vulnerability of a network and identifying its critical spots is of great importance for today's decision makers. The in‐depth knowledge about the underlying network and its efficiency is fundamental to adequate decision making. In this paper, the flow‐weighted efficiency measure is introduced and exemplarily demonstrated on a physical network—the underground network of Munich, Germany. This paper addresses the usability of the weight values of a graph from an efficiency point of view. The proposed measure calculates the flow‐weighted efficiency in a subway network by computing the shortest route between every pair of stations and the according bottleneck flow of the trains. Results show that the network efficiency is invariant over all schedules, whereas the flow‐weighted efficiency is significantly varying according to the train schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two warmblood horses with a history of chronic weight loss and inappetence were referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany, for further examination. The clinical signs in horse 1 were fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and chronic ulcerative keratopathy of both eyes. Horse 2 had severe oral ulcerations and was coughing during feeding. In both horses, increased bronchovesicular sounds were heard during auscultation of the lungs. Laboratory findings included mild anaemia, lymphopenia and hypoalbuminaemia. Radiographic examination of the thorax revealed a severe nodular interstitial pattern. Multiple nodular lesions on the surface of the lung were observed by ultrasonographic examination. Light microscopy of lung biopsy specimens obtained from horse 1 revealed a severe chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. Both horses were eventually euthanased because of a poor prognosis. Postmortem examination confirmed severe multinodular fibrosing interstitial pneumonia in both horses, and lung tissue yielded positive results for equine herpesvirus type 5 DNA using PCR assay. On the basis of the clinical, radiographic and pathological findings, as well as the PCR results, the diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the boom in urban living has come a boom in urban gardening. In particular, urban community gardening is an increasingly popular form of horticultural production, community involvement and connection to nature. Through the establishment and management of community gardens, biodiversity can flourish, with community gardens as 'hotspots' of flora and fauna within the urban matrix. Gardeners can deeply connect with the natural elements of gardens and thus learn about and gain appreciation for the natural world. Such interactions can combat the loss of nature experiences in cities. Despite their benefits for nature and for people, community gardens are threatened ecosystems as often temporary fixtures in city landscapes due to lack of land tenure and policy protection.In this perspective, we recognize community gardens as an important ecosystem in urban conservation and argue for the defence of urban community gardens by city policy. We formalize this activity and the value of these ecosystems with scientific evidence from ecological and social‐ecological research in 39 community gardens in Berlin and Munich, Germany.Although our data reveal that these gardens support large amounts of biodiversity and catalyse human‐nature connections, a lack of comprehensive documentation of social‐ecological benefits at the city level can make community gardens vulnerable to urban planning threats; we have seen losses of multiple research sites in the last 4 years of biodiversity research.Policy implications: To protect community gardens now and for future urban generations, we call for systematic and comprehensive data collection on community gardening activities and policy support for these urban ecosystems. Some cities are starting to do this and this can be scaled out. We argue for the recognition of urban community gardens as a physical land use and also of the gardeners themselves as important habitat managers and stewards of urban biodiversity. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 2009 Eurographics Symposium on Parallel Graphics and Visualization (EGPGV 2009) from March 29 to March 30, 2009 in Munich, Germany. The papers accepted for the symposium covered topics on computer graphics and visualization. Peter Shirley highlighted how desktop parallelism allows ray tracing to be an alternative to the traditional status quo of rasterization for interactive rendering while Matt Pharr identified how to control the parallel computing power of graphical architectures.

This paper examines the impact of integrated environmental product innovations on company competitiveness. In a regional case study about automotive, rail and commercial vehicle firms in Southern Germany it is found that integrated environmental product innovation is driven by factors such as regulatory pressure, the search for competitive advantages and technological lead as well as customer pressure. Regulatory pressure includes sector policies, such as emission standards, and wider non-sector energy conservation issues, at both national and international levels. For instance, EU directives on future use of renewable energy as well as national goals for reaching the Kyoto protocol play an important role in driving innovation. The study finds that integrated environmental product innovations driven by regulatory pressure produce similar competitiveness impacts as innovations undertaken voluntarily by companies. Such results yield supporting evidence for the so-called ‘Porter hypothesis’, which assumes that environmental legislation stimulates innovation and leads to ‘win–win’ situations – the simultaneous reduction of pollution and increase in productivity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented which discusses the submissions for the Ninth International Conference on Highrise Towers and Tall Buildings (HTTB 2010) held in Munich, Germany on April 14-16, 2010.

