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U članku su prikazani rezultati fitocenoloških istraživanja i analize šumskih sastojina bijele johe (Alnus incana /L./ Moench subsp. incana) u Hrvatskoj. Na temelju 11 novih i 37 fitocenoloških snimaka iz prijašnjih istraživanja analizirane su sastojine iz Gorskoga kotara uz rijeku Kupu i njezine pritoke opisane u okviru asocijacije Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae Dakskobler 2010 te sastojine iz sjeverozapadne Hrvatske uz rijeku Dravu definirane kao Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae Moor 1958. U radu se analizira njihov međusobni odnos, a opširnije florni sastav i dinamika promjena u sastojini bijele johe sa zimskom preslicom u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj., This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the results of phytocoenological research of Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. incana stands in Croatia. Here, the grey alder appears in two biogeographic regions with contrasting climates (Figure 1): the continental region, along the course of the Drava river; and the mountainous Alpine-Dinaric region in Gorski kotar, along the course of the Kupa river and its tributaries. In the continental region of Croatia, the grey alder occurs mainly in riparian and floodplain forests along the main watercourse of the river Drava, where it forms smaller and isolated stands. These stands are included within the association Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae Moor 1958 (Figure 3). Stands from the north-western Dinarides are defined within the association Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae Dakskobler 2010 var geogr. Helleborus dumetorum Vukelić et al. 2012 (Figure 4, Figure 5).Our main objectives were: (1) to present the results of recent studies of the association Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae; (2) to compare them with the results of the studies from early second half of the 20th century (Trinajstić 1964, 1973); and (3) to compare them with the phytocoenological characteristics of grey alder forests from the Dinaric area of Croatia.The research was conducted on the basis of 11 new phytocoenological relevés and 37 from previous studies, according to the principles of the standard Central European Phytocoenological School (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Plant nomenclature was coordinated with the Flora Croatica Database (Nikolić 2015), and the mosses with Atherton et al. (2010). A part of the syntaxa was described in accordance with ICPN (Weber et al. 2000), and another part follows a multidimensional classification of vegetational units (Matuszkiewicz and Matuszkiewicz 1981). The sociological species affiliation was determined according to Vukelić (2012). The analysis of the floral composition of the association Equiseto hyemali-Alnetum incanae (=Aln

Standardnom metodom srednjoeuropske fitocenološke škole (Braun-Blanquet 1964) istražena je i opisana nova asocijacija bukove šume s dugolisnom naglavicom – Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum ass. nova, koja se rasprostire u kolinsko-submontanskom pojasu panonskoga gorja sjeverne Hrvatske, na visinama od 200 do 700 m, na lesnim i romboidnim naslagama povrh kojih se najčešće nalazi luvisol. Obilježava ju relativno siromašan i homogen florni sastav, izostanak brojnih vrsta ilirske sveze Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1938) Borhidi in Törek, Podani et Borhidi 1989, izrazita prevlast vrsta Festuca drymeia i Carex pilosa te stalnost vrsta srednjoeuropskih bukovih šuma. Svrstana je unutar srednjoeuropske sveze Fagion sylvaticae Laquet 1926. U odnosu na sastav ostalih bukovih šuma iste sinsistematske pripadnosti ističu se dijagnostičke vrste Festuca drymeia, Polystichum setiferum, Cephalanthera longifolia, Rubus hirtus, Tilia tomentosa, Potentilla micrantha i Ruscus hypoglossum. U radu je prikazano 15 novih i 137 već objavljenih fitocenoloških snimaka, na osnovi kojih je analizirana građa, sociološki i sintaksonomski karakter asocijacije Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum te odnos prema srodnim asocijacijama na južnom i jugozapadnom rubu Panonske nizine i u susjednim područjima., A new association of beech forest with Sword-leaved Helleborine – Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum ass. nova was described in the colline-submontane belt of northern Croatia, on the south-western edge of the Pannonian Plain. The method of the Central European Phytocoenological School (Braun-Blanquet 1964) was used in the research. Statistical comparison was performed by using programs TURBOVEG (Hennekens & Schaminée 2001) and PRIMER 6 (Clarke & Gorley 2001). MDA and UPGMA methods were made by use of Bray-Curtis similarity index. The association was presented on the basis of 15 new and 132 already published phytocoenological relevés (Table 1). In Table 2 and Figure 3 the association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum was compared with the related beech forests of the Illyrian floristic province (north-western Croatia, eastern Slovenia, northern Bosnia), then with the Central European association Galio odorati-Fagetum from the colline-submontane positions of Austria and southern Germany, and finally with beech forests of the Carpathian part of Romania. The association Cephalanthero longifoliae-Fagetum is distributed at altitudes from 200 to 700 m, with terrain inclinations usually ranging between 10 and 20 degrees. It grows in the temperate climate with average temperatures from 9.5 to 10.7 °C and average rainfall from 800 to 1,100 mm. The parent bedrock is made up of loess and rhomboid layers generally overlaid with luvisol in a humus-accumulative horizon of medium acidity (pH about 5). The association is characterized by a relatively poor and homogeneous floristic composition, the absence of numerous species of the Illyrian alliance Aremonio-Fagion (the associations Hacquetio-Fagetum, Lamio orvalae-Fagetum, Vicio oroboidi-Fagetum), the distinct prevalence of the species Festuca drymeia, Carex pilosa and Rubus hirtus, and the constancy of the species of Central European beech forests from the alliance Fagion sylvaticae and the order Fagetalia (Figure 2). Species of w

The paper presents vegetation research of grey alder stands (Alnus incana /L./ Moench) along the beds of the rivers Kupa, Kupica, Čabranka and Belica in Gorski kotar. The standard Central European phytosociological method was used to record and analyze eight phytosociological relevés from 2010. Research results revealed that it was the association of grey alder with deadnettle, Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae, recently recorded in the west of Slovenia (DAKSKOBLER, 2007, 2010). Growing under similar ecological conditions and containing common diagnostic species as the Slovenian stands, the stands in Gorski kotar are characterized by the abundant presence of Helleborus dumetorum. For this reason, they have been classified as a new geographic variant of the above mentioned association., U radu su prikazana vegetacijska istraživanja sastojina bijele johe (Alnus incana /L./ Moench) uz korita rijeka Kupe, Kupice, Čabranke i Belice u Gorskome kotaru. Pri tome je korištena standardna srednjoeuropska fitocenološka metoda kojom je snimljeno i analizirano osam fitocenoloških snimki iz 2010. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se radi o asocijaciji bijele johe s mrtvom koprivom Lamio orvalae-Alnetum incanae, nedavno ustanovljenoj u zapadnoj Sloveniji (DAKSKOBLER, 2007, 2010). Uz slične ekološke uvjete i zajedničke dijagnostičke vrste, sastojine iz Gorskog kotara odlikuju se obilnom nazočnošću vrste Helleborus dumetorum, pa su izdvojene kao nova geografska varijanta spomenute asocijacije.

