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Studies of colonial-era Taiwan's literary and cultural production have been growing steadily in number since the 1990s but are mostly dedicated to constructing a coherent resistance-centred postcolonial historiography. Such a reading has some validity but is limited and tendentious because it reduces the dynamic interactions between Japanese and Taiwanese to an artificial binary. This article takes the concept "folklore" and related terms such as "locality" as its main point of inquiry, offering a revisionist reading of the diverse nationalist articulations of "folklore" and locality in three case studies: the diverse voices in Minzoku Taiwan, the differences between Shimada Kinji and Huang Deshi's historiographies of Taiwanese literature, and Lü Heruo's works on Taiwan's cultural practices in the heyday of Japan's imperialisation campaign. Through textual analysis, this article argues that the colonisers' identity was in constant need of re-forging, whereas the colonial policies and what the colonised writers hoped to achieve were not always incompatible. The colonisers' call for revitalising local cultures, in all the cases in point, provided a discursive space and highly contested ground for the colonisers and colonised to redraw the imperial boundaries and negotiate their own identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study argues the state power and social efforts shaped and reshaped the contour of the 'imagined community' of post-war Taiwan from mainland China to the island with a focus on how the history of Japanese rule has been represented. By conducting a content analysis of officially published junior high school history textbooks (1949–2015) and interviewing history teachers, this study discusses how they present national past. The transformative presentation of the 'Japanese era in Taiwan' suggested the self-reinventing of the statehood of the Republic of China; the bottom-up forces even went beyond the demands of the state and facilitated nation-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the history of radio and, how the consumption of radio might have transformed urban rhythms in colonial Taiwan. Being assisted by well-developed cultural industries, including magazines, newspapers, films and popular music, the influences of modernity had penetrated everyday life in Japan by the mid-1920s. The enthusiasm towards modernity reached the Japanese colonies in the 1930s. Until the outbreak of the Second Sino–Japanese War in 1937, Taiwanese society underwent a decade-long proliferation period of consumption, influenced by the convergence of urbanism, colonialism and modernism. The ‘modern’ experiences in 1930s Taiwan were largely influenced by media technologies. By conducting an examination through the story ‘Inviolable Destiny’ and other historical materials, this article shows how the consumption of radio signified multiple distinctions among ethnicities, classes, genders, generations and spaces in colonial Taiwan. The combination of radio and print media constituted an intertwined network that shaped the tempos of urban life. A constructed standard national time converged with rational institutions and generated a massive scale of coordination between Taiwan and the rest of the world. Radio did not only broadcast the content, which transferred public affairs into the private space, but also formulated a hidden rhythm of structured punctuality in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines localisation endeavours in contemporary Taiwan to explore the history of the Taiwanese localisation movement as a way of reimagining meanings of Taiwaneseness constructed under different historical circumstances. It focuses on the xiāngtǔ (nativist) literature movement in colonial Taiwan in the early 1930s that was initiated by Taiwanese intellectuals to create real Taiwanese literature on Taiwan and for the Taiwanese masses. Besides being a social education initiative to improve Taiwanese mass literacy, the xiāngtǔ literature movement was a localisation effort to reform Taiwanese language and preserve Taiwanese culture under Japanese occupation. The reform discourse made a turn towards specifically Taiwanese linguistic and cultural traditions, instead of pursuing modern Japanese and Chinese language and culture, which were the then available cultural impulses in colonial Taiwan. Local Taiwanese language and folk culture were essential curricular materials in the social education agenda that created particular meanings of Taiwaneseness for colonial Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1895, following the defeat of Qing forces in the Sino–Japanese War, Taiwan was ceded to Japan, ending more than 200 years of Qing imperial governance of the island. As Taiwan became Japan’s first colony, its economy not only moved out of the orbit of the Qing Empire into that of Imperial Japan, but its customs system underwent significant change. Since the 1860s, a Western-style customs had been used on the island, but now it switched to the model (itself Westernized) adopted by Japan as part of the Meiji Restoration. In December 1943, in response to the unification of the marine transit system under wartime conditions, the Taiwan Governor-General abolished the customs and replaced it with the new Harbour Bureau. Two years later, in the wake of Japan’s defeat in the Second World War, Taiwan returned to Chinese rule. In December 1945, the late Qing customs institution was reinstated in Taiwan, while the Harbour Bureau, which had operated for less than two years during wartime, was also retained. These two systems were merged into a new mechanism to control Taiwan’s window onto the world; it has remained in use until today. In contrast to the liberalization that marked the administration of the Taiwan coast in the late Qing, the customs during the Japanese occupation was a device used to control the people, goods and ships that flowed into and out of Taiwan. The development of Taiwan’s customs system illustrates the ways in which continuity and breakdown characterize administrative mechanisms in line with the rise and fall of regimes. This article explores the formation of the Japanese customs system from the end of the shogunate to the Meiji Restoration, how it was transplanted to Taiwan, and the nature and significance of that shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This historical study reflects on history curriculum debates over the last 20 years in Taiwan. To open up possibilities for contemporary Taiwanese to rethink themselves in terms of national culture and subjectivity, this paper explores the construction of Taiwanese subjectivity in the past. It focuses on the history of Taiwan under Japanese occupation as a key issue in history curriculum debates. Particularly, it examines language issues in the 1920s, an important theme in the histories of the formation of Taiwanese consciousness, ideology, and cultural nationalism during the Japanese colonial period. Rather than addressing issues of identity (national or cultural), identifying who Taiwanese really were, or looking for Chinese or Taiwanese consciousness, this study explores how meanings of “Taiwanese” in the 1920s under Japanese occupation were constructed in the discourse of language reform for civilisation. The analysis of the New Culture Movement discourse suggests that the classical Chinese language ofHànwénas a valuable cultural resource and flexible linguistic instrument played an essential role in constituting Taiwanese subjectivities that shaped Taiwanese practices of the self for distinctive civilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article explores youth in the countryside of Colonial Taiwan, which was ruled under Japan from 1895 to 1945. Particular focus is given to how this relates to the history of fascist, totalitarian and communist regimes. Additional topics discussed include the recruitment of Taiwanese soldiers for Japan during World War II, colonial village youth associations in the Japanese countryside and the training of young women, which began in July 1939 and involved learning the feminine attributes of Japanese culture, including cooking, sewing, music, archery and dancing.

