Search

Biological materials treat many cases of amputation that some people are exposed to, and not only cases of amputation and cutting of limbs but also cases of dental implants, the heart, blood vessels, and osteoporosis. This study deals with the biological failure that may occur to implants and the reasons for this deterioration as well, in addition to the types of implanted biological materials that may be made of titanium, high-strength steel, or chromium and cobalt alloys, and the causes of their corrosion and failure of implantation, as these materials remain in constant contact with the body's environment. It also discusses methods for improving and developing the surface of these vital materials to have high mechanical properties. It also discusses recent developments in coating techniques that take advantage of the properties. Superiority of nanomaterials to produce better mechanical and biocompatible properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articular cartilage has poor regenerative ability and current techniques fail to deliver successful long-term repair of the articular surface. Recently bioprinting has shown promise as a method for the fabrication of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Collagen-based bioinks offer numerous advantages including biocompatibility and biodegradability, however, the printability of these bioinks presents challenges. The objective of this research was to develop a biomimetic natural biomaterial-based bioink with the required printability for the fabrication of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications using extrusion-based bioprinting. Specifically, the study focuses on exploring bioink extrudability and the shape fidelity of bioprinted constructs. Four bioinks compositions were compared: sodium alginate (SA), sodium alginate and hyaluronic acid (SAHA), sodium alginate and collagen (SACOL) and sodium alginate hyaluronic acid and collagen (SAHACOL). Three printing nozzle sizes were also compared, 20G, 22G and 23G. To further enhance the bioactivity of the bioinks, chondroitin sulfate (CS) was added to the optimal bioink in varying concentrations. The optimal bioink was identified to be the SACOL with 0.8 wt./vol.% CS added. The optimal printing nozzle was identified to be the 22G nozzle. Current research is focused on the application of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms during the bioprinting process and post-printing for the analysis of bioprinted constructs. Overall, this research aims to optimise the bioprinting of collagen-based bioinks for cartilage tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the role of universities in the formation of material cycle clusters through RDI projects, focusing on the biomaterial and biochar sectors. It explores the challenges and opportunities within universityindustry collaborations to leverage university research capabilities to support exploiting new material uses and advancing circular economy initiatives. The study employs a combination of action research and the opportunity space theoretical framework to evaluate how universities can enhance their contributions to regional economic development and industry innovation. Preliminary findings suggest that while universities play a crucial role in these collaborations, issues such as stakeholder engagement, knowledge sharing, and agile management are critical for the successful establishment of robust business clusters. This ongoing research highlights the importance of effective coordination among diverse ecosystem actors to foster sustainable business environments and enhance regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass is widely recognized as an essential source of renewable energy. The most abundant organic resources in the plantation field are oil palm frond (OPF) and trunk (OPT). These lignocellulose biomaterials are rich in renewable biobased products. The recalcitrance of oil palm biomass directly linked with the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structure remains a challenge. The pretreatment process is still a consideration because the recalcitrant lignocellulose structure prevents depolymerization from releasing the appropriate substrate to a new approach. This study is aimed to characterize the oil palm frond and trunk pretreated by a combination of ultrasonication with a dilute sulfuric acid medium. This study considers the morphological and thermal characteristics intending to explore their future potential application. The procedure in this research was that the raw OPF and OPT were weighed and transferred into a 1000 ml beaker containing a low acid concentration of H2SO4 in the ratio of 1: 25. The deionized water (DW) was used as a control. The mixture was stirred and incubated in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes at an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and an ambient temperature of 80°C. The operating time and power were set at the start of the pretreatment. The ultrasonicated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG-STA). The results demonstrated that the yield percentages of OPT's ultrasound-assisted low sulfuric acid (ULSA) are about 10% higher than the deionized water pretreatment. SEM results showed that the ULSA pretreatment of OPF and OPT revealed a significant disruption of their surface structures. The DTG analysis revealed that the maximum temperature degradation of ULSA pretreatment is shifted to a higher temperature than the raw material, which is 273.43℃ for OPF and 265.15 for OPT to 314.43℃ for ULSA-OPF (SOPF) and 318.88℃ ULSA-OPT (SOPT). The thermogravimetric data indicates that the ULSA pretreatment produced more thermal stability than untreated oil palm biomass. Thermal stability is an essential criterion for determining the best lignocellulose material for a particular application, including energy. Hence, ultrasound coupled with the low sulfuric acid medium in both oil palm frond and the trunk has potential as a renewable material for use in many future applications of the bio-based material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of green chemistry is the application of biological material in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Generally, the metal nanoparticles have antimicrobial activity with low biological toxicity. Iron nanoparticles have potential components of wound healing than commercially available antibiotics. However, antibiotic heal the wound quickly it causes many side effects. The present work aims to synthesize the iron nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of Manilkara zapota leaves in a biological method. The UV spectroscopy showed a peak at 252nm, indicates the presence of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The morphology of synthesized FeNPs was determined by SEM analysis and the iron elements in the FeNPs was identified by EDX analysis. This green synthesis of FeNPs revealed good antibacterial activity and showed higher zone of inhibition for Escherichia coli (17mm), Staphylococcus aureus (18mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23mm) than standard amikacin. Hence, the synthesised FeNPs from aqueous extract of Manilkara zapota leaves proved the potential antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document provides information about the organizing committee and various other committees involved in the 7th Biomedical Engineering's Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices conference. The conference is organized by the Research Center for Biomedical Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia. The committees include advisory boards, steering committee, secretariat and registration, finance, event and protocol, IT and website, design, publication, and documentation, logistic and venue, funding and sponsorship, food and beverage, parallel session, scientific committee, reviewer team, and editorial team. The document also includes contact information for the organizers. [Extracted from the article]

