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U okviru doktorske disertacije ispitivano je prisustvo teških elemenata (TE) u uzorcima gradskog zemljišta i prašine i poljoprivrednom zemljištu i novootkrivenih organskih zagađujućih jedinjenja u zemljištu namenjenom za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju sa područja severne Srbije. Sadržaj novootkrivenih organskih zagađujućih jedinjenja ispitivan je u u otpadnoj i površinskoj vodi najveće reke u Srbiji, Dunavu. Dodatno, ispitana je i biodostupnost TE u uzorcima poljoprivrednog zemljišta. Takođe, praćeno je prisustvo odabranih novootkrivenih jedinjenja u uzorcima povšinske vode iz reke Dunav. Analiza TE u uzorcima prašine predstavljaju prve rezultate ovakve vrste u Srbiji kao i rezultati određivanja novootkrivenih jedinjenja u uzorcima poljoprivrednog zemljišta i površinskih i otadnih voda. Izvori emisije TE procenji su primenom statističkih tehnika. U cilju procene stepena zagađenja životne sredine korišćene su indeksi na osnovu čijih klasifikacija se može odrediti stepen zagađenosti ispitivanih lokacija. Takođe, primenom protokola razvijenog od strane Američke agencije za zaštitu životne sredine procenjen je rizik po zdravlje ljudi. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata na ispitivanim lokacijama u uzorcima ulične prašine, gradskog zemljišta i poljoprivrednog zemljišta određeno je da ne postoji značajan rizik po zdravlje stanovništva., The doctoral dissertation examined the presence of heavy elements in urban soil and dust samples, as well as the presence of TE and new emerging organic pollutants in soil intended for agricultural production from the area of northern Serbia. Additionally, the bioavailability of TE in agricultural soil samples was examined. Also, the presence of selected new emerging organic pollutants in surface water samples from the Danube River was assessed. The analysis of heavy elements in dust samples represents the first data in Serbia, as well as the results of the determination of new emerging organic pollutants in samples of agricultural soil and surface and groundwater. Sources of heavy elements were determined using statistical techniques. In order to evaluate risk assessment, pollution indices were used. Also, by applying the protocol developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, the human health risk was assessed, and based on the results obtained at the detemined locations in samples of street dust, urban land and agricultural soil, no significant risk for human health was found.

U okviru disertacije izvršena je procena stanja zemljišta i prvi put ulične prašine ispitivanjem sadržaja organohlornih jedinjenja, kao što su polihlorovani bifenili (PCB) i organohlorni pesticidi (OCP) u različitim delovima grada (školska dvorišta, stambena, industrijska i rekreativna zona) Novog Sada radi uvida u trenutno i sezonsko stanje zagađenosti životne sredine i određivanja stepena rizika po zdravlje ljudi. Specifični ciljevi doktorske disertacije su: razvoj metode ubrzane ekstrakcije pod povišenim pritiskom i na povišenoj temperaturi za jednostepenu ekstrakciju i prečišćavanje ekstrakta radi gasnohromatografske analize prisustva PCB-a i OCP-a u uzorcima zemljišta i ulične prašine. Ovakva metoda smanjuje vreme dobijanja pouzdanih rezultata analize velikog broja uzoraka, uštedu korišćenih rastvarača i zaštitu životne i radne sredine; unutrašnja „in-house“ provera kvaliteta i pouzdanost razvijene metode; analiza uzoraka zemljišta i ulične prašine u različitim delovima grada Novog Sada, radi dobijanja podataka o koncentraciji i profilu šest indikatorskih PCB-a i 18 OCP-a, njihovoj korelaciji, prostornoj i vremenskoj raspodeli. procena rizika po zdravlje ljudi, naročito dece slučajnim unošenjem čestica prašine i zemljišta i poređenje sa relevantnim podacima iz sveta, kao i odgovarajućim propisima; upotreba geografskog informacionog sistema ArcGIS 10.1 softvera radi predstavljanja rezultata o prostornoj i sezonskoj raspodeli PCB-a i OCP-a u zemljištu i uličnoj prašini i primena multivarijacione analize (analize glavnih komponenti i analize grupisanja) radi ispitivanja povezanosti između sadržaja PCB-a i OCP-a sa fizičko-hemijskim osobinama zemljišta i ulične prašine, radi razumevanja porekla ovih jedinjenja u ispitivanim matriksima. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju prve podatke, koji se odnose na matriks "prašina" kao indikator mogućeg zagađenja životne sredine organohlornim jedinjenjima u različitim delovima grada Novog Sada, Republike Srbije i zapadnog Balkana, The presence of organochlorine compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in soil and street dust samples in Novi Sad. Sixty surface soil samples and street dust samples were collected during both winter and summer season, from different types of locations: schools, recreational areas, residential and industrial zones. The specific objectives of the dissertation were: • development of a rapid, automatic method for simultaneous extraction and clean up of PCBs and OCPs in soil and street dust samples using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for gas chromatographic analysis. This method saves analyst’s time, minimizes the consumption of organic solvents and reduces their vapors into the workspace; • internal "in-house" quality control of the developed method; • to determine spatial and seasonal variation of 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urban soils of Novi Sad, Serbia. • to estimate the total lifetime carcinogenic risks (TLCR) and total noncarcinogenic hazard quotient (TnHQ for children) for PCBs and OCPs covering the exposure routes of ingestion of soil, inhalation of volatiles and particulates emitted from soil/street dust and dermal contact with soil/street dust and comparison with relevant worldwide data, as well as relevant regulations; • use of the ArcGIS 10.1 Geographic Information System software to present results of the spatial and seasonal distribution of PCBs and OCPs in soil and street dust, and • application of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) to investigate the correlation of PCBs and OCPs levels with the physicochemical properties of soil and street dust, to determine the source of these compounds in the investigated samples. The results obtained are the first reliable information on the cancer risks assessment in Serbia and the whole Western Balkan region, bridging the gap between the exist