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This article charts the impact of Chinese and Taiwanese identities on popular songs in Taiwan in three major historical periods: the Japanese colonization between 1895 and 1945; the Kuomintang (KMT) rule between 1945 and 1987; and the cultivation of Taiwanese identity since the 1980s. By exploring the historical processes of nation-building on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, this article demonstrates how socio-political transformations have produced, reproduced and mediated both Chinese nationalism and Taiwanese identity, and the role of popular songs in that process. It shows how, since 1895, the themes of popular songs have developed through processes of ‘de-Japanizing’ to ‘de-Sinolizing’ to ‘Taiwanizing’. The political and cultural forces which have affected both Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese identities are evident in the changing market for Taiwan’s popular songs. At a period when questions of political and cultural identity are still hotly debated in Taiwan, popular songs now seek to integrate its multiple identities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Humanitas Taiwanica is the property of National Taiwan University, Humanitas Taiwanica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines whether writing histories of colonial subjects is possible. Traditional colonial histories subsume the colonial subject's individual history under a larger narrative of subjugation, which often does not allow room for people to exist outside the dichotomized role of collaborator/resister. This approach has left a gap in the scholarship for histories of colonial subjects whose lives do not easily fit either category. This article addresses this gap by detailing the life of Yayutz Bleyh, an Atayal woman who became one of the most important participants in the Japanese colonial administration of Aboriginal Affairs in Taiwan. For over six years, the author gathered fragmented pieces of information regarding Yayutz from a multitude of sources – visuals, as well as oral and written materials from inside and outside the colonial archive – in order to sketch the contours of an extraordinary woman and her life. Through the process of filtering these disparate sources, it was the silences regarding certain issues and the discrepancies that emerged among sources that proved to be the most revealing about Yayutz as someone who straddled both the world of the colonizer and the colonized. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This essay investigates the conditions of portrait photography in Taiwan during Japanese colonization. After a brief introduction to the theoretical issues concerning the indexical nature of the photograph, I consider the Japanese colonial photographic industry and its products (portraits) in three contexts: the state of photographic technology in the world at that time, the ideological machinery of colonization in Taiwan, and the wider phenomenon of colonial mimicry. In this consideration, I offer a diachronic analysis of photo albums and commercial directories that contain formal portraits of politically and economically influential (almost exclusively) men. Bringing these considerations together suggests an aspect of the colonial ideological machinery that has been underrepresented in other studies: the colonial portrait as a mask in several forms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study utilizes the Taiwan colonial household registration data to study the cause of uxorilocal marriage in Taiwan during the period of Japanese colonial rule and, simultaneously, to compare the prevalence of uxorilocal marriage in urban (Taipei) and rural (XinChu) communities. The socioeconomic status of the bride and groom’s family, and ethnic and urban–rural differences are the main issues in this research. In addition, the viewpoints of Wolf and Huang and Pasternak will be rechecked vis-à-vis regional differences. The results of this study will be presented by statistic analysis and geographic information system. In Taiwan, compared to major and minor marriage, uxorilocal marriage had a higher ratio in Taipei and XinChu. In uxorilocal marriage, the age of brides and grooms is older in Taipei than in XinChu. In addition, our research indicates either daughters or adopted daughters, if they had fewer siblings or no brothers, had a higher probability of entering into uxorilocal marriages. Moreover, uxorilocal marriages were found to be less prevalent in later birth cohorts while ethnic groups and parent’s marriage types had no direct effect on uxorilocal marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the Taiwanese writer Lü Ho-jo's (1914-1951) 1942 short story, "Neighbors" (Rinkyo), as a powerful critique of Japan's colonial tropes of familial intimacy