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The detailed mechanism and the extent of pH/SO2 changes during apoptosis remain unknown. The developed sensor NPCF for SO2 and pH dual detection illustrates that SO2 can reduce the inflammation caused by LPS and the acidification of the environment. The levels of SO2 and pH change during carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-recognition probes based on one reacting site inevitably encounter competition problems. Here, NPClA, a two-photon fluorescent probe based on a dual-site response for SO2/HOCl, was developed and applied in imaging mitochondrial stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a colorimetric and fluorescent probe 3a to detect cellular peroxynitrite with high selectivity and sensitivity. 3a was successfully applied in the bioimaging of exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite in living cells. The up-regulation of peroxynitrite in cancer cells and normal cells during 5-fluorouracil treatment was finally monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive accumulation of reducing agents in the ER leads to a constitutively high UPR. And the co-function of GSH, Cys and HOCl in biological processes is not well understood. To address this, a TP probe, NPCC, was developed for monitoring reductive stress in the ER. It can also distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A mitochondria-targetable "naked-eye" fluorescent probe RosPO(OH) 2 was obtained. • The first dual-function probe for simultaneous determination of HOCl and pH is reported. • Probe have rapid response, low detection limit and a wide range of pH application. • The fluorescent imaging demonstrated its value of practical application. A series of rosamine dyes were designed and synthesized through one-step reaction. Among them, bifunctional fluorescent probe RosPO(OH) 2 showed excellent water solubility and large molar extinction coefficient. RosPO(OH) 2 underwent a two-step ionization process as the pH value of the HEPES buffer increased, accompanied a blue shift of UV absorption and an enhancement of fluorescence intensity. This means it can be used as a pH sensor. After the addition of HOCl, the fluorescence of RosPO(OH) 2 was quenched and the color of the solution changed from pink to colorless which permitted "naked eye" detection. RosPO(OH) 2 could be used as a sensor for detecting HOCl with high selectivity, rapid response, low detection limit (52 nM) and a wide range of pH application (pH 1–10). Colocalization results showed that RosPO(OH) 2 could specifically stain in mitochondria. Due to the low toxicity and the excellent water solubility of RosPO(OH) 2 , it had been successfully applied to image pH and HOCl in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • A new N-oxide based and turn on fluorescent probe for Fe2+ was developed. • The probe possessed a high selectivity for Fe2+ among various biologically relevant species and fast rapid response. • Monitoring Fe2+ with TPM fluorescence imaging for the first time. Abstract Iron is an essential element for human body, involved in important biochemical processes in the body, especially in biological oxidation. Misregulation of iron levels in the cell is concerned with serious diseases. Here, a novel two photon and turn on NIR-fluorescent probe based ICT for detection of Fe2+ is first reported. The probe exhibited brilliant selectivity and excellent sensitivity (DL = 4.5 μM), rapid response (15 min) and "naked-eye colorimetric sensor" for monitoring of Fe2+. More importantly, the probe was successfully applied to real-time monitor Fe2+ in living cell through two-photon microscopy fluorescence imaging with excitation 680 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury (Hg) is considered an extremely toxic heavy metal which is extremely harmful to both the human body and environment. In addition, Hg 2+ -induced oxidative stress also exerts a crucial role to play in pathophysiological mechanisms of mercury toxicity. Thus, efficient and specific fluorescent probes for imaging Hg 2+ -induced oxidative stress are necessary. In the present study, we rationally design a novel Hg 2+ -activated and ICT-based NIR emission fluorescent probe NIR-HO for sequentially monitoring the ONOO - level with a "dual-key-and-lock" strategy. The probe NIR-HO showed rapid response and excellent specificity and sensitivity for the detection of Hg 2+ and ONOO - in vitro. Cell imaging demonstrated that Hg 2+ -induced oxidative stress was involved in ONOO - upregulation. Also, GSH, NAC, and EDTA were employed as excellent detoxifying drugs against Hg 2+ -induced toxicity. Moreover, the probe NIR-HO was successfully used for imaging Hg 2+ and ONOO - in vivo. In brief, NIR-HO provides a simple and powerful approach which can be used to image Hg 2+ -induced oxidative stress in the pathological environment.