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Relevance. The need to expand and deepen the understanding of the influence of solar radiation indicators on chemical characteristics of surface water, since the dependence of hydrochemical processes on periodic changes in solar activity has so far been studied extremely poorly. In addition, special attention is paid worldwide to the study of iron content in waters of rivers and lakes. Iron increased concentrations are one of the reasons for the "brownification" of surface waters in a significant part of the Northern Hemisphere. Aim. To establish a relationship between iron content and dynamics in the waters of the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe with indicators of solar activity (sunspots number, F-index). Methods. Water samples from the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe were collected into clean new polyethylene bottles in the estuaries of the rivers, from a depth of 0.5 m during the spring-summer high water and autumn low water, in 2016–2020. Content of total and dissolved Fe in the waters was determined by the ISP-MS method and by the AAS method. We used the data on solar activity indicators from the Belgian Observatory, which are freely available. Results. The total Fe content in the rivers of Lake Teletskoe basin for the period from 2016 to 2020 changes from 5 to 340 µg/l. Concentrations of dissolved iron (4 to 200 µg/l) do not exceed Russian standards, but they are often noticeably higher than the global average for river waters established abroad. The highest iron content, as well as the proportion of its soluble forms in the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe and in lake waters, was noted in 2016. It is probably due to the highest rates of solar activity. They cause certain changes in the environment – such as an increase in air temperature and water evaporation, and decrease in river flow, which accompanied by growth in concentrations of chemical elements in surface waters. Since 2016, there has been a steady decrease in dissolved iron concentration in surface natural waters of Lake Teletskoe basin, which may be a consequence of a decrease in solar radiation intensity in recent years.

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to expand and deepen knowledge about the formation and functioning of large freshwater objects, the chemical composition of which is closely related to the peculiarities of biogeochemical processes and soil cover of the catchment, with type of the anthropogenic environmental impact of catchment basins. However, the mechanisms of these interactions in the mountainous territories have not been fully studied yet. The main aim of the research is to establish the relationship between the content of the major components in the tributaries waters of Lake Teletskoe and the features of their chemical denudation with the biogeochemical situation on the catchments. Methods. Water samples from the tributaries of Lake Teletskoe were collected in clean polyethylene dishes in the estuary of the rivers, during the spring-summer high water and autumn low water. Determination of the ionic composition of surface waters (HCO3–, Cl–, SO42–, Ca2+, Mg2+ Na+ and K+) was carried out according to standard methods, with titrimetric or spectrophotometric completion. Na+ and K+ in 2018 and 2019 were determined by atomic emission spectrometry on the IRIS Advantage Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp. instrument. (1999). Fe content in waters and water extracts from soils was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomization on the SOLAAR M-6 device. Results. It is established that the waters of the Lake Teletskoe tributaries are characterized by a low total mineralization (TDS), from 18 to 159 mg/L. It is shown that the seasonal dynamics of the major ions is determined by the biogeochemical processes in the catchment. It is revealed that the waters of the eastern and western tributaries, draining different geological and landscape structures, as well as the degree of recreational load of the coast, differ both in content and in the ratio of the major ions. Thus, Cl– and SO42–, K+ and Na+ make a greater contribution to the ionic composition of the waters of the eastern tributaries originating on the Korbu granite ridge, whereas in the waters of the western tributaries, draining sedimentary deposits for the most part, bicarbonates and calcium dominate. The influence of biogeochemical conditions of catchment on the content and ratio of iron in water and water extraction of soils is shown. It is revealed that most of the tributaries carry bicarbonate-magnesium-calcium type waters. The indicators of ion runoff of three tributaries of the lake of different sizes are calculated, chemical denudation in their catchment basins is estimated. In one year, 364 thousand tons of soluble salts enter the lake with the waters of the largest tributary – the Chulyshman River. 21 tons of salts are removed from 1 km2 of the Chulyshman River catchment (this is less than from the catchments of smaller tributaries), of which 12,8 tons are hydrocarbonates, 1,4 tons are chlorides, 1,6 tons are sulfates, 4,5 tons are calcium, 0,4 tons are magnesium.