and neighborly kinship. Beginning in the 1910s imperial Japan deployed the trope of the family in order to contain the otherness of the colonized within the multi-ethnic Japanese empire. As the new colonial ideology of imperialization was implemented in place of that of assimilation in the late 1930s, several literary works appeared that dealt with amiable relationships between the colonizer and the colonized. The publication of Lü's "Neighbors" in 1942 is particularly important in this context. After critically evaluating the extant literature on the piece, the paper analyzes the previously overlooked effect of the narrative emphasis on the contagious power of maternal love, and demonstrates how "Neighbors" exposes the deceit inherent in a colonial ideology that operates behind the alibi of spontaneous affection and familial affinity to avoid scrutiny. The paper also highlights the interrelated questions of the family and identity as it examines the import of the first-person narrator, "I," as a character devoid of any concrete familial ties or evident identity, and shows the powerful effect of his ambivalence as it culminates in the final and most disenchanting scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu Na'ou (1905-1940) was born in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation period. Pursuing his high school education in Japan, he proceeded to learn French at Aurora University in Shanghai after graduation. These experiences added to his colonial background and "multi-modem" perspective, which embraced the linguistic and cultural features of Europe, Japan, Taiwan, and China. Through extensive exposure to a broad range of modernist works as well as his translation of modernist novels by Japanese authors and Paul Morand (1888-1976), Liu Na'ou adopted the two approaches of gaze. This, in turn, inspired him to emerge as a hybrid-cultural middleman. Based on this foundation, he continued to write novels that reflected various degrees of colonialism, showing a different gendered gaze than that found in the West and Japan. This paper examines the development of Liu Na'ou's translations, particularly with regard to the manifestation of gendered gaze and colonial gaze. In addition, the paper discusses the significance and impact of Liu Na'ou as a hybrid-cultural translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early twentieth century, the Japanese colonial government initiated an island-wide malaria eradication campaign in Taiwan, resulting in not only a rapid decline in malaria across time but also elimination of disparity across regions. Exploiting variations in malaria deaths caused by the campaign, we estimate causal effects of malaria exposure around birth on the health of elderly born in the colonial period. To mitigate potential biases caused by measurement errors and omitted confounders, we employ climatic factors to instrument for malaria deaths. Our findings suggest that people who were exposed to a high malaria risk around birth tend to have a higher likelihood of cardiovascular diseases and worse cognitive functions at old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'group relocation' policy imposed during the Japanese colonial period in Taiwan is arguably one of the most notorious policies to be imposed upon indigenes. As a result of this project, almost half of Taiwanese indigenes were resettled from the high mountain areas to the lowlands. Relocated populations needed to adjust themselves to new circumstances, and relocation became a traumatic memory for many. What is interesting is that relocating villages is not, historically, an uncommon occurrence for most Taiwanese indigenous groups. This suggests that 'relocating villages', in and of itself, might not be overly problematic for indigenous populations. Why then did the Japanese relocation policy come to be regarded as such a traumatic event? In this paper, I will present a sketch of how the Japanese relocation policy became regarded as such a traumatic event for many indigenous groups, and explore the reason the Thao people, living by Sun Moon Lake of central Taiwan, had a very different experience of relocation. Moreover, I also describe the relationship between the mapping project of Traditional Territories of Indigenous Peoples that began in 2002 and the collection of oral histories of indigenous relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship between opium and science in Japanese-occupied Taiwan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Particular focus is given to the researching and development of opium pastes by colonial officers. Details on investigations into the taste of various opium pastes by the Japanese Opium Production Office and on the Office's attempts to manufacture its own opium pastes are presented. Power and imperialism are discussed.