The biomaterial is a substance which is designed to interact with the living system without giving any side-effect. Petrochemical plastics are in use for more than a century. Plastics have found use in different forms in various industries like food, cosmetics, textiles, medical sciences, engineering, and agriculture. Synthetic plastics take millions of years to degrade hence economies have switched to the production of biodegradable plastics. Present methods of synthesizing biomaterials use biological methods like microbial fermentations, which makes biomaterial synthesis and production, cost-effective and eco-friendly. The aim of this research article is to analyse the present state of research in large-scale biomaterial production and its safety for mankind and the environment. This review provides insight into the literature concerning the use of various bacteria-derived polymers and their use in the medical, healthcare, and food industry. This review will also consider the unique abilities of bacteria in using industrial waste and by-products of industries as substrate and their utilization as carbon and nitrogen source. The review will list the literature mentioning the barriers in present research based on microbial production of biomaterials and future directions to improve the production of biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the synthesis of phenothiazine derivatives and their biological activities have been reviewed. PTZ is heterocyclic compound connected with 2 benzene rings in a tricyclic form with nitrogen(N) and sulphur(S) with a molecular formula of S(C6H4)2NH. The presence of one or more heteroatoms within the carbocyclic analogues are accountable for the enhanced biological activities in phenothiazine. Interestingly, phenothiazine is extensively used in antipsychotic and antihistaminic medications. Moreover, PTZ shows vibrant medicinal action such as antipsychotic, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antiemetic, anticholinergic, and antihistamine actions. In this review article, we have discussed different synthetic strategies applied for the derivatization of PTZ as well as the different medicinal applications of these derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning outcomes are the grades achieved by a student in a class. The current condition shows low student learning outcomes, especially in subjects that require a high understanding of concepts such as Biology, one of which is the respiratory system material. Therefore, students need innovative, interesting, interactive, and fun media that can help them understand biological material by visualizing the shape, structure, and location of the organs that make up the body system. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of learning media Augmented Reality respiratory system (AR Sinaps) in learning Biology on the learning outcomes of high school students. This research was conducted in February-March at SMA Negeri 18 Bekasi. This research method is a quasi-experimental posttest-only control group design. The sample of this study amounted to 60 students, with each class totaling 30 students. The data analysis technique used is the Mann-Whitney test with a significant level (α) = 0.05. The average value of learning outcomes obtained by the experimental class is 90.60, and the control class is 76.07. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, this research showed significant effect of Respiratory System Augmented Reality (AR Sinaps) learning media on high school students' learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bone and tissue of the human body can be treated, improved, or healed using many forms of biomaterials. Because of its biodegradable property, good biological and mechanical qualities, and widespread use in biomedical applications, magnesium (Mg) alloys are among the significant biomaterials. Additionally, magnesium has a lower density (1740 kg/m3) and modulus of elasticity (45 GPa), that is significantly more similar to human natural bone than some other higher modulus metallic implants like titanium (Ti), stainless steels (SS), and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) based alloys. Though, because of this family of biomaterials' higher electrochemical activity, they rapidly deteriorate and suffer higher corrosion in the physiological environment. This causes hydrogen (H2) gas to be produced, which raises the pH of the surrounding air. The rate of deterioration of Mg biomaterials must be decreased to fulfil therapeutic criteria. However, higher Mg corrosion resistance leads to a lower alkaline pH and reduced antibacterial action. Therefore, in addition to addressing the issue of Mg-based biomaterials' rapid breakdown, effective antibacterial characteristics are also required. The micro arc oxidation (MAO) also called as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) surface modification technique can be utilized to modify the properties of Mg surface and its different alloys to increase their antibacterial activity while keeping their high levels of corrosion resistance. Antibacterial substances added to solutions during the MAO process significantly boost the coatings' antibacterial activity. In addition to producing hard, porous, biocompatible, corrosion resistant and wear-resistant coatings successfully, this technology may also be simply modified to incorporate antibacterial agents into the coatings' structure. It has been demonstrated that incorporation nano or micro sized particles to an electrolyte can change PEO coatings content and structure as well as provide potent antibacterial effects. Furthermore, PEO coatings that have undergone pre-or post-processing may provide better bacterial protection. We shall go into more depth about the antibacterial qualities of PEO coatings used on Mg and similar alloys in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dioecious Cannabis sativa L. is grown for derived products that are of industrial, food and therapeutic importance. The research aims to highlight the therapeutic potential. The study's main objective is to examine the antibacterial activity of dioecious hemp extracts on two bacterial strains. The plant material comes from 4 varieties of dioecious hemp CS (Cannabis sativa L.): CS1-Armanca, CS2-Lovrin 110, CS 3- Silvana and CS 4- Teodora. The antibacterial property of the plant biological material was tested on two bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of plant extracts was performed by determining the bacterial growth rate (BGR%), bacterial inhibition rate (BIR%) and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). The antibacterial activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of dioecious Cannabis sativa L was positively correlated with the increase of the concentration tested and inhibitory values. The results recommend them as possible candidates as compounds in products with antibacterial efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotechnology advances are obstructing our ability to comprehend the given complexities and resolve natural and clinical concerns by developing undetectable bio mimetic strategies. Because bone is a natural delineation of a metallic bio materials are acknowledged to play a crucial role in strong exploration. This paper examines current frameworks for employing metallic biomaterials to chip away at solid materials, as well as its applications in bone materials