Šumska vegetacija Istre jedna je od najzanimljivijih u Republici Hrvatskoj. U njoj su šume hrasta crnike posebna vrijednost i zanimljivost. Osnovom sustavnih istraživanja tijekom posljednjih više od pedeset godina opća rasprostranjenost crnike u Istri nam je dobro poznata, no s druge strane o šumskim zajednicama hrasta crnike i njihovim fitocenološkim značajkama ima mnogo manje podataka, što upućuje na nedovoljnu istraženost i potrebu novih detaljnih istraživanja. Slijedom toga obavljena su sinekološko-vegetacijska terenska istraživanja crnikovih šuma na 12 lokaliteta u obalnom dijelu Istre od okolice Poreča na sjeverozapadu, preko zapadnih do južnih dijelova u okolici Pule te su analizirane i uspoređene sa sličnim crnikovim sastojinama u sjeverojadranskom primorju. Fitocenološka istraživanja provedena su prema klasičnim principima, a ukupno su klasično i pomoću multivarijantne analize obrađena 42 fitocenološka snimka. Također su za opis ekoloških uvjeta i razlika korištene ekoindikacijske vrijednosti prema Pignattiju (2005). Rezultati provedenih istraživanja i analiza pokazuju da istraživane šume hrasta crnike u Istri pripadaju asocijaciji Fraxino orni-Quercetum ilicis Horvatić (1956) 1958. U sklopu te asocijacije izdvojena je nova subasocijacija carpinetosum orientalis. Od ostalih subasocijacija šuma hrasta crnike i crnoga jasena razlikuje ih vrlo značajan udio listopadnih elemenata reda Quercetalia pubescentis koji karakteriziraju specifične sinekološke uvjete istraživanoga područja., The forest vegetation of Istria is considered one of the most interesting vegetation types in the Republic of Croatia. This is confirmed by the presence of a large number of highly diverse forest communities occurring on the border between two completely different plant-geographical regions: the Mediterranean region and the Euro-Siberian – North American region. As climazonal vegetation, forests of holm oak in the Eu-Mediterranean represent special value and a particular asset. Owing to systematic research during the past fifty or more years, the general distribution of holm oak in Istria is well known; however, data on forest communities of holm oak and their phytocoenologcal characteristics are much less known. This means that until the present research, only about forty phytocoenological relevés of the forest stands of holm oak in Istria had been released, which clearly demonstrates that these stands have been insufficiently studied and that further detailed research is required. Synecological-vegetation research was undertaken in 12 localities in the coastal part of Istria, starting with the surroundings of Poreč in the north-west, across the western and southern parts, to the surroundings of Pula (Fig. 1). Phytocoenological research of forest vegetation was based on the principles of the Zurich-Montpellier School (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Our own phytocoenological relevés were entered into the Turboveg database (Hennekens and Schaminee 2001), together with 30 published phytocoenological relevés of forests of holm oak and manna ash, taken in a broader research area and described as the subassociations typicum and cotinetosum. A total of 42 phytocoenological relevés were statistically processed. In addition to classical analysis, numerical analysis by means of SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001) software was also conducted. Eco-indicator values according to Pignatti (2005) were applied to describe the ecological conditions using the floral composition, while the mean values

U vegetacijskom razdoblju 2010. godine proveli smo detaljna istraživanja prašume Smrčeve doline na sjevernom Velebitu. Prašumski kompleks obuhvaća oko 488 ha, dio je Nacionalnoga parka »Sjeverni Velebit« i do sada nije znanstveno istraživan. Velik dio prašume zauzimaju sastojine obične smreke rasprostranjene u dvjema šumskim zajednicama: smrekova šuma s obrubljenim gladcem (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietis Vukelić i dr. 2010) i smrekova šuma s alpskom pljuskavicom (Hyperico grisebachii-Piceetum abietis /Bertović 1975/ Vukelić i dr. 2010).Na gornjim i srednjim padinama rasprostranjena je pretplaninska bukova šuma sa žabljakom (Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marinček i dr. 1993). Sva tri vegetacijska tipa fitocenološki su istražena metodom ciriško-monpelješke fitocenološke škole, a snimci smrekovih sastojina prikazani su u analitičkoj tablici 1 s potrebnim općim podacima. Za kvantificiranje strukturnih parametara sastojina na pokusnim plohama svim su stablima iznad 1 cmprsnoga promjera izmjereni opseg (cm), visina (m) te je određen životni status prema metodologiji Masera i dr. (1979). Ustanovljena je količina i stupanj raspadanja mrtvoga dubećega i ležećega drveta i na temelju utvrđenih parametara i odgovarajućih kriterija zaključujemo da smrekove sastojine istraživanoga područja pripadaju kategoriji primarne prašume., Detailed research into the virgin forest of Smrčeve Doline, situated in Northern VelebitNational Park, was undertaken in the vegetation period of 2010 (Fig. 1). The virgin forest covers an area of 488 ha, of which spruce forests account for 300 ha, beech forests for 125 ha, while the rest is without any forest vegetation. The altitude ranges between 1,279 m and 1,607 m. The virgin forest mainly extends in the north-south direction. Over half of the spruce stands are distributed in sinkholes, as well as on northern and northwestern slopes ascending towards the tops. In the geomorphological sense, this is an exceptionally richly developed Dinaric karst relief, where the parent material is made of limestone breccias and limestone-dolomite blocks, which often resurface. The soil is organogenic and organomineral calcomelanosol in a mosaic with calcocambisol. The average annual temperature is 3.5 °C and the amount of the average annual precipitation is 1,898mm(meteorological stationVučjak, 1954mabove sea level, period 1961–1990, data of the DHMZ). Phytocoenological research based on the standard Central European method of the Zürich-Montpellier School has shown that stands of Norway spruce are distributed in two forest communities (Table 1): spruce forest with Laserpitium krapfii (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietisVukelić, Alegro et Šegota 2010) and spruce forest with Hypericum richerii grisebachii (Hyperico grisebachii-Piceetum abietis /Bertović 1975/ Vukelić, Alegro, Šegota et Šapić 2010). The floral composition with their differences justifies their classification into independent associations in relation to other sub-alpine phytocoenoses of the Dinaric region. Compared with them, spruce forests of the sub-alpine belt of northern Velebit are differentiated by the presence and the higher cover of species Campanula velebitica, Melampyrum velebiticum, Hypericum richeri grisebachii, Laserpitium krapfii, Valerianamontana, Euphorbia carniolica, Geranium sylvaticum,Adenostyl