This article examines how Japanese policymakers and intellectuals approached national classification in colonial Taiwan by looking into the policy and discourse of intermarriage between Japanese and Han Taiwanese. Despite its rarity in practice, intermarriage as an idea frequently appeared in political debates on the integration of Taiwan into the Japanese empire. Narratives on intermarriage shed light on how ethno-national consciousness was formed and how citizenship was distributed in the empire, revealing tensions between imperial expansion and nation building. In the process of colonial control, racial nationalism emerged to play a role in opposition to intermarriage, which was officially encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Treaty of Shimonoseki ceded Taiwan from China to Japan at the end of the Sino- Japanese war in 1895 and the country was then colonized by Japan until 1945. After the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) won the Chinese civil war in 1949, the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang, KMT) retreated to Taiwan, leading to a new period of separation between China and Taiwan. Over the next 60 years, Chinese and Taiwanese people experienced different political regimes and propaganda and, accordingly, developed different political perspectives on history. The ceding of Taiwan to Japan in 1895, an important historical event in China's modern history, is explained, described, and understood differently in different sources, including the content of television dramas in China and Taiwan. This study applies ideological criticism to examine two television serials, Taiwan 1895 from China and The War of Betrayal 1895 from Taiwan, both of which describe the same historical events of 1895. The aims of the paper are to discover what kinds of ideological messages are delivered and how images of the "Self versus the "Other" are constructed in the chosen artefacts under the ideologies of China-centred and Taiwan-centred paradigms. By analyzing the role of television in diffusing ideologies, this study supports an examination of the impact of ideology and the power of discourses on popular culture, to increase the understanding, and even to seek common ground across the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is considered an exercise in new cultural history, one in which the representational nature of written history is offered through the prism of several literary genres and narratives that carry ideological implications. The article argues that cultures develop a collective imagination, explicable as narrative forms. This will be illustrated by zooming in on three specific culturally defined visual representations: manga drawing, picture book and textbook illustrations. The first example introduces a manga used for educational and didactic purposes that singles out the representation of one aspect of intellectual history from the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). The second example draws on contemporary situations and depicts a socio-political satire through the icon of textbook visuals. The third visual is taken as a representative example of Taiwan local manga that taps into the craftily cultivated tradition of socio-political satire. As suggested by Roland Barthes' rhetoric of image, each case study pays special attention to the orthography in the linguistic and symbolic messages that accompany the comic art. Itamar Even-Zohar's interpretation of culture planning allows us to link these three case studies under a common denominator: a strong generational undercurrent in their production, which is embedded in the material structure of the publishing world and in the socio-political institutions of the authors. Against the background of this generational demarcation perception in popular culture, this article seeks to evaluate some of the observations that have brought about the inclusion of Taiwan manga in scholarly research activities associated with East Asian comic art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to explore the connection between household composition and infant mortality in the first half of the twentieth century in Taiwan. The research results claim that illegitimate infants have higher death risk than legitimate infants; that contrary to expectation female infants have mortality rates as high as boys; and that same sex sibling order effects are approximately same among boys and girls. The significance for infant mortality of the sex of household head is the other major finding of this article: female-headed families have higher rates of infant mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Historical memory fiction has flourished ever since the lifting of martial law in Taiwan. Some of these fictions excavate multi-ethnic, transnational experiences in relation to colonialisms, exploring ethnic experiences beyond stereotypes and debunking monolithic national imagination, thereby opening up possibilities for an alternative historical imagination. This article deals with the alternative historical imagination in Shih Shu-ching's Dust before the Wind, with a special focus on its representation of issues that had rarely been dealt with before in Taiwanese literature, such as the “enterprise of governing the savages,” the Taroko Battle, the ethnic relationships in Hualien under Japanese rule, Japanese immigrant villages, and postwar Japanese legacy. I argue that the novel presents an intricate re-vision of Japanese colonialism and Taiwan's postcoloniality by contrapuntally portraying three ethnic groups in eastern Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule and depicting post-war Japanese legacy, as well as by re-exploring the identity problems triggered by assimilation, imperialization, decolonization, and indigenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles the question of the rise and the use of the tánghào , a mythological placename, on Taiwan's tombstones. This type of placename started to be used during the Japanese colonisation of Taiwan (1895-1945) and replaced placenames, that referred to regions where migration to Taiwan had started generations ago. The questions raised by the tánghào concern its function and meaning in a constantly renegotiated and redefined society. Why was a mythological placename adopted and how could this placename survive changes in regimes and burial practices? The framework we adopt for our analysis is that of Digital Anthropology (DA), using an archive of approximately 35.000 digitised tombstones plus digitised segments of statal discourse. The first puzzle parts of this investigation hint to an extremely diversified, non-orchestrated onset of the new practice. Later, the tánghào was instrumented for nationalist ROC ideologies and fully implemented into burial practices by new professionals, who sell the tánghào as the 'right way to do'. The involvement of the ROC state in this propagation of the tánghào can be traced back through character variants that spilled over from official documents onto tombstone inscriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Taiwanese film "1895," and its use of the Hakka language and focus on Hakka ethnicity. Topics include background on the film, and its adaptation from Hakka writer Li Kheu's script, the film's representation of a multi-ethnic Taiwan, and of the Hakka and other Taiwanese populations, as they existed in 1895, at the start of the Japanese colonization of Taiwan; and the film's re-examination of Taiwanese identity through the re-establishment of Hakka voices within the historical narrative.

