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El propósito del presente artículo fue analizar los procesos de gestión empresarial que desarrollan tres asociaciones de pequeños productores de banano orgánico del valle del Chira, Sullana-Perú. Por la naturaleza de las variables, fue un estudio basado en el enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo. La muestra seleccionada estuvo compuesta por las tres asociaciones, y las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista, revisión documental y focus group. Entre los resultados se tienen, que existe un alto nivel de manejo de herramientas de gestión, al menos las básicas, como plan estratégico, plan operativo anual, presupuestos, flujo de caja y sistema de costos. Sólo en el caso, de la Asociación de Pequeños Productores Orgánicos de Querecotillo, el nivel es medio, puesto que no existe flujo de caja ni un sistema de costos apropiado. Asimismo, se evidencia un creciente desarrollo de instrumentos de gestión, como reglamentos de trabajo, manuales de organización y funciones, resaltando que el proceso de instrumentalización en estas tres organizaciones está en progreso continuo. Se concluye, que existen niveles diferenciados de desarrollo de la gestión empresarial entre las tres asociaciones, siendo la Asociación de Pequeños Productores de Banano Orgánico Samán y Anexos, la de mayor nivel de desarrollo.

Resumen La sociedad actual atraviesa una serie de transformaciones que incluyen incertidumbres, cambios acelerados que, en cierto modo, también generaron respuestas y consecuencias en una sociedad dividida, fragmentada, intolerante y poco empática; por eso, más que nunca, se necesita ciudadanos responsables que permitan mejorar la sociedad. Este artículo es el informe de una investigación cuyo propósito fue desarrollar un análisis sistemático de la formación y desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas para responder a un mundo globalizado. La investigación fue realizada por medio de una revisión sistemática con carácter meta analítico de diversas publicaciones, para ello se utilizó proveedores de información y múltiples bases de datos científicas indexadas en: ProQuest, Ebsco, SciELO, Scopus, Concytec, Dialnet, entre otras. De la misma manera, utilizando términos y operadores booleanos, se realizó una Metabúsqueda en el Google Scholar de informes y repositorios publicados por organismos e instituciones internacionales y nacionales como: UNESCO, CEPAL, UNICEF, INEI, CADE-IPAE. Los artículos e informes analizados describen problemas globales, ofrecen diversas estrategias didácticas como pedagógicas para mejorar la convivencia y desarrollar las competencias cívicas de los ciudadanos. Asimismo, se consideraron los criterios de inclusión de fuentes confiables de los últimos cinco años, así como la exclusión de algunos artículos por no estar sujeta a validez y confiabilidad. Finalmente, se concluye que la mayoría de investigadores han publicado estudios con el fin de desarrollar una cultura de paz. Ante esto, los informes que se destacan son cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos, muchos de los cuales buscan fortalecer las competencias ciudadanas en diferentes niveles: básico y superior, destacando a Colombia como el país con mayor impacto en las publicaciones de formación de competencias ciudadanas. Palabras clave: formación básica, competencias para la vida, habilidad ciudadana, competencias ciudadanas, ciudadanía global y educación global.

En el presente estudio se analizó los determinantesde la informalidad laboral en laregión Piura 2017; con la finalidad deinferir lineamientos de política pública que permitan que las personas se inserten en el mercado de trabajo formal. Se expusieron las dos principales teorías sobre la informalidad laboral: la estructuralista y la institucionalista. Para el análisis de los determinantes, se estimó un modelo econométrico logit. La información se obtuvo de la base de datos de la ENAHO (2017) para la región Piura. Como resultados, se encontró que la edad, el sexo, jefatura del hogar, zonade residencia, tamaño de la empresa y los distintos niveles educativos de la persona, influyeron de manera inversa en la informalidad laboral.

El escenario actual presenta vertiginosos cambios, que desde luego invita a no perder de vista a la escuela y particularmente a la institución mater como la universidad, con el fin de observar en principio, si éstas conjuntamente están formando o no las habilidades y competencias para desempeñarse en una sociedad tan desemejante como la nuestra. En este mismo escenario, existe una ardua tarea de investigadores y publicaciones que inciden y le ponen énfasis al desarrollo de habilidades blandas. Frente a ello, el objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es evaluar la calidad teórica y metodológica de las publicaciones a través del estudio selectivo y crítico de lo que los autores argumentan sobre formación de habilidades blandas, llamadas también habilidades socioemocionales, en mejora de los aprendizajes, a partir del análisis de las fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias como artículos, informes, programas y libros. Metodológicamente por su naturaleza es una investigación de revisión descriptiva correlacional y se centra particularmente, en la revisión de artículos científicos originales, tesis e informes, recurriendo al método deductivo e inductivo, empleando el análisis y meta-análisis. La revisión se realizó considerando el criterio de selección, el criterio de inclusión y exclusión, el criterio temporal y el de búsqueda de información objetiva en revistas indexadas. Finalmente, se concluye que las diversas publicaciones sobre habilidades blandas, desde el nivel cualitativo, cuantitativo y mixto presentan un profundo análisis de las variables de estudio tanto en teoría como en la metodología, evidenciándose el uso de técnicas e instrumentos en cada una de las investigaciones y cuyos resultados determinan que el desarrollo de habilidades blandas contribuye de modo significativo en el aprendizaje.

