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Low performance and pollution resulting from incomplete combustion represent a significant drawback of internal combustion engines. To improve this to a possible extent, diesel is blended with additives. While these additives individually offer one or two advantageous outcomes, providing composite additives comprising various components will be the effective solution to collectively provide all the beneficial effects. This paper intents to formulate a new blend of comprising oxygenates and ethanol for suppressing the knock and enhancing the efficiency without exhibiting any detrimental effects on the engine. This mixture includes one oxygenate (ethanol) and one antiknock agent (toluene), (Ethylenediamine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots are renewable carbon nanomaterials whose role can replace toxic metal-based semiconductor quantum dots. Its high photoluminescence properties and low toxicity make carbon dots widely used in various fields of application. This study aims to utilize molasses as a carbon source and ethylenediamine as a surface passive agent that can improve the optical properties of carbon dots. Carbon dots synthesis was carried out using the microwave method with a power of 1100 watts for 20 minutes, centrifuged at 4500 rpm, and dialyzed for 24 hours. The optical properties of carbon dots were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer resulting in 1 absorption peak at a wavelength of 282 nm and photoluminescence characterization showed an increase in the intensity of the fluorescence peak from 800 a.u to 8500 a.u after the addition of passivation agent. The functional group analysis of the carbon dots was evidenced by the FT-IR characterization which showed the presence of a C=C group which indicated the core constituents and the presence of O-H, C=O, and C-O-C groups which constituted the surface state at the carbon dots and there was a C-N group which indicated that ethylenediamine was successful Passivated on the surface of the carbon dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced graphene-oxide (RGO) was developed by us. Which demonstrates how well the visual band gap and electrical conductivity (RGO) might well be controlled. The photoconductivity and band gap of the produced product, reduced graphene oxide-Cu2SnS3 G-, are described (CTS). G-CTS was synthesised using a simple hydrothermal approach that should significantly convolute all sample solution. The use of the strong oxidizing agent ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (G-CTS (E)) during the synthesis of G-GTS and reduced graphene –oxide- Cu2SnS2 confirms the derivation of G-GTS and reduced graphene –oxide- Cu2SnS2. The creation of a cubic CTS structure is revealed by X-ray diffraction. Microbar and nanorod morphologies are imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). G-CTS and G-CTS (E) band gaps have been determined. G-CTS and G-CTS (E) are suitable for photovoltaic applications. According to a photoconductivity study, G-CTS (E) generates 70% more current than G-CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, transition metal sulphides, in particular ZnS have been intensively studied because of its unique Catalytic functions. These studies have revealed that ZnS nanocrystal are good photo catalysts due to rapid generation of electron –hole pair by photo-excitation. By adding surfactant in synthesis of ZnS, it has been observed that there is phase transition occurs from cubic to wurtzite. In the present work, ZnS is prepared by hydrothermal process using Ethylene diamine as surfactant.Prepared sample were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), XPS, UV/VIS spectra were recorded for evaluation of photo physical properties. The photo activity of prepared ZnS with surfactant was accessed by photo catalytic decomposition of industrial waste under UV irradiation. Under the same condition photocatalytic activity of ZnS without surfactant was also examined. The ZnS with surfactant shows higher catalytic activity compare to ZnS without surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here ZnO:CuO nanocomposites have been prepared by adopting chemical precipitation method. The sample preparation was carried out using EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid) as chemical capping agent and Tulsi extract (Ocimum Tenuiflorum) as biological capping agent. The carbonate precursors obtained were decomposed on the basis of TGA result to get ZnO:CuO nanocomposites. The stochiometry of the samples was analyzed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy. The antimicrobial activities of both biologically and chemically synthesized ZnO:CuO nanocomposites were tested on various bacterial and fungal stains. The result shows enhanced antibacterial and antifungal ability of biologically synthesized ZnO:CuO nanocomposite as compared to chemically synthesized sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azomethine compounds are one group of compounds that play a biologically important role as antioxidants. Azomethine compounds have a group (>C=N-) from the condensation reaction between the carbonyl group of the aldehyde or ketone and the nucleophilic primary amine through an addition-elimination reaction. The presence of a substituent such as a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an azomethine is reported to affect antioxidant activity. The purposes of this study were to synthesize hydroxylated azomethine derivative compounds including N,N’-Bis(2-hydroxy benzylidene) ethylenediamine from salicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine and N,N’-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzylidene) ethylenediamine from vanillin and ethylenediamine, and