U vegetacijskom razdoblju 2010. godine proveli smo detaljna istraživanja prašume Smrčeve doline na sjevernom Velebitu. Prašumski kompleks obuhvaća oko 488 ha, dio je Nacionalnoga parka »Sjeverni Velebit« i do sada nije znanstveno istraživan. Velik dio prašume zauzimaju sastojine obične smreke rasprostranjene u dvjema šumskim zajednicama: smrekova šuma s obrubljenim gladcem (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietis Vukelić i dr. 2010) i smrekova šuma s alpskom pljuskavicom (Hyperico grisebachii-Piceetum abietis /Bertović 1975/ Vukelić i dr. 2010).Na gornjim i srednjim padinama rasprostranjena je pretplaninska bukova šuma sa žabljakom (Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marinček i dr. 1993). Sva tri vegetacijska tipa fitocenološki su istražena metodom ciriško-monpelješke fitocenološke škole, a snimci smrekovih sastojina prikazani su u analitičkoj tablici 1 s potrebnim općim podacima. Za kvantificiranje strukturnih parametara sastojina na pokusnim plohama svim su stablima iznad 1 cmprsnoga promjera izmjereni opseg (cm), visina (m) te je određen životni status prema metodologiji Masera i dr. (1979). Ustanovljena je količina i stupanj raspadanja mrtvoga dubećega i ležećega drveta i na temelju utvrđenih parametara i odgovarajućih kriterija zaključujemo da smrekove sastojine istraživanoga područja pripadaju kategoriji primarne prašume., Detailed research into the virgin forest of Smrčeve Doline, situated in Northern VelebitNational Park, was undertaken in the vegetation period of 2010 (Fig. 1). The virgin forest covers an area of 488 ha, of which spruce forests account for 300 ha, beech forests for 125 ha, while the rest is without any forest vegetation. The altitude ranges between 1,279 m and 1,607 m. The virgin forest mainly extends in the north-south direction. Over half of the spruce stands are distributed in sinkholes, as well as on northern and northwestern slopes ascending towards the tops. In the geomorphological sense, this is an exceptionally richly developed Dinaric karst relief, where the parent material is made of limestone breccias and limestone-dolomite blocks, which often resurface. The soil is organogenic and organomineral calcomelanosol in a mosaic with calcocambisol. The average annual temperature is 3.5 °C and the amount of the average annual precipitation is 1,898mm(meteorological stationVučjak, 1954mabove sea level, period 1961–1990, data of the DHMZ). Phytocoenological research based on the standard Central European method of the Zürich-Montpellier School has shown that stands of Norway spruce are distributed in two forest communities (Table 1): spruce forest with Laserpitium krapfii (Laserpitio krapfii-Piceetum abietisVukelić, Alegro et Šegota 2010) and spruce forest with Hypericum richerii grisebachii (Hyperico grisebachii-Piceetum abietis /Bertović 1975/ Vukelić, Alegro, Šegota et Šapić 2010). The floral composition with their differences justifies their classification into independent associations in relation to other sub-alpine phytocoenoses of the Dinaric region. Compared with them, spruce forests of the sub-alpine belt of northern Velebit are differentiated by the presence and the higher cover of species Campanula velebitica, Melampyrum velebiticum, Hypericum richeri grisebachii, Laserpitium krapfii, Valerianamontana, Euphorbia carniolica, Geranium sylvaticum,Adenostyl

Šumska vegetacija Istre jedna je od najzanimljivijih u Republici Hrvatskoj. U njoj su šume hrasta crnike posebna vrijednost i zanimljivost. Osnovom sustavnih istraživanja tijekom posljednjih više od pedeset godina opća rasprostranjenost crnike u Istri nam je dobro poznata, no s druge strane o šumskim zajednicama hrasta crnike i njihovim fitocenološkim značajkama ima mnogo manje podataka, što upućuje na nedovoljnu istraženost i potrebu novih detaljnih istraživanja. Slijedom toga obavljena su sinekološko-vegetacijska terenska istraživanja crnikovih šuma na 12 lokaliteta u obalnom dijelu Istre od okolice Poreča na sjeverozapadu, preko zapadnih do južnih dijelova u okolici Pule te su analizirane i uspoređene sa sličnim crnikovim sastojinama u sjeverojadranskom primorju. Fitocenološka istraživanja provedena su prema klasičnim principima, a ukupno su klasično i pomoću multivarijantne analize obrađena 42 fitocenološka snimka. Također su za opis ekoloških uvjeta i razlika korištene ekoindikacijske vrijednosti prema Pignattiju (2005). Rezultati provedenih istraživanja i analiza pokazuju da istraživane šume hrasta crnike u Istri pripadaju asocijaciji Fraxino orni-Quercetum ilicis Horvatić (1956) 1958. U sklopu te asocijacije izdvojena je nova subasocijacija carpinetosum orientalis. Od ostalih subasocijacija šuma hrasta crnike i crnoga jasena razlikuje ih vrlo značajan udio listopadnih elemenata reda Quercetalia pubescentis koji karakteriziraju specifične sinekološke uvjete istraživanoga područja., The forest vegetation of Istria is considered one of the most interesting vegetation types in the Republic of Croatia. This is confirmed by the presence of a large number of highly diverse forest communities occurring on the border between two completely different plant-geographical regions: the Mediterranean region and the Euro-Siberian – North American region. As climazonal vegetation, forests of holm oak in the Eu-Mediterranean represent special value and a particular asset. Owing to systematic research during the past fifty or more years, the general distribution of holm oak in Istria is well known; however, data on forest communities of holm oak and their phytocoenologcal characteristics are much less known. This means that until the present research, only about forty phytocoenological relevés of the forest stands of holm oak in Istria had been released, which clearly demonstrates that these stands have been insufficiently studied and that further detailed research is required. Synecological-vegetation research was undertaken in 12 localities in the coastal part of Istria, starting with the surroundings of Poreč in the north-west, across the western and southern parts, to the surroundings of Pula (Fig. 1). Phytocoenological research of forest vegetation was based on the principles of the Zurich-Montpellier School (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Our own phytocoenological relevés were entered into the Turboveg database (Hennekens and Schaminee 2001), together with 30 published phytocoenological relevés of forests of holm oak and manna ash, taken in a broader research area and described as the subassociations typicum and cotinetosum. A total of 42 phytocoenological relevés were statistically processed. In addition to classical analysis, numerical analysis by means of SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001) software was also conducted. Eco-indicator values according to Pignatti (2005) were applied to describe the ecological conditions using the floral composition, while the mean values