U okviru disertacije izvršena je procena stanja zemljišta i prvi put ulične prašine ispitivanjem sadržaja organohlornih jedinjenja, kao što su polihlorovani bifenili (PCB) i organohlorni pesticidi (OCP) u različitim delovima grada (školska dvorišta, stambena, industrijska i rekreativna zona) Novog Sada radi uvida u trenutno i sezonsko stanje zagađenosti životne sredine i određivanja stepena rizika po zdravlje ljudi. Specifični ciljevi doktorske disertacije su: razvoj metode ubrzane ekstrakcije pod povišenim pritiskom i na povišenoj temperaturi za jednostepenu ekstrakciju i prečišćavanje ekstrakta radi gasnohromatografske analize prisustva PCB-a i OCP-a u uzorcima zemljišta i ulične prašine. Ovakva metoda smanjuje vreme dobijanja pouzdanih rezultata analize velikog broja uzoraka, uštedu korišćenih rastvarača i zaštitu životne i radne sredine; unutrašnja „in-house“ provera kvaliteta i pouzdanost razvijene metode; analiza uzoraka zemljišta i ulične prašine u različitim delovima grada Novog Sada, radi dobijanja podataka o koncentraciji i profilu šest indikatorskih PCB-a i 18 OCP-a, njihovoj korelaciji, prostornoj i vremenskoj raspodeli. procena rizika po zdravlje ljudi, naročito dece slučajnim unošenjem čestica prašine i zemljišta i poređenje sa relevantnim podacima iz sveta, kao i odgovarajućim propisima; upotreba geografskog informacionog sistema ArcGIS 10.1 softvera radi predstavljanja rezultata o prostornoj i sezonskoj raspodeli PCB-a i OCP-a u zemljištu i uličnoj prašini i primena multivarijacione analize (analize glavnih komponenti i analize grupisanja) radi ispitivanja povezanosti između sadržaja PCB-a i OCP-a sa fizičko-hemijskim osobinama zemljišta i ulične prašine, radi razumevanja porekla ovih jedinjenja u ispitivanim matriksima. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju prve podatke, koji se odnose na matriks "prašina" kao indikator mogućeg zagađenja životne sredine organohlornim jedinjenjima u različitim delovima grada Novog Sada, Republike Srbije i zapadnog Balkana, The presence of organochlorine compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in soil and street dust samples in Novi Sad. Sixty surface soil samples and street dust samples were collected during both winter and summer season, from different types of locations: schools, recreational areas, residential and industrial zones. The specific objectives of the dissertation were: • development of a rapid, automatic method for simultaneous extraction and clean up of PCBs and OCPs in soil and street dust samples using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for gas chromatographic analysis. This method saves analyst’s time, minimizes the consumption of organic solvents and reduces their vapors into the workspace; • internal "in-house" quality control of the developed method; • to determine spatial and seasonal variation of 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urban soils of Novi Sad, Serbia. • to estimate the total lifetime carcinogenic risks (TLCR) and total noncarcinogenic hazard quotient (TnHQ for children) for PCBs and OCPs covering the exposure routes of ingestion of soil, inhalation of volatiles and particulates emitted from soil/street dust and dermal contact with soil/street dust and comparison with relevant worldwide data, as well as relevant regulations; • use of the ArcGIS 10.1 Geographic Information System software to present results of the spatial and seasonal distribution of PCBs and OCPs in soil and street dust, and • application of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) to investigate the correlation of PCBs and OCPs levels with the physicochemical properties of soil and street dust, to determine the source of these compounds in the investigated samples. The results obtained are the first reliable information on the cancer risks assessment in Serbia and the whole Western Balkan region, bridging the gap between the exist