El ensayo tuvo como objetivo analizar la vulnerabilidad de los derechos humanos ante los desastres naturales en el Perú. Por su naturaleza, se recurrió a las técnicas de gabinete y para el análisis se empleó el método deductivo. Los resultados revelaron que la vulneración y protección de los derechos, así como las acciones adecuadas para prevenir ciertos riesgos ante, durante y luego de las emergencias es debido a la indiferencia de las autoridades y la pasividad e irresponsabilidad de la comunidad. Se concluyó que la vulnerabilidad de los Derechos Humanos ante la situación de desastres son la supresión total de las desigualdades económicas, sociales y de género que ya existen en la sociedad antes del evento natural y por consiguiente la mitigación de la profundización de estos problemas luego del evento natural. Palabras clave: La vulneración de los derechos humanos, desastres naturales, políticas públicas.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research was conducted in order to determine the effect of population density on the growth of Trichomycterus punctulatus, in an intensive culture system with recirculation, to which was applied Increasing Stimulus Experimental Design with three treatments without repetition: 2.21 lifes / liter, 2.94 lifes / liter and 3.68 lifes / liter. The fish were fed a diet of 32% protein and were sampled monthly growth as well as physical and chemical parameters of the water. We applied ANOVA and Duncan test. Growth of T. punctulatus was affected by population density in direct, with a higher density of 3.68 lifes / liter: 90.90 mm and 5.95 g; also the overall production per cubic meter and observed the same trend. The physicochemical parameters of the water were similar among treatments and were within the ranges of good development for fish.

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la densidad poblacional sobre el crecimiento de Trichomycterus punctulatus, en un sistema de cultivo intensivo con recirculación; para lo cual se aplicó el Diseño Experimental de Estímulo Creciente con tres tratamientos sin repetición: 2,21 lifes/L, 2,94 lifes/L y 3,68 lifes/L. Los peces fueron alimentados con una dieta de 32 % de proteína y se realizaron muestreos mensuales del crecimiento así como de los parámetros físico-químicos del agua. Se aplicó análisis de variancia y prueba de Duncan. El crecimiento de T. punctulatus fue afectado por la densidad poblacional en relación directa, siendo mayor en la densidad de 3,68 lifes/L: 90,90 mm y 5,95 g; asimismo, las producciones total y por metro cúbico observaron la misma tendencia. Los parámetros físico-químicos del agua fueron similares entre tratamientos y se encontraron dentro de los rangos de buen desarrollo para los peces.

This paper details a technique in the time domain for the fast periodic steady-state solution of systems with unified power-flow controllers (UPFCs) incorporating three strategies for the practical representation of the UPFC commutation process. The computation of the periodic steady-state solution of power systems with UPFCs including the proposed UPFC control strategies is efficiently obtained by extrapolation to the limit cycle using a Newton method based on a numerical-differentiation procedure. The periodic steady-state solution is validated against the solution obtained with the electromagnetic transient program PSCAD/EMTDC and against an implementation with the power system blockset of SIMULINK. Index Terms--Commutation process, electromagnetic transient program, fast periodic steady state, limit cycle, Newton method, numerical differentiation, unified power-flow controllers (UPFCs).

