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Sudanese refugees in Egypt, who settled primarily in Cairo, encounter serious problems, both legal and economic, in accessing education. Refugees are legally barred from work and from sending their children to government schools and, hence, live in a precarious state. Often, such refugees perceive resettlement in a third country as the only remedy to their predicaments as long as war and massive human rights violations in their country continue. The poor state of the economy has seriously undermined the ability of the Egyptian state to provide social services to its burgeoning population and has negatively influenced its policies and stance towards refugees. This paper critically examines the situation of education for Sudanese refugees forced to operate in the informal economy due to legal and economic reasons. The paper argues that negative consequences of globalization, particularly the rise in numbers of poor people, further marginalized the position of Sudanese refugees in Cairo as the government became less accommodating to foreigners. It argues that more external funding is needed to ameliorate the dismal conditions of refugees and lessen the burden they exert on the host environment. It critiques the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees urban policy that invariably enforces cuts of assistance to refugees in Cairo, while their economic status remains precarious. The paper focuses on grassroots activities with Sudanese communities in Cairo. It is divided into four parts: (1) the introduction defines the main issues to be discussed; (2) gives an account of the status of the Sudanese in Egypt; (3) examines the issue of educational access to Egyptian schools; and (4) concludes the paper. (Contains 16 notes and 35 references.) (BT)

With the rise of globalization, education has become increasingly important throughout the world. It is through education that most children develop vital social and mental skills that help them later in life to become successful in the working world. The way a country runs its affairs and how it relates to other countries are based largely on how its youth are educated. Most people realize the need for education; but as long as they see a school building with teachers, they think something productive is happening behind the building walls. This is not always the case. Education varies throughout the world, and the differences in educational standards do more to explain cultural differences than anything else. Thus, the differing standards of education in the United States and South Africa call for a need to standardize the education curricula internationally. This paper shows, through qualitative analysis, what specific differences in standards of education cause people in various countries to act as they do in functioning in the global system. Through archival research of data sources on the educational systems in South Africa and the United States, and examining how these countries act toward others, a relationship between education standards and intercultural communication is shown. This helps to explain how the different standards of education affect international communication.

East Asia is the region which has experienced unprecedented growth in the past few decades. This growth resulted in the increase in education opportunities and the empowerment of women. Modernization and globalization provided opportunities for many women in China, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan. Modern Asian women can obtain higher education and gain status in their careers; they are at the crossroads between tradition and modernity. This paper provides information about the women's movements in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Readers obtain an understanding of globalization and its impact on women's lives in these societies. It concludes that the status of women has improved dramatically over the last 30 years; but there are still obstacles that prevent women from achieving equity in political participation, equal pay, and equal share of household responsibilities. Contains a 13-item bibliography. (Author/BT)

This paper discusses "constructions" of school size in West Virginia and Ohio and related issues concerned with school and school district consolidation, and the role of education, politics, and globalization. "School size" is not the same as enrollment; grade span and level are important in understandings of size. Socioeconomic status also has an impact, so no one best size fits all cases. Research has shown that small school size and small district size diminish the well-known relationship between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. In contrast to Ohio's 614 school districts, West Virginia has only 55--one for each county. Such large rural districts have considerable power in terms of local employment and politics. In Ohio, the state has long been frustrated in terms of consolidating districts and has now turned to consolidating schools within smaller districts, using the single-campus design in which all schools and district offices are located in one place. The Ohio consolidators have had a hard time convincing the people to give up local engagement with school districts but are having more success in separating communities from their schools. Unfortunately, this bad news is the old bad news. The ongoing bad news concerns changes in who constructs the institutional purposes of schooling and what those purposes are. The purpose of mass education shifted from supporting the existence of nation-states in the 19th century to defending the nation in the mid-20th century, and now it is being affected by the globalization of economics and politics. Schools that are locally cherished will help people resist global trends, but not under the guidance of those whose allegiance lies elsewhere. (SV)