2nd Stammstrecke in Munich: start of diaphragm walling works at the main station / 2. Stammstrecke München: Beginn der Schlitzwandarbeiten am Hauptbahnhof Consortium of Strabag, Skanska and Costain receives "Notice to Proceed" from HS2 / Konsortium aus Strabag, Skanska und Costain erhält „Notice to Proceed" von HS2 First large contract for trackbed / Erster Großauftrag für Bau des Gleisbetts New headrace for the Rodundwerk I / Neuer Kraftabstieg für das Rodundwerk I InnoTrans postponed to 27 to 30 April 2021 / InnoTrans auf 27. bis 30. April 2021 verschoben Femern A/S activates construction contracts for the tunnel element works / Femern A/S aktiviert Bauverträge für die Tunnelelementfabrik Last tunnel breakthrough at the south head of Stuttgart main station / Letzter Tunneldurchschlag am Südkopf des Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs Semmering Base Tunnel half excavated / Semmering‐Basistunnel zur Hälfte gegraben Call for papers – Themes for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper, using Spielberg's Munich as a test case, argues that the theory of ethicism – the view that a work of art's moral point of view affects the work's overall aesthetic evaluation – has serious restricted applicability owing to a number of reasons. Ethicism does not apply to works of art (1) that have no moral content; (2) that do have moral content but whose prescribed responses are non-moral; (3) whose prescribed moral responses do not ask the audience to accept or reject the moral claim but merely to contemplate or entertain it; (4) whose prescribed moral responses assert moral claims that are indeterminate; and (5) whose prescribed moral responses are embodied in equally plausible or true but incompatible interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Education Programme at Eurographics 2009 in Munich, Germany from March 31 to April 1, 2009. There were 12 presentations which range from a new method of teaching quaternions to teaching computer graphics in the context of theatre. W. Muto from the Drexel University presented the paper "Applications of Multitouch & Gaming Technology for the Classroom" in the games in education session. C. Larboulette of the University Rey Juan Carlos, Spain presented the "Computer Animation Curriculum: An Interdisciplinary Approach."

Question: What are the main reasons for changes in the spatial distribution of vegetation types during the last four decades? Location: Isolated small deciduous forest; surrounded by farmland in the northeast of Munich (Germany).Methods: Based on sequential vegetation mapping from the last four decades the spatial development of the vegetation was analysed. Additionally, environmental parameters (soil parameters, PAR, N-deposition) have been analysed to describe the different vegetation types. Results: By linking the vegetation types to environmental parameters, it was possible to identify N-deposition as the most important factor for the changes. In the 1960s to 1980s the replacement of vegetation types adapted to N-poor conditions by N-rich vegetation was very fast. A vegetation type containing species signifying soil impoverishment vanished totally, another vegetation type indicating nutrient poor conditions decreased dramatically. However, since 1985 up to now the decrease of N-poor vegetation types has slowed, but is still ongoing. As a reason for the decreased rate of replacement, we stressed changes in the vertical structure: From 1961 to 1985 both N-deposition as well as changes in vertical vegetation structure seem to be important. Since 1985 up to now only minor changes in vertical structure could be found; changes are mainly due to N-availability. Conclusion: In this paper, the limitations of different methods to detect vegetation changes are discussed. We focus on the potentials of historical vegetation data and vegetation maps. It is shown that valuable information on N-induced vegetation changes can be retrieved from historical vegetation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: First tube of the Feuerbach Tunnel broken through / Erste Röhre des Tunnels Feuerbach durchgeschlagen Rastatt Tunnel: Works continue in the east bore / Tunnel Rastatt: Arbeiten in Oströhre gehen weiter Preparations for mechanised tunnelling in Mauls / Vorbereitungen für die maschinellen Vortriebe in Mauls Breakthrough in the Eppenberg Tunnel / Durchschlag im Eppenbergtunnel ILF gains follow‐up contract at the Brenner Base Tunnel / ILF erhält Folgeauftrag für den Brenner Basistunnel Hochtief and Vinci to design and build Metro line in Copenhagen / Hochtief und Vinci planen und bauen Metrolinie in Kopenhagen Rail tunnel for Erding ring closure at Munich airport / Bahntunnel für Erdinger Ringschluss am Flughafen München Asfinag invests 1.1 billion Euros / Asfinag investiert 1,1 Milliarden Euro Risk analysis for the ”train into the clouds“ in Argentina / Risikoanalyse für Argentiniens „Zug in die Wolken” DSI takes over specialist for robotic maintenance / DSI übernimmt Spezialist für Roboter gestützte Instandhaltung Drill and blast excavation of the main tubes of the Filder Tunnel completed / Sprengvortrieb in den Hauptröhren des Fildertunnels beendet Call for papers – Themes for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der „Geomechanics and Tunnelling” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grading of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) based on tumour budding and cell nest size has been termed cellular dissociation grading (CDG) and was suggested as a robust outcome predictor when assessed in biopsies and resections of various extrapulmonary SCCs. In pulmonary SCC (pSCC), this has so far been shown only for resected cancers. As most lung cancers are inoperable, it is of utmost importance to clarify whether the prognostic impact of CDG is retained in the biopsy setting. Two independent pSCC biopsy cohorts from Munich (n = 134, non‐resected) and Heidelberg (n = 135, resected) were assessed. Tumour budding and cell nest size measures were assembled into the three‐tiered CDG system (G1–G3). Data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall‐ (OS), disease‐specific‐ (DSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). Interobserver variability and concordance between biopsy and resection specimen were also investigated. CDG was highly congruent between biopsy and resection specimens (κ = 0.77, p < 0.001). In both pSCC cohorts, biopsy‐derived CDG strongly impacted on OS, DSS, and DFS (e.g. DFS: p < 0.001). In multivariate survival analyses, CDG remained a stage independent predictor of survival in both cohorts (DFS: p < 0.001 respectively; hazard ratio