synthesize azomethine compound N,N’- Bis(benzylidene) ethylenediamine as a comparison. The antioxidant activity of three azomethine derivatives was tested using DPPH method. The results were hydroxylated azomethine derivative compounds. N,N’-Bis(2-hydroxy benzylidene) ethylenediamine was obtained as a yellow solid with a yield of 87.04% and a melting point of 125.6-127.5 °C. N,N’-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)ethylenediamine was obtained as a light brown solid with a yield of 70.045% and a melting point of 220.2-222.1 °C. N,N’-Bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine was obtained as an orange solid with a yield of 34.83% and melting point 110.2-111.4 °C. The antioxidant activity test results show IC50 values for the three azomethine derivatives of N,N’-Bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene) ethylenediamine, N,N’-Bis (benzylidene)ethylenediamine and N,N’-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) ethylenediamine were 130.573 ppm, 187.66 ppm and 235.164 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the use of polymers is a growth necessity in several areas, particularly, medicine, chemical, and food industries, because of their characteristics such as their low cost, light weight and excellent chemical stability. Polysulfone (PSU) is one of the technical polymer classes with high thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stability; in addition, it is inert and resistant to chemical degradation. For all these excellent properties it is adopted as a support for the development of polymer membranes, used to treat polluted industrial discharges. In the present work, we have studied the effect of the average mass (Mw) of the PSU polymer support on the evolution of Cr(VI) ions extraction processes. Indeed, to develop our membranes, we adopted the same polysulfone polymer (PSU) with the following three average masses Mw: 35.000, 26.000 and 22.000 g/mole and the same extractive agent Ethylene diamine tetra acetic (EDTA). Elaborated membranes were characterized, using TFIR spectroscopic technique which confirms the integration of EDTA agent into the polymer matrix, whereas SEM technique made it possible to characterize the morphology and the porosity of these membranes. Obtained membranes were adopted to carry out several oriented processes relating to extraction and elimination of Cr(VI) ions, in order to study the influence of several factors (Mw polymer support average mass, C0 initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions substrate, and temperature factor) on the evolution of macroscopic (initial flux J0, permeability P) and microscopic (association constant Kass and apparent coefficient diffusion D*) parameters, as well as the determination of activation parameters (Energy Ea, entropy ΔS♯ and enthalpy ΔH♯). The analysis of all results indicates a clear influence of the size PSU polymer strings on the characteristics of synthesized membranes and the evolution of all parameters. When the Mw weight average mass of the PSU polymer decreases the membrane performance becomes better [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In searching of an alternative organic compound for corrosion inhibitor, ethylenediamine-derived imidazoline was successfully synthesized by reacting ethylenediamine (EDA) with stearic acid (SA) using MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis) method with various reaction times. The optimum yield of EDA-SA imidazoline was 94.3 % at 5 min reaction time. EDA-SA imidazoline was identified using TLC and melting point analyzer. Moreover, the structure of EDA-SA imidazoline had been elucidated using UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and LC-MS/MS spectral data. This study revealed that ethylenediamine-derived imidazoline can be synthesized using MAOS method which can be used as a corrosion inhibitor towards carbon steel as further application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, transition metal sulphides, in particular ZnS have been intensively studied because of its unique Catalytic functions. These studies have revealed that ZnSnanocrystal are good photo catalysts due to rapid generation of electron–hole pair by photo-excitation. By adding surfactant in synthesis of ZnS, it has been observed that there is phase transition occurs from cubic to wurtzite. In the present work, ZnS is prepared by hydrothermal process using Ethylene diamine as surfactant. Prepared sample were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), FTIR, UV/VIS spectra were recorded for evaluation of photo physical properties. The photo activity of prepared ZnS with surfactant was accessed by photo catalytic decomposition of industrial waste under UV irradiation. Under the same condition photocatalytic activity of ZnS without surfactant was also examined. The ZnS with surfactant shows higher catalytic activity compare to ZnS without surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common way to control a wheelchair is the joystick. However, for some people the joystick control is difficult or impossible for one reason or another. For such people, other (non-traditional) control methods are being developed using methods of robotics. In this article, we consider possible non-traditional control methods that can be used to allow patients control a robotic wheelchair by themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies effect of solid precipitate building up that prevents etching of silicon in a solution of ethylenediamine and pyrocatechol. The article provides technology recommendations that allow avoiding the formation of the undesirable solid precipitate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempt to hydrothermally synthesize hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites (ZSM-5_h) through double template method has been carried out. In order to develop the structure of microporous ZSM-5 zeolite (ZSM-5_m), three different structure directing agents were used, i.e. TPAOH (t), ethylenediamine (en), and triethylenetetramine (teta), followed by dimethyl dialyl ammonium chloride acrylamide copolymer as mesopore directing agent. All samples were characterized using XRD, BET Surface Area Analyzer, and SEM. XRD pattern of ZSM-5_h/t showed the characteristic peaks of ZSM- 5 at position 2θ of 7-9° and 22-25°. Otherwise, the XRD pattern of ZSM-5_h/en and ZSM-5_h/teta showed very weak peaks, indicating that ZSM-5 were not well formed. Nitrogen adsorption of ZSM-5_h/t exhibited hysteresis loop at P/Po 0.7-0.9 indicating the presence of hierarchical mesoporous. SEM images of ZSM-5_h/t showed the characteristic of ZSM-5 which was hexagonal shape. Afterward, H/ZSM-5_h/t zeolite was prepared through ion exchange-treatment using 1 M ammonium nitrate solution, followed by calcination at 823 K to remove all ammonia and produced H/ZSM-5_h/t. This sample was further characterized using XRD and FTIR to observe its acidity. Preliminary test on H/ZSM-5_h/t as catalyst in cracking of n-hexadecane was conducted. As comparison, microporous ZSM-5_m was synthesized and tested under the same conditions to study the effect of different pore size on its activity in catalytic cracking of n-hexadecane. The result showed that ZSM-5_h/t delivered higher conversion than ZSM-5_m, 37.23 and 17.9 in % moles, respectively. It can be concluded that ZSM-5_h was more effective to be used in catalytic cracking of n-hexadecane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin coated chalcogenide thin films have different structural and chemical properties than the films obtained by traditional methods such as thermal evaporation or sputtering. The solution-based method provides lower sensitivity of glass matrix to the influence of bandgap and superbandgap light. This property is very useful for non-linear optical applications based on high transparency of these materials in infrared spectral region. Arsenic selenide spin coated thin films were obtained by chemical dissolution of bulk glasses in ethylenediamine. The influence of preparation conditions, especially the annealing temperatures at the final stage of thin films synthesis, on in-situ kinetics of photodarkening (bleaching) at various energies and intensities of UV-VIS light was studied. It was found that at certain annealing conditions only transient photoinduced effects can be obtained by eliminating metastable kinetic component. Mechanisms of the photoinduced effects are discussed based on the parameters of relaxation functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, graphene aerogel (GA) was synthesized by chemical reduction method using ethylene diamine as a reducing agent. The morphology and properties of GA were characterized by calculating apparent density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the amount of the residual bisphenol A (BPA) concentration. The analysis results showed that GA exhibited low density ranging from 4-8 mg/cm3, hydrophobicity, high porosity, and specific surface area of 1883 m2/g according to BET. The obtained GA was used as an adsorbent for BPA. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial BPA concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium time could be reached within 240 minutes. The adsorption data were well-fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of GA for BPA calculated by the Langmuir model was 185.185 mg/g at pH 7. Accordingly, GA could be considered as promising adsorbents for BPA in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to control the shape and morphology of semiconductor macro/nanocrystals is critical to applications such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photonics and nanoelectronics. Despite significant advances in controlling the shapes by thermal decomposition and solvothermal methods, rigorous shape control by low temperature and aqueous phase controlling remains challenging. Herein, a facile synthetic method based on ethylenediamine assisted precursor transformation technique has been developed for the fabrication of AgI nanocrystals. The central features of our approach are the use of ethylenediamine (en) as complexant and the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping surfactants to form Ag(en)xI precursor, which is followed by removing en to form AgI crystals. This work provides new insights into the use of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid composition as precursors for nanocrystals synthesis and offers a potential route to achieve well-defined morphology of inorganic nanostructures with uniform shape and size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novle polymer carbon dots was successfully synthesized with citric acid and ethylenediamine by a simple and cost-effective method to sensitively detect Cr (VI). This kind of carbon dots material was a novel carbon-based fluorescent polymer carbon dots which have good dispersibility, low toxicity, easy surface modification and stable optical properties. The fluorescence intensity of the polymer carbon dots is quenched by the presence of Cr (VI) with a Stern-Volmer constant of 0.436ppm (R2=0.9988). Hence this probe can be used for domestic water Cr (VI) determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insoluble fullerene-diamine adduct thin-films consisting of C60 and 1,2-diaminoethane were easily fabricated on an electrode by an alternate immersion process. Formation of the C60-diamine adduct films were confirmed using transmission absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. An