The Western model of education is based on reductionism and linear thinking motivated by profit for those at the top. Globalization is the zenith of this Western reductionist philosophy. Its proponents talk about technology providing access to new vocational opportunities, yet fewer people control more of the resources and services. People find that globalization marginalizes them and their communities as jobs, services, and workers leave. It is time to reject the ethnocentric vision that Western education is best. Human potential can be unlocked through holistic education using strategies that Indigenous cultures have used for millennia. Indigenous cultures are community-based and integrate spiritualism, knowledge, skills, law, and responsibility into a seamless cloth of experience. They utilize a practical, experiential methodology of seeing, doing, feedback, and sharing. Holistic education based on Indigenous methodologies is a dynamic, open human relationship that cultivates a critical awareness of the many contexts of learners' lives--moral, cultural, ecological, economical, technological, and political. Such an education recognizes and respects that human intelligence is expressed through diverse styles and capacities. Learning is active, self-motivated, supportive, and encouraging of the human spirit. A holistic curriculum is interdisciplinary, integrating community and global perspectives. If humanity is to survive this millennium, there must be a major paradigm shift toward the community-based approaches of Indigenous peoples. (TD)

The Mass Communication and Society Division of the proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Free Congress Research and Education Foundation: An Extremist Organization in Think Tank Clothing?" (Sharron M. Hope); "Presence in Informative Virtual Environments: The Effects of Self-Efficacy, Spatial Ability and Mood" (Lynette Lim, Linda A. Jackson, Frank Biocca, Gretchen Barbatsis, Keith Bradburn, Ming Tang, Alexander Von Eye, Yong Zhao, and Hiram Fitzgerald); "Cognitive Mapping: Another Window Into the Ethical Reasoning of Journalists" (Sandra L. Borden); "Sources of Influence on People's Perceptions of the Quality of Life Available in Their Communities and Elsewhere" (Leo W. Jeffres, Kimberly A. Neuendorf, Cheryl Campanella Bracken, and David Atkin); "September 11 and the Newslore of Vengeance and Victimization" (Russell Frank); "Agenda Setting and International News: Media Influence on Public Perceptions of Foreign Nations" (Wayne Wanta, Guy Golan, and Cheolhan Lee); "Public Perceptions of the Phrase 'God Bless America'" (John V. Bodle and Larry L. Burriss); "Quantifying Globality in Hollywood Film" (Jonathan Obar); "Mapping Deviance: The Role of News Content in Communicating Legitimacy" (Tim P. Vos); "Modeling Internet Current Affairs News Usage from Perceived Credibility of Internet News, Internet Dependency Relations, and Social Locus" (Jin Yang); "Exploring the Effects of Web Advertising on Readers' Perceptions of On-line News" (Hyeseung Yang and Mary Beth Oliver); and "Patriarchy v. Functional Truth: Assessing the Feminist Critique of Intimate Violence Reporting" (John McManus and Lori Dorfman). (RS)

Materials from Agora 12 demonstrate that the disabled are merely another side of ourselves and training for them is a means of developing and acquiring independence and of becoming absorbed into society. A Foreword outlines the subjects of the three sessions: social solidarity and mental disability; training of the mentally psychologically disabled and the transition from institution to integration; and training of trainers and other professionals providing support for the mentally disabled and assisting their integration into economic life. A 36-item bibliography and agenda follow. The 15 presentations are "Mental Health: Medical Fact or Social Construct" (Gaye Hutchison); "Disability and Independence: Improving the Quality of Life of Disabled People" (Carmen Duarte);"Professional Training of the Mentally Disabled in Enterprises in the Open Labor Market" (Helmut Heinen); "Job Creation for the Mentally Disabled: New Approaches in Germany Through Integration Enterprises and Employment Companies" (Rainer Dolle); "The Effects of Globalization on the Mentally Disabled" (Alberto Alberani); "Economic Costs and Benefits of Integrating Disabled People into the Labor Market: An (sic) European Look" (Juan Carlos Collado); "Permitting the Mentally Disabled a Genuine and Appropriate Exercise of Their Rights" (Annet De Vroey); "The Initial and Continuing Training of the Mentally Disabled in Lifelong Education and Training" (Christian Robert); "Education and Training Proposed to Persons with Learning Disabilities in the Different European Countries" (Victoria Soriano); "Occupational and/or Personal IndependenceThe Role and Significance of Sheltered Employment in the Emancipation Process" (Gerard Zribi); "The Normal Environment as a Training Ground and Indicator of Personal Potential for Disabled Workers and Their Trainers" (Yvonne Schaeffer); "How Does a Trainer Working with the Mentally Disabled Differ from Any Other Teacher or Trainer?" (Hans-Juergen Pitsch): "Training of Trainers in Learning Disability ServicesIs Learning or Disability the Issue?" (Paul Twynam); "Training of Trainers of the Mentally Disabled in Europe" (Angelika Buehler); and "How Useful Are Networks of Trainers and of Trainers of Trainers in Preparing Them for Their Very Special Role?" (Raymond Ceccotto). A summary of discussions (Victoria Koukouma) is provided. Several presentations include bibliographies. (YLB)

