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44 results on '"Franz B"'

1. Neonatal sepsis and cardiovascular dysfunction I: mechanisms and pathophysiology

Author

Neonatologie Zorg, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Duignan, Sophie M., Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Armstrong, Kathryn, de Boode, Willem P., El-Khuffash, Afif, Franklin, Orla, Molloy, Eleanor J., Plötz, Franz B., Strunk, Tobias, Degtyareva, Marina, Küster, Helmut, Giannoni, Eric, Bliss, Joseph M., Taal, H. Rob, Klingenberg, Claus, Naver, Lars, van den Hoogen, Agnes, Neonatologie Zorg, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Duignan, Sophie M., Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Armstrong, Kathryn, de Boode, Willem P., El-Khuffash, Afif, Franklin, Orla, Molloy, Eleanor J., Plötz, Franz B., Strunk, Tobias, Degtyareva, Marina, Küster, Helmut, Giannoni, Eric, Bliss, Joseph M., Taal, H. Rob, Klingenberg, Claus, Naver, Lars, and van den Hoogen, Agnes

Published
2024

2. Lifecycle HTA: Promising applications and a framework for implementation

Author

Pichler, Franz B, Boysen, Meindert, Mittmann, Nicole, Gilardino, Ramiro, Bruce, Andrew, Bond, Ken, Vreman, Rick A, Largeron, Nathalie, Banhazi, Judit, Ollendorf, Daniel A, Jain, Mohit, Upadhyaya, Sheela, Goettsch, Wim G, Pichler, Franz B, Boysen, Meindert, Mittmann, Nicole, Gilardino, Ramiro, Bruce, Andrew, Bond, Ken, Vreman, Rick A, Largeron, Nathalie, Banhazi, Judit, Ollendorf, Daniel A, Jain, Mohit, Upadhyaya, Sheela, and Goettsch, Wim G

Abstract

The 2022 Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Global Policy Forum (GPF) established the goal of developing a position statement and framework for lifecycle HTA (LC-HTA), through a Task Force leveraging multi-stakeholder monthly discussions and GPF member input. The Task Force developed a working definition: LC-HTA is a systematic process utilizing sequential HTA activities to inform decision-making where the evidence base, the health technology itself, or the context in which it is applied, has a potential to meaningfully change at different points in its lifecycle. Four key scenarios were identified where it was considered that an LC-HTA approach would add sufficient value to HTA bodies and their key stakeholders to justify the additional resource burden. Based on the four scenarios, a high-level LC-HTA framework was developed consisting of 1) defining the decision problem, 2) sequencing of HTA activities, and 3) developing optimization criteria. Subsequently, the Task Force developed operationalization guidance for LC-HTA in a companion paper.

Published
2024

3. Lifecycle HTA: Promising applications and a framework for implementation

Author

Afd Pharmacoepi & Clinical Pharmacology, PECP - Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Pichler, Franz B, Boysen, Meindert, Mittmann, Nicole, Gilardino, Ramiro, Bruce, Andrew, Bond, Ken, Vreman, Rick A, Largeron, Nathalie, Banhazi, Judit, Ollendorf, Daniel A, Jain, Mohit, Upadhyaya, Sheela, Goettsch, Wim G, Afd Pharmacoepi & Clinical Pharmacology, PECP - Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation, Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Pichler, Franz B, Boysen, Meindert, Mittmann, Nicole, Gilardino, Ramiro, Bruce, Andrew, Bond, Ken, Vreman, Rick A, Largeron, Nathalie, Banhazi, Judit, Ollendorf, Daniel A, Jain, Mohit, Upadhyaya, Sheela, and Goettsch, Wim G

Published
2024

4. Der Vorsorgeauftrag im System selbstbestimmter Vorsorge

Author

Franz, Beat, Mooser, Michel, Franz, B ( Beat ), Mooser, M ( Michel ), Boente, Walter; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-051X, Zilian, Fiona, Franz, Beat, Mooser, Michel, Franz, B ( Beat ), Mooser, M ( Michel ), Boente, Walter; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-051X, and Zilian, Fiona