inverted-type organic solar cells were fabricated by using the C60-diamine adduct film as the electron transport layer. The resultant photoelectric conversation performance of the solar cells suggested that photocurrent is generated via the photoexcitation of polythiophene. The result suggests that the present insoluble fullerene-diamine adduct films worked as buffer layer for organic thin-film solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocarboxylation of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine with CO2 to N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediacetamide was carried out. The electroreduction of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine was examine by cyclic voltammetry in the absence and presence of CO2. Then the influence of current density were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediacetamide was obtained in a good yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO) have attracted great attention because it is an important p-type semiconductor with stable narrow band gap energy (1.2 eV) [1]. It also has good photoconductive and photochemical properties, suitable for application such as gas sensors [2], solar cell [3] and catalysts [4]. Therefore, many methods have been developed to prepare CuO with various morphologies via template based sol-gel route [5], microwave-assisted synthesis [6], alcohothermal method [7], electrospinning method [8] and ultrasonic irradiation [9]. We chose the ultrasonic irradiation technique because it produces products with good homogeneity and optical properties. Karimi et al. carried out a novel sonochemistry route from copper acetate and sodium hydroxide in the presence of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol to control the dispersion and stabilization of CuO nanoparticles in the solution and look at the effects of mechanical and optical properties of the produced [10]. Similarly, in this study we controlled the growth of nuclei by employing the absorption of the triethanolamine (TEA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) onto the surface of the nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation conditions. TEA is an interesting ligand which is both a tertiary amine and a triol with a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom [11]. It is widely used in cosmetology as a pH regulator and belongs to the group of tripodal ligands [12]. Meanwhile, EDA is a colorless liquid organic compound with an ammonia-like odor basic amine. It is attractive because these compounds are employed as intermediates for various fine chemicals [13]. We used EDA as a reducing and capping agent at the same time in this reaction. In this paper, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and optical properties of nanospheres CuO with the optimum ratio of TEA to EDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cylinder test (aka cylinder expansion or Cylex test) is a standard way to measure the Gurney velocity and determine the JWL coefficients of an explosive and has been utilized by the explosives community for many years. More recently, early time shock information has been found to be useful in examining the early pressure-time history during the expansion of the cylinder. Work in the area of nanoenergetics has prompted Air Force researchers to develop a miniaturized version of the Cylex test, for materials with a sufficiently small critical diameter, to reduce the cost and quantity of material required for the test. This paper discusses the development of a half-inch diameter version of the Cylex test. A measurement systems analysis of the new miniaturized and the standard one-inch test has been performed using the liquid explosive PLX (nitromethane sensitized with ethylene diamine). The resulting velocity and displacement profiles obtained from the streak records were compared to Photo Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) measurements as well as CTH hydrocode simulations. Measurements of the Gurney value for both diameter tests were in agreement and yielded a similar level of variability of 1%-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-based lubricants are widely used in metal forming processes due to their good cooling and lubrication capabilities. In order to investigate the correlation between lubricant physico-chemical properties and tribological behaviour, this work focuses on simplified lubricants composed of ethylene diamine and fatty acids, dispersed in water. Herein, the phase behaviour of the system presents a succession of micellar, hexagonal and lamellar phases as a function of the percentage of fatty acids that can be fully characterized. The lubricating ability of these phases is investigated experimentally using an EHL tribometer that simultaneously enables contact visualization, film thickness and friction measurements in controlled kinematic conditions. It is observed that the lubricant structure determine the occurrence of a boundary film on the surfaces while entrainment speed, contact pressure and lubricant supply clearly influence its formation kinetics. The friction behaviour is also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research on the development of bioactive textile biomaterial modifications. It notes that unidirectional approach has yet to produce clinically acceptable bioactive material due to simplistic approach taken for complicated phenomenon. It is expected that individual functions of bioactive textile biomaterials will act synergistically and results in new biomaterial with infection-resistance and localized biologic activity stimulating biomaterial healing. Results reveal that hydrolyzed Dacron exposure to ethylenediamine (EDA) in amine formation, reducing the carboxylic acid content.