Background and Purpose: The succession of forests in the Posavina region follows a pattern from forests of black alder and ash through stands of pedunculate oak to pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests. In the past hundred years, this lowland area has been affected by a number of factors, among which anthropogenic influences hold a primary position. This has resulted in a considerable deviation from normal, natural succession. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the present condition, the degree of destabilisation and the future developmental trends of pedunculate oak stands by drawing on previous pedological, hydrological and vegetational research. One of the best indicators of the above is the ecoindicator values of the floristic composition. Materials and Methods: Phytocoenological relevés were taken in 25 localities of both stable and destabilised forest ecosystems of pedunculate oak in Žutica Forest. The principles of the Zurich-Montpellier School were applied for this process. The numerical analysis was carried out by means of SYN-TAX 2000 software. JUICE 6.3 and CANOCO 4.5 were also used to process the relevés, construct the phytocoenological tables and correlate species compositions and vegetation typeswith ecological factors. The obtained results were compared with the results of earlier ecological research. Results: Phytocoenological research revealed significant changes in the floristic composition. Ecoindicator values of plant species indicate a substantial change in ecological parameters and increased destabilisation, which leads to larger quantities of light, thermophilicity and humidity in sites. In addition, the sites are richer in nitrogen and the soil reaction becomes more basophilic, while central European species replace intermediary ones. Conclusions: The investigated plots show a regression process contrary to the normal direction of vegetation development in lowland areas. A return has been observed from the final community to transitional comm

Background and Purpose: Beech-fir forests in Croatia have very broad edaphic amplitude. On Mt. Medvednica they are predominantly developed on dystric cambisol, but also, to a smaller extent, on several other soil types. The purpose of this paper was to investigate soil properties in these forests and establish relations with pedogenetic factors, and especially with the bedrock and the relief. Materials and Methods: Research was based on the study of 14 soil profiles and soil samples from the horizons, and on the analysis of 39 composite samples from the surface 5 cm of soil. The following parameters were assessed from the samples: pH in water and 0.01MCaCl2, the carbonate content, and the content of biogenic elements Org C., TotalN, P,K, Ca and Mg, as well as the texture of profile samples. Results: Dominant soils in beech-fir forests on Medvednica are dystric cambisol and eutric cambisol. Most of the profiles are situated on moderately steep and steep slopes, so their A-horizon is colluvially influenced. All profiles were shallower than 100 cm, except for the stagnosol profile. The most variable parameter in the surface 5 cm was organic carbon, ranging from 40.9 to 367.2 g kg–1, whereas the pH value measured in water suspension oscillated between 3.69 and 7.21 and corresponded with the calcium content in the soil, with carbonate substrates in the central part of the range and with carbonate quantity in the soil. Conclusions: The distribution range of beech-fir forests on Mt. Medvednica is highly complex both from the pedogenetic and pedophysiographic aspect. It provides a good basis for the application of more complex models of spatial prediction of soil properties, but also for phytocoenological and ecological management profiling of beech-fir forests.

Background and Purpose: Beech-fir forests in Croatia have very broad edaphic amplitude. On Mt. Medvednica they are predominantly developed on dystric cambisol, but also, to a smaller extent, on several other soil types. The purpose of this paper was to investigate soil properties in these forests and establish relations with pedogenetic factors, and especially with the bedrock and the relief. Materials and Methods: Research was based on the study of 14 soil profiles and soil samples from the horizons, and on the analysis of 39 composite samples from the surface 5 cm of soil. The following parameters were assessed from the samples: pH in water and 0.01MCaCl2, the carbonate content, and the content of biogenic elements Org C., TotalN, P,K, Ca and Mg, as well as the texture of profile samples. Results: Dominant soils in beech-fir forests on Medvednica are dystric cambisol and eutric cambisol. Most of the profiles are situated on moderately steep and steep slopes, so their A-horizon is colluvially influenced. All profiles were shallower than 100 cm, except for the stagnosol profile. The most variable parameter in the surface 5 cm was organic carbon, ranging from 40.9 to 367.2 g kg–1, whereas the pH value measured in water suspension oscillated between 3.69 and 7.21 and corresponded with the calcium content in the soil, with carbonate substrates in the central part of the range and with carbonate quantity in the soil. Conclusions: The distribution range of beech-fir forests on Mt. Medvednica is highly complex both from the pedogenetic and pedophysiographic aspect. It provides a good basis for the application of more complex models of spatial prediction of soil properties, but also for phytocoenological and ecological management profiling of beech-fir forests.