Published
2023

5. Erstrechnen

Author

Heimlich, Ulrich, Wember, Franz B, Heimlich, U ( Ulrich ), Wember, F B ( Franz B ), Kuratli Geeler, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7899, Moser Opitz, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4770, Schnepel, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3581-4253, Heimlich, Ulrich, Wember, Franz B, Heimlich, U ( Ulrich ), Wember, F B ( Franz B ), Kuratli Geeler, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-7899, Moser Opitz, Elisabeth; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-4770, and Schnepel, Susanne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3581-4253

Published
2020

6. Sleep Physiology, Circadian Rhythms, Waking Performance and the Development of Sleep-Wake Therapeutics

Author

Barret, James E, Flockerzi, Veit, Frohmann, Michael A, Gepetti, Pierangelo, Hofmann, Franz B, Michel, Martin C, Page, Clive P, Rosenthal, Walter, Wang, KeWei, Barret, J E ( James E ), Flockerzi, V ( Veit ), Frohmann, M A ( Michael A ), Gepetti, P ( Pierangelo ), Hofmann, F B ( Franz B ), Michel, M C ( Martin C ), Page, C P ( Clive P ), Rosenthal, W ( Walter ), Wang, K ( KeWei ), Dijk, Derk-Jan, Landolt, Hans-Peter, Barret, James E, Flockerzi, Veit, Frohmann, Michael A, Gepetti, Pierangelo, Hofmann, Franz B, Michel, Martin C, Page, Clive P, Rosenthal, Walter, Wang, KeWei, Barret, J E ( James E ), Flockerzi, V ( Veit ), Frohmann, M A ( Michael A ), Gepetti, P ( Pierangelo ), Hofmann, F B ( Franz B ), Michel, M C ( Martin C ), Page, C P ( Clive P ), Rosenthal, W ( Walter ), Wang, K ( KeWei ), Dijk, Derk-Jan, and Landolt, Hans-Peter

Abstract

Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle are highly prevalent and diverse. The aetiology of some sleep disorders, such as circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, is understood at the conceptual level of the circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and in part at a mechanistic level. Other disorders such as insomnia are more difficult to relate to sleep regulatory mechanisms or sleep physiology. To further our understanding of sleep-wake disorders and the potential of novel therapeutics, we discuss recent findings on the neurobiology of sleep regulation and circadian rhythmicity and its relation with the subjective experience of sleep and the quality of wakefulness. Sleep continuity and to some extent REM sleep emerge as determinants of subjective sleep quality and waking performance. The effects of insufficient sleep primarily concern subjective and objective sleepiness as well as vigilant attention, whereas performance on higher cognitive functions appears to be better preserved albeit at the cost of increased effort. We discuss age-related, sex and other trait-like differences in sleep physiology and sleep need and compare the effects of existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological sleep- and wake-promoting treatments. Successful non-pharmacological approaches such as sleep restriction for insomnia and light and melatonin treatment for circadian rhythm sleep disorders target processes such as sleep homeostasis or circadian rhythmicity. Most pharmacological treatments of sleep disorders target specific signalling pathways with no well-established role in either sleep homeostasis or circadian rhythmicity. Pharmacological sleep therapeutics induce changes in sleep structure and the sleep EEG which are specific to the mechanism of action of the drug. Sleep- and wake-promoting therapeutics often induce residual effects on waking performance and sleep, respectively. The need for novel therapeutic approaches continues not at least because of the societal demand to sl

Published
2019

7. A comparative study of the forms of slavery

Author

Steiner, Franz B.