This paper addresses the need for zemiology to modernise through the recognition of deeper levels of harm being inflicted through surveillance capitalism (Zuboff, 2019). Emphasising a needs-based approach to zemiology (Pemberton, 2016) highlights the existential threat being faced through the utilisation of surveillance mechanisms and the normalization of their presence in our lives. The right to our identities and our autonomy must be defended - and for this to be possible, studies of power and harm must develop. This draws upon a case study of ultra-fast fashion to provide an anchor point through which new harms can be explored, bringing criminological awareness to an exceptionally harmful industry at the forefront of globalisation. Through this, the preliminary theoretical findings from a doctoral study interrogating the intersection between technological development and harm production are shared, culminating in an invitation to a unique theoretical orientation and emerging field of study: Digital Zemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary world any activity is involuntarily and often decisively influenced by two phenomena: globalization and sustainable development. Each of them gives a special complexity and uncertainty to the business environment. While globalization requires an organization to adapt to new markets and new cultures, sustainable development outlines the need to respect and support the sustainability of these cultures, by attaching particular importance to socio-economic and ecological issues. Our paper presents the analysis of the main theoretical and empirical approaches outlined in relevant literature and by practitioners, highlights the methods used in project evaluation and selection, and proposes a hybrid model based on interdependent elements specific to project management, mathematical optimization and sustainability. The approach presented in the paper is based on a Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Group Decision Making model that allows the inclusion of complexity and uncertainty in the evaluation and selection of projects, in order to obtain a high level of performance, during the contemporary economic and social conditions. The model proposed for the optimal project portfolio selection involves a methodology composed of two decision-making methods: fuzzy AHP for determining the relative importance of the criteria considered within the evaluation model and fuzzy TOPSIS for objective, structured and analytical prioritization of the portfolio projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the structure and evolution of the criminal norm in the context of various existing legal systems at the global level, showing both the similarities and the differences between these systems. Thus, in the context of increasingly prominent globalization and unification of legal systems, there is some reticence registered within states in relation with the "modernization" and uniformity of the criminal norm. Therefore, a comparative presentation of criminal norms in certain representative legal systems, namely China for the Asian legal system, the United States of America for the North American legal system, Lebanon for the Islamic law system, and Italy for the European law system, is desirable. Also, the paper shall highlight the historical evolution of criminal norms as well as their development according to the existing cultural valences in each region. Moreover, this paper provides an overview of the development of criminal law in different legal systems and underlines the social and cultural factors as well as the space and time matters that customize the legislation of each state subject to analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European integration and globalisation are two important challenges faced by the universities, together with the ageing process that affects the size and the distribution of the target group of any higher education institution - the students. In this context, the universities' management system of human resources becomes very important. The performance and risks of any university are influenced by the quality of their employees and moreover, by the quality of the top-management team. This paper is trying to build on the model of recruitment developed by the Council of Europe, because HEIs need talented professionals, capable to work in multi-cultural environment. Thus, our paper tries to adapt the "Competency Framework and Core Values" of the Council of Europe to the specific of Danubius University of Galati, in order to improve the policy of recruitment, development and assessment of the management team. We hope that this paper will represent a starting point of redesigning the human-resources management system at our university, and also, it may represent an example of other universities in their process of renewing their strategies and policies of development. The value of this paper consists mainly in the innovative approach and to the fact that the results are original and unique and may be used for an education reform regarding HEIs' management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is a complex phenomenon, highly studied globally. Thus, the analysis of the population mobility process is performed using an interdisciplinary approach, with strong links in sociology, history, economics, geography, demography and even psychology. All disciplines involved in the analysis of the phenomenon target different aspects of population migration, define the decision underlying the migration of individuals and build the image of the impact that the phenomenon has on the actors involved. Emigration and immigration became important aspects of the Romanian society in the last decade. The present paper focuses on the regional migration phenomenon in Romania, between 1991 and 2019. The objective of the research is to characterize from a quantitative point of view the migration flows in and from Romania. Moreover, ARDL models are used to analyse the impact of the GDP in the migration decision. This analysis highlighted the fact that people who decide to emigrate are from all age groups and their decision is based on socio-economic considerations, these categories being attracted by well-paid jobs. The link between the number of emigrants and the evolution of GDP in Romania made with the help of a regression equation, which showed that there is a weak link between these variables, confirms once again that the evolution of gross domestic product did not change the decision of emigration to Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exchange of global economic flows and the high degree of development of technological processes have turned globalisation and technical progress into the current pillars of our society. The advantages and opportunities they offer are twofold, since they can both improve the quality of life and serve as an opportunity for unlawful and, specifically, criminal conduct. The concept of risk