planning. The ability of metallic biomaterials in solid applications has been demonstrated in preliminary studies; however, basic sorts of progress are required to attain clinical use. The release amount of copper from the steel bearing of copper was find to use in bio-materials reducing in-stent rest enosis, some bacterial problem, suppressing irritant nucleus, and encouraging fasten ontogenesis. Some other, due to increased ph, the breakdown Magnesium part metals in bones may encourage the production of new bone, increase bone function density in orthopaedic-modelling animals, and had powerful antibacterial and cytotoxic effects on bone malignancy cells. The install manufactured of the given paper material will have a better application value due to its unique bio-function and satisfactory balancing load on bearing capacity for orthopaedic application. This is an appealing research and development route with numerous hurdles, but the end result will benefit the vast majority of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone glue is a protein-based adhesive made from collagen of bones. Its formation with sodium lignosulfonate leads to strong bindings necessary for its adhesive properties. Bone glue is considered as an ecological material thanks its zero production of toxic gases into air, but its biodegradation has never been studied. For this reason, there was tested biodegradation potential of pure bone glue, pure sodium lignosulfonate and their mixture on the agar test with aerial molds under defined laboratory conditions (7 days, 28 °C, in the dark) in the present study. The results indicated that all samples were affected by molds. The degree of mold presence in the samples of glue, sulfonate and their mixtures was similar, or even higher, than in the pure, sterile control agar. This may be due to the higher amount of nutrients in the tested samples compared to the control, as bone glue is a pure natural biological material and lignosulfonate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer. In every case, a presence of bone glue influenced the mold composition species, contrary to pure lignosulfonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) supported by 10 Vol.% (ZrTiAl2O7) nanoparticles gave it a code (ZTAO) in range (40 – 80) nm. The synthesis of nanocomposite specimens in terms of the volume fraction change of nano hydroxyapatite (NHA) (0,1,3,5,7,9) Vol% was carried out through technological processes to obtain the [NHA/(ZTAO)-PMMA] nanocomposites. Disc-on-disc method was adopted for wear and friction coefficients calculations according to standard conditions, by using a smooth steel disc 1045 that rotates at a speed of (120) rpm with a diameter of (4cm) as a counter face with a continuous load of 90 N for one hour. Hardness and density were used to help discuss the results. The biological tests, include the examination of the specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF) mixed with plasma riches palette (PRP). The specimens were placed and immersed in (SBF and PRP) for 60 days. The results showed that the coefficients of friction (μ) and wear (K) were improved with elevating the volume fraction of (NHA) which reached (μ=0.0781781) and (K=0.2698059×10−7). It can be concluded from the results that the [NHA/(ZTAO)-PMMA] nanocomposites were suitable as rebuild articular cartilage as well as orthopedic and prosthetic biomaterials in medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bumblebees are important pollinators, that are declining rapidly in number and need urgent protection. Visual cues are extremely important for bumblebee activities and survival so a full understanding of the micro-and nano-structure of their eyes will help us to better understand their vision and how it is affected by rapid habitat changes. Here, we present the first report on imaging of 3D structures with sub-100 nm resolution of an unstained bumblebee compound eye using X-ray holographic tomography. This study demonstrates the potential of using X-ray nano-tomography for bulk samples for zoological studies on insects. Compared to the other commonly used methods, such as TEM and FIB-SEM, X-ray nanoCT is non-destructive and relatively fast, and has the potential for providing a better understanding of a broad range of biological materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials are fundamental part of any nano-formulation as an excipient that can act as a modified drug release stabilizer and a carrier. In the nano-structuring of a transporter in many diseases such as HIV, cancer, etc., several proteins have been used. Recently, nano-engineering proteins were used to form nanocarriers in cancer for targeting purposes and release rate modifications. Nano-engineered protein-based biomaterials have the greatest offers, leading to improved performance for drug administration than traditional biomaterials. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy target specificity, multiple scaffolds forming abilities, and synergistic action with the drug moiety make the biomaterials an eminent candidate to develop nano-formulation. In nano-engineering, the biomaterials, along with drug and suitable excipients combined in nano-sized particles in such a way that they can produce maximum therapeutic efficacy with minimum side effects in the specific target site of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials are the substances that can interact with any biological systems for medicinal purposes owing to their unique structural and mechanical properties. These are either obtained directly from nature or synthesized in laboratories through various chemical approaches. Because of the extensive durability of biomaterials, and marginal need of replacement, these materials are generally used in the form of implants, wound healers, antimicrobial mediators etc. The key target of biomaterial research is to find out the suitable amalgamation of physical as well as chemical features matched with tissues substituted in the host. In present times there is a huge demand of biomaterials because of their increasing usage in bio medicinal devices. Various substances including metals, polymers, ceramics etc. were examined as biomaterials because these materials bear exceptional biocompatibility as well as bioactivity. In this regard, the current review focuses mainly on basic concepts and classifications of biomaterials. Moreover, this paper elucidates various properties along with some diverse applications of biomaterials in various sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane, already in use in applications of biomaterials as a whole or a part of a bio-implant systems. This study is focusing on preparing a base polymer composite using Hand Lay-Up method, also, the effect of Rennie filler weight fractions (3, 6, 9, 12, 15) % wt of (Rennie is a pharmaceutical product composed mainly of CaCO3 on some mechanical and physical properties of the prepared composite. Tests were achieved at room temperature. The maximum (tensile strength, compression strength, impact energy, hardness, and water absorption) values were 21.5 MPa, 50 MPa, o.305 J, 74.3 Shor D, and 0.4365 % respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 24th edition of the Yugoslav Conference on Materials (YUCOMAT) organized annually by the Materials Research Society of Serbia (MRS-Serbia) was held in Herceg Novi, Montenegro, from 4 September to 8 September 2023. The conference attracted 212 participants and nearly 200 presenters, 17 of which were plenary speakers, while the rest were assigned regular oral or poster presentations. The participants came from over 20 different countries of the world, the most represented among which were