Reverzno-faznom tečnom hromatografijom pod visokim pritiskom primenom dva sistema rastvarača ispitano je ponašanje i hromatografska lipofilnost prirodnih stiril laktona 7-(+)- goniofufurona, 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurona, krasalaktona B i C i dvadeset njihovih novosintetizovanih derivata i analoga. U ranijim ispitivanjima pokazalo se da ova jedinjenja imaju veliki biološki potencijal jer pokazuju zapaženu citotoksičnost prema više humanih tumorskih ćelijskih linija. Hromatografsko ponašanje jedinjenja uglavnom je u skladu sa njihovom strukturom. Ustanovljene su linearne veze između hromatografskih retencionih konstanti i većine in silico parametara lipofilnosti. Primenom hemometrijske QSRR analize utvrđeni su veoma dobri multi linearni regresioni prediktivni modeli kvantitativne zavisnosti između eksperimentalno dobijene hromatografske retencione konstante, koja definiše retenciju jedinjenja u čistoj vodi i in silico molekulskih deskriptora odnosno strukture jedinjenja. Lipofilnost jedinjenja ima najveći uticaj na njihove farmakokinetičke, tj. ADME (apsorpcija, distribucija, metabolizam, eliminacija) osobine. Definisani su i statistički potvrđeni najbolji multi linearni regresioni modeli zavisnosti farmakokinetičkih parametara stiril laktona i od drugih molekulskih deskriptora. In vitro citotoksična aktivnost jedinjenja evaluirana je prema četiri nove humane maligne ćelijske linije: kancer prostate (PC3), kancer debelog creva (HT-29), melanom (Hs294T), adenokancer pluća (A549). Najaktivnije novosintetizovano jedinjenje je triciklični 4-fluorocinamatni analog, koji ispoljava nanomolarnu aktivnost (IC50 2,1 nM) prema ćelijama melanoma i aktivniji je preko 2250 puta od komercijalnog antitumorskog agensa doksorubicina (DOX). SAR analizom utvrđena je zavisnost između strukture i biološke aktivnosti jedinjenja. Molekulskim dokingom ispitana je veza stiril laktona i ciljanog proteina značajnog za kancer prostate. Jedinjenja sa visokom inhibitornom aktivnošću prema ćelijama kance, The behavior and the chromatographic lipophilicity natural styryl lactone 7-(+)- goniofufurone, 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurone, crassalactones B and C and twenty of their newly synthesized derivatives and analogs were examined using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography in the two solvent systems. In previous studies it has been shown that these compounds have great biological potential toward several human tumor cell lines. Chromatographic behavior of the compounds is generally in accordance with their structure. The relationships between the chromatographic retention constants and the majority of their in silico lipophilicity parameters are linear. The application of chemometric QSRR analysis determined very good multiple linear regression predictive models of quantitative correlation between experimentally obtained chromatographic retention constant, which determines the retention of the compound in pure water and in silico molecular descriptors, i.e. the structure of the compound. The lipophilicity of the compounds has a major influence on their pharmacokinetics, i.e. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) properties. The best multi-linear regression models depending on the pharmacokinetic parameters of styryl lactone and other molecular descriptors have been defined and statistically validated. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated according to four novel human malignant cell lines: prostate cancer (PC3), colon cancer (HT-29), melanoma (Hs294T), lung adenocarcinom (A549). The most active compound was tricyclic 4-fluorocinnamic analog, which exhibits a nanomolar activity (IC50 2,1 nM) toward melanoma cells. This compound is over 2250 times more active than commercial antitumor agent doxorubicin (DOX). SAR analysis has revealed a correlation between the structure and the biological activity of the compounds. Using the molecular docking the relationship of the styryl lactone and the target protein important for prosta