has consequently assumed a leading role in shaping the social model of advanced modernity. At the same time, it has given rise, as a normative reaction, to a demand for security on the part of citizens, which in the sphere of Criminal Law is manifested in an expansive tendency in its scope of intervention. However, the risks we are currently facing have different origins and characteristics, so that the expansive response of Criminal Law is neither unified, nor does it pose the same problems. Thus, based on the characteristics of today”s society and the risks that threaten it, this paper is based on the differentiation of the expansive currents of Criminal Law developed on the basis of new preventive needs. Specifically, it is possible to identify two punitive trends: one, whose function is to respond to new forms of criminality arising in the light of technical and scientific progress; the other, which affects and intensifies criminal intervention in traditional areas of delinquency, linked to marginalisation and social exclusion. Having set out this framework, we will analyse some of the main manifestations of both currents in the Spanish Criminal Code and the problems of legitimisation and attribution of criminal responsibility that they raise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper "The Assessment Methodologies PTELR, ADRI and CAE - Three Methodologies for Coordinating the Efforts to Improve the Organizational Processes to Achieve Excellence" the authors present the basic features of the assessment methodologies PTELR, ADRI and CAE that are designed to coordinate the efforts to improve the organizational processes in order to achieve excellence. In the first part of the paper (the introduction of the paper), the authors present the general background concerning the performance of management business processes and the importance of achieving excellence and furthermore correctly assessing/evaluating it. Aspects such as quality, quality control, quality assurance, performance and excellence are brought into discussion in the context generated by globalization, new technologies and new business models. Moreover, aspects regarding the methods employed to ensure the quality, maintaining it and continuous improvements, as well as total quality management, are also main pillars of this current research. In the content of the paper (the assessment methodologies PTELR, ADRI and CAE - as methodologies for coordinating the efforts to improve the organizational processes to achieve excellence), the authors describe the characteristics of the assessment methodologies PTELR, ADRI and CAE from a theoretical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the European Court of Human Rights Judgment on the question of violation of human rights regarding language and script use in Transnistrian schools. This research is important in the field of globalization and cultural differences because it studies the intercourse between the legal issues and the political implications of an ECtHR decision towards Transnistria - a hot spot on the international relations map since 1991. This paper wants to bring a deeper approach regarding the question of language and script use in the Republic of Moldova which was the core of the dispute between the left and the right bank of the Nistru river that later turned into the armed conflict in Transnistria. The method used was to put into historical context the Courts' decision of major importance on the Catan and Others v. Moldova and Russia case. Following the presentation and interpretation of the historical background of the language and alphabet issues in Moldova this work underlines the dynamics of the direct connection that exists between international politics, international law and regional crisis. This paper may elicit a more analytical interest for research groups interested in the conflict in Transnistria, the language dispute in Moldova and in international jurisprudence regarding the right to education, but it can also be useful to European or regional political decisional factors engaged in the peaceful conflict resolution. The key contribution of this paper consists of emphasizing the political implications of an ECtHR decision regarding the Republic of Moldova and the conflict in Transnistria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is our intention to present what are the main connections between globalization and international security. In terms of global security we can perceive the globalization as a process by which global state is represented by the UN, with a single world system, represented by major security organizations and with global effects. We will present from the beginning the main theoretical aspects that define the phenomenon of globalization, and then our contribution in assessing the implications of this phenomenon on the regional and global security. The results of our research are materialized in the last part of the paper. They emphasize the personal assessments on how the phenomenon of globalization has direct effect on global security. When talking about government, we think of norms, rules and decisionmaking procedures in the management of international life. The value that we add to the new scientific interpretation of the definition of globalization is represented, primarily, by the valuable bibliographic used resources and the original approach on the concept that refers to the links between globalization and security. This article may be, at any time, a starting point in an interesting research direction in the field of global security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper Prolegomena of Human Rights. Historical Roots and Globalization analyses the complexity of the history of human rights which revolve around an incessant struggle for the awareness of the value of the human being. It is the history which defends the man, the human being, regarded individually or collectively, who was subjected in the course of time to some atrocities and abuses, confronting itself with exploitation, discrimination, oppression, slavery, torture and even extermination. Moreover, the historical evolution