Serbia, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, United States, Montenegro, Lithuania, Italy, Republic of Korea, Romania, Germany, and China. Outside of the five plenary sessions at YUCOMAT and a special session dedicated to MXenes, the conference was divided to five symposia: (i) advanced methods in synthesis and processing of materials; (ii) advanced materials for high-technology applications; (iii) nanostructured materials; (iv) eco-materials and eco-technologies; and (v) biomaterials. In this report, a member of the International Advisory Board of MRS-Serbia gives a digest of the conference, alongside providing a few historical remarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing is widely touted as a game changer in medicine and surgery, paving the way for point-of-care production of personalised medical devices. Nonetheless, to date, most reported applications of 3D printing in healthcare are restricted to specific scenarios in a few surgical disciplines, and little research exists on how 3D printing can be deployed more systematically beyond pioneer surgical departments. To understand the potential for 3D printing at a hospital level, we report the results of an interview study in a French general hospital. We analyse the current use of 3D printing and estimate the potential for new applications. We explore what share of these applications could be internalised, and what would be the organisational implications and the key success factors for an internal 3D printing unit. We find a large untapped potential for internal production of 3D printed products, spanning a much broader range of applications and hospital departments than what currently exists in the hospital. We then discuss important criteria to develop in-house 3D printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice-led research focuses on how agro-waste can be used to build a structure, gather relevant knowledge, and identify its various challenges. Based on the compressive strength of Bio-Bricks, it was decided to use a frame structure, and instead of using Bio-Bricks as a modular unit, the material used was cast in situ with the help of a specially designed mould. The roofing of the structure was also built using Bio-Bricks material over an MS frame. The prototype was plastered with cement mortar and finished with two coats of distemper paint. After the completion of the prototype structure, comprehensive documentation was done to analyse the data generated from the process to identify the desired improvements. A secondary study of sustainable building materials was done to understand the comparative strength and weaknesses of Bio-Bricks as construction materials. Based on the work done at different stages of construction, detailed lists of findings and inferences were drawn to improve the overall manufacturing process. The research project findings will help guide the future development of Bio-Bricks as a commercial building material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home hand rehabilitation for stroke is becoming increasingly important due to logistic and financial challenges. Developing Daily-life Integrated Hand-rehabilitation Products (DIHP) aims to enable the application of at-home rehabilitation. The materials of these products are essential for their success, however, selecting materials for DIHP has not been investigated yet. Previous research on material selection showed that it is done strictly on material properties or based on a human-centered approach. Hence, in this study, we propose a hybrid model for choosing materials for DIHP. To achieve this, we first combined the findings of previous material selection processes into a comprehensive material selection model. We applied this model in a case study, in which we first selected three materials based on their properties. Following, we 3d printed a DIHP out of the chosen materials and tested the feeling of the materials with multiple expert groups. Our findings suggest that the proposed material selection method is promising and highlights that our comprehensive model provides more insights when compared to a strict material property-based selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its high strength, stiffness, and biocompatibility, titanium alloys are employed in biomedical applications, although their wear resistance is still inadequate. Porous TiNi structures have a lower elastic modulus and density than dense TiNi structures, but they have sufficient shape memory characteristics, making them suitable for power absorption, lightweight, and biomedical implants. This study investigates the porous Ti-Ni Shape memory alloys (SMAs) tribological behavior for sustainable biomaterial's purposes. The ball-on-disk wear approach with a stainless-steel counter ball was conducted at different speeds times and applied loads to reveal the surface degradation of the Ti-Ni SMAs. The experimental procedure was designed via the Taguchi approach as a design of experimental (DoE) model. The wear mechanisms were inspected according to the wear loss, friction temperature, and worn surface feature. The results revealed that the wear rate and ball depth increased as the speed, time, and applied loads increased. However, the friction temperatures fluctuated according to the wear testing parameters due to the same percentage of the surface samples' surface porosity presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical biomaterials have their place in the context of developing novel material systems particularly in the framework of sustainability. The key to their development is in controlling their assembly into hierarchical orders at various lengthscales. Thus, flow can be an asset in e.g. controlling orientation, however, resolving the hierarchical orientation dynamics of such systems remains a challenge. We focus here mainly on cellulose nanocrystals water-based suspensions, however, the outline is representative of numerous nanostructured fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling and simulation features are absolutely essential in biomechanics and biomaterial technology, with applications ranging from rigid body dynamics to musculoskeletal modelling of locomotion, limb movement, and motor control to assess deformations and stresses in joints and tissue for medical device advancement. The purpose of this study was to have the finite element method to characterize the mechanical properties of an animal skin specimen collection, namely a goat skin. The temperature gradient between 33°C and 36°C is one of the most critical elements determining skin elasticity. Raw mechanical data, specimen dimension, and node detection were all added to the operation using a pre-processor. The next step was to visualize the specimen's mechanical properties using ANSYS software. Finally, after the external load was applied, post-processing would be used to display the displacement results and stress-strain behavior. Overall, the accuracy of the displacement is determined by the precision of the nodes and meshing element. A minimal research recommendation was made on the skin tissue specimen using computational software. The development of computational software analysis on animal or human skin, on the other hand, will excite the contribution to reducing donor dependency in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of the state of the legislation in the field of transportation of biomaterials, a conclusion is drawn about its fragmented nature and it is proposed to form legal provisions that ensure the harmonization of the rules for the transportation and carriage of biomaterials and consolidate the specifics of the transportation of biological goods. The conditions for the application