The article presents a study which examines the coloration properties of aminolyzed polyester and its pilling propensity. Disperse, acid, basic and reactive dyes were investigated and applied to normal polyester, hydrolyzed polyester, nylon 6, cationic dyeable polyester, acrylic and ethylenediamine (EDA) treated polyester. It mentions that EDA of aminolysis of polyester does not only improve disperse dyeing, but also builds dyeability with multiple classes of dyes. It notes that the combined affect in absorbency and tensile properties improvement also results to better performance in pilling tendency.

The article presents research which explored the use of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) in the bleaching of mixed fiber blends to enhance fiber quality. The researchers mentioned that the TAED offers effective bleaching through the production of the peracetic anion at residence times and temperatures for which peroxide would be inefficient. They used several materials in this study such as the viscose blends as well as lyocell blends. They performed different batch bleaching experiments with the use of a laboratory wash wheel.

The article discusses the results of a study that examined whether Tetra Acetyl Ethylene Diamine (TAED) can be used in combination with hydrogen peroxide to reduce chemical costs, bleaching temperature and residence time and can provide useful benefits within the textile industry. The chemistry of TAED is discussed, including reaction of one mole with two moles of perhydroxide anion to form two moles of peracetic anion and one mole of Di Acetyl Ethylene Diamine (DAED). The study showed that TAED also reacts under acidic or near neutral conditions to produce a strong oxidant believed to be peracetic acid. It is concluded that the use of TAED to activate peroxide provides a safe, flexible and effective method of bleaching textiles.

Nucleophilic dyes containing pendant amino alkyl residues have been prepared by the reaction of commercially available chloro-triazinyl reactive dyes with ethylene diamine. These dyes have been applied to polyamide fibres in the presence of a variety of specially synthesised crosslinking agents. A particularly suitable crosslinking agent, in the case of both fibres, is the tri-functional, water soluble compound, 2-chloro-4,6-di (aminophenyl-4 -β-sulphatoethylsulphone) - 1,3,5 - s - triazine (XLC). This compound, being anionic, shows a high level of uptake on nylon under acidic conditions; at the boil β-elimination occurs to give the tri-functional bisvinylsulphone - mono-chloro-triazine derivative, which rapidly crosslinks by reaction with the amino nucleophile in the dye and nucleophiles in the fibre. The vinylsulphone form of XLC also shows special promise and has been applied from a suitable dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work we have grown CuAlSe2 thin films on the fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates by using Pulse electrodeposition technique. Thin films of CuAlSe2 were co-deposited from an aqueous solution containing CuCl2, AlCl3 and SeO2 adjusted to pH=1.60. Ethylenediamine-di-hydrochloride was used as a complexing agent and films were deposited at the constant deposition potential of -650 mV using pulses of frequency 50 Hz.CuAlSe2 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) which indicate the good and reliable quality of the films. An interesting results of this work is that complexing agent plays an important role in reducing the grain size, thus all deposits were found to be in the range of 10-20 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructures of tetragonal YVO4: Pr3+ with novel 3D hierarchical architectures self-assembled nanorods were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) mediated processes. Comprehensive structural, morphological studies like X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the as-obtained products. Photoluminescence (PL) studies of YVO4: Pr3+ showed strong red emission upon UV illumination, and this implied potential application in the luminescent field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-aligned ZnSe precursor nanoribbon arrays on zinc surface were fabricated via a solvothermal method using Zn foil as Zn source, Se powder as Se source and ethylenediamine (en) as solvent. The ZnSe nanoribbon arrays can be easily obtained by heating the ZnSe precursors in N2 at 300°C for 5 hours. The as-prepared precursors as well as the annealed products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Field emission (FE) experiments on annealed sample are also carried out. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]