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Promoting the charge separation to improve photocatalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts is very important in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Here, a novel MoS2/CdS 2D–2D ultrathin nanosheet heterostructure was fabricated via a one-pot solvothermal route. The obtained 2D–2D MoS2/CdS nanojunction has not only provided large contact areas, but also shortened the charge-transport distance, resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution property. By optimizing the 2D MoS2 amounts in the heterojunction, the 5 wt% 2D/2D MoS2/CdS heterojunction displayed the maximal photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 5566 μmolh−1 g−1 under visible-light irradiation in the presence of lactic acid as the sacrificial reagent, which was 10.1 times higher than that of pristine 2D CdS (516 μmolh−1 g−1). Based on the photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence spectra tests, it could be deduced that the charge separation and transfer of 2D/2D MoS2/CdS heterojunction were tremendously improved, and the recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs was effectively impeded. Moreover, the 2D MoS2 was used as a co-catalyst to provide the abundant active sites and lower the overpotential for H2 generation reaction. The current work would offer an insight to fabricate the 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts for splitting H2O into H2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electric energy generation system, under the economic operation mode, is an imperative mission in the power system function. This article deals with the use of beetle swarm optimization algorithm (BSOA), for optimal power flow (OPF) solution, in an effective approach. BSOA is a competent optimization technique, to handle multimodal, nonlinear, and nondifferentiable objective functions. The proposed OPF is modeled by numerous objective functions, formulations with constraints, examined with thirty-one different cases, on the three distinguished test systems (IEEE 30, 57, and 118-bus), using single and weighted sum multiobjectives. Six new multiobjective cases are also studied. The control variables, such as real generation of power, tap setting ratio of transformers, bus voltages magnitudes, and the values of shunt capacitor, are also optimized. Potency and robustness of this proposed method were investigated and evaluated with more recent findings reported in the literature. This extensive study revealed the preeminence of the presented technique, applied to OPF problem, with intricate and nonsmooth objective functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For eco-friendly, economic, and renewable energy source, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has attracted extensive attention in current era. DSSC faces various researches toward the enhancement of its efficiency. Developing high-performance photoanode for efficient DSSCs is urgent need and it is still under research. In this regard, we successfully synthesized 2D graphene-decorated WSe2 by simple hydrothermal approach. The synthesized photoanode materials were characterized by advanced technique such as XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, PL, and XPS to investigate their size, morphology, crystalline phase, structure, chemical nature, and purity. The XRD results exposed the hexagonal cubic phase of WSe2. The different morphologies like spherical and 2D sheet were confirmed for WSe2, graphene through SEM micrograph which was further confirmed by TEM. The EDAX and XPS results proved the purity of composite photoanode and W+6 and W+4 state of tungsten in composite, respectively. UV and PL results confirmed the improved optical properties and reduced band gap during graphene incorporation. The surface area and pore size of WSe2/graphene composite was determined using N2 absorption–desorption measurements and found to be 105.2 m2/g and 19.8 nm, respectively, which is higher than that of pristine WSe2 (86.3 m2/g; 34.2 nm). DSSCs have been fabricated with these materials such as WSe2, RGW1, RGW2, and RGW3 as photoanodes. A device containing 10 wt% of 2D graphene-incorporated hybrid material exhibits significant improvements over the pure counterpart, due to less recombination of photo-generated electrons, rapid charge collection, and higher dye sensitization. The 2D graphene-decorated WSe2hybrid material as photoanode thus offers a promising low-cost Pt-free counter electrode for DSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems must be predicted through accurate simulation designs before proceeding to a real-time application to avoid errors. However, predicting the cohesive relationship between current and voltage and estimating the parameters of a single diode model become a perplexing task due to insufficient data in the datasheet of PV panels. This research work presents single-diode solar PV system simulation analysis under different conditions, and the performance is improved by introducing an optimization-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. Before simulation, a mathematical model for a single diode and optimization approaches are presented in this research work. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), BAT optimization, and grey wolf optimization (GWO) model-based MPPT circuits are designed, and the performances are comparatively analyzed. The simulation results identify the nonlinear relationship between current and voltage and between power and voltage as characteristic curves for different temperature and irradiance values. For maximum power (Pmax), the maximum peak point tracking power and efficiency are analyzed to verify the optimization-based MPPT system. The simulation results demonstrate that the GWO model obtains a maximum tracking efficiency (TE) of 98%, which is much better than that of other optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from basic gender categories such as male and female, there is a third gender which refers to the community of transgender. These people are rejected and discriminated in the society in which they live. They are not accepted as common people. Their life is filled with struggle, tears and barriers and they are excluded and marginalized. Their life is different from that of ordinary people as they do not have a good repute in the society. In order to fulfill their basic needs, they beg and even sometimes are forced to work as sex workers. In 2014 the Supreme Court of India declared the transgendered persons as the third gender. This groundbreaking judgment paved a way for the transgender persons to gain recognition and have the privilege to enjoy their rights now days. Education shapes one's life and gives upliftment. Many transgender persons try to come out of their restricted cage to spread out their wings in flight. Only few transgender people like Manobi Bandyopadhyay have come out successfully breaking the shackles of the society. Education and family support alone have helped her to assert her identity and she has become a representative and voice of her community. This paper is an attempt to show how Manobi faces the struggles and comes out of the crisis to achieve greatness in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) is a plant that belongs to Liliaceae family. The name Aloe derives from the Arabic word "Alloeh" meaning shining bitter substance while "vera" in Latin means true. It contains various minerals and vitamins. It has got various properties such as immunomodulatory, antiviral and antiinflammatory in nature. A. vera can play a significant role in dentistry in treatment of lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, alveolar osteitis, periodontitis, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made in this article to interpret Bharati Mukherjee's The Holder of the World as a novel dealing with the eco-critical values and the characters representing the society. It also traces the existing relationship between people and nature. As a diasporic novelist, Mukherjee searches the association between women and their contribution to nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]