This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniques and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniques and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reverzno-faznom tečnom hromatografijom pod visokim pritiskom primenom dva sistema rastvarača ispitano je ponašanje i hromatografska lipofilnost prirodnih stiril laktona 7-(+)- goniofufurona, 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurona, krasalaktona B i C i dvadeset njihovih novosintetizovanih derivata i analoga. U ranijim ispitivanjima pokazalo se da ova jedinjenja imaju veliki biološki potencijal jer pokazuju zapaženu citotoksičnost prema više humanih tumorskih ćelijskih linija. Hromatografsko ponašanje jedinjenja uglavnom je u skladu sa njihovom strukturom. Ustanovljene su linearne veze između hromatografskih retencionih konstanti i većine in silico parametara lipofilnosti. Primenom hemometrijske QSRR analize utvrđeni su veoma dobri multi linearni regresioni prediktivni modeli kvantitativne zavisnosti između eksperimentalno dobijene hromatografske retencione konstante, koja definiše retenciju jedinjenja u čistoj vodi i in silico molekulskih deskriptora odnosno strukture jedinjenja. Lipofilnost jedinjenja ima najveći uticaj na njihove farmakokinetičke, tj. ADME (apsorpcija, distribucija, metabolizam, eliminacija) osobine. Definisani su i statistički potvrđeni najbolji multi linearni regresioni modeli zavisnosti farmakokinetičkih parametara stiril laktona i od drugih molekulskih deskriptora. In vitro citotoksična aktivnost jedinjenja evaluirana je prema četiri nove humane maligne ćelijske linije: kancer prostate (PC3), kancer debelog creva (HT-29), melanom (Hs294T), adenokancer pluća (A549). Najaktivnije novosintetizovano jedinjenje je triciklični 4-fluorocinamatni analog, koji ispoljava nanomolarnu aktivnost (IC50 2,1 nM) prema ćelijama melanoma i aktivniji je preko 2250 puta od komercijalnog antitumorskog agensa doksorubicina (DOX). SAR analizom utvrđena je zavisnost između strukture i biološke aktivnosti jedinjenja. Molekulskim dokingom ispitana je veza stiril laktona i ciljanog proteina značajnog za kancer prostate. Jedinjenja sa visokom inhibitornom aktivnošću prema ćelijama kance, The behavior and the chromatographic lipophilicity natural styryl lactone 7-(+)- goniofufurone, 7-epi-(+)-goniofufurone, crassalactones B and C and twenty of their newly synthesized derivatives and analogs were examined using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography in the two solvent systems. In previous studies it has been shown that these compounds have great biological potential toward several human tumor cell lines. Chromatographic behavior of the compounds is generally in accordance with their structure. The relationships between the chromatographic retention constants and the majority of their in silico lipophilicity parameters are linear. The application of chemometric QSRR analysis determined very good multiple linear regression predictive models of quantitative correlation between experimentally obtained chromatographic retention constant, which determines the retention of the compound in pure water and in silico molecular descriptors, i.e. the structure of the compound. The lipophilicity of the compounds has a major influence on their pharmacokinetics, i.e. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) properties. The best multi-linear regression models depending on the pharmacokinetic parameters of styryl lactone and other molecular descriptors have been defined and statistically validated. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated according to four novel human malignant cell lines: prostate cancer (PC3), colon cancer (HT-29), melanoma (Hs294T), lung adenocarcinom (A549). The most active compound was tricyclic 4-fluorocinnamic analog, which exhibits a nanomolar activity (IC50 2,1 nM) toward melanoma cells. This compound is over 2250 times more active than commercial antitumor agent doxorubicin (DOX). SAR analysis has revealed a correlation between the structure and the biological activity of the compounds. Using the molecular docking the relationship of the styryl lactone and the target protein important for prosta

This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniques and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniques and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study aims to compare three extraction techniques of four sequential element extraction steps from soil and sediment samples that were taken from the location of the Pancevo petrochemical industry (Serbia). Elements were extracted using three different techniques: conventional, microwave and ultrasound extraction. A novel procedure sum of the ranking differences (SRD) - was able to rank the techniques and elements, to see whether this method is a suitable tool to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities in element extraction techniques, provided that a proper ranking reference is available. The concentrations of the following elements Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V and Zn were determined through ICP OES. The different efficiencies and recovery values of element concentrations using each of the three extraction techniques were examined by the CRM BCR-701. By using SRD, we obtained a better separation between the different extraction techniques and steps when we rank their differences among the samples while lower separation was obtained according to analysed elements. Appling this method for ordering the elements could be useful for three purposes: (i) to find possible associations among the elements; (ii) to find possible elements that have outlier concentrations or (iii) detect differences in geochemical origin or behaviour of elements. Cross-validation of the SRD values in combination with cluster and principal component analysis revealed the same groups of extraction steps and techniques. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Barley is a desirable food ingredient, with health benefits provided by a p-glucan fibre fraction. A hull-less barley flour and flakes were incorporated into white and wholegrain wheat bread in quantities usually applied in practice. The breads were evaluated for nutritional composition and sensory properties and compared to standard products as controls. The supplemented breads were high in fibre, zinc and selenium content. It was estimated that a 300-gram daily portion of such breads could meet up to 40% of dietary recommended intakes for selenium and 70-75% of recommended daily values for beta-glucan. Regarding sensory quality, the only significant differences (p lt 0.05) were higher taste and lower volume in the white supplemented breads and lower crumb elasticity in the white bread made with barley flour. Hull-less barley can substantially contribute to an adequate intake of selenium and beta-glucan. In addition, supplemented breads were not found to pose a significant risk, with regard to excessive intakes of heavy elements (Pb, Cd, As).

Barley is a desirable food ingredient, with health benefits provided by a p-glucan fibre fraction. A hull-less barley flour and flakes were incorporated into white and wholegrain wheat bread in quantities usually applied in practice. The breads were evaluated for nutritional composition and sensory properties and compared to standard products as controls. The supplemented breads were high in fibre, zinc and selenium content. It was estimated that a 300-gram daily portion of such breads could meet up to 40% of dietary recommended intakes for selenium and 70-75% of recommended daily values for beta-glucan. Regarding sensory quality, the only significant differences (p lt 0.05) were higher taste and lower volume in the white supplemented breads and lower crumb elasticity in the white bread made with barley flour. Hull-less barley can substantially contribute to an adequate intake of selenium and beta-glucan. In addition, supplemented breads were not found to pose a significant risk, with regard to excessive intakes of heavy elements (Pb, Cd, As).

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels.