Munich cohort: CDG‐G2: 4.31, CDG‐G3; 5.14; Heidelberg cohort: CDG‐G2: 5.87, CDG‐G3: 9.07). Interobserver agreement for CDG was almost perfect (κ = 0.84, p < 0.001). We conclude that assessment of CDG based on tumour budding and cell nest size is feasible on pSCC biopsies and harbours stage independent prognostic information in resectable as well as non‐resectable pSCC. Integration of this grading approach into clinicopathological routine should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Homeostatic and circadian processes play a pivotal role in determining sleep structure, timing, and quality. In sharp contrast with the wide accessibility of the electroencephalogram (EEG) index of sleep homeostasis, an electrophysiological measure of the circadian modulation of sleep is still unavailable. Evidence suggests that sleep‐spindle frequencies decelerate during biological night. In order to test the feasibility of measuring this marker in common polysomnographic protocols, the Budapest‐Munich database of sleep records (N = 251 healthy subjects, 122 females, age range: 4–69 years), as well as an afternoon nap sleep record database (N = 112 healthy subjects, 30 females, age range: 18–30 years) were analysed by the individual adjustment method of sleep‐spindle analysis. Slow and fast sleep‐spindle frequencies were characterised by U‐shaped overnight dynamics, with highest values in the first and the fourth‐to‐fifth sleep cycle and the lowest values in the middle of the sleeping period (cycles two to three). Age‐related attenuation of sleep‐spindle deceleration was evident. Estimated phases of the nadirs in sleep‐spindle frequencies were advanced in children as compared to other age groups. Additionally, nap sleep spindles were faster than night sleep spindles (0.57 and 0.39 Hz difference for slow and fast types, respectively). The fine frequency resolution analysis of sleep spindles is a feasible method of measuring the assumed circadian modulation of sleep. Moreover, age‐related attenuation of circadian sleep modulation might be measurable by assessing the overnight dynamics in sleep‐spindle frequency. Phase of the minimal sleep‐spindle frequency is a putative biomarker of chronotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution imposes great costs on productivity, safety and health of individuals and dictates necessity of a proactive air pollution management. This, in turn, requires powerful tools for air quality modeling. In this article we develop a two‐stage procedure for predicting exceedances of the EU legal limits for PM10 and O3 concentrations using hourly data. Within the first stage we deploy machine learning methods to produce accurate 24‐h‐ahead forecasts of hourly pollutant concentrations at seven specific locations in the cities of Augsburg and Munich, Germany. The best performance was shown by the Stochastic Gradient Boosting Model—an ensemble tree‐based method, especially convenient because of its computational efficiency and robustness to overfitting. Its predictive ability was largely superior to that reported by similar studies. In the second stage, the hourly forecasts were used to predict the exceedances of the EU daily limits for PM10 and O3 concentrations. For both pollutants we could achieve the average probability of exceedances detection above 80%, while keeping the probability of false alarms at a reasonably low level. Such satisfactory results show that our approach can be successfully applied to anticipate the shocks, which would allow authorities to manage them in the most effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many dog owners create nutritionally imbalanced raw meat‐based diets (RMBD) with information from the Internet and pseudo‐scientific books, some even use pre‐prepared frozen raw feed from online shops, local butchers or other providers. The risk of nutritional imbalances is therefore present. Blood profiles for dogs fed RMBD are promoted by laboratories as a simple tool for the owner to check the nutritional supply situation. Veterinarian nutrition specialists seem to be consulted less frequently and, in most cases, when blood analyses show deviations from reference ranges. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a RMBD blood profile reflects possible malnutrition according to a computer‐aided ration check and to assess its clinical relevance. Using standardized questionnaires, the average daily rations of 104 dogs, 83 of which were fed raw diets versus 21 commercially fed dogs, were analysed using Diet Check Munich©, based on the National Research Council values. Afterwards, the SYNLAB.vet GmbH 'Barfer‐Profil' test including calcium, phosphate, calcium/phosphate ratio, vitamin A, vitamin D, copper, zinc and iodine with additional parameters taurine, urea, uric acid and creatinine was carried out. No significant correlation between nutrient supply and associated blood parameters could be detected. Diet calculation revealed significantly more nutritional imbalances in the RMBD group than in the control group. Low plasma taurine could be detected only in the RMBD group. After participating, 30% of the dog owners (RMBD group) decided to adjust their dogs' diets at the nutrition consultation of the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine of the LMU Munich. Based on these results, for most parameters a RMBD blood profile is not an appropriate tool to monitor a dog's nutrition and computer‐aided ration calculation remains the gold standard for detecting nutritional imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reviews results of a study conducted by the Technische Universität München into why the majority of German multinationals covered by the European Works Council (EWC) Directive (1994) continue not to take advantage of this legal provision. After providing a brief outline of the project's research design, the main part of the article considers reasons why employee representatives fail to set up an EWC. As will be shown, these reasons mainly concern (i) a knowledge deficit about the EWC Directive; (ii) a lack of transparency regarding company structure; and (iii) the perceived limited value of an EWC on the part of German works councillors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the Thirtieth General Assembly of the EUROGRAPHICS Association held at the Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany on April 1, 2009. The Chairman, Doctor Roberto Scopigno, reported that the new membership categories approved in 2008 by the General Assembly were being implemented. He also gave a report of the activities of the Association. Internal accounts and audited accounts are discussed.

In the mid seventeenth century, Carlo Ridolfi attributed to Giorgione a Portrait of a Young Man in a Fur Coat, now in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich. However, Ridolfi was confused about much of Giorgione's oeuvre, and his ascription is now generally discarded. Currently, most scholars believe that the portrait was executed by Palma Vecchio, but style and chronology suggest otherwise, and in this paper Mauro Lucco's attribution of the painting to Sebastiano Luciani, known later in his career as Sebastiano del Piombo, is endorsed. Ridolfi also stated that the young man in the Munich portrait was a member of the Fugger family of Augsburg, and the reasons for accepting this are sound. Here, the sitter is recognised as Anton Fugger (1493–1560), an identification that is supported by biographical details, and through comparison with other known likenesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disturbed oxygenation is foremost the leading clinical presentation in COVID‐19 patients. However, a small proportion also develop carbon dioxide removal problems. The Advanced Organ Support (ADVOS) therapy (ADVITOS GmbH, Munich, Germany) uses a less invasive approach by combining extracorporeal CO2‐removal and multiple organ support for the liver and the kidneys in a single hemodialysis device. The aim of our study is to evaluate the ADVOS system as treatment option in‐COVID‐19 patients with multi‐organ failure and carbon dioxide removal problems. COVID‐19 patients suffering from severe respiratory insufficiency, receiving at least two treatments with the ADVOS multi system (ADVITOS GmbH, Munich, Germany), were eligible for study inclusion. Briefly, these included patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) according to KDIGO guidelines, and moderate or severe ARDS according to the Berlin definition, who were on invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours. In total, nine COVID‐19 patients (137 ADVOS treatment sessions with a median of 10 treatments per patient) with moderate to severe ARDS and carbon dioxide removal problems were analyzed. During the ADVOS treatments, a rapid correction of acid‐base balance and a continuous CO2 removal could be observed. We observed a median continuous CO2 removal of 49.2 mL/min (IQR: 26.9‐72.3 mL/min) with some treatments achieving up to 160 mL/min. The CO2 removal significantly correlated with blood flow (Pearson 0.421; P <.001), PaCO2 (0.341, P <.001) and HCO3‐ levels (0.568, P <.001) at the start of the treatment. The continuous treatment led to a significant reduction in PaCO2 from baseline to the last ADVOS treatment. In conclusion, it was feasible to remove CO2 using the ADVOS system in our cohort of COVID‐19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. This efficient removal of CO2 was achieved at blood flows up to 300 mL/min using a conventional hemodialysis catheter and without a membrane lung or a gas phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article engages with occupational aspirations of highly educated refugees with the aim to explore how their social positions of being highly educated and a refugee inform their aspirations. It does so by drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 30 highly educated refugees living in Malmö and Munich. Findings show how highly educated refugees' occupational aspirations are informed by their educational and occupational resources, identity struggles and an interpretation of the local opportunity structures that is offered by public employment service (PES) case officers. The article thus argues that, rather than reflecting personal traits, occupational aspirations have socially grounded character. In doing so, the article contributes to the empirical knowledge about labour market integration of highly educated refugees, to our conceptualisation of refugee integration and to our understanding of the role that state integration programmes for refugees, particularly the PES case officers, play within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke Arnulfpark quert alle 37 Bahngleise im Bereich zwischen Hacker‐ und Donnersbergerbrücke in München. Der Überbau mit veränderlichem Querschnitt aus Stahl wurde 2018 und 2019 im Taktschiebe‐Verfahren erstellt. Die Montage der Berührschutzverglasung erfolgte im Anschluss – noch vor dem Abstapeln des Überbaus in die endgültige Position. Die streifenförmig bedruckten Verglasungen füllen die rechteckigen Öffnungen zwischen Ober‐ und Untergurt. Sie sind linien‐ und punktförmig gehalten und zur Brückenachse hin geneigt, sodass neben den Anforderungen an die Stoßsicherheit nach DIN 18008‐4 auch der Nachweis der Resttragfähigkeit zu erfüllen sind. Aufgrund der Abweichungen zu den technischen Regeln wurde eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall beantragt, welche auf Basis entsprechender Bauteilversuche und einer gutachterlichen Stellungnahme erteilt wurde. Entlang der Verbindungstreppen zu zwei S‐Bahnsteigen und an einer benachbarten Lärmschutzwand wurden weitere großformatige, punktförmig gelagerte Verglasungen verbaut. Bei der statischen Berechnung war unter anderem der Lastfall Zugvorbeifahrt zu berücksichtigen. The Arnulfpark Bridge – Glass as contact protection and design element. The foot and bicycle bridge Arnulfpark crosses all 37 railroad tracks between Hacker‐ and Donners‐berger‐Bridge in Munich. The superstructure with its varying cross section made of steel was built by means of incremental launching method in 2018 and 2019. The installation of the contact protection glazing was carried out subsequently, but before destacking the superstructure to its final position. The strip‐shaped printed glazing fills the rectangular openings between top and bottom flange. It is linear and point supported and inclined towards the bridge axis. Therefore, in addition to the requirements for impact resistance according to DIN 18008‐4, the verification of the residual load‐bearing capacity must also be fulfilled. Due to the deviations from the technical rules, a special building permit was requested, which was granted on the basis of pendelum impact tests and an expert's opinion. Along the connecting stairs to two S‐Bahn platforms and on an adjacent noise barrier, further large‐format, point supported glazing was installed. In the static calculation, the load case train pass‐by had to be considered among other things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, with 30% of all those diagnosed developing chronic or relapsing disease by adolescence. Such disease persistence cannot yet be predicted. The aim of the present study was to predict the natural course of AD using clinical parameters and serum proteins. Methods: Sera of 144 children with AD (age 0‐3 years) were analyzed for IgE and 33 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Patient disease course until the age of 7 years was assessed retrospectively. Unsupervised k‐means clustering was performed to define disease endotypes. Identified factors associated with AD persistence at the age of 7 years were validated in children with AD in an independent cohort (LISA Munich; n = 168). Logistic regression and XGBoosting methods followed by cross‐validation were applied to predict individual disease outcomes. Results: Three distinct endotypes were found in infancy, characterized by a unique inflammatory signature. Factors associated with disease persistence were disease score (SCORAD), involvement of the limbs, flexural lesion distribution at the age of 3 years, allergic comorbidities, and disease exacerbation by the trigger factors stress, pollen exposure, and change in weather. Persistence was predicted with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.4%. Factors with a high impact on the prediction of persistence were SCORAD at the age of 3 years, trigger factors, and low VEGF serum levels. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis in infancy comprises three immunological endotypes. Disease persistence can be predicted using serum cytokines and clinical variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report on the commissioning and clinical validation of the first commercially available independent Monte Carlo (MC) three‐dimensional (3D) dose calculation for CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system® (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA). Methods: The independent dose calculation (IDC) by SciMoCa® (Scientific RT, Munich, Germany) was validated based on water measurements of output factors and dose profiles (unshielded diode, field‐size dependent corrections). A set of 84 patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) measurements for multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) plans, using an Octavius two‐dimensional SRS1000 array (PTW, Freiburg, Germany), was compared to results of respective calculations. Statistical process control (SPC) was used to detect plans outside action levels. Results: Of all output factors for the three collimator systems of the CyberKnife, 99% agreed within 2% and 81% within 1%, with a maximum deviation of 3.2% for a 5‐mm fixed cone. The profiles were compared using a one‐dimensional gamma evaluation with 2% dose difference and 0.5 mm distance‐to‐agreement (Γ(2,0.5)). The off‐centre ratios showed an average pass rate >99% (92–100%). The agreement of the depth dose profiles depended on field size, with lowest pass rates for the smallest MLC field sizes. The average depth dose pass rate was 88% (35–99%). The IDCs showed a Γ(2,1) pass rate of 98%. Statistical process control detected six plans outside tolerance levels in the measurements, all of which could be attributed the measurement setup. Independent dose calculations showed problems in five plans, all due to differences in the algorithm between TPS and IDC. Based on these results changes were made in the class solution for treatment plans. Conclusion: The first commercially available MC 3D dose IDC was successfully commissioned and validated for the CyberKnife and replaced all routine patient‐specific QA measurements in our clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the second International Conference on Materials for Energy to be held at Convention Center Karlsruhe in Germany from May 12-16, 2013 and the European Conference on Heat Treatment and 21st International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE) Congress to be held in Munich, Germany from May 12-15, 2014.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, mental health is a state of well‐being and not merely the absence of disease. However, studies exploring subjective well‐being in patients with skin diseases are very rare. Objectives: To assess subjective well‐being, i.e. 'happiness', in patients with different skin diseases and to compare them to other patient groups and healthy controls. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 12/2017 to 04/2019. Patients receiving in‐ or outpatient care for psoriasis, atopic eczema, nummular eczema, mastocytosis, skin cancer (malignant melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) were recruited at two hospitals in Bavaria, Germany. Healthy individuals living in or near Munich served as a control group. All participants filled in a questionnaire assessing happiness, measured as positive affect (PA), negative affect and satisfaction with life (SWL; together representing subjective well‐being) and a heuristic evaluation of one's own happiness. Results: Data from 229 dermatologic patients (53.3 ± 18.5 years, 48% women), 49 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (48.9 ± 18.7 years, 43% women), 49 patients with HIV (46 ± 10.1 years, 10% women) and 106 healthy controls (38.4 ± 13.4 years, 49% women) were analysed. Compared to the controls, dermatologic patients reported lower heuristic happiness (P = 0.023) and PA (P = 0.001) but higher SWL (P = 0.043). Patients with psoriasis and atopic eczema reported the lowest happiness, as they reported significantly lower PA (P = 0.032 and P < 0.001) and heuristic happiness (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015) than the control group. Patients with skin cancer reported higher SWL than the control group (P = 0.003). Dermatologic patients reported lower happiness than patients with HIV but reported greater happiness than patients with IBD. Conclusions: Dermatologic patients experience lower levels of happiness, especially PA, compared to healthy controls. As PA is linked to desirable health outcomes, targeting PA could be a promising holistic approach for the treatment of skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measured specific activities of the long‐lived cosmogenic radionuclides 60Fe in 28 iron meteorites and 53Mn in 41 iron meteorites. Accelerator mass spectrometry was applied at the 14 MV Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility at ANU Canberra for all samples except for two which were measured at the Maier‐Leibnitz Laboratory, Munich. For the large iron meteorite Twannberg (IIG), we measured six samples for 53Mn. This work doubles the number of existing individual 60Fe data and quadruples the number of iron meteorites studied for 60Fe. We also significantly extended the entire 53Mn database for iron meteorites. The 53Mn data for the iron meteorite Twannberg vary by more than a factor of 30, indicating a significant shielding dependency. In addition, we performed new model calculations for the production of 60Fe and 53Mn in iron meteorites. While the new model is based on the same particle spectra as the earlier model, we no longer use experimental cross sections but instead use cross sections that were calculated using the latest version of the nuclear model code INCL. The new model predictions differ substantially from results obtained with the previous model. Predictions for the 60Fe activity concentrations are about a factor of 2 higher, for 53Mn, they are ~30% lower, compared to the earlier model, which gives now a better agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All living organisms secrete molecules for intercellular communication. Recent research has revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in inter-organismal cell-to-cell communication by transporting diverse messenger molecules, including RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins. These discoveries have raised fundamental questions regarding EV biology. How are EVs biosynthesized and loaded with messenger/cargo molecules? How are EVs secreted into the extracellular matrix? What are the EV uptake mechanisms of recipient cells? As EVs are produced by all kind of organisms, from unicellular bacteria and protists, filamentous fungi and oomycetes, to complex multicellular life forms such as plants and animals, basic research in diverse model systems is urgently needed to shed light on the multifaceted biology of EVs and their role in inter-organismal communications. To help catalyse progress in this emerging field, a mini-symposium was held in Munich, Germany in August 2018. This report highlights recent progress and major questions being pursued across a very diverse group of model systems, all united by the question of how EVs contribute to inter-organismal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incidence of anal carcinoma is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH). Due to the improved life expectancy in PLWH, identifying appropriate prevention strategies for non‐AIDS‐defining cancer types such as anal carcinoma has become a priority in managing PLWH today. Objective: We aimed to evaluate anal cytology assessment as screening tool for anal dysplasia and/or carcinoma in PLWH, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between cancer risk factors and abnormal screening results in our patient cohort. Methods: People living with HIV from the Interdisciplinary HIV Centre of the University Hospital rechts der Isar in Munich, Germany (IZAR), were screened for anal carcinoma by single cytobrush examination and anal Papanicolaou (PAP) smear assessment from 2013 to 2015. Patients with abnormal PAP smear result were offered a follow‐up examination after 12 months. Differences between two groups were tested for statistical significance using Student's t‐test and Mann–Whitney U‐test, as appropriate. Results: In total, 101 PLWH were included. 26.7% of subjects (n = 27) were PAP IIID, and 9.9% (n = 10) were PAP IVa. Seven female subjects had an abnormal finding at screening. Smoking was significantly associated with abnormal findings at screening (P = 0.005). In addition, our study found an association between sexually transmitted infections (STI) and anal dysplasia. Condylomata acuminata were increased in subjects with PAP IIID/PAP IVa (P = 0.045). Reactive syphilis serology was found to be significantly associated with abnormal screening results (P = 0.016), respectively. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that smoking and two common STIs, condylomata acuminata and syphilis, are risk factors associated with advanced anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) stages in our PLWH cohort. While further analysis is needed to determine diagnostic guidelines concerning AIN in PLWH, these results suggest that interdisciplinary lifestyle prevention strategies are required to reduce the risk factors for AIN in PLWH in an outpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Felix Wankel Animal Welfare Research Award of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. Such award recognizes outstanding and innovative research papers that aim to replace or reduce the use of animals in experiments. It also aims to ensure the health and proper housing of laboratory animals, pets, and livestock. Scientists, members of scientific institutions and expert societies, and representatives of the scientific media are qualified for nomination.

The development of birch pollen seasons over 30 years in Munich, Germany - An EAACI Task Force report* The data from the pollen trap in Munich from 1988 until 2018, except for 1995, were used to calculate9 the time of onset and end of birch pollen season over the 30-year period, including the peak pollen days and the total annual sum of birch pollen. GLO:1X5/01dec20:all14470-fig-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 1 Overview on the start and end of birch pollen season, the number of days >=100 birch pollen/m3 and the total pollen (annual sum) measured at the pollen station Frauenlobstrasse 9-11 in 80337 Munich, Germany from 1988 till 2018, except of 1995. [Extracted from the article]

From July 28th through 30th, 1976, a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Symposium on Biofeedback and Behavior, sponsored by the Scientific Affair Division of NATO, with additional support provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, will be held in Munich, Germany, to provide an international forum for the dissemination of information concerning recent research on biofeedback mechanisms and the learned control of bodily processes, and to facilitate discussion among investigators.

Information on several papers discussed at a symposium sponsored by the University of the Bundeswehr on tunneling in Munich, Germany is presented. Engineers Mario Theurl and Gereon Behnen, respectively, presented the M6 tunnel chain in Hungary and the CLEM7 project in Brisbane, Queensland. Engineer Johann Herdina reported on relevant experience obtained from the Brenner approach route construction, while engineer Albert Scheller presented the design status of Munich's second urban rail line.

Kraepelin's system of mental diseases has contributed substantially to the foundation of modern psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-IV and ICD-10. Considering Kraepelin's influence in the creation of these diagnostic tools, the question arises as to how Kraepelin's contemporaries and successors reacted to his nosology. Historical libraries and archives in Munich, Berlin and Paris were searched for European and American psychiatric literature using the keywords 'Kraepelin', 'dichotomy' and 'manic-depressive disorder'. Literature from 1900 to 1960 was examined and compared to the current literature regarding Kraepelin's impact on modern classification systems. The sixth edition of Kraepelin's 'Lehrbuch' (1899) presented the dichotomy in its entirety and led to three different periods of critical comment on dichotomy and methodology between 1900 and 1960. But on the whole, Kraepelin's system was quickly and completely adopted in clinical diagnosis. The publications appearing on and following Kraepelin's centenary in 1956 represent his work as generally being the foundation of modern psychiatry. The neo-Kraepelinian movement, beginning in the late 1960s, developed more differentiated views of Kraepelin's scientific background and methodology. Notwithstanding all the criticism of Kraepelin's dichotomy, it remains more than ever the basis of psychiatric diagnosis. The criticism today shows parallels to the statements made during Kraepelin's era, mainly concerning the issue of diagnostic overlapping of the two disease entities, manic-depressive disorder and schizophrenia, and includes the question of syndromatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to replicate previous findings on the predictive value of a German version of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) by investigating 24-month treatment outcome in an outpatient setting. This was a prospective, observational study with 92 alcohol-dependent patients. The OCDS was used to assess craving at the end of treatment, and at the 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Of the 67 patients interviewed at the 24-month follow-up, 58% were abstinent and 79% improved. OCDS scores were higher in patients with a less favorable outcome. In line with previous findings, our results showed that the intensity of craving as measured by the OCDS may predict outcome in outpatient alcoholics. (Am J Addict 2010;19:264-269) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of identifying emerging patterns of spatial development and the driving forces behind the associated process, in this article we draw together two threads of interlinked phenomena. First, we look at how multi-location firms from the knowledge economy develop their intra-firm networks internationally. Second, we establish the partners with which these firms have working relationships along individual chains of value, and in which these extra-firm linkages are located. We start from a conceptual background that combines the location behaviour of firms with a value chain approach. We analyse the two main pillars of the knowledge economy – advanced producer services (APS) and high-tech firms. A case study carried out in the greater Munich area provides the empirical basis and draws on quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results provide evidence that the greater Munich area can be regarded simultaneously as a hierarchically organized polycentric mega-city region and high-grade localized system of value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight hundred and seventy-one dogs with thrombocytopenia were divided into the following five categories: immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (49; 5∙6 per cent), thrombocytopenia caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (52; 6∙0 per cent), thrombocytopenla caused by miscellaneous disorders (222; 25∙5 per cent), neoplasi-associated thrombocytopenia (244; 28 per cent) and inflammatory/infectious thrombocytopenia (304; 34∙9 per cent). The incidence of thrombocytopenia among the hospital population was 67 per cent. The dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenla and thrombocytopenia caused by DIC had significantly (P<0∙001) lower platelet counts (median 32∙0 x 10[sup9]/l and 55∙0 x 10[sup9]/I, respectively) than the dogs in the other three categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Andreas J. Kornath at the LMU in Munich (Germany). The cover picture shows the crystal structure of the salt of protonated ethylene carbonate [C3H5O3][Sb2F11]. Protonated ethylene carbonate was synthesized by reacting the neutral compound in the superacidic system HF/SbF5 at low temperature. Interestingly, the single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed a planar CO3 moiety with nearly equal CO bond lengths. Further theoretical investigations of the cation led to the result, that it contains a remarkably delocalized 6π‐electron system. On the cover this resonance stabilization is highlighted by p‐orbitals on the CO3 moiety. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/open.202100229. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was a reliable assessment of the prevalence of DSM‐IV mental disorders in a representative sample of homeless men in the city of Munich. Method: A preliminary survey yielded an estimate of 1022 single homeless men in Munich divided among three sectors (shelter users, service users and street dwellers). A random sample of 265 single homeless men was surveyed from these three sectors. An age‐matched comparison group of 178 men was selected randomly from a community register. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID‐IV) was used for diagnostic classification. Results: The lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders were as follows: 72.7% vs. 15.2% for alcohol dependence, 32.8% vs. 7.3% for mood disorders, 15.9% vs. 6.2% for anxiety disorders and 9.8% vs. 0.6% for psychotic disorders. Of the homeless males in Munich, 93.2% had at least one lifetime DSM‐IV axis I diagnosis, while this was the case for only 38.2% of the community controls. One‐month prevalence for all SCID DSM‐IV axis I disorders in homeless males was 73.4%. Conclusion: Lifetime DSM‐IV axis I mental disorders were 2.4 times more frequent among homeless individuals compared to community control. Implications for health care planning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article stands to be informative with regard to the theme, venue details, particulars of proceedings and presentations to be made of an international meeting which will demonstrate and discuss pathological and ecophysiological particularities of the Waldsterben syndrome scheduled to be held from April 28-30, 1986, at Hohenkammer Castle near Munich. The themes for discussion are symptomatology, pathology, ecology and physiology of affected trees.

Aims/Design. As part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, results from the baseline cross-sectional assessment of DSM-IV alcohol disorders are presented for a sample of 14-24-yearolds resident in Munich, Germany ( N = 3021; 71% response rate). Findings. Life-time prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse (men: 15.1%; women: 4.5%) was found to be considerably more prevalent than dependence (men: 10.0%; women: 2.5%) with few cases among respondents younger than 16 years of age; 12-month prevalence of abuse was 8.4% among men and 2.7% among women and of dependence was 7.3% among men and 2.2% among women. Results show that peak incidence of alcohol disorders occurs at 16-17 years of age and that early initiation into alcohol use is associated with an increasing odds of disorder onset, especially for dependence among women. Exploratory analysis of retrospectively assessed diagnostic stability show: a temporal progression to abuse and then dependence, that nearly half of past abuse diagnoses are in remission, abuse remission is more common than progression to dependence, and dependence is highly persistent, especially among women. Conclusions . Alcohol disorders are frequent in adolescents and young adults being characterized by transient abuse and less prevalent but persistent dependence syndromes. The relatively high prevalence of dependence diagnoses in this young population with few years of alcohol use is discussed with regard to the clinical validity of DSM-IV criteria in adolescents and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the international meeting of political scientists, organized by UNESCO in Munich, Germany, on December 1957, within the general context of a study of peaceful co-operation and international understanding, was to examine relations between technological progress and political systems. Obviously organizers, when setting this subject, which is of considerable interest in itself both from the angle of social and political science and from that of practical everyday life, had in mind the more general problem of whether or not technological advances, applied on an international scale, tended to produce a certain convergence of interests and views among differing civilizations or more precisely, among differing social and economic and political systems and also within a single social and economic system inside bounds of any one culture. The membership of this international conference was such as to enable this problem to be discussed in terms of the achievement and consolidation of international understanding and peaceful coexistence or co-operation in the present-day world.

This article focuses on the annual conference hosted by the European Association of Tourism and Leisure Education in Munich, Germany on September 9-11, 1999. The three days of the conference saw an interesting mix of presentations, including keynote speeches from Touristik Union International and Lufthansa representatives. On the academic side Professor Crompton, a leading figure in tourism services marketing research, set the tone of the conference with a keynote speech reviewing the evolution of services marketing concepts over the last two decades and their relative and mutual contribution with the leisure and tourism theories. The conference was organised in a series of three parallel workshops along various themes such as cultural issues, delivering, managing and measuring service quality, tools for service quality and service quality in education, however, the relevance of some of the talks to the general aim of the conference was not always respected. On the social side, the conference included a reception by the Bavarian Government in the formal royal city Palace and a conference dinner in a typical Germanic establishment. The majority of the delegates were from western Europe but delegates from various eastern European countries were also present.