of human rights knows halting places in which the concepts of human rights are accompanied by ambiguity, by different meanings for different people and vary in accordance with the context. By way of resemblance, the problem of human rights in the context of globalization which transforms human rights into rights of the global citizen, rights which acquire new dimensions and significances imposed by the economic, politic and social changes specific of globalization is approached in this paper. The global vision of the new human rights involves both the opportunity to have a say when they are infringed for example, when they are subjected to torture or terror, and where human rights abuses are carried out by the people, for example, trafficking in human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound imaging is safe, relatively affordable, and capable of real-time performance. This technology has been used for real-time visualization and analyzing the functionality of human organs such as human tongue shape and motion during a real-time speech to study healthy or impaired speech production. Due to the noisy nature of ultrasound images with low-contrast characteristic, it might require expertise for non-expert users to recognize tongue shapes. To alleviate this difficulty and for quantitative analysis of tongue shape and motion, tongue surface can be extracted, tracked, and visualized instead of the whole tongue region. The progress of deep convolutional neural networks has been successfully exploited in various computer vision tasks. This paper presents two novel deep neural network models named BowNet and wBowNet benefits from the ability of global prediction of decoding-encoding models from integrated multi -scale-contextual information and the capability of full-resolution (local) extraction of dilated convolutions. Experimental results using ultrasound tongue image datasets from different ultrasound devices revealed that the combination of both localization and globalization searching could improve prediction result significantly. Assessment of BowNet models in real-time using both qualitatively and quantitatively studies showed their outstanding achievements in terms of accuracy and robustness in comparison with similar techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to approach a relatively new topic: international cooperation for sustainable development. The first part of this paper is a theoretical construct which deals with the connection that exists between its main variables: globalization, democratization and development. This part of the paper also brings into evidence the necessity and importance of international cooperation for sustainable development (SD) during the globalization era. The second part of the paper aims to briefly analyse the importance and practice of education for sustainable development (ESD) in our contemporary society: the case of Romania. Conclusions represent the object of the last part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the general theory of law, we are aware of the migration of legal concepts, practices and institutions. We believe that there are no legal system anywhere in the developed world that has not used legal transplants, that has not borrowed from another country's laws. This paper intends to explore the concept of "legal transplants". Why are they used? Where do they come from? Is their assimilation uncomplicated? Why are they rejected in some cases? A transplanted law should be comported with the host state in order to be accepted? Should be discussed the relationship between law and culture when contemplating a study of legal transplants? What forces propel those borrowings? However, this paper does not claim to offer definite answers to the above mentioned questions. Its goal is more modest. In understanding the phenomenon of legal transplants, we underline the fast growing importance of using the comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest of the specialized literature for the competitiveness of the organization has derived, on the one hand, from the studies on countries and regions competitiveness and, on the other hand, from the concern of both managers and researchers about identifying effective ways of meeting customers needs and of dominating competitors. Basically, the competitive advantage could aim at either reaching a low cost of products or services or differentiating them in one or several ways against the competitor products. The competitiveness of an organization derives from the price / performance attributes of the existing products. An organization attains sustainable competitiveness if they succeed creating and maintaining several core competencies that would generate effects through replication and innovation. This approach may be adopted and applied as a specific definition of healthcare organizations competitiveness, as practice shows us that core competences become the fundamentals of the strategy and even competitive advantages and sources of key success factors. This paper aims at reviewing a healthcare unit having a single specialty providing high-performance and very high difficulty medical services. The original idea was to obtain a competitive advantage by introducing an entirely new, innovative treatment method to the clinic, which is also complementary to the medical services traditionally offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary society, which tends to be more and more close to uniformity and globalization, law tends to harmonize the individual interests with the general one. Social life is guided by all the norms imposed on individuals and collectives, which in some particular cases may be applied even through the coercion of the state. Public institutions and democratic societies live through the coexistence and cooperation of their members. As long as the constituent elements of the societies are represented by individuals, each of them must also comply with the coexistence and cooperation rules necessary to maintain the balance of the rule of law. As a society, we need justice, but it is not necessary for people to get tired of pretending justice