of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the corresponding charters and codes to the transportation of biomaterials shall be determined. The relationship between the concepts of 'transportation' and 'carriage' of cargo shall be established, and in relation to biomaterials it shall be proposed to legally distinguish between them. The place of the norms on the transportation of biomaterials in the system of their legal regime shall be revealed and the necessity of legal consolidation of the system of interrelated agreements that ensure the circulation of biomaterials as information carriers shall be substantiated. The features of the subjects of the contract for the biomaterials carriage shall be characterized, the role of SNIPs and special acts in the establishment of auxiliary actions of an organizational nature and additional obligations of the participants in the carriage shall be outlined, measures shall be determined to strengthen control during the biomaterials carriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper biological material used during edible film fabrication contributes to physical and mechanical properties. Therefore, compatibility between materials used should be more pay attention. Our main objective is to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of gluten and canola oil added into carrageenan/gelatine-based edible film on the mechanical and physical qualities. Edible films were prepared according to complete factorial design with three levels of gluten (no gluten, 5 g, 15 g) and canola oil concentration (no canola oil, 20%, 40%). Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water-soluble, thickness, tensile strength, and percent elongation were evaluated in this work. The results revealed that modifying the gluten and canola oil caused changes in the film's physical and mechanical qualities. The interaction between gluten and canola oil also resulted in a considerable water vapor transmission rate, thickness, water-soluble, and tensile strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physically and geometrically nonlinear statement of the consolidation problem was elaborated in terms of the rate of solid phase displacement and the rate of pore pressure change in both differential and variation forms. The finite element method was used for the numerical implementation of the variational equations. The developed nonlinear coupled consolidation model was applied to simulate hyperelastic deformation of water-saturated rubber and biological material saturated with blood or plasma as well as elastoplastic deformation of water-saturated soil. The calculations were carried out in our own program code. The influence of porosity and permeability variations during the deformation process on pore pressure was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is a condition where the air is polluted by chemicals, substances or particles of a negative nature or other biological materials that are harmful to humans or other living things. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that air pollution is the world's largest risk factor for health disorders, with approximately 6.5 million people dying each year from exposure to air pollution. This research is intended to minimize air pollution using route selection that can reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles or the so-called Truck Routing Problem. The supporting model of the formation of this model was developed from the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), and there is also a Travelling Thief Problem (TTP). Effective and efficient location determination can minimize fuel consumption that is observed from vehicle load and speed. The results showed a reduction in fuel consumption by paying attention to the load carried on each trip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic materials have been widely used in the field of biomedical industry such as dental and orthopedic implants owing to high tensile strength, fatigue strength, and fracture toughness. Many materials are used as biomaterial includes Ti alloys, Co alloys, Mg alloys, and 316L SS. To reduce the cost of surgery, SS 316L is the most widely used biomaterial because of its low cost, excellent mechanical properties, superior corrosion resistance, and chemically stable in the environment. The main disadvantage of the material is to release toxic ions in the body fluid environment like chromium, nickel, and iron. To overcome the problem, hydroxyapatite coating over the metallic implant provides better bioactivity, osteocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. This layer is used to prevent further passing of ions from the biomaterial and enhances the tissue growth on the bone. The present work is to focus on the synthesis of HAp from cuttlebone using a simple wet precipitation method. The surface of the SS 316L was coated with prepared HAp by electrodeposition method. The coated SS 316L was characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Functional group analysis), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (crytalline size of the particle), scanning electron microscopy (surface morphology), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (elemental composition). The electrochemical characterization technique was carried out for coated and pristine samples in SBF solution at the temperature of 370C using the cyclic voltammetric method. The anti-corrosion property of coated sample was increased when compared to the pristine sample. The antimicrobial activity of the coated and pristine sample was evaluated against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Finally, it is concluded that HAp coated SS 316L could be considered as a better candidate for biomedical application because of the improving the property SS 316L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of motion is one of the materials in biological learning that is closely related to everyday life. But in fact, there are still many students who have difficulty in learning the system of motion because in learning it is difficult to understand the term and difficulty in understanding the concept. Therefore, student learning activities need to be designed using the ASICC learning model to make it easier for students to understand concepts, increase student involvement in the learning process and be able to develop students' critical thinking processes. This research aims to look at students' critical thinking skills in motion system materials through learning activities designed using the ASICC learning model. The method used in this study is a design research type validation study consisting of three stages, namely preparing for the experiment, experiment in the classroom (pilot experiment & teacher experiment), and restrospective analysis. The subject of this study was a student of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 7 Kediri. This research instrument is in the form of biology problems, student interviews with teachers disseminated using google form and analysis of students' post test results. The data were analyzed by comparing the Hyphotetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) and what happened during the learning process. The results of this study showed that through a series of activities that have been carried out, learning design using the ASICC learning model can help students in improving the thinking skills of students with 14 students who categorized their thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymers still play an important role as scaffold materials and pharmaceutical devices. Polyphosphazene polymers show extensive growth and development in several biomedical fields because of their distinctive properties. Polyphosphazene drug delivery systems can be designed for different type of administration of drug like nanoparticles, hydrogels, and self eluting system and polyelectrolyte complexes. For the development of a wide range of material, macromolecular substitution of polyphosphazene are done in order to get various biocompatible materials. These materials can be mixed with different appropriate polymers to form a new material range. Therefore, polyphosphazene are one of the futuristic drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly organized three-dimensional (3D) network of proteins and biomolecules essential for all tissue types. Many biomimetic matrices have been developed using protein compositions of the ECM to emulate the native ECM of the tissue. Biomaterials composed of ECM can be prepared by processes that involve the decellularization of tissues and organs. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches are applied in combination to lyses the cells, followed by extensive washing procedures to remove cellular components. Decellularization and sterilization of the decellularized ECM (dECM) are highly effective in obtaining a biomaterial with the desired properties for the targeted clinical application. dECM-based biomaterials encompass mixtures of various biomolecules that regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans (PGs), glycoproteins, and structural proteins (i.e., collagens). Therefore, the selected decellularization and sterilization methods should have a minimal negative impact on the biochemical and morphological composition and mechanical properties of the dECM. This study presents an overview of decellularization methods and their effects on ECM structure and composition along with a PEST (political, economic, social, and technological factors) analysis that reveals the status of the dECM-based biomaterials in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on the polycaprolactone (PCL)-based meniscus biomaterials involved in meniscal repair and regeneration. Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a well-known polymer that has attracted enormous attention from both the research community and industry due to its biocompatibility, structural stability, and capacity to form blends with many other polymers. The progress made in meniscal tissue engineering and PCL-based biomaterials allowed several meniscal substitutes with extracellular matrix materials (ECM), natural materials, synthetic or hybrids. The present manuscript aims to review the scientific evidence to understand the current state of research in this particular field and to identify the trends at the PCL-based meniscal scaffolds. The literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, ACM Digital Library and Medline databases was undertaken to identify all studies that reported PCL based meniscal scaffold regeneration. Twenty nine were included in the present analysis 20 cases of meniscal scaffolds were used with cells to stimulate tissue regeneration further. The majority of the trials showed that PCL-based hybrid biocomposites and bio-engineered scaffolds on enhancing cell attachment and proliferation, conferring chondroprotective properties. Finally, we review the latest and promising advances associated, bioprinted and electrospun meniscal implants and the drive toward more functional boinks, hybrid, and natural biocomposites with the overall goal of achieving a patient-specific meniscal implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our measurements were made on one sample of insulation and five samples of wood. Initially, the samples were moistened in distilled water, until the mass of each sample remained constant and reached a degree of saturation. The samples were then dried to constant mass. During the drying process, the mass of the samples was continuously determined. We found that the duration of the drying process is significantly dependent on the structural characteristics of biological material. During the drying, nonlinear time dependences for mass, moisture content dry basis, and moisture ratio of the samples were identified. These dependences can be best described by a polynomial function of the third degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of locking activity on the mechanical and morphological properties of hemp and flax-based blended natural composites has been investigated. NaOH treatments were used to expand interfacial exchanges among the matrix and filament. The filaments were pre-treated with a 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours to reduce hydrophilic hydroxyl fraction and contamination from the cellulose fiber, as well as to increase the linkage and compatibility of natural fiber to the polymer matrix. Exterior fiber alterations have been discovered to be very effective at civilizing the fiber-matrix linkage. Mechanical and microstructural studies were carried out, and the results were compared to the properties of raw and pretreated fibers. As a result, pretreated fibers exhibit improved mechanical and morphological properties. The 4-hour alkaline treatment resulted in the greatest improvement in mechanical properties. SEM was used to investigate the morphological properties of hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eggshells are household waste that in large quantities can harm the environment. The very high content of Calcium Carbonate 90% is the main component of the composition of eggshells. This study aims to identify the manufacture of dental biomaterials; toothpaste. The eggshell was calcinated with the sintering temperatures of 350, 500, 600, and 900 ℃ for 10 minutes and reacted with Hydroxy o-phosphate. From the spectrum results obtained, the best hydroxyapatite was at a sintering temperature of 900 ℃. The samples were compared to the addition of NaOH and the control variables. The additive fortification was carried out in preparations including glycerin, baking soda, and betel leaf extract for antimicrobials. The tested pH was the best in the range of 4.5-10.5. From the results obtained the best is sample 10 where the pH is neutral 7 organoleptic appearance was semi-solid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing number of traumas across the globe, the clinical application of metallic implants will always be extensive owing to their desirable mechanical properties. Though, most of the metallic implants are bioinert in nature, they lack characteristic properties to mimic human bone. These properties can be attained by modifying the surface attributes of these metallic implants. Researchers over the years have tried to improve the surface morphology of these implants by incorporating various biomaterial coatings. Most commonly used biomaterial coatings include calcium phosphates-majorly hydroxyapatite (HAp) based composite coatings, glass coatings, metal alloys and biopolymers. These surface coatings result in improved biocompatibility, desired antimicrobial properties, anti-corrosion properties, anti-wear properties as well as osseointegration characteristics, thus leading to enhanced biofunctionality of metallic implants. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of different biomaterial coatings and their corresponding in-vitro and in-vivo validation for improved biofunctionality, by taking into account the aforesaid properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of biological materials in everyday design is gaining traction and designers are encouraged to employ biological systems through biodesign and biophilia. However, there is a deficiency in the understanding of potential consumers' perceptions. This paper compares the perception of non-designers as well as designers towards design-embedded bio-materials. Data was collected from 234 respondents using an online survey. The findings were gathered by evaluating perception in terms of desirability, practicality, aesthetically, and familiarity with living and non-living biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a natural sunscreen agent was prepared using lignin from an organosolv extraction process. The organosolv lignin solution was prepared by mixing coconut coir with 50 wt % of ethanol at the boiling point under reflux. The effect of lignin concentration (500 ppm to 1500 ppm with an interval of 100 ppm) on the UV absorbance value was observed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry at UV-C ranges (200-290 nm), UV-B ranges (290-320 nm), and UV-A ranges (320-400 nm). The results showed that the UV absorbance value was increased by the increase in lignin concentration. All the various concentrations of organosolv lignin can absorb UV-B and UV-C perfectly. However, for UV-A, the lignin concentration should be above 1000 ppm to be able to absorb UV-A. Therefore, the organosolv lignin had the potential to be explored for sunscreen application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest management and forest operations planning are complex topics requiring a holistic approach combining knowledge of the domain, optimization and simulation approaches, weather forecasting models, and state-of-the-art technology. Our research focuses on valuing biomass through more efficient management of its operations. Removing forest residues from piles is essential to mitigate fire risk. On the other hand, it is a way of valuing a by-product which can be used for heating, energy production, and even the production of biomaterials. There is significant variability in the availability of forest residues, biomass demand, and the productivity of operations, particularly in the forest-tobioenergy supply chain. This work proposes a simulation framework to support the decision-making by combining plans generated by a resource allocation model with the analysis of a set of disruptive scenarios generated by discrete event simulation. The model addresses uncertainty in demand and variability in supply, resulting from fires. The obtained results provide essential managerial insights for the case study of a biomass supplier in the central region of Portugal and offer prescriptive recommendations to increase the efficiency and robustness of this chain in response to uncertainty. An extension of the methodology to other sectors appears, therefore, quite promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a preface to the International Conference on Advancement in Design, Development, Engineering, Processing, and Characterization - 2021 (ADDEPC 2021). The conference aimed to bring together engineers from various disciplines to explore advances in engineering and technology. Due to the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic, the conference was held online and was successful in facilitating a dynamic exchange of ideas. The document also mentions the research areas covered in the conference, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, optoelectronic materials, and more. The organizers express gratitude to the participants and coordinators for their contributions and adaptability during the challenging circumstances. [Extracted from the article]

The document is a preface to the 7th Biomedical Engineering's Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices conference. The Research Center for Biomedical Engineering at Universitas Indonesia partnered with the Asian Federation of Biotechnology to organize the event, which took place in Bali, Indonesia in October 2023. The conference covered a wide range of topics in biotechnology and biomedical engineering, with a focus on "Biotech for Stronger Recovery." The preface expresses gratitude to the contributors and looks forward to future collaboration. [Extracted from the article]

Including sustainability criteria for making decisions in project management poses challenges in the areas of bioenergy, biotherapeutics, and biomaterials. This is mainly due to chemical heterogeneity of bio-based materials, techno economic feasibility, and triple constraint of time, cost, and product quality. However, bio-based technologies create opportunities as sustainable processes because they involve upvaluation of locally available renewable and biodegradable materials. This work was conducted to identify challenges and opportunities in incorporating project management tools in bioproduct development with the goal of integrating measurable sustainability criteria scores in decision-making. The scores or metrics from these tools can be used by project managers for decision-making in engineering process scale-up, evaluation of social impact, and commercialization of processing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical fibers that can sustain large elastic deformations are promising building blocks in soft robotics, medical and wearable devices, and advanced textiles. Thus far, however, the fabrication methods developed for soft optical fibers have remained unmatured. Here, we present thermal drawing as a materials and processing platform to fabricate 10s of meters-long soft, multi-material optical fibers with intriguing architectures. It offers unprecedented opportunities to realize step-index soft optical fibers, as well as photonic crystal fibers for transmission, reflection, and sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic printing inks are special chromogenic inks that change their color by exposure at a certain temperature, which is usually called the activation temperature (TA). The color change can be irreversible or reversible. The property of irreversible color change in relation to temperature exposure over time, allows the development of numerous indicators. As such, they can be used to monitor the storage and transportation of temperature-sensitive products, such as refrigerated and frozen foods, drugs, temperature-sensitive chemicals, or biological materials, etc. Since the ink formulation is an important factor in the deinking process, the aim of this research is to determine the recycling efficiency of irreversible thermochromic prints. Thermochromic inks differ from conventional printing inks in formulation and pigment size due to the presence of microcapsules that are much larger than conventional pigment particles. For this study, two irreversible thermochromic printing inks are printed by screen printing in full tone, on one printing substrate. To explain the behavior of these inks in the recycling process, the hydrophobicity of the sample surface was examined, as one significant factor in the flotation process using the contact angle of water. Recycling of prints was carried out in laboratory conditions, by chemical deinking flotation in alkaline conditions. Sheets were made for each sample before and after flotation. Optical properties of the recycled samples show that these inks are difficult to recycle. The deinking flotation method is not entirely the best method for recycling of irreversible thermochromic inks because slight differences in the optical properties of the laboratory paper samples before and after flotation are achieved. Future research should go in the direction of new techniques such as adsorption and enzymatic deinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new coronavirus named "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)" cause "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" in humans. That was declared an "international public health emergency" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. WHO has defined the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic due to severity of the disease. By August 2021, the number of diagnosed cases reached 215 million and unfortunately the death toll exceeded 4.5 million. Significant progress has been seen in developing vaccine for this disease. Absence of a proven treatment and the inability to provide full immunity via the vaccine yet lead the whole world to new researches to eradicate this disease. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of biomaterials, which are among the new researches in the treatment of the disease. Biomaterials are obtained from natural or synthetic materials and the most commonly used are hydrogels, cryogels and nanoparticles. Biomaterials used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes must be designed to function within biological systems. Hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering tend to be hydrophilic and biocompatible. As a macro porous network, cryogels can be used for many biological applications, including tissue engineering and bioseparation. Like liposomes, NPs are important biomaterials in modern medicine; clinically, it can be used as a nano carrier for drug and gene delivery. In the fight against the global pandemic, the use of biomaterials can be an important savior in designing COVID-19 infection models, diagnosing the disease, improving existing drug delivery, developing new antiviral approaches, and enhancing vaccine efficacy. In this universal pandemic, global preparedness and scientific cooperation are imperative. Multidisciplinary strategies related biomaterials are expected to play an important role in COVID-19 disease detection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of nanofibers is a field of research attracting a lot of interest from technologici scientists because of its great applications in many fields. In order to design the polymer drug delivery system, we had to select a polymer that is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and approved for medical use. One of the polymers that fulfill those requirements is poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). There have been various reports on the fabrication of PVA nanofibers with solvents as water, or water with different salts, water with boric acid or dimethylformamide. However, all chemicals used above are not preferred options for the design of drug-containing nanofiber systems. Solvents chosen for use in our systems are non-toxic, volatile, inexpensive, and minimizes residue of chemicals during and after electrospinning. Therefore, acetic acid and ethanol are the two co-solvents which have been investigated in this study. We have investigated the PVA ratio, the effect of solvents including deionized water, acetic acid, ethanol and their mixture on the PVA nanofibers formation by electrospinning method. We have successfully fabricated PVA nanofibers with polymer content equal to 12%, CH3COOH 30%, the rest was deionized water. The sizes of these fibers were from 279 to 631 nm, the mean was 349 nm and the median was 343 nm. We found that an aqueous solution of acetic acid is very favorable for electrospun PVA fibers. Compared to the fabrication of nanofibers from aqueous PVA aqueous solution, the addition of acetic acid generally reduced the fiber diameter, and the fiber size distribution become more concentrated. However too high acid concentration inhibits fibers formation. Ethanol added to the solvent system was not favorable for the fabrication of nanofibers from PVA. Research on PVA nanofibers is the first step that provides data and basis for our future studies, that is to combine PVA with various biopolymers and then incorporate the drugs into the polymer matrix formed to serve the purpose of fabricating of drug nanofiber systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - dr. Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto, M.Biomed, Ph.D (Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia) - Dr. Ir. Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih, M.T. (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Rizal, S.Si., M.Biotech., M.Sc. (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Dr. dr. Robiatul Adawiyah, M.Biomed. Ir. Misri Gozan, M.Tech.IPM (Director of RCBE, Faculty of Engineering Universitas) - Dr. Yudan Whulanza, S.T., M.Sc (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Dr. Basari, S.T., M.Eng (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Dr. Ir. Tomy Abuzairi, S.T., M.Sc., M.T., Ph.D (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Prof. Dr. dr. Budi Wiweko, Sp.OG(K), MPH (Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia) - Prof. Dr. dr. Ismail HD, SpOT (K) (Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia) - drg. (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Fairuz Nawfal Hamid, S.T., M.T. (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) Layout Editors: - Nurul Intan, S.Si (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) - Siti Hanafiah (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia) 010002-5 AIP Conference Proceedings is copyrighted by AIP Publishing LLC (AIP). [Extracted from the article]

In biomaterial science, different forms of healing patch were invented on the current market to minimize wound area infections. The healing patch may also be known as a temporary covering for wounds. The general requirement of wound dressing are optimum absorption rate, healing time reduction and fitted with an antibacterial agent. The additional parameters for this project are mechanical properties. A balanced composition of the new wound-healing material between basic mechanical and biomechanical properties is difficult to find. Thus, if it posed as a potential healing patch, the reach centered more on the essential mechanical and biomechanical properties of the natural biopolymer. The technique that emphasizes the estimation of models of hyper elastic material to match with the experimental data. This work was therefore introduced with the comparison of the material to separate the samples into three groups. Second, the three sample sets are subjected to a uniaxial tensile test to obtain raw mechanical data. The theory of large-scale deformation based on hyperelastic constitutive equations and Stress-Strain Energy Theory was established for numerical phases. Finally, the curve fit between the experimental results, the hyperelastic models Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin were compiled. Most of the curve fit that was presented followed the patterns but due to different material composition or polymer bonding, there are minor variations. The best texture to pose as an artificial skin or healing patch is set B based on the three sample sets (Set A, Set B, Set C). Set B samples consist of gelatine, glycerin, distilled water, and aloe vera. The highest material constants obtained for the Ogden hyperelastic model were α=1.8792 µ=0.1881 MPa from Set B with a tensile speed of 500 mm / min respectively. Mooney-Rivlin's highest content constants obtained were C1=0.0746 C2=0.1294 from Set C, respectively at a tensile speed of 500 mm/min. The Ogden model is the correct guide for the development of healing patches, based on curve fitting figures. Overall, the acceptable composition of the healing patch was established, the differences in parameters between hyperelastic models were measured, and the effect of the basic mechanical and biomechanical properties were explained. The misuse of animal or human skin for experimental artificial skin purposes could be reduced as a matter of meaning. In addition, in the medical field, the latest technologies for biodegradable and renewable patch healing sources could be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]