Subjects
306.3, Slavery
Abstract

This thesis is composed of three parts all of which are to form the introduction to a general sociology of slavery. The first part is a theoretical introduction. In it first of all the meaning of the word 'Slave' is discussed, but the word is not defined as a scientific term. The changing and accumulating meanings are illustrated from 18th and 19thcentury dictionaries. Thus some insight is gained into our conditioning in using the word, and pseudo-scientific questions,arising out of this accumulation of meanings can be excluded from our inquiry. Placing slavery in a classification of the institutions of social inequality, we can define “servile institutions" as institutions 'sui generis', just as the three other main kinds: rank systems, class and caste structures. The relation between servility and the organisation of labour is outlined. This necessitates some general remarks on the meaning of ‘labour' as a sociological term which tend to be rather critical of attempts to describe labour in terms of motives. Two types of labour are thought to be particularly important in relation to servility: communal labour, that is the performing by many in unison of the same work, and menial labour, which, in the sense used here, causes a person to be exempt from the application of the sexual division of labour. The next section deals with relationships existing between individuals which involve a degree of servility, but do not express a desire to have this servility perpetuated, which thus does not form part of the basic structure. These institutions called here pre-servile which sometimes are confused with Slavery, develop in processes of social integration of detached persons (prisoners of war, offenders, orphans, bastards etc.)and are distinguished from pure slavery. The third part deals with a group of pre-servile institutions arising out of economic symbiosis of two societies of different 'densité morale'. In these institutions of extra-tribal patronage and servile symbiosis we find arrangements of social asymmetry and a tendency toward servile forms of labour which is rare in the former group of pre-servile institutions. Home attention is given to the relation between structural permanence of the institutions and the differentiation of labour forms. There exists a correlation of this kind, but no causal nexus.