to be done. Meanwhile, there is a need for a different justice, with a true culture of law and with strong liability. Lately worldwide events, such as great protests with high impact over national administrative and legal systems, as well as over international political relations have proved to be a massive arm against the entry into force of normative acts. The purpose of the paper and the objectives pursued by us will try to reveal whereas the initiatives of the people in their entirety, and not as individuals, are legally solid and if the role of such events is positive or it will only end in destabilizing the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the Hungarian ICT Industry related research and development is analysed. The developments and characteristics of the sector are described on one hand on the available statistics and on the other hand on interviews taken with the representatives of leading ICT companies in Hungary. In this short paper in order to have a larger database, we use a more aggregated definition of ICT sector according to European Commission DG JRC, IPTS (NACE rev.1.1). The main objectives of the paper are: to present the main characteristics of the sector and to explore the main causes of relatively low R&D activity of the ICT sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to emphasize the role of securing communication and information in the 21st century as an answer to the issue of globalization. The new concept of Enterprise Intelligence aims to manage the information flow. This represents an umbrella for the countless information solutions based on IT for a better order, structuring and accessing of internal information flow, of working flows, and of management information systems backed by tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The path undertaken by the world economy is irreversible - the world economic system is a system based on interdependencies, cooperation and multilateralism but economic openness is not full. Each country, in order to protect their national interest call, in different proportion, depending on the circumstances and of the economic-social and political interests, for different forms of the economic nationalism, forms that have adapted continuously to the demands required for integrating on the foreign markets. The recent global economic crisis intensified the rhetoric and the economic nationalism's practices but it is not about rebirth, but of renewal, of remodeling the nationalist policies, globalization being a premise of the new economic nationalism. The scope of this paper is to emphasize using empirical data the fact that nationalism and globalization, from an economical point of view, are not antagonistic policies, they coexist and influence each other, both generating contradictory effects, in terms of provided opportunities and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of studying globalization under its most important aspects in economic terms is relevant in terms of the major influences that determine them as operating environment, development and manifestation of a country's economy. Globalization is a current, continuous process, accompanying the evolution of the society, the changes they produce are different from those prevailing in the first decades after the second world war. In the specialized literature there are presented the views according to which globalization can be defined in different ways depending on the considered level. In accordance with these views, we may speak of the globalization of the world, into a single country, of a certain industry, of a corporation or a business relationship or functions within a company. In our paper globalization refers to increasing the economic interdependence between countries, reflected by increasing the cross-border flows of goods and services, capital and know-how, the volume of incoming and outgoing flows of foreign direct investments. At the level of a certain country, globalization refers to the extension of the interconnections between the economy of a country and the rest of the world. In this regard, it is noteworthy that, despite the increasingly globalized world, not all states are equally integrated into the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the relation between globalization and the process of European integration? Does the European integration have its own way, or is it deeply dependent on globalization? Those are the main questions I will try to answer in this paper by using an alternative critical approach: neogramscianism. Neo-gramscianism is a historical materialist view on the European integration process and international political economy which offers a better understanding of the social changes in terms of social forces agency and super structural influence (the neoliberal ideology of globalization and European integration). My aim is to analyze the globalization process through a neo-gramscian theoretical framework and to observe how its main components affect European Integration. I will do this by assuming the definition of globalization provided by Andreas Bieler, who understands this process through three main pillars: transnationalization of finance, transnationalization of production and ideological shift from Keynesianism to neoliberalism. Finally I will try to formulate some conclusions regarding the emergence of European Round Table of Industrialists - the first lobby group of big capital at the European Union level - and Economic and Monetary Union - the internal market program that symbolizes the shift to neo-liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a new global economy, which is in a constant growth, more companies or nations are in a position to export their own business model, searching for new markets, more favorable production costs, or diffent strategies leading to performance. This paper does not clame an exhaustive analysis, the aim is to capture some aspects of the comtemporany realities, because most of the aspects of the globalization can be passed throgh a cultural register. As a reference model, we used Locke's consensual inductive system, which involves the