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels.

Prisustvo organskih zagađujućih supstanci (farmaceutski aktivnih komponenata i prirodnih toksina‐mikotoksina) u uzorcima životne sredine i namirnicama je u porastu kao posledica novih industrijskih procesa i ostalih antropogenih aktivnosti, kao i klimatskih promena. Takođe veliku pažnju javnosti privlače i neorganske zagađujuće supstance kao što su teški elementi. S obzirom da zagađujuće supstance imaju negativan uticaj na životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi, u svetu se preduzimaju mere u cilju smanjenja stepena izloženosti toksičnim jedinjenjma i posledicama izlaganja. Trenutno, jedan od najvećih izazova, jeste procena rizika povezana sa velikim brojem zagađujućih supstanci u tragovima ili u tzv. ultratragovima, uključujući “novo” otkrivena zagađujuća jedinjenja, a jedan od osnovnih trendova je razvoj i primena brzih i efikasnih metoda za njihovu analizu u ispitivanim uzorcima na bazi naprednih hromatografskih i spektrometrijskih tehnika. Tehnike bazirane na tečnoj hromatografiji sa različitim masenim analizatorima za kvantifikaciju organskih zagađujućih supstanci kao i metode zasnovane na atomskoj apsorpcijonoj spektrometriji za određivanje ultratragova neorganskih zagađujućih supstanci postale su referentne na međunarodnom nivou. Ovakve napredne spregnute tehnike postale su važne za identifikaciju, kvantifikaciju i praćenje različitih zagađujućih supstanci u uzorcima životne sredine i namirnicama i proceni njihovog štetenog uticaja na zdravlje čoveka. S obzirom da su u literaturi retka istraživanja koja se bave razvojem i primenom metoda zasnovanih na naprednim hromatografskim i spektrometrijskim tehnikama i određivanju organskih i neorganskih zagađujućih supstanci u matriksima životne sredine i namirnicama sa prostora zapadnog Balkana, a uzimajući u obzir njihovu važnost, specifični ciljevi disertacije su: • unutrašnja („inhouse“) provera kvaliteta i pouzdanosti postojeće „multi‐rezidualne“ metode zasnovane na UHPLC‐QqLIT‐MS/MS za analizu 81‐e farmaceutski aktivne, The presence of organic pollutants in environmental samples and food (pharmaceutically active components and natural toxins‐mycotoxins) is increased as a result of new industrial processes and other anthropogenic activities, as well as climate change. Similarly heavy elements as inorganic pollutants have attracted worldwide attention. Since, these pollutants have negative impact on environment and human health, extremely efforts are undertaken in the world to reduce the level of exposure to these pollutants and consequences of the exposure. Currently, one of the highest challenges is to assess the risk associated with a large number of pollutants in trace or ultra trace levels, including "new" (emerging) discovered pollutants, and one of the main trends is development and implementation of fast and efficient methods for their analysis on the basis of advanced chromatographic and spectrometric techniques. Therefore, coupled techniques have become important for the identification, quantification and monitoring of various pollutants in environmental samples and food and assessment of their hazard impact on human health. Since, there are scarce data about the development and application of advanced methods based on chromatographic and spectrometric techniques for determination of organic and inorganic pollutants in environmental matrices and food from the Western Balkan, and taking into account their importance, specific objectives of the dissertation were: • internal ("in‐house") quality control of the existing "multi‐residual" method based on UHPLC‐QqLIT‐MS/MS for analysis of 81 pharmaceutically active components (PhAC) in wastewater, surface, underground and drinking water due to obtained for the first time comprehensive results of their presence in different types of water from Serbia; • internal ("in‐house") quality control of the existing "multi‐toxin" method for the analysis of 8 Fusarium mycotoxins in samples of different winter wheat cultivars based on HPLC‐QqQ

This study assessed the levels of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 283 food items (38 from Brazil, 35 from Saudi Arabia, 174 from Spain and 36 from Serbia) among the most widely consumed foodstuffs in these geographical areas. These countries were chosen as representatives of the diet in South America, Western Asia, Mediterranean countries and South-Eastern Europe. The analysis of foodstuffs was carried out by turbulent flow chromatography (TFC) combined with liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) in negative mode. The analytical method was validated for the analysis of different foodstuff classes (cereals, fish, fruit, milk, ready-to-eat foods, oil and meat). The analytical parameters of the method fulfill the requirements specified in the Commission Recommendation 2010/161/EU. Recovery rates were in the range between 70% and 120%. For all the selected matrices, the method limits of detection (MLOD) and the method limits of quantification (MLOQ) were in the range of 5 to 650 pg/g and 17 to 2000 pg/g, respectively. In general trends, the concentrations of PFASs were in the pg/g or pg/mL levels. The more frequently detected compounds were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA). The prevalence of the eight-carbon chain compounds in biota indicates the high stability and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. But, at the same time, the high frequency of the shorter chain compounds is also an indication of the use of replacement compounds in the new fluorinated materials. When comparing the compounds profile and their relative abundances in the samples from diverse origin, differences were identified. However, in absolute amounts of total PFASs no large differences were found between the studied countries. Fish and seafood were identified as the major PFASs contributors to the diet in all the countries. The total sum of PFA

U okviru disertacije analizirano je prisustvo različitih postojanih zagađujućih materija u abiotskim i biotskim uzorcima iz različitih regiona, uključujući i uzorke zemljišta iz Novog Sada i okolnih naselja, i to zagađujuće materije organskog (policiklične aromatične ugljovodonike, polihlorovane bifenile i organohlorne pesticide) i neorganskog (teški elementi) porekla. Dobijeni rezultati uvršteni su u baze zajedno sa relevantnim podacima iz međunarodnih radova i na taj način formirane su baze koje prevazilaze lokalne interese pojedinačnih istraživanja. Primenom multivarijacionih metoda analize ovakvih baza utvrđen je stepen zagađenosti ispitivanih uzoraka u odnosu na rezultate iz literature, a takođe je razmatrana struktura formiranih multidimenzionalnih baza sa ciljem analize raspodele postojanih zagađujućih jedinjenja u posmatranim matriksima i identifikacije zajedničkih izvora zagađenja. Primenom različitih (matematičkih) predtretmana podataka u bazama, a zatim njihovom analizom izabranim multivarijacionim metodama, izvršena je procena uticaja predtretmana na rezultate i mogućnosti njihove interpretacije, kao i ispitivanje zavisnosti između posmatranih veličina i grupisanje uzoraka. Specifični ciljevi istraživanja su omogućili da se: - utvrde sličnosti i razlike pri korišćenju različitih načina izražavanja analitičkih rezultata (apsolutne vrednosti koncentracije nasuprot relativnih procentualnih udela, tzv. kompozicionih podataka) u okviru baza podataka i pri izdvajanju informacija iz multidimenzionalnih baza primenom multivarijacionih metoda, - utvrdi uticaj različitih načina pripreme (obrade) podataka pre primene multivarijacionih metoda radi dobijanja potpunijih informacija u cilju bolje interpretacije podataka i smanjenja dimenzija baza podataka; - ispitaju regionalne i vremenske razlike i/ili sličnosti između prisustva posmatranih jedinjenja u abiotskim i biotskim matriksima radi uočavanja dominantnih izvora zagađenja u određenim oblastima i vremenskim perio, Presence of different pollutant classes of both organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides) and inorganic origin (heavy elements) were analysed in abiotic and biotic matrices from various regions, including Novi Sad and its surrounding settlements. Obtained results with available data published in the international articles were included in the sets, forming the input matrices to be analysed by chemometric techniques. Analysis of the created sets of data by multivariate approach was performed due to determining pollution level of the investigated samples, as well to elucidate the persistent pollutants distribution and profiles in the selected matrices and to identify the common pollution sources. Using different treatments of a set of input data, influence of these procedures to results was assessed. Specific aims of investigation were: Determination of similarity and differences by using different ways of data expression (apsolute values of concentrations as apposed to relative percent fraction) in interpreration of multidimension data sets on the basis of multivariate statistical approach Determination of different processing of data before multivariate statistical methods due to obtaining adequate information for interpretation of data and reducing a set of original variables Examination of regional and temporal differences and/or similarity among presence of observed compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices due to identification of dominant pollutant sources as well as comparative characterisation of experimantally obtained data in relation to samples from another regions worldwide. Achieved results are unique examples of multivariate methods application on large data sets with results on the occurance of pesistent organic compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices obtained in different studies all over the world.

U okviru disertacije analizirano je prisustvo različitih postojanih zagađujućih materija u abiotskim i biotskim uzorcima iz različitih regiona, uključujući i uzorke zemljišta iz Novog Sada i okolnih naselja, i to zagađujuće materije organskog (policiklične aromatične ugljovodonike, polihlorovane bifenile i organohlorne pesticide) i neorganskog (teški elementi) porekla. Dobijeni rezultati uvršteni su u baze zajedno sa relevantnim podacima iz međunarodnih radova i na taj način formirane su baze koje prevazilaze lokalne interese pojedinačnih istraživanja. Primenom multivarijacionih metoda analize ovakvih baza utvrđen je stepen zagađenosti ispitivanih uzoraka u odnosu na rezultate iz literature, a takođe je razmatrana struktura formiranih multidimenzionalnih baza sa ciljem analize raspodele postojanih zagađujućih jedinjenja u posmatranim matriksima i identifikacije zajedničkih izvora zagađenja. Primenom različitih (matematičkih) predtretmana podataka u bazama, a zatim njihovom analizom izabranim multivarijacionim metodama, izvršena je procena uticaja predtretmana na rezultate i mogućnosti njihove interpretacije, kao i ispitivanje zavisnosti između posmatranih veličina i grupisanje uzoraka. Specifični ciljevi istraživanja su omogućili da se: - utvrde sličnosti i razlike pri korišćenju različitih načina izražavanja analitičkih rezultata (apsolutne vrednosti koncentracije nasuprot relativnih procentualnih udela, tzv. kompozicionih podataka) u okviru baza podataka i pri izdvajanju informacija iz multidimenzionalnih baza primenom multivarijacionih metoda, - utvrdi uticaj različitih načina pripreme (obrade) podataka pre primene multivarijacionih metoda radi dobijanja potpunijih informacija u cilju bolje interpretacije podataka i smanjenja dimenzija baza podataka; - ispitaju regionalne i vremenske razlike i/ili sličnosti između prisustva posmatranih jedinjenja u abiotskim i biotskim matriksima radi uočavanja dominantnih izvora zagađenja u određenim oblastima i vremenskim perio, Presence of different pollutant classes of both organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides) and inorganic origin (heavy elements) were analysed in abiotic and biotic matrices from various regions, including Novi Sad and its surrounding settlements. Obtained results with available data published in the international articles were included in the sets, forming the input matrices to be analysed by chemometric techniques. Analysis of the created sets of data by multivariate approach was performed due to determining pollution level of the investigated samples, as well to elucidate the persistent pollutants distribution and profiles in the selected matrices and to identify the common pollution sources. Using different treatments of a set of input data, influence of these procedures to results was assessed. Specific aims of investigation were: Determination of similarity and differences by using different ways of data expression (apsolute values of concentrations as apposed to relative percent fraction) in interpreration of multidimension data sets on the basis of multivariate statistical approach Determination of different processing of data before multivariate statistical methods due to obtaining adequate information for interpretation of data and reducing a set of original variables Examination of regional and temporal differences and/or similarity among presence of observed compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices due to identification of dominant pollutant sources as well as comparative characterisation of experimantally obtained data in relation to samples from another regions worldwide. Achieved results are unique examples of multivariate methods application on large data sets with results on the occurance of pesistent organic compounds in abiotic and biotic matrices obtained in different studies all over the world.

P>Potential beneficial components, including proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were investigated in wholemeal of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) novel wheat genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. The protein contnet and the antioxidant properties varied according to the two different wheat species, as well as, between the different bread and durum wheat genotypes themselves. The results indicated significant differences in proteins and antioxidant compounds between bread and durum wheat. Higher total proteins, wet gluten and antioxidants contents, combined with lower LOX and POD activities, point to a higher nutritive value of durum wheat than bread wheat.

P>Potential beneficial components, including proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, were investigated in wholemeal of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) novel wheat genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. The protein contnet and the antioxidant properties varied according to the two different wheat species, as well as, between the different bread and durum wheat genotypes themselves. The results indicated significant differences in proteins and antioxidant compounds between bread and durum wheat. Higher total proteins, wet gluten and antioxidants contents, combined with lower LOX and POD activities, point to a higher nutritive value of durum wheat than bread wheat.

The content of heavy metals in representative wheat samples taken from all important wheat growing regions of Serbia was analysed, Concentration of 8 trace elements in 14 wheat samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. The obtained results were compared with the allowed maximum concentration given by the National Regulation and with literature published data. The data were interpreted using multiple linear correlation analysis.

Apstrakt je obrađen tehnologijama za optičko prepoznavanje teksta (OCR). Sumporni oksidi najčešće prisutni polutanti u atmosferi direktno utiču na zdravlje Ijudi i stvaranje kiselih kiša ugrožavajući ekosistem. Razvijen je veliki proj postupaka odsumporavanja otpadnih gasova, dok je u najširoj upotrebi mokri neregenerativni postupak apsorpcije koji koristi jeftine hemikalije, kreč ili krečnjak. Zbog toga se posebna pažnja posvečuje i ispitivanju regenerativnih postupaka kod kojih se apsorpciono sredstvo delimično ili u potpunosti regeneriše, a pri čemu su gubici apsorpcionog fluida zanemarljivi. Postupak sa limunskom kiselinom upravo ispunjava poslednji zahtev. Ostale prednosti ovog postupka su fleksibilnost, bez prisustva koplikovanih procesnih postupaka, mali oksidacioni gubici sumpor dioksida i netoksičnost reagensa. Pri projektovanju kolone za odsumporavanje otpadnih gasova neophodno je poznavanje ravnotežnih podatka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara (pad pritiska i količina zadržane tečnosti) i prenosa mase kao jednog od direktnih pokazatelja brzine apsorpcije ili ukupne brzine reakcije. Izveden je matematički model ravnoteže za predvidjanje ravnotežnog parcijalnog pritiska sumpor dioksida iznad vodenog rastvora natrijum citrata za ceo opseg pH vrednosti pufera i temperature na osnovu eksperimentalnih vrednosti. Zaustavnom metodom je odredjena količina zadržane tečnosti u koloni. Analizirane su jednačine date u literaturi za predvidjanje pada pritiska i zapreminskih koeficijenata prenosa mase i odabrane one koje se mogu primeniti na odabrani sistem sumpor dioksid/citratni pufer. Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka para-tečnost, hidrodinamičkih parametara i odabranih jednačina za prenos mase, izvršen je proračun visine apsorpcione kolone sa Raschigovim prstenovima za izdvajanje sumpor dioksida iz otpadnog gasa i pokazano je da pad pritiska za eksperimentalno primenjene protoke gasa i tečnosti odgovara literaturno predloženom opsegu., was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR). Control of sulfur dioxide emission has a relatively long history, especially in major industrial countries due to its common occurence and harmful effects. A number of dry and wet process comprising regenerable and throw-away process were investigated, but the wet throw-away process become the most widely accepted. The use of the flue gas desulphurization process with sodium citrate solution is recommended, as it is found that sodium citrate meets the specific needs of reversible sulphur dioxide absorption to buffer range as well as its capacity, chemical and physical stability. Packed columns are widely used in the chemical industry for gas/liquid mass and heat transfer operations and they have found special use in small fractionating towers. Their use has also been found to be advantageous where corrosion control is essential. Fundamental steps necessary for design of absorption column for sulfur dioxide removal are: - determination of vapor-liguid eguiiibrium data for the citrate buffer, - determination of hydrodynamic parameters, i.e. holdup and pressure drop, - determination gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients. On the basis of the experimentally determined vapour pressures data, a model of the gas- equilibria was formulated. Holdups were measured for air/sodium citrate solution using the draining method. Also, literature-proposed eguations for determination of pressure drop, volumetric liquid-phase and gas-phase mass transfer coefficient in packed column were presented and chosen those that could be applied to flue gas/citrate puffer system. Therefore, on the base of obtained results the preposition for the design of packed column is presented.

Istraživanja u ovom radu imala su za cilj da daju doprinos razjašnjenju fluidodinamike sistema gas-čvrsto-punjenje i definisanju osnovnih karakteristika ovog sistema: pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze. Eksperimentalna merenja osnovnih fluidodinamičkih karakteristika sistema ostvarena su u zavisnosti od: uticaja brzina pokretnih faza (gasne i čvrste faze), tipa punjenja, veličine čestica čvrste faze i visine sloja punjenja. Ispitivanja su ostvarena na najčešće korišćenim komercijalnim punjenjima: Raschigovim prstenovima, Pall prstenovima, Intaloks sedlima i cilindričnim mrežicama, kao i do sada ne korišćenim punjenjima (keramičke kuglice i lomljeni kamen). Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka izvedene su korelacione jednačine za predviđanje pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze i granice između režima pre nakupljanja i nakupljanja u zavisnosti od osnovnih parametara kontaktora: brzina gasne i čvrste faze, veličina čestica čvrste faze i karakteristika punjenja. Korišćenjem dosadašnjih literaturnih saznanja o uticaju operativnih parametara i osobina punjenja, gasa i čvrste faze na fluidodinamiku kontaktora gas-čvrsto-punjenje i sospstvenih eksperimentalnih rezultata proverena je validnost predloženih korelacija. Dobijeni zadovoljavajući rezultati predloženih korelacija pružaju mogućnost za predviđanje režima rada i fluidodinamičkih karakteristika ovog tipa kontaktora koji ima široku mogućnost primene u procesima toplotne razmene, adsorpcije, prečišćavanja otpadnih gasova i hemijskim reakcijama.

Istraživanja u ovom radu imala su za cilj da daju doprinos razjašnjenju fluidodinamike sistema gas-čvrsto-punjenje i definisanju osnovnih karakteristika ovog sistema: pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze. Eksperimentalna merenja osnovnih fluidodinamičkih karakteristika sistema ostvarena su u zavisnosti od: uticaja brzina pokretnih faza (gasne i čvrste faze), tipa punjenja, veličine čestica čvrste faze i visine sloja punjenja. Ispitivanja su ostvarena na najčešće korišćenim komercijalnim punjenjima: Raschigovim prstenovima, Pall prstenovima, Intaloks sedlima i cilindričnim mrežicama, kao i do sada ne korišćenim punjenjima (keramičke kuglice i lomljeni kamen). Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka izvedene su korelacione jednačine za predviđanje pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze i granice između režima pre nakupljanja i nakupljanja u zavisnosti od osnovnih parametara kontaktora: brzina gasne i čvrste faze, veličina čestica čvrste faze i karakteristika punjenja. Korišćenjem dosadašnjih literaturnih saznanja o uticaju operativnih parametara i osobina punjenja, gasa i čvrste faze na fluidodinamiku kontaktora gas-čvrsto-punjenje i sospstvenih eksperimentalnih rezultata proverena je validnost predloženih korelacija. Dobijeni zadovoljavajući rezultati predloženih korelacija pružaju mogućnost za predviđanje režima rada i fluidodinamičkih karakteristika ovog tipa kontaktora koji ima široku mogućnost primene u procesima toplotne razmene, adsorpcije, prečišćavanja otpadnih gasova i hemijskim reakcijama.