The article discusses poetry in Taiwan during the Taiwan's early colonial period, from 1895 to 1915, with a focus on the Japanese influence and the use of images of nature and labor. Topics include the use of traditional poetry forms such as tanka to cater to Japanese newspaper readers and to obscure the interests of the Taiwanese Chinese and Taiwanese aboriginal populations, the place of traditional Japanese poetry and poetic forms in relation to the modern period and the colonial context, and a discussion of Japanese nature poetry as an element of the colonial economy.

The article discusses the development of a Japanese identity during the time of the Japanese Empire and the relationship of this identity to an understanding of a wider Oriental consciousness. The author gives particular emphasis to the relations between Japan and Taiwan during this time, focusing on the ways such "Japaneseness" influenced Taiwanese crafts during its period of Japanese occupation. The impact of the arts and crafts movement on Japanese crafts is detailed. Various types of crafts are described, including studio, industrial, and folk. The exporting of crafts from Japan to the U.S. is examined.

The author focuses on how China viewed Taiwan and the people of Taiwan between 1931, the year Japan invaded Manchuria, and 1941, the year the U.S. entered World War II. Some of the subjects considered include nationalism, Chinese identity, Chinese political thought, and the ideology of nation-building and cultural identity. An overview of the historiography of competing Chinese and Taiwanese national identity exemplified in the writings of historians Emma Jinhua Teng, Alan M. Wachman, and Steven E. Phillips, is presented.

Picture postcards were an important element of Japanese imperial propaganda, though they have yet to receive the scholarly attention they deserve. This paper argues that the Taiwan Government-General played an active role in the production and dissemination of picture postcards to propagate a particular view of life in the 'Aborigine Territory'. To promote ethnic tourism in the wake of the bloody 1930 Wushe Uprising, and to construct Taiwan's majority Han population as 'inauthentic' as part of a wider ideological offensive against China, Japanese colonial postcards portrayed Taiwan Indigenous Peoples as isolated, culturally intact, and indebted to a benevolent state. The most widely circulated picture-postcard images of Taiwan Indigenous Peoples were produced by a coterie that included photographer Segawa Kōkichi, publisher Katsuyama Yoshisaku, watercolorist Lan Yinding and Aborigine Affairs Chief Suzuki Hideo. The documentary traces they left behind reveal a series of cross-cutting social and professional ties that bound them together as an 'interpretive community'. Their location in centers of colonial culture, commerce, and government, along with the internal consistency of their vision, well positioned them to not only peddle postcards, but to sell an empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author examines the representation of violence in Dancing Crane's "Remains of Life." The article notes that the novel focuses on the trauma of the Musha Incident and the declining Atayal aborigines of Taiwan. The author explains his analysis of the novel and provides an explanation for the use of the historical account of the decapitations and the ethnic conflicts by the author of the novel. The article also notes that the author's unruly language is a reflection of the marginality of the aborigines. It is noted that the decapitation of the aborigines is a symbolic castration.