collections of opinions of specialist in the field with objective positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new philosophy of community development under the aegis of Europe 2020 strategy requires increased coordination and better interconnection between European financial instruments available for 2014-2020 programming period. The desire of the EU to be cohesive and unitary face a large spectrum of complex and correlated challenges such as: globalization; climate change; technological transformation; aging and demographic change and etcetera. These challenges together with the polyvalence of the integration process (deepening - widening - enlargement) determines the orientation of European Structural and Investment funds to integrated, multi-sectorial and multi-dimensional solutions. In this context, in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of European policies, the review, management and optimization of the European budget is crucial. This paper attempts to demonstrate the appropriateness structure of the EU budget and the extent to which this budget is a supporter and a guarantor of economic development of the EU as a whole, and of each individual Member State. This research examines how the EU budget manages to counter the financial crisis and analyses the aspects that can be improved and the prospects for the next period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an international language used for global, political, cultural and financial exchange, the English language teaching in promoting globalization has been approached from diverse views. The paper intends to investigate the most used terms for globalization since Western countries or the United Nations are now considered the super power with a leading economic, cultural and military position in the global order and, of course, with many of the most apparently cultural expressions of globalization. As English has been the prevailing foreign language in the curricula of educational institutions, it is accepted as the dominating language in the world for globalization comes to be commonly known in political and educational communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization - a complex system of innovation, internationalization and rapidly growing interdependence - plays the greatest role in the formation of today's world. It enters different spheres of human life and stipulates the uniformity of economy, law, business and even, political life. In the framework of global processes, a lot of changes can be seen in the legal systems of European countries. The given paper discusses the formation of the Romanian "fiducia" and the Georgian "" (sakutrebis mindoba - means "trust") under the influence of Anglo-American "trust". The term "trust" generally nominates an institution of Anglo-American law, which is irreplaceable in the cases when the real owner of the property must be substituted by the nominal one (trustee) for carrying out civil relationships. This concept originated in the English Common law, but has been constantly rejected by the European continental legal systems (Civil law). The main obstacle laid in the fact, that Anglo-American legal system was based on the duality of ownership, which was almost unacceptable for the continental law-governed countries. However, in the recent years, the growing importance of the American capital markets popularized the utilization of "trust" and stipulated its insertion in some "rigid" European jurisdictions. Moreover, some world countries have already indirectly allowed mechanisms similar to the "trust". Among them are Romania and Georgia. The given research is dedicated to the precise description of the Romanian and Georgian "trust instruments". It singles out major terminological units and underlines the fact that newly-established mechanisms have to undergo several stages for turning into faithful reflections of the original model of "trust".` [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper belongs to the area of critical studies of European Integration and tries to analyse the nature of the European states' response to euro zone crisis, during the negotiation of European Fiscal Pact. The theoretical approach is neo-gramscianism, which is focused on social forces agency in the process of integration and superstructural dimension of European Single Market. Since 1980, the interests of big capital, gathered in the European Round Table, shaped a neo-liberal dimension of the European economy, adapting it to the context of globalisation. But this neo-liberal project was also able to capture social-democratic, trade union and centrist demands into a neo-liberal European order, called by Bastiaan van Apeldoorn "embedded" neo-liberalism. This European model has also his limits because it puts the interests of capital in front of social policies through the assurance of market efficiency by EU. My purpose here is to see if during nowadays crisis, the European elite will apply the same economic principles of the embedded neo-liberalism trying to envisage rescue plans. To achieve this, I will follow the theoretical approaches of neo-gramscian authors like Apeldoorn, Bohle or Gill and analyse the state negotiations outputs during the European Council meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of globalization is a subject that has made much ink to flow. The tumultuous economic life led scientists to seek explanations to the negative economic events, events that take many forms, and to whom it is a must to find a solution or even a mitigating factor. In the past years, the globalization has generated a significant development of the emergent economies, but also that of the level of the developed countries. As it is easy to notice, we are the spectators of an ever more "globalized" world which does not lack numerous risks. Starting with the inequality between the people, continuing with various social problems and ending with the "creative destruction" of some countries' economies, an inevitable and irreversible destruction after entering into this game, the globalization phenomenon has become a threat. The globalization has opened, in the absence of economic protective policies, the way of frequent economic crises. The present crisis has taught us that the governments of the countries should play a more active role in the co-ordination of the economic policies, striving to prevent unbalances as those registered already and to avoid crises. Through this paper, we tried to make an brief analysis on the American economic system, underlying its most important aspects under the economic globalization phenomenon, starting from Joseph Stiglitz's most recent study and showing that sometimes the therapy can lead to failure, as in the case of United States of America. We also tried to create a little debate on the financial markets fundamentalism issue, talking about the concepts of freedom, political power and wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new economic and social framework in which the business of XXI'th century run , globalization and internationalization of business, changing consumer optics wich become more interested in quality and organic matters incorporated, have developed new priorities for managing a company. Achieving "excellence" in business is the way of survival and development for the entities, in a competitive economy. One of the ways to achieve the excellence is the performance, currently are increasingly talking about overall performance resulting in performances obtained on three pillars: economic, social and environmental. In order to maximize overall performance of the company, investigating various aspects of economic, social and environmental approach is a very necessary step to any manager. In this paper we propose drawing up a comprehensive diagnostic system of a company, developed on the three pillars of sustainable development economy (economic, social and environmental). The model we developed is designed to provide synthetically, efficiently and quickly, the standing of a company in a given competitive environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the perspective of the European financial space which should allow the professional intermediaries - the credit establishments, the insurance companies or investment services, to propose their services to the entire community of customers. Actually, here are considered the traditional banking services, such as those that provide insurance, especially those relating to life insurance. The access to regulated markets, it takes place in the perspective of this financial space, especially after coming into circulation of Euro coin. It should be insight, that the access to these markets, often requires the using of intermediaries. We can not speak about the existence of the financial space, without the freedom of action of these professional intermediaries. Concerning the freedom of these services, we can say that they depend on the movement of capital, and the movement capital is engaged since the directive of May 11, 1966, and subsequently is required after the June 24, 1988 and was confirmed by the Maastricht Treaty. Thus, we can discuss about the liberty of movement of capital, through angle the coordination of national legislation in matters of banks, the insurance and the investment services through a significant number of directives adopted. Nowadays, the European financial space is overtake, the EU borders and the internationalization of operations is require the extensive possible legal framework of application, also all the directives issued in matters of banks and insurance are covered by Annex VIII of the Agreement on the European Financial Space. The agreement also provides the interdictions of restrictions or discrimination concerning the movements of capital. As a consequence, the study is approach both to aspects concerning the European financial space and the interdictictions of restrictions or discrimination concerning the movements of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT 'And oh, if we ever part, then that might break my heart' (Gershwin and Gershwin, ). In the lyric, 'tomato tomahto', the marked, or explicitly differentiated term, is tomahto, corresponding more to the English rather than the United States pronunciation. The marked term of a contrast characteristically designates the exception or minor term and the distinctions contained in the unmarked term may be implicitly, and incompletely, understood. Analogously, information science has often been implicitly based in the United States and influenced by American modes of thought, while European, including English, developments have been the occasionally marked and often minor term. This panel explores European perspectives on information science, explicitly and implicitly contrasting them with United States perspectives, from a base in a number of languages and in Europe and beyond. The panel employs diverse and complementary viewpoints and should make for a lively discussion. It concludes, in sympathy with Gershwin, that cooperation and integration, corresponding to increasing globalization, is the way forward. The combination of European and beyond and United States perspectives on information science is especially appropriate for the first ASIS&T Annual Meeting outside North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sacramentality of the word, church, in the period of globalization. The author talks about the medieval understanding of the term, sacrament, that Aristotle was the one who instituted it and not Jesus Christ. He tackles the audicious claim in sacramentality, the principle of sacramentality, and Louis-Marie Chauvet's contemporary understanding of sacraments and sacramentality. He also explores the connection between sacramentality and ethics.

The article presents the report of the Committee on Strengthening the International Labour Office's (ILO) Capacity of the International Labour Conference in Geneva, Switzerland concerning information and report on ILO's capacity to connect global objectives to national action. It includes the effort of ILO towards the social dimension of globalization taking into consideration its vertical and horizontal governance. It further highlights the elected officers of the committee.