The development of a revolutionary design for transmission lines was recently introduced by shifting phase configurations and sub-conductors into “unconventional” arrangements that were geometrically optimized to maximize natural power. The objective of this paper is to study the electromagnetic transients that result from the simultaneous and sequential line energization and re-energization of the previously developed unconventional high surge impedance loading (HSIL) lines. Statistical switching overvoltage (SSOV) studies are performed using a frequency domain method based on the inverse numerical Laplace transform. Compared to a conventional line, all unconventional HSIL line designs studied in this paper lead to very similar surges for long line lengths (400 km) and similar values for short line lengths (100 km), indicating additional advantages of these lines. The use of a frequency domain method for SSOV studies offers enhanced accuracy, simulation flexibility, and substantially lower computational burden compared with traditional time-domain methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a light, flexible, and yet reliable multiparametric estimation algorithm for grid-connected voltage-source-converter-based systems. This approach combines the nonlinear least squares (NLSQ) fitting algorithm and the steady-state extended harmonic domain (EHD) model to take into account the harmonic effects. The EHD model is used to take advantage of the harmonic content of the electrical signals to provide robustness and improved performance to the NLSQ estimation methodology. In addition, this harmonic formulation reduces the necessity of synchronized measurements. Details of the implementation are provided by an experimental case study, in which the grid equivalent (Thevenin voltage, inductance, and resistance), the ac-side filter (inductance and resistance), and the converter switching and conduction loss resistance are accurately estimated for three different operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High penetration of wind power plants may have an adverse impact on power systems' stability by reducing the inertia, and problems like frequency stability could appear due to total inertia in the system being reduced, making the power system more vulnerable to disturbances. However, most recent grid codes include an emulation inertia requirement for wind power plants, because modern wind turbines are capable of providing virtual inertia through power electronic converter controls to improve frequency stability issues. Because of this, it is necessary that the inertia estimation analyze and quantify the impact of the inertia reduction in power systems. In this paper, an implementation of a methodology for the inertia estimation of wind power plants is presented. It is evaluated through synchrophasor measurements obtained from a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) implementation, using industrial Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). This methodology is based on the swing equation. Furthermore, a comparison of the results obtained between two professional tools RSCAD and DIgSILENT PowerFactory is performed, in order to evaluate the accuracy and the robustness of the methodology. This methodology is applied for the inertia estimation of an equivalent of the southeast zone of the Mexican power system, where there is a large-scale penetration of wind power plants. The results demonstrate that this methodology can be applied in real power systems using PMUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new generation devices based on renewable energy is a subject that increasingly becoming more important for the development of new distributed generation systems; one device developed for this purpose is the permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG). This work deals with the performance and power quality assessment of the PMLG under 2 different generation scenarios of microgeneration: the wave energy converter and the free piston engine linear generator. The performance of the PMLG is evaluated using the finite element method and experimental results under steady state condition of a 100-W prototype are presented to test and validate the proposed process design. The actuator displacement inside the PMLG was obtained from the equation that governs the movement of the 2 systems under study; this displacement was the excitation function used to conduct the simulation and the laboratory experiments. This work contributes to the design and development of power components devoted to microgeneration and creates the need for the modelling and development of power electronic converters for helping in control and power quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undesirable harmonic distortion produced by distributed generation units (DGUs) based on power-electronic inverters presents operating and power-quality challenges in electric systems. The level of distortion depends on the internal elements of the DGUs as well as on the characteristics of the grid, loads, and controls, among others. This paper presents a comprehensive method, focused on power-quality indexes and efficiency for the design of microgrids with multiple DGUs interconnected to the ac grid through three-phase multi-Megawatt medium-voltage pulsewidth-modulated-voltage-source inverters (PWM-VSI). The proposed design method is based on a least square solution using the harmonic domain modeling approach to effectively consider explicitly the harmonic characteristics of the DGUs and their direct and cross-coupling interaction with the grid, loads, and the other DGUs. Extensive simulations and analyses against PSCAD are presented in order to show the outstanding performance of the proposed design approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte level. Some of them are non-invasive, such as optical sensors of level, while some others are invasive; but both require one sensor per battery. This paper proposes a different approach to detect the low electrolyte level, which neither requires invasive sensors nor one sensor for each battery. The approach is based on the estimation of the internal resistance of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model of the battery. To establish the detection criterion of the low level of electrolytes, a statistical analysis is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be considered a valid method, multiple experiments were performed. The experiments consisted of determining how the internal resistance is affected at eight different levels of electrolyte at different aging levels of vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Hence, this approach has the potential to be used for the reducing of sensors and avoiding invasive methods to determine the low level of electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a battery energy storage system (BESS) in only one of its multiple operating modes, that is when the BESS is charging the battery bank and with the focus on the control scheme design for the BESS input stage, which is a three-phase LCL-filter PWM rectifier. The rectifier's main requirements comprise output voltage regulation, power factor control, and low input current harmonic distortion, even in the presence of input voltage variations. Typically, these objectives are modeled by using a dq model with its corresponding two-loop controller architecture, including an outer voltage loop and a current internal loop. This paper outlines an alternative approach to tackle the problem by using not only an input–output map linearization controller, with the aim of a single-loop current control, but also by avoiding the dq modeling. In this case, the voltage is indirectly controlled by computing the current references based on the converter power balance. The mathematical model of the three-phase LCL-filter PWM rectifier is defined based on the delta connection of the filter, which accomplishes the requirements of a 100 kW BESS module. Extensive simulation results are included to confirm the performance of the proposed closed-loop control in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy is the intermittency of the raw material, thus hybrid generation systems that contain both sources are being used to complement electric power generation. To analyze the problems of this type of hybrid generation systems, it is necessary to develop models and test systems that allows to study their dynamic behavior. Reported in this paper is the implementation of a full hybrid PV–wind generation system model in a real-time digital simulation platform, and the development of the electronic converter controls. These controllers were implemented in digital devices (Arduino Due) and connected to the simulation platform to test their performance in real-time. In addition, the procedure followed for the development and implementation of the controllers is presented. The proposed test system can be used in renewable energy integration studies and the development of new control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a control scheme of a wide-area controlled static VAr compensator (WAC-SVC) and its real-time implementation in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation scheme with three control objectives: (1) to increase the critical clearing time, (2) to damp the power oscillations, and (3) to minimize the maximum line current. The proposed control scheme considers a correction strategy to compensate the delays up to 200 ms. In addition to this, a generator tripping scheme based on synchrophasor measurements to determine the proximity to the loss of synchronism is proposed. A delay compensation algorithm based on polynomial approximations is also developed. The proposed WAC-SVC is experimentally validated using a Real-Time Digital Simulator platform (RTDS), industrial communication protocols, a commercial device for PMU-based control implementations, and digital relays with PMU capability. The real-time simulation results confirm its effectiveness and feasibility in real industrial applications. Furthermore, practical guidelines to implement this kind of control schemes are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]