Widespread thawing of permafrost in the northern Eurasian continent causes severe problems for infrastructure and global climate. We test the potential of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to enhance detection of permafrost surface changes in the Siberian lowlands of the northern Eurasian continent at the Yamal peninsula site. We used InSAR time-series technique to detect seasonal surface movements related to permafrost active layer changes. The satellite InSAR time-series analysis has detected continuous movements, subsidence in three zones, which have occurred during the time period from 2017 to 2018. Observed subsidence zones show up to 180 mm yr−1 rates of seasonal active layers changes. These seasonal ground displacement patterns align well with lithology and linked to anthropogenic impact on the permafrost surface changes in the area. The results show that Sentinel-1 mission is of great importance for the longer-term monitoring of active layer thickening in permafrost regions. The combined analyses of the obtained InSAR time series with additional field observations may support regular process monitoring as part of a global warming risk assessment.

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the current ecological state of the important recreational object, i.e. Lake Manzherokskoye (Maiminsky region of the Altai Republic, the Russian Federation). The investigation was conducted in August 2018, just 2 weeks after the dredging works implemented in the framework of the environmental rehabilitation project. The studied morphometric, hydro/physical and hydro/chemical parameters of the reservoir are evidence of an increase in lake depth (with its maximum more than 2 m, up to 5.66 m) and water volume (more than 2 times, up to 1,16 million m3 ) that in the future will lead to the improved oxygen regime and the decreased inflow of biogenic matter. Bottom sediments are still represented by soils with a high content of organic carbon (up to 56,2±2.9 mg/dm3 ) and organic matter (up to 112.3±10,2 mg/dm3 ); detritus and organic silt (sapropel) dominate in the sediments. In all studied sites and depths of Lake Manzherokskoye, the water was polluted by roiled organic silts. The concentration of suspended solids reached 4.6 g/dm3 , whereas transparency (by Secchi disk) dropped up to 0,5 cm. Vertical distribution of suspended substances points to the process of their deposition. Water quality of the lake is estimated as unsatisfactory because of the performed dredging works. Major pollutants of the lake water are phosphates (up to 0,417±0,042 mg/dm3 ), petroleum products (up to 0,4±0,1 mg/dm3 ) and organic substances (up to 342,2±35,8 mg O/dm3 by unfiltered water COD); their concentrations exceed MAC significantly. Water quality does not meet the requirements imposed upon the water bodies used for recreational purposes.

The relevance of the research is in the poorly studied chemical composition of soils and surface waters of the Ukok plateau – the UNESCO world heritage site. The aim of the research is to study chemical elements content level in soils and surface waters of the central, southern and south-eastern parts of the Ukok plateau, to give an ecological and biogeochemical assessment of this little-studied area. Objects: main soil types (Mollic Leptosols Eutric, Umbric Leptosols Dystric, Lithic Leptosols Brunic) and surface water (rivers Zhumaly, Kalguty, Argamzhi, Ak-Alakh, Tarkhat and lake Ukok) of the plateau Ukok (Altai Republic, Russian Federation). Methods. Metal content in soils was determined by the approximate-quantitative emission spectral analysis at the Institute of Geochemistry and Mineralogy of SB RAS, while the content of trace elements in natural waters was defined by means of the atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomization at the Chemical Analytical Center of IWEP SB RAS. Results. The paper presents the results of studying chemical composition of different types of soils and surface waters of the high-mountain plateau Ukok. The concentrations of chemical elements in soils of the plateau do not exceed their Clarks in the soil cover and correspond to those in the mountain-tundra soils of Altai, except for the soils and parent rocks above the Kalguty W-Mo-V-Cu deposit distinguished by the abnormally high content of tungsten (up to 30–60 mg/kg). The increased content of Cu in the waters of the river Kalguty (16 µg/dm3) and the soils of the basin is related to the halos and the influence of pilings and tailings of the concentration plant. The plateau soils are characterized by low gross content of P and Ca needed for plants, but enriched with potassium, the content of which exceeds 2 % in more than half of the samples. In soils of the Ukok plateau, P content increases from west to east, from true surface (central) part to the edging mountains that is due to phosphor presence in indigenous rocks of the Altai-Sayan mountain country. At present, low eluvial-accumulative ratios of metals in the studied soils of the plateau are evidence of the lack of pronounced anthropogenic pollution. The content of most elements in soils increases with depth. In mountain-tundra peat soils, the biogenic accumulation of Mn was found under dwarf birches. For steppe soils, some accumulation of Zn, Cr, V and Ni was observed in surface horizons. Pb and Zn had the most uniform distribution. The initial heterogeneity of moraine and lake-glacial deposits determines the diversity of intra-profile distribution of metals in the formed soils. Clear dependence of most macro-and microelements content in surface waters on their concentrations in soils was not established. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the intensity of water migration of iron in wetlands of the Bertek part of the Ak-Alakh river basin, where its content was the highest.

