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Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway discovered in recent years, and ferroptosis‐inducing agents have great potential as new antitumor candidates. Here, we report a IrIII complex (Ir1) containing a ferrocene‐modified diphosphine ligand that localizes in lysosomes. Under the acidic environments of lysosomes, Ir1 can effectively catalyze Fenton‐like reaction, produce hydroxyl radicals, induce lipid peroxidation, down‐regulate glutathione peroxidase 4, and result in ferroptosis. RNA sequencing analysis shows that Ir1 can significantly affect pathways related to ferroptosis and cancer immunity. Accordingly, Ir1 can induce immunogenic cells death and suppress tumor growth in vitro, regulate T cell activity and immune microenvironments in vivo. In conclusion, we show the potential of small molecules with ferroptosis‐inducing capabilities for effective cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a neutral iridium complex, [Ir(4-(2-pyridinyl)benzaldehyde)2(acetylacetone)] (Ir-ER), with viscosity-responsive phosphorescent emission intensity and lifetime. Quantitative measurement by two-photon phosphorescent lifetime imaging shows that the viscosity of ER increases significantly in the process of erastin-induced ferroptosis. Our work provides an effective strategy for quantitative measurement of the micro-environmental alternations of subcellular organelles during a specific cell death process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a rapid and effective method for analysis and identification of the alkaloids from Ranunculus japonicus Thunb by ultra-performance liquid chromatogaraphy with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOP-MS) and discuss their fragmentation regularity, the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the alkaloids from Ranunculus japonicus Thunb by their MS data, tandem characteristic fragment ions and standards. In the end. 12 alkaloids were identified from Ranunculus japonicus for the first time, and their fragmentation regularity was discussed. Thus, a rapid and effective analysis and identification method for the alkaloids from Ranunculus japonicus by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hao Jia Xu Re Qing Granules (HJ), is an effective clinically used antipyretic based on traditional Chinese medicine. Although its antipyretic therapeutic effectiveness is obvious, its therapeutic mechanism has not been comprehensively explored yet. In this research, we first identified potential biomarkers which may be relevant for the antipyretic effect of HJ based on urine metabolomics using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). A rat model of fever was established using the yeast‐induced febrile response. Total‐ion‐current metabolic profiles of different groups were acquired and the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis–partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. As envisioned, the results revealed changes of urine metabolites related to the antipyretic effect. Fourteen potential biomarkers were selected from the urine samples based on the results of Student's t‐test, "shrinkage t", variable importance in projection and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. N‐Acetylleucine, kynurenic acid, indole‐3‐ethanol, nicotinuric acid, pantothenic acid and tryptophan were the most significant biomarkers found in the urine samples, and may be crucially related to the antipyretic effect of HJ. Consequently, we propose the hypothesis that the significant antipyretic effect the HJ may be related to the inhibition of tryptophan metabolism. This research thus provides strong theoretical support and further direction to explain the antipyretic mechanism of HJ, laying the foundation for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monitoring data of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in 333 cities in China from 2015 to 2020, using spatial clustering, trend analysis, and the geographical gravity model, this study quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of PM 2.5 -O 3 compound pollution concentrations and its spatiotemporal dynamic evolution pattern in major cities in China. The results showed that:① there was a synergistic change in PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations. When ρ (PM 2.5 _mean) ≤ 85 μg·m -3 , for every 10 μg·m -3 increase in ρ (PM 2.5 _mean), the peak of the mean value of ρ (O 3 _perc90) increased by 9.98 μg·m -3 . When ρ (PM 2.5 _mean) exceeded the national Grade II standards of (35±10) μg·m -3 , the peak of the mean value of ρ (O 3 _perc90) increased the fastest, with an average growth rate of 11.81%. In the past six years, on average, 74.97% of Chinese cities with compound pollution had a ρ (PM 2.5 _mean) in the range of 45 to 85 μg·m -3 . When ρ (PM 2.5 _mean)>85 μg·m -3 , the mean value of ρ (O 3 _perc90) showed a significant decreased trend. ② The spatial clustering pattern of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in Chinese cities was similar, and hot spots of the six-year mean values of ρ (PM 2.5 _mean) and ρ (O 3 _perc90) were distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and other cities in the Shanxi, Henan, and Anhui provinces. ③ The number of cities with PM 2.5 -O 3 compound pollution showed an interannual variation trend of increasing first (2015-2018) and then decreasing (2018-2020) and a seasonal trend of gradually decreasing from spring to winter. Further, the compound pollution phenomenon mainly occurred in the warm season (April to October). ④ The spatial distribution of PM 2.5 -O 3 compound polluted cities was changing from dispersion to aggregation. From 2015 to 2017, the compound polluted areas spread from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western regions of China, and by 2017, a large-scale polluted area centered on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Central Plains urban agglomeration, and surrounding areas was formed. ⑤ The migration directions of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentration centers were similar, and there were obvious trends of moving westward and northward. The problem of high-concentration compound pollution was concentrated and highlighted in cities in central and northern China. In addition, since 2017, the distance between the centers of gravity of PM 2.5 and O 3 concentrations in the compound polluted areas had been significantly reduced, with a reduction of nearly 50%.

Timosaponin B-II (TB-II; (25S)-26-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3β-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl) oxy]-5β-furostan-22-ol is extracted from Anemarrhena . Its anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-asthma properties have been widely explored. However, its effect on the heart has not been reported. In this study, we used zebrafish as a research model to determine the effects of TB-II on the heart and its toxic and anti-inflammatory effects. To explore the cause of cardioprotective effects of TB-II, we used transgenic zebrafish with macrophages and neutrophils labeled with fluorescent protein. We found for the first time that TB-II had a protective effect on the zebrafish heart. It did not affect the survival and hatching rates of zebrafish embryos, indicating its low toxicity. Results showed that TB-II may have cardioprotective effects, which might be related to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective: To study a method for rapidly identifying the saponions components in Ginseng and explore the fragmentation regularity., Methods: Used ACQUITY UPLC/Q-TOF micro system gradient elute wirh 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile mobile phase under the ESI negative mode; Data were analyzed by Masslynx 4.1 software., Results: 30 kinds of saponins in Ginseng were analyzed and identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS, and the fragmentation regularity of ginseng saponins components were explored., Conclusion: A analysis method is established for rapid identification of saponin components.