Background and Purpose: The succession of forests in the Posavina region follows a pattern from forests of black alder and ash through stands of pedunculate oak to pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests. In the past hundred years, this lowland area has been affected by a number of factors, among which anthropogenic influences hold a primary position. This has resulted in a considerable deviation from normal, natural succession. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the present condition, the degree of destabilisation and the future developmental trends of pedunculate oak stands by drawing on previous pedological, hydrological and vegetational research. One of the best indicators of the above is the ecoindicator values of the floristic composition. Materials and Methods: Phytocoenological relevés were taken in 25 localities of both stable and destabilised forest ecosystems of pedunculate oak in Žutica Forest. The principles of the Zurich-Montpellier School were applied for this process. The numerical analysis was carried out by means of SYN-TAX 2000 software. JUICE 6.3 and CANOCO 4.5 were also used to process the relevés, construct the phytocoenological tables and correlate species compositions and vegetation typeswith ecological factors. The obtained results were compared with the results of earlier ecological research. Results: Phytocoenological research revealed significant changes in the floristic composition. Ecoindicator values of plant species indicate a substantial change in ecological parameters and increased destabilisation, which leads to larger quantities of light, thermophilicity and humidity in sites. In addition, the sites are richer in nitrogen and the soil reaction becomes more basophilic, while central European species replace intermediary ones. Conclusions: The investigated plots show a regression process contrary to the normal direction of vegetation development in lowland areas. A return has been observed from the final community to transitional comm

Background and Purpose: Beech forests in the subalpine belt of Velebit (1-4) have not been extensively investigated so far, nor have their nomenclatural and systematic affiliation been analyzed according to the latest phytocoenological concepts (5-7). Phytocoenological research and adjustment were combined with the study and analysis of basic soil types and their pedophysiographic properties. Materials and Methods: Phytocoenological research, encompassing the analysis of 11 relevés and comparisons with other relevant studies (3, 8, 9), follows classical principles of the Braun-Blanquet School (10). Taxonomic nomenclature was coordinated according to Nikoli} (11-13). Pedophysiographic soil features were described by types and pedogenetic horizons on the basis of the profiles opened within the community. Results: As many as 96 species, or 41 species per relevé on average, were registered in 11 phytocoenological relevés. The dominant layer of the community under study was characterized by Fagus sylvatica, with Acer pseudoplatanus also taking an important position and Abies alba featuring on the bottom boundary. There were no distinctly dominant species in the shrub layer, while the ground layer contained important species of the alliance Aremonio-Fagion and the order Fagetalia. The substrate of limestones with dolomite interbeds, dolomitized limestones, and calcareous breccias (14-17) supports a long series of subtypes and varieties of mollic leptosol and cambisols, luvisols in sinkholes and sporadic occurrences of rendzic leptosols. Conclusion: Beech forests in the subalpine belt of northern Velebit at altitudes between 1,200 and 1,500 m manifest their affiliation to the association Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marin~ek et al. 1993. The comparison with adjacent areas shows very high similarity in physiognomy, ecological conditions and floristic composition. Pedological research revealed exceptional variability of soil types over a relatively small space. The studie

Background and Purpose: Cambisol is the best represented soil in Dinaric beech-fir forests. The paper presents and compares properties of cambisol in the areas of northern Velebit and Gorski Kotar. Materials and Methods: Localities with cambisols over limestone were selected on Velebit and Gorski Kotar. All the localities were reconnoitred and their affiliation to the association Omphalodo-Fagetum was established. Soil samples were taken in 47 pedological profiles. The following were analyzed: pH values, organic carbon and total nitrogen content, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen content, physiologically active phosphorus and potassium content, and soil texture. The data were statistically processed by Statistica 7.1. Results: Cambisol on Velebit is deeper than cambisol in Gorski Kotar. A lower pH value was recorded in cambisol on Velebit. Cambisols of Velebit and Gorski Kotar belong to humus-rich soils and soils that are very rich in total nitrogen content. A statistically significantly higher NH4 + content was recorded within the entire cambisol profiles in Gorski Kotar. The A horizon of cambisol profiles opened on Velebit is poorly supplied with physiologically active phosphorus, whereas in GorskiKotar the supply ranges from poor to good. With regard to texture, cambisol in the A horizon on Velebit and in GorskiKotar is predominantly silty clay loam and in the B horizon it is light clay. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the pH value of cambisol on Velebit is lower (more acid) than in all the other localities in GorskiKotar. In terms of NH4 + content, a statistically significant difference between Velebit and Gorski Kotar was established with the t-test and the variance analysis.

Background and Purpose: Beech forests in the subalpine belt of Velebit (1-4) have not been extensively investigated so far, nor have their nomenclatural and systematic affiliation been analyzed according to the latest phytocoenological concepts (5-7). Phytocoenological research and adjustment were combined with the study and analysis of basic soil types and their pedophysiographic properties. Materials and Methods: Phytocoenological research, encompassing the analysis of 11 relevés and comparisons with other relevant studies (3, 8, 9), follows classical principles of the Braun-Blanquet School (10). Taxonomic nomenclature was coordinated according to Nikoli} (11-13). Pedophysiographic soil features were described by types and pedogenetic horizons on the basis of the profiles opened within the community. Results: As many as 96 species, or 41 species per relevé on average, were registered in 11 phytocoenological relevés. The dominant layer of the community under study was characterized by Fagus sylvatica, with Acer pseudoplatanus also taking an important position and Abies alba featuring on the bottom boundary. There were no distinctly dominant species in the shrub layer, while the ground layer contained important species of the alliance Aremonio-Fagion and the order Fagetalia. The substrate of limestones with dolomite interbeds, dolomitized limestones, and calcareous breccias (14-17) supports a long series of subtypes and varieties of mollic leptosol and cambisols, luvisols in sinkholes and sporadic occurrences of rendzic leptosols. Conclusion: Beech forests in the subalpine belt of northern Velebit at altitudes between 1,200 and 1,500 m manifest their affiliation to the association Ranunculo platanifoliae-Fagetum Marin~ek et al. 1993. The comparison with adjacent areas shows very high similarity in physiognomy, ecological conditions and floristic composition. Pedological research revealed exceptional variability of soil types over a relatively small space. The studie

Background and Purpose: Cambisol is the best represented soil in Dinaric beech-fir forests. The paper presents and compares properties of cambisol in the areas of northern Velebit and Gorski Kotar. Materials and Methods: Localities with cambisols over limestone were selected on Velebit and Gorski Kotar. All the localities were reconnoitred and their affiliation to the association Omphalodo-Fagetum was established. Soil samples were taken in 47 pedological profiles. The following were analyzed: pH values, organic carbon and total nitrogen content, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen content, physiologically active phosphorus and potassium content, and soil texture. The data were statistically processed by Statistica 7.1. Results: Cambisol on Velebit is deeper than cambisol in Gorski Kotar. A lower pH value was recorded in cambisol on Velebit. Cambisols of Velebit and Gorski Kotar belong to humus-rich soils and soils that are very rich in total nitrogen content. A statistically significantly higher NH4 + content was recorded within the entire cambisol profiles in Gorski Kotar. The A horizon of cambisol profiles opened on Velebit is poorly supplied with physiologically active phosphorus, whereas in GorskiKotar the supply ranges from poor to good. With regard to texture, cambisol in the A horizon on Velebit and in GorskiKotar is predominantly silty clay loam and in the B horizon it is light clay. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the pH value of cambisol on Velebit is lower (more acid) than in all the other localities in GorskiKotar. In terms of NH4 + content, a statistically significant difference between Velebit and Gorski Kotar was established with the t-test and the variance analysis.

Bukovo-jelove šume u gorju jugozapadnoga dijela Panonije u Hrvatskoj fitocenološki su nedovoljno istražene. U novije vrijeme nije bilo njihove podrobne nomenklaturno-sintaksonomske analize koja bi u potpunosti bila sukladna međunarodnim nomenklaturnim pravilima (Barkman i dr. 1986, Weber i dr. 2000). Zbog toga smo nakon njihova odvajanja od dinarskih bukovo-jelovih šuma (Vukelić i Baričević 1996) pristupili 2007. godine njihovu istraživanju, imenovanju i određivanju prema ostalim šumskim zajednicama ovoga dijela Europe. U glavnom arealu bukovo-jelovih šuma na Maclju, Medvednici i Papuku fitocenološki smo istražili i snimili četrdeset ploha, a u ovom radu prikazujemo ih 25. Prilično su bogata flornoga sastava s ukupno 135 vrsta. Prevladavaju vrste reda Fagetalia i njegovih nižih jedinica, od kojih su posebno značajne vrste sveze Aremonio-Fagion. Florni sastav, ekološki uvjeti, fizionomija ovih sastojina i način gospodarenja njima opravdavaju izdvajanje zasebne asocijacije. Označili smo ju imenom Festuco drymeiae-Abietetum (bukovo-jelova šuma s brdskom vlasuljom) prema najproširenijoj i sociološki važnoj vrsti Festuca drymeia i edifikatoru jeli (Abies alba). Time se jasno odvaja i prepoznaje među ostalim bukovim i bukovo-jelovim asocijacijama unutar sveze Aremonio-Fagion i podsveze Lamio orvalae-Fagenion kojima je podređena. Tipološki smo ju raščlanili na dvije subasocijacije (lunarietosum redivivae i festucetosum drymeiae) koje se ekološki i po flori jasno razlikuju. Sastojine u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Hrvatske, na Maclju i Medvednici po flornom sastavu su raznovrsnije i bogatije od sastojina na Papuku, poglavito vrstama sveze Aremonio-Fagion, no statistička analiza nije pokazala opravdanost njihova razdvajanja. U radu su ukratko raspravljene i fitogeografske razlike unutar areala asocijacije u Hrvatskoj i odnos prema srodnim zajednicama na istraživanom području i na susjednim područjima., Forests of beech and fir in the mountains of north-western part of the Pannonian valley in Croatia represent zonal communities of the mountainous belt. They have a relatively rich floral composition in which species of the order Fagetalia and its lower units have distinct prominence. Covering about fifteen thousand hectares, they grow in humid-perhumid conditions of temperate warm climate with a favourable precipitation pattern. The geological-lythological structure is predominantly made up of silicate rocks (sandstones, slates) with a dominant soil type of dystric cambisol with acid reaction. In northern expositions they take up altitudes between 600 and 1,000 m, while in southern expositions they climb down to as low as 300 m. Phytocoenological research and relevés of 40 plots were made in the main distribution range of beech-fir forests on Macelj, Medvednica and Papuk, 25 of which will be presented in this paper. They have a relatively rich floristic composition containing a total of 135 species. There is a prevalence of species of the order Fagetalia and its lower units, of which species of the alliance Aremonio-Fagion are particularly important (Table 1). The floristic composition, ecological conditions, physiognomy and method of managing these stands justify their classification into a separate association. It was named Festuco-drymeiae-Abietetum (forest of beech and fir with fescue) according to the most widely represented and sociologically important species Festuca drymeia and the edifier fir (Abies alba). This clearly distinguishes it from other beech and beech-fir associations within the alliance Aremonio-Fagion and suballiance Lamio orvalae-Fagenion, to which it is subordinated. Abies alba, Fraxinus excelsior, Cardamine trifolia, Lunaria rediviva, Geranium robertianum, Galeopsis tetrahit, Cephalanthera damasonium and Glechoma hirsuta are differentiating species of the association. It has been typologically divided into two subassociations: at steeper, dr

U radu se fitocenološki analiziraju mješovite sastojine jele i crnoga graba (Ostryo-Abietetum/Fukarek 1963/Trinajstić 1983) u vinodolskom zaleđu. Iako su već istraživane (Rac 1995) u fitocenološkom smislu je izostala cjelovita analiza i usporedba s ostalim područjima Hrvatske. Zajednica je predstavljena s deset snimaka načinjenih u očuvanijim i suvislijim kompleksima na približno 250 ha njezina rasprostranjenja i nadmorskim visinama od 700 do 900 m. Ukupno su registrirane 84 vrste, prosječno po snimci 41, a njihova sociološka pripadnost relativno je složena, što su pokazala i prijašnja istraživanja na Biokovu (Trinajstić 1983, 1987). U odnosu na biokovske sastojine zabilježene su 54 nove vrste, a izostaje 46, među njima Pulmonaria visianii i Lonicera alpigena izdvojene kao svojstvene vrste asocijacije. U sloju drveća dominira Abies alba, podstojno i Ostrya carpinifolia, a u sloju grmlja pridolaze 34 vrste, bujnošću dominiraju one termofilne svojstvene za red Quercetalia pubescentis. U sloju prizemnog rašća prevladavaju mezofilne vrste reda Fagetalia i sveze Aremonio-Fagion i termofilna vrsta Sesleria autumnalis. Također je za vinodolske sastojine specifičan pridolazak hrasta kitnjaka i nekih drugih vrsta slabije izražene socijalne pripadnosti i mezofilnoga karaktera. Sastojine zajednice Ostryo-Abietetum su uglavnom zaštitne panjače trajno otvorenog sklopa i obrasta uglavnom oko 50 %., In Croatia, the forest community Ostryo-Abietetum (Fukarek 1963) Trinajstić 1983 was found on Mt. Biokovo (Trinajstić 1983, 1987) and on Kapela (Rac et Lovrić 1987, Rac 1995). Only five relevés have been published in scientific literature. Since the floral composition has not been analyzed and compared in more detail, the studied phytocoenosis is insufficiently known. Phytocoenological research was conducted following the classical principles of the Braun-Blanquet School (1964). Forests of fir with hop hornbeam were presented on the basis of ten relevés from the Vinodol area and five from Biokovo. Plant nomenclature was adjusted according to Ehrendorfer (1973), while plant-sociological affiliation and biological form of the species were based on the work generally used for this purpose. Phytocoenological research into the stands of the community Ostryo-Abietetum in Vinodol showed syntaxonomic affiliation in the sense of Marinček et al. (1993) in accordance with international syntaxonomic rules (Weber et al. 2000). A total of 84 species were registered in ten phytocoenological relevés. On average, there were 41 species per relevé. Abies alba prevails in the dominant layer, Ostrya carpinifolia in the intermediate layer and thermophilic species of the order Quercetalia pubescentis in the shrub layer. The layer of herbaceous vegetation is dominated by the species of the order Fagetalia and the alliance Aremonio-Fagion and by the thermophilic species Sesleria autumnalis. The forest phytocoenosis of fir with hop hornbeam occurs over approximately 250 ha in the study area (Racić 2001). Compared to past phytocoenological relevés of this community in Croatia, 54 new species have been registered. Those of mesophilic character and beech forests prevail, which completes the knowledge of the phytocoenosis Ostryo-Abietetum. In relation to the stands on Biokovo, 46 species of predominantly thermophilic character are absent, including Lonicera alpigena and Pulmonaria visianii, whic

Crna joha (Alnus glutinosa) raste u okolici Đurđevca u Podravini u čistim i mješovitim sastojinama na približno 2000 ha i važna je gospodarska vrsta drveća. Podravske sastojine nadaleko su poznate po bujnom uzrastu, visokovrijednom drvu, a s fitocenološkoga stajališta po prirodnom, raznovrsnom i bogatom sastavu. U svojoj disertaciji Glavač (1960) je detaljno istražio i opisao dvije asocijacije u kojima prevladava crna joha: na staništima koja su poplavljena stajaćom vodom utvrđena je fitocenoza crne johe s dugoklasim šašem (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae), a na nju se sukcesivno nadovezuje mnogo suša zajednica crne johe i poljskoga jasena sa sremzom (Pruno-Fraxinetum). Obje su asocijacije bile prije toga istražene i opisane u Europi. Glavač je fitocenoze prikazao u sintetskim tablicama s 28 snimaka, utvrdio je njihov florni sastav, sistematsku pripadnost, sindinamiku, raščlanjenost i ostale značajke. Od Glavačevih istraživanja u proteklih pedesetak godina izgrađene su hidrocentrale na rijeci Dravi, promijenjeni ostali ekološki uvjeti i obnovljena većina crnojohovih šuma. To nas je ponukalo da recentnim fitocenološkim istraživanjima pokušamo utvrditi posljedice promjena na građu, dinamiku i strukturu sastojina u dvjema spomenutim asocijacijama. Na temelju 26 fitocenoloških snimaka i ostalih relevantnih podataka općenito smo utvrdili promjene u flornom sastavu u smjeru nestajanja hidrofita i higrofita i proširenju vrsta suših staništa, sukladno tomu znatnu promjenu odnosa površina istraživanih zajednica, njihova sindinamskoga razvoja i raščlanjenosti. U članku se govori i o problematici i potrebama detaljne fitocenološke razrade ostalih crnojohovih šuma u Hrvatskoj koje su istraživane relativno ekstenzivno i opisane u četiri asocijacije. U tom smislu obrazlaže se potreba šire analize i nastavka istraživanja., Forests of common alder in Croatia cover approximately 8000 ha (Prpić and Milković 2005). The most valuable stands are found in the management unit Đurđevačke nizinske šume in Podravina. In this area common alder forms pure or mixed stand extending over about 2000 ha. The stands manifest distinctly regular growth of good quality. From a phytocoenological aspect they are characterized by a natural, diverse and rich composition. The two associations dominated by common alder were studied and described in detail by M. Glavač in his dissertation of 1960. These associations include the phytocoenosis of common alder and elongated sedge (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae) growing in floodplain sites with stagnant water and micro-depressions, and a much drier community of common alder and narrow-leaved ash with birdcherry (Pruno-Fraxinetum) continuing onto the former community. There have been many changes in the past fifty years elapsing since the research by Glavač, including the construction of hydropower stations on the river Drava, drastic ecological transformations and regeneration of the majority of common alder forests. We have undertaken phytocoenological research in order to assess the consequences of the changes on the structure, dynamics and composition of these two associations. The planned field research was carried out in the vegetation period of 2006 using the standard method of the Braun-Blanquet school. In doing so, we were able to analyze and compare the findings, since former research was also conducted using the same method. Stands with a stable floral composition aged 50 and over were used for relevés. The relevés were sized 20 × 20 m on average. A total of 28 relevés were made: 7 in the forest of common alder with elongated sedge and the rest in the association Pruno-Fraxinetum. Mosses were not considered. The forest of common alder with elongated sedge (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae W. Koch 1926) in Podravina grows on peat and base-rich, humu

U radu se fitocenološki analiziraju mješovite sastojine jele i crnoga graba (Ostryo-Abietetum/Fukarek 1963/Trinajstić 1983) u vinodolskom zaleđu. Iako su već istraživane (Rac 1995) u fitocenološkom smislu je izostala cjelovita analiza i usporedba s ostalim područjima Hrvatske. Zajednica je predstavljena s deset snimaka načinjenih u očuvanijim i suvislijim kompleksima na približno 250 ha njezina rasprostranjenja i nadmorskim visinama od 700 do 900 m. Ukupno su registrirane 84 vrste, prosječno po snimci 41, a njihova sociološka pripadnost relativno je složena, što su pokazala i prijašnja istraživanja na Biokovu (Trinajstić 1983, 1987). U odnosu na biokovske sastojine zabilježene su 54 nove vrste, a izostaje 46, među njima Pulmonaria visianii i Lonicera alpigena izdvojene kao svojstvene vrste asocijacije. U sloju drveća dominira Abies alba, podstojno i Ostrya carpinifolia, a u sloju grmlja pridolaze 34 vrste, bujnošću dominiraju one termofilne svojstvene za red Quercetalia pubescentis. U sloju prizemnog rašća prevladavaju mezofilne vrste reda Fagetalia i sveze Aremonio-Fagion i termofilna vrsta Sesleria autumnalis. Također je za vinodolske sastojine specifičan pridolazak hrasta kitnjaka i nekih drugih vrsta slabije izražene socijalne pripadnosti i mezofilnoga karaktera. Sastojine zajednice Ostryo-Abietetum su uglavnom zaštitne panjače trajno otvorenog sklopa i obrasta uglavnom oko 50 %., In Croatia, the forest community Ostryo-Abietetum (Fukarek 1963) Trinajstić 1983 was found on Mt. Biokovo (Trinajstić 1983, 1987) and on Kapela (Rac et Lovrić 1987, Rac 1995). Only five relevés have been published in scientific literature. Since the floral composition has not been analyzed and compared in more detail, the studied phytocoenosis is insufficiently known. Phytocoenological research was conducted following the classical principles of the Braun-Blanquet School (1964). Forests of fir with hop hornbeam were presented on the basis of ten relevés from the Vinodol area and five from Biokovo. Plant nomenclature was adjusted according to Ehrendorfer (1973), while plant-sociological affiliation and biological form of the species were based on the work generally used for this purpose. Phytocoenological research into the stands of the community Ostryo-Abietetum in Vinodol showed syntaxonomic affiliation in the sense of Marinček et al. (1993) in accordance with international syntaxonomic rules (Weber et al. 2000). A total of 84 species were registered in ten phytocoenological relevés. On average, there were 41 species per relevé. Abies alba prevails in the dominant layer, Ostrya carpinifolia in the intermediate layer and thermophilic species of the order Quercetalia pubescentis in the shrub layer. The layer of herbaceous vegetation is dominated by the species of the order Fagetalia and the alliance Aremonio-Fagion and by the thermophilic species Sesleria autumnalis. The forest phytocoenosis of fir with hop hornbeam occurs over approximately 250 ha in the study area (Racić 2001). Compared to past phytocoenological relevés of this community in Croatia, 54 new species have been registered. Those of mesophilic character and beech forests prevail, which completes the knowledge of the phytocoenosis Ostryo-Abietetum. In relation to the stands on Biokovo, 46 species of predominantly thermophilic character are absent, including Lonicera alpigena and Pulmonaria visianii, whic

Crna joha (Alnus glutinosa) raste u okolici Đurđevca u Podravini u čistim i mješovitim sastojinama na približno 2000 ha i važna je gospodarska vrsta drveća. Podravske sastojine nadaleko su poznate po bujnom uzrastu, visokovrijednom drvu, a s fitocenološkoga stajališta po prirodnom, raznovrsnom i bogatom sastavu. U svojoj disertaciji Glavač (1960) je detaljno istražio i opisao dvije asocijacije u kojima prevladava crna joha: na staništima koja su poplavljena stajaćom vodom utvrđena je fitocenoza crne johe s dugoklasim šašem (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae), a na nju se sukcesivno nadovezuje mnogo suša zajednica crne johe i poljskoga jasena sa sremzom (Pruno-Fraxinetum). Obje su asocijacije bile prije toga istražene i opisane u Europi. Glavač je fitocenoze prikazao u sintetskim tablicama s 28 snimaka, utvrdio je njihov florni sastav, sistematsku pripadnost, sindinamiku, raščlanjenost i ostale značajke. Od Glavačevih istraživanja u proteklih pedesetak godina izgrađene su hidrocentrale na rijeci Dravi, promijenjeni ostali ekološki uvjeti i obnovljena većina crnojohovih šuma. To nas je ponukalo da recentnim fitocenološkim istraživanjima pokušamo utvrditi posljedice promjena na građu, dinamiku i strukturu sastojina u dvjema spomenutim asocijacijama. Na temelju 26 fitocenoloških snimaka i ostalih relevantnih podataka općenito smo utvrdili promjene u flornom sastavu u smjeru nestajanja hidrofita i higrofita i proširenju vrsta suših staništa, sukladno tomu znatnu promjenu odnosa površina istraživanih zajednica, njihova sindinamskoga razvoja i raščlanjenosti. U članku se govori i o problematici i potrebama detaljne fitocenološke razrade ostalih crnojohovih šuma u Hrvatskoj koje su istraživane relativno ekstenzivno i opisane u četiri asocijacije. U tom smislu obrazlaže se potreba šire analize i nastavka istraživanja., Forests of common alder in Croatia cover approximately 8000 ha (Prpić and Milković 2005). The most valuable stands are found in the management unit Đurđevačke nizinske šume in Podravina. In this area common alder forms pure or mixed stand extending over about 2000 ha. The stands manifest distinctly regular growth of good quality. From a phytocoenological aspect they are characterized by a natural, diverse and rich composition. The two associations dominated by common alder were studied and described in detail by M. Glavač in his dissertation of 1960. These associations include the phytocoenosis of common alder and elongated sedge (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae) growing in floodplain sites with stagnant water and micro-depressions, and a much drier community of common alder and narrow-leaved ash with birdcherry (Pruno-Fraxinetum) continuing onto the former community. There have been many changes in the past fifty years elapsing since the research by Glavač, including the construction of hydropower stations on the river Drava, drastic ecological transformations and regeneration of the majority of common alder forests. We have undertaken phytocoenological research in order to assess the consequences of the changes on the structure, dynamics and composition of these two associations. The planned field research was carried out in the vegetation period of 2006 using the standard method of the Braun-Blanquet school. In doing so, we were able to analyze and compare the findings, since former research was also conducted using the same method. Stands with a stable floral composition aged 50 and over were used for relevés. The relevés were sized 20 × 20 m on average. A total of 28 relevés were made: 7 in the forest of common alder with elongated sedge and the rest in the association Pruno-Fraxinetum. Mosses were not considered. The forest of common alder with elongated sedge (Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae W. Koch 1926) in Podravina grows on peat and base-rich, humu