Taiwan was a colony of Japan from 1895 to 1945. The Japanese colonial government implemented policies to make Taiwan a part of Japan's Imperial government. The result was a generation of Taiwanese who spoke and wrote in Japanese. Where the literary production of these writers gets placed in histories of"Taiwanese" literature is the source of much scholarly debate. Most attention focuses on the literary output of male Taiwanese writers. The voices of women writers living in colonial Taiwan exist, but have yet to be translated, much less discussed in any significant length. This paper will look at two Taiwanese women who wrote in the 1940s under Japan's rule of the country. They are Yang Qianhe (1921 -) and Huang Fengzi (1928-). Yang Qianhe was Taiwan's first female journalist. I will discuss her only work of fiction "Hana saku kisetsu" (The Season When Flowers Bloom, 1942) and her memoir Jinsei nopurizumu (The Prism of Life, 1993). Huang Fengzi is noteable because she had two essays and a memoir published when she was only a high school student. Her memoir Taiwan no shôjo (A Young Girl of Taiwan, 1944), discussed in this paper, is one of the few extant sources that sheds light on what it was like to be a young Taiwanese girl living in Taiwan during the war years. I will show how these women reveal varying degrees of comfort with being part of the colonial empire as upper class Taiwanese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay discusses what I define as the psyche politics employed in the discourse of identity and of subjectivity in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period (1895--1945), and how the use of such politics of psyche recurred in postcolonial Taiwan, especially in the discourse of the nativized Taiwanese subject of the recent decades under the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government (1990s to 2008). I use psyche politics to refer to the discursive operations of molding, shaping, fashioning, policing, and governing of the interior essence of life. Through analyzing the discursive event triggered by Yoshinori Kobayashi's graphic history On Taiwan, (Shin G manism Sengen Supesharu --Taiwan Ron) which appeared in 2001, and the discourse of self-effacement and self-abjection present in many literary texts, cultural policies, and public opinions during the Japanese colonial period, I point out that the discursive self-abjection, or the will to cleanse the uncleanliness of one's heart, maneuvered and coerced through cultural regime, is indispensable for the formation of a non-I subject. More significantly, the discourse of the gong, the reverse side of the self-abjection, sets the frame of the spiritual totality to be shared by the individuals as parts of the whole. The two symbiotic states, self-abjection and the participation within the gong, constructed a particular mode of discourse of the psyche in East Asia during the Pacific War and paved the way for the frame of consciousness of the modern nation-state as well as the ground for subjectivation. Through such a discursive mode of psyche politics, a certain sense of community is engineered. We observe that the function of abjection operates in double directions: the internal effacement and the external exclusion. The locus of the gong, defined variously according to different contexts, which is often erected in the name of love in order to uphold the sense of community, paradoxically also serves the cause for cruelty and abjection against difference, both outside and inside the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Japan's colonial policies in Taiwan, focusing particularly on penal reforms which included the building of a modern prison in Taipei (Taihoku) and the reintroduction of flogging as a method of punishment. The author argues that after the Meiji Revolution, Japan faced political and intellectual challenges regarding Western civilization, civilizing missions to colonies, and the adaptation of colonialism to better fit with their ideas of becoming the Asian colonial power. Other subjects considered include Japan's attitudes regarding China, colonial historiography, and postcolonial studies.

Examines Taiwan in the Japanese period, focusing on an uprising in 1915 known as the Ta-pa-ni Incident and how the encroachments of the colonial state met with resistance. Relationship of the colonial state and the local society; Condition of the local society at the time of the Ta-pa-ni Incident; Impact of the Japanese colonial government; Effect of the Ta-pa-ni Incident on Local Society.

Explores the changes in camphor production with the coming of Japanese colonialism and the changes that celluloid brought to the world demand of camphor from 1886 to 1909 in Taiwan. Details of the commodity and tribe at the center of the late imperial frontier economy; Information on the customary forest rights and the system of mountain fees; Introduction of capitalist property relations to the forests.

Deals with interethnic marriage and cultural brokers in Taiwan under Japanese rule from 1895 to 1945. Details of the variety of ways in which Aboriginal women married to Japanese men played crucial intermediary roles; Exploration of the role of family systems and racialized ideologies in these formations; Information on marriage, concubinage and brokerage in the North.

Under imperial Japanese rule, Taiwan experienced a relatively high rate of economic growth, and this growth is often attributed to well‐planned development policies. This paper argues that Taiwan's success was primarily due to the glut of money that flowed into the Japanese Empire during World War One. Taiwanese had suffered from limited access to credit, but, during the war, the Japanese‐controlled Bank of Taiwan had to find an outlet for the huge inflow of funds and greatly expanded lending to native Taiwanese. This unscripted experiment was a success, and continued access to formal capital markets allowed Taiwanese agriculture to takeoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]