Published
1949

8. State of the Climate in 2018

Author

Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Dunn, R. J. H., Stanitski, D. M., Gobron, N., Willett, K. M., Sanchez-lugo, A., Berrisford, P., Morice, C., Nicolas, Jp, Carrea, L., Woolway, R. I., Merchant, C. J., Dokulil, M. T., De Eyto, E., Degasperi, C. L., Korhonen, J., Marszelewski, W., May, L., Paterson, A. M., Rusak, J. A., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, M., Verburg, P., Watanabe, S., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., King, A. D., Donat, M. G., Christy, J. R., Po-chedley, S., Mears, C. R., Haimberger, L., Covey, C., Randel, W., Noetzli, J., Biskaborn, B. K., Christiansen, H. H., Isaksen, K., Schoeneich, P., Smith, S., Vieira, G., Zhao, L., Streletskiy, D. A., Robinson, D. A., Pelto, M., Berry, D. I., Bosilovich, M. G., Simmons, A. J., Mears, C., Ho, S. P., Bock, O., Zhou, X., Nicolas, J, Vose, R. S., Adler, R., Gu, G., Becker, A., Yin, X, Tye, M. R., Blenkinsop, S., Durre, I., Ziese, M., Collow, A. B. Marquardt, Rustemeier, E., Foster, M. J., Di Girolamo, L., Frey, R. A., Heidinger, A. K., Sun-mack, S., Phillips, C., Menzel, W. P., Stengel, M., Zhao, G., Kim, H., Rodell, M., Li, B., Famiglietti, J. S., Scanlon, T., Van Der Schalie, R., Preimesberger, W., Reimer, C., Hahn, S., Gruber, A., Kidd, R., De Jeu, R. A. M., Dorigo, W. A., Barichivich, J., Osborn, T. J., Harris, I., Van Der Schrier, G., Jones, P. D., Miralles, D. G., Martens, B., Beck, H. E., Dolman, A. J., Jimenez, C., Mccabe, M. F., Wood, E. F., Allan, R., Azorin-molina, C., Mears, C. A., Mcvicar, T. R., Mayer, M., Schenzinger, V., Hersbach, H., Stackhouse, P. W., Jr., Wong, T., Kratz, D. P., Sawaengphokhai, P., Wilber, A. C., Gupta, S. K., Loeb, N. G., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hall, B. D., Montzka, S. A., Dutton, G., Muhle, J., Elkins, J. W., Miller, Br, Remy, S., Bellouin, N., Kipling, Z., Ades, M., Benedetti, A., Boucher, O., Weber, M., Steinbrecht, W., Arosio, C., Van Der A, R., Frith, S. M., Anderson, J., Coldewey-egbers, M., Davis, S., Degenstein, D., Fioletov, V. E., Froidevaux, L., Hubert, D., Long, C. S., Loyola, D., Rozanov, A., Roth, C., Sofieva, V., Tourpali, K., Wang, R., Wild, J. D., Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Hurst, D. F., Selkirk, H. B., Vomel, H., Ziemke, J. R., Cooper, O. R., Flemming, J., Inness, A., Pinty, B., Kaiser, J. W., Van Der Werf, G. R., Hemming, D. L., Garforth, J., Park, T., Richardson, A. D., Rutishauser, T., Sparks, T. H., Thackeray, S. J., Myneni, R., Lumpkin, R., Huang, B., Kennedy, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, H. -m., Hu, C., Wang, M., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Domingues, C. M., Gilson, J., Ishii, M., Killick, R. E., Monselesan, D., Purkey, S. G., Wijffels, S. E., Locarnini, R., Yu, L., Jin, X., Stackhouse, P. W., Kato, S., Weller, R. A., Thompson, P. R., Widlansky, M. J., Leuliette, E., Sweet, W., Chambers, D. P., Hamlington, B. D., Jevrejeva, S., Marra, J. J., Merrifield, M. A., Mitchum, G. T., Nerem, R. S., Kelble, C., Karnauskas, M., Hubbard, K., Goni, G., Streeter, C., Dohan, K., Franz, B. A., Cetinic, I., Karakoylu, E. M., Siegel, D. A., Westberry, T. K., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Carter, B. R., Landschutzer, P., Sutton, A. J., Cosca, C., Trinanes, J. A., Baxter, S., Schreck, C., Bell, G. D., Mullan, A. B., Pezza, A. B., Coelho, C. A. S., Wang, B., He, Q., Diamond, H. J., Schreck, C. J., Blake, E. S., Landsea, C. W., Wang, H., Goldenberg, S. B., Pasch, R. J., Klotzbach, P. J., Kruk, M. C., Camargo, S. J., Trewin, B. C., Pearce, P. R., Lorrey, A. M., Domingues, R., Goni, G. J., Knaff, J. A., Lin, I. -i., Bringas, F., Richter-menge, J., Osborne, E., Druckenmiller, M., Jeffries, M. O., Overland, J. E., Hanna, E., Hanssen-bauer, I., Kim, S. -j., Walsh, J. E., Bhatt, U. S., Timmermans, M. -l., Ladd, C., Perovich, D., Meier, W., Tschudi, M., Farrell, S., Hendricks, S., Gerland, S., Haas, C., Krumpen, T., Polashenski, C., Ricker, R, Webster, M., Stabeno, P. J., Tedesco, M., Box, J. E., Cappelen, J., Fausto, R. S., Fettweis, X., Andersen, J. K., Mote, T., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L., Shiklomanov, N. I., Kholodov, A. L., Drozdov, D. S., Malkova, G. V., Marchenko, S. S., Jella, K. B., Mudryk, L., Brown, R., Derksen, C., Luojus, K., Decharme, B., Holmes, R. M., Shiklomanov, A. I., Suslova, A., Tretiakov, M., Mcclelland, J. W., Spencer, R. G. M., Tank, S. E., Epstein, H., Bhatt, U., Raynolds, M., Walker, D., Forbes, B., Phoenix, G., Bjerke, J., Tommervik, H., Karlsen, S. -r., Goetz, S., Jia, G., Bernhard, G. H., Grooss, J. -u., Ialongo, I., Johnsen, B., Lakkala, K., Manney, G. L., Mueller, R., Scambos, T., Stammerjohn, S., Clem, K. R., Barreira, S., Fogt, R. L., Colwell, S., Keller, L. M., Lazzara, M. A., Reid, P., Massom, R. A., Lieser, J. L., Meijers, A., Sallee, J. -b., Grey, A., Johnson, K., Arrigo, K., Swart, S., King, B., Meredith, M., Mazloff, M., Scardilli, A., Claus, F., Shuman, C. A., Kramarova, N., Newman, P. A., Nash, E. R., Strahan, S. E., Johnson, B., Pitts, M., Santee, M. L., Petropavlovskikh, I., Braathen, G. O., Coy, L., De Laat, J., Bissolli, P., Ganter, C., Li, T., Mekonnen, A., Gleason, K., Smith, A., Fenimore, C., Heim, R. R., Jr., Nauslar, N. J., Brown, T. J., Mcevoy, D. J., Lareau, N. P., Amador, J. A., Hidalgo, H. G., Alfaro, E. J., Calderon, B., Mora, N., Stephenson, T. S., Taylor, M. A., Trotman, A. R., Van Meerbeeck, C. J., Campbell, J. D., Brown, A., Spence, J., Martinez, R., Diaz, E., Marin, D., Hernandez, R., Caceres, L., Zambrano, E., Nieto, J., Marengo, J. A., Espinoza, J. C., Alves, L. M., Ronchail, J., Lavado-casimiro, J. W., Ramos, I., Davila, C., Ramos, A. M., Diniz, F. A., Aliaga-nestares, V., Castro, A. Y., Stella, J. L., Aldeco, L. S., Diaz, D. A. Campos, Misevicius, N., Kabidi, K., Sayouri, A., Elkharrim, M., Mostafa, A. E., Hagos, S., Feng, Z., Ijampy, J. A., Sima, F., Francis, S. D., Tsidu, G. Mengistu, Kruger, A. C., Mcbride, C., Jumaux, G., Dhurmea, K. R., Belmont, M., Rakotoarimalala, C. L., Labbe, L., Rosner, B., Benedict, I., Van Heerwaarden, C., Weerts, A., Hazeleger, W., Trachte, K., Zhu, Z., Zhang, P., Lee, T. C., Ripaldi, A., Mochizuki, Y., Lim, J. -y, Oyunjargal, L., Timbal, B., Srivastava, A. K., Revadekar, J. V., Rajeevan, M., Shimpo, A., Khoshkam, M., Kazemi, A. Fazl, Zeyaeyan, S., Lander, M. A., Mcgree, S., Tobin, S., Bettio, L., Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Dunn, R. J. H., Stanitski, D. M., Gobron, N., Willett, K. M., Sanchez-lugo, A., Berrisford, P., Morice, C., Nicolas, Jp, Carrea, L., Woolway, R. I., Merchant, C. J., Dokulil, M. T., De