The paper presents the result of analyses of the Azov Sea fishery resources state for the last 15 years of the last century up to the present time. The information on quantitative and qualitative composition of commercial catches is obtained from the data of fishery statistics. Changes in temperature and salinity and their anomalies relative to mean annual values are highlighted. The first four commercial species with maximum catches have been identified: anchovy, kilka, gobies and Redlip mullet. The dynamics of their ratio, at different periods of the current century, may indicate the influence of external conditions (temperature, salinity, etc.). The forecast on increase of catches of the listed species and recommendation on development of the Azov sea fishery development programme, including all directions of fishery, introduction of the newest achievements of science and technology in development of aquaculture and other branches connected with rational use of aquatic biological resources of the sea are given.

We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arctic at the Yamal peninsula. Surface dynamics analysis based on SRTM and TanDEM-X DEMs shows up to 2 m net loss of surface relief between 2000 and 2014 indicating a highly dynamic landscape. Surface features for the past 14 years reflect an increase in small stream channels and a number of new lakes that developed, likely caused by permafrost thaw. We used Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to measure permafrost surface changes. Owing to limited observation data we analyzed only 2 years. The InSAR time-series has detected surface displacements in three distinct spatial locations during 2017 and 2018. At these three locations, 60–120 mm/yr rates of seasonal surface permafrost changes are observed. Spatial location of seasonal ground displacements aligns well with lithology. One of them is located on marine sediments and is linked to anthropogenic impact on permafrost stability. Two other areas are located within alluvial sediments and are at the top of topographic elevated zones. We discuss the influence of the geologic environment and the potential effect of local upwelling of gas. These combined analyses of InSAR time-series with analysis of geomorphic features from DEMs present an important tool for continuous process monitoring of surface dynamics as part of a global warming risk assessment.

The article confirms the validity of distinguishing of five levels of language essence, i.e. thinking-language-psychophysiology-speech-communication in psycholinguistic research. It also contains the universal scheme of scientific research of an integral-systematic character as one of the variants of ascending from abstract to concrete. Definitions of the terms thinking, thought, language, psychophysiology, speech, communication are offered. Such terms as psycholinguistics, linguopsychology, understanding, mentality, consciousness are discussed. Language consciousness is interpreted as a subject’s knowledge about the world, which is expressed in language and speech and combined with his knowledge of his own being in the world. In ontological aspect thinking-language-psychophysiology-speech-communication correlate to being-essence-necessity-phenomenon-actuality of a subject. i.e.language in its true sense. In logical aspect they correlate to universal-general-concrete-abstract-particular-singular. The article demonstrates the psychological reality of the model thinking-language-psychophysiology-speech-communication, offered by the first of the authors.

The method of frequency stabilization of diode laser on the wavelength of 5P3/2→5D5/2 of rubidium (776 nm) has been realized. The two-photon absorption spectroscopy of the rubidium vapors is underlie of the suggested scheme. The basic parameters such as the intensity of laser radiation and concentration of the vapors have been investigated. The frequency stability of radiation was about 1 MHz

The results of investigation of photon transport through the subwavelength hole in the opaque screen by using single neutral atom are represented. The basis of the proposed and implemented method is the absorption of a photon by a neutral atom immediately before the subwavelength aperture, traveling of the atoms through the hole and emission of a photon on the other side of the screen. Realized method is the alternative approach to existing for photon transport through a subwavelength aperture: 1) self-sustained transmittance of a photon through the aperture according to the Bethe’s model; 2) extra ordinary transmission because of surface-plasmon excitation.

We show the results of optical nonlinear interaction of laser light with plasmonic nanostructures. Creation of a nanolocalized source of UV radiation (λ = 260 nm) of the record high intensity was demonstated. Possibility of use of the source for biomedical applications was shown.

We have proposed and investigated for the first time an efficient way of photon transport through a subwavelength hole by a moving atom. The transfer mechanism is based on the reduction of the wave packet of a single photon due to its absorption by an atom and, correspondingly, its localization in a volume is smaller than both the radiation wavelength and the nanohole size. The scheme realizes the transformation of a single-photon single-mode wave packet of the laser light into a single-photon multimode wave packet in free space.