Eyto, E., Degasperi, C. L., Korhonen, J., Marszelewski, W., May, L., Paterson, A. M., Rusak, J. A., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, M., Verburg, P., Watanabe, S., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., King, A. D., Donat, M. G., Christy, J. R., Po-chedley, S., Mears, C. R., Haimberger, L., Covey, C., Randel, W., Noetzli, J., Biskaborn, B. K., Christiansen, H. H., Isaksen, K., Schoeneich, P., Smith, S., Vieira, G., Zhao, L., Streletskiy, D. A., Robinson, D. A., Pelto, M., Berry, D. I., Bosilovich, M. G., Simmons, A. J., Mears, C., Ho, S. P., Bock, O., Zhou, X., Nicolas, J, Vose, R. S., Adler, R., Gu, G., Becker, A., Yin, X, Tye, M. R., Blenkinsop, S., Durre, I., Ziese, M., Collow, A. B. Marquardt, Rustemeier, E., Foster, M. J., Di Girolamo, L., Frey, R. A., Heidinger, A. K., Sun-mack, S., Phillips, C., Menzel, W. P., Stengel, M., Zhao, G., Kim, H., Rodell, M., Li, B., Famiglietti, J. S., Scanlon, T., Van Der Schalie, R., Preimesberger, W., Reimer, C., Hahn, S., Gruber, A., Kidd, R., De Jeu, R. A. M., Dorigo, W. A., Barichivich, J., Osborn, T. J., Harris, I., Van Der Schrier, G., Jones, P. D., Miralles, D. G., Martens, B., Beck, H. E., Dolman, A. J., Jimenez, C., Mccabe, M. F., Wood, E. F., Allan, R., Azorin-molina, C., Mears, C. A., Mcvicar, T. R., Mayer, M., Schenzinger, V., Hersbach, H., Stackhouse, P. W., Jr., Wong, T., Kratz, D. P., Sawaengphokhai, P., Wilber, A. C., Gupta, S. K., Loeb, N. G., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hall, B. D., Montzka, S. A., Dutton, G., Muhle, J., Elkins, J. W., Miller, Br, Remy, S., Bellouin, N., Kipling, Z., Ades, M., Benedetti, A., Boucher, O., Weber, M., Steinbrecht, W., Arosio, C., Van Der A, R., Frith, S. M., Anderson, J., Coldewey-egbers, M., Davis, S., Degenstein, D., Fioletov, V. E., Froidevaux, L., Hubert, D., Long, C. S., Loyola, D., Rozanov, A., Roth, C., Sofieva, V., Tourpali, K., Wang, R., Wild, J. D., Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Hurst, D. F., Selkirk, H. B., Vomel, H., Ziemke, J. R., Cooper, O. R., Flemming, J., Inness, A., Pinty, B., Kaiser, J. W., Van Der Werf, G. R., Hemming, D. L., Garforth, J., Park, T., Richardson, A. D., Rutishauser, T., Sparks, T. H., Thackeray, S. J., Myneni, R., Lumpkin, R., Huang, B., Kennedy, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, H. -m., Hu, C., Wang, M., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Domingues, C. M., Gilson, J., Ishii, M., Killick, R. E., Monselesan, D., Purkey, S. G., Wijffels, S. E., Locarnini, R., Yu, L., Jin, X., Stackhouse, P. W., Kato, S., Weller, R. A., Thompson, P. R., Widlansky, M. J., Leuliette, E., Sweet, W., Chambers, D. P., Hamlington, B. D., Jevrejeva, S., Marra, J. J., Merrifield, M. A., Mitchum, G. T., Nerem, R. S., Kelble, C., Karnauskas, M., Hubbard, K., Goni, G., Streeter, C., Dohan, K., Franz, B. A., Cetinic, I., Karakoylu, E. M., Siegel, D. A., Westberry, T. K., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Carter, B. R., Landschutzer, P., Sutton, A. J., Cosca, C., Trinanes, J. A., Baxter, S., Schreck, C., Bell, G. D., Mullan, A. B., Pezza, A. B., Coelho, C. A. S., Wang, B., He, Q., Diamond, H. J., Schreck, C. J., Blake, E. S., Landsea, C. W., Wang, H., Goldenberg, S. B., Pasch, R. J., Klotzbach, P. J., Kruk, M. C., Camargo, S. J., Trewin, B. C., Pearce, P. R., Lorrey, A. M., Domingues, R., Goni, G. J., Knaff, J. A., Lin, I. -i., Bringas, F., Richter-menge, J., Osborne, E., Druckenmiller, M., Jeffries, M. O., Overland, J. E., Hanna, E., Hanssen-bauer, I., Kim, S. -j., Walsh, J. E., Bhatt, U. S., Timmermans, M. -l., Ladd, C., Perovich, D., Meier, W., Tschudi, M., Farrell, S., Hendricks, S., Gerland, S., Haas, C., Krumpen, T., Polashenski, C., Ricker, R, Webster, M., Stabeno, P. J., Tedesco, M., Box, J. E., Cappelen, J., Fausto, R. S., Fettweis, X., Andersen, J. K., Mote, T., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Van As, D., Van De Wal, R. S. W., Romanovsky, V. E., Smith, S. L., Shiklomanov, N. I., Kholodov, A. L., Drozdov, D. S., Malkova, G. V., Marchenko, S. S., Jella, K. B., Mudryk, L., Brown, R., Derksen, C., Luojus, K., Decharme, B., Holmes, R. M., Shiklomanov, A. I., Suslova, A., Tretiakov, M., Mcclelland, J. W., Spencer, R. G. M., Tank, S. E., Epstein, H., Bhatt, U., Raynolds, M., Walker, D., Forbes, B., Phoenix, G., Bjerke, J., Tommervik, H., Karlsen, S. -r., Goetz, S., Jia, G., Bernhard, G. H., Grooss, J. -u., Ialongo, I., Johnsen, B., Lakkala, K., Manney, G. L., Mueller, R., Scambos, T., Stammerjohn, S., Clem, K. R., Barreira, S., Fogt, R. L., Colwell, S., Keller, L. M., Lazzara, M. A., Reid, P., Massom, R. A., Lieser, J. L., Meijers, A., Sallee, J. -b., Grey, A., Johnson, K., Arrigo, K., Swart, S., King, B., Meredith, M., Mazloff, M., Scardilli, A., Claus, F., Shuman, C. A., Kramarova, N., Newman, P. A., Nash, E. R., Strahan, S. E., Johnson, B., Pitts, M., Santee, M. L., Petropavlovskikh, I., Braathen, G. O., Coy, L., De Laat, J., Bissolli, P., Ganter, C., Li, T., Mekonnen, A., Gleason, K., Smith, A., Fenimore, C., Heim, R. R., Jr., Nauslar, N. J., Brown, T. J., Mcevoy, D. J., Lareau, N. P., Amador, J. A., Hidalgo, H. G., Alfaro, E. J., Calderon, B., Mora, N., Stephenson, T. S., Taylor, M. A., Trotman, A. R., Van Meerbeeck, C. J., Campbell, J. D., Brown, A., Spence, J., Martinez, R., Diaz, E., Marin, D., Hernandez, R., Caceres, L., Zambrano, E., Nieto, J., Marengo, J. A., Espinoza, J. C., Alves, L. M., Ronchail, J., Lavado-casimiro, J. W., Ramos, I., Davila, C., Ramos, A. M., Diniz, F. A., Aliaga-nestares, V., Castro, A. Y., Stella, J. L., Aldeco, L. S., Diaz, D. A. Campos, Misevicius, N., Kabidi, K., Sayouri, A., Elkharrim, M., Mostafa, A. E., Hagos, S., Feng, Z., Ijampy, J. A., Sima, F., Francis, S. D., Tsidu, G. Mengistu, Kruger, A. C., Mcbride, C., Jumaux, G., Dhurmea, K. R., Belmont, M., Rakotoarimalala, C. L., Labbe, L., Rosner, B., Benedict, I., Van Heerwaarden, C., Weerts, A., Hazeleger, W., Trachte, K., Zhu, Z., Zhang, P., Lee, T. C., Ripaldi, A., Mochizuki, Y., Lim, J. -y, Oyunjargal, L., Timbal, B., Srivastava, A. K., Revadekar, J. V., Rajeevan, M., Shimpo, A., Khoshkam, M., Kazemi, A. Fazl, Zeyaeyan, S., Lander, M. A., Mcgree, S., Tobin, S., and Bettio, L.

Published
2019

9. Satellite sensor requirements for monitoring essential biodiversity variables of coastal ecosystems.

Author

Muller-Karger, F. E., Hestir, E., Ade, C., Turpie, K., Roberts, D., Siegel, D., Miller, R., Humm, D., Izenberg, N., Keller, M., Morgan, F., Frouin R., R., Dekker, A., Gardner, R., Goodman, J., Schaeffer, B., Franz, B., Pahlevan, N., Mannino, A. G., Concha, J. A., Ackleson, S. G., Najjar, R., Cavanaugh, K., Romanou, A., Tzortziou, M., Boss, E., Pavlick, R., Schimel, D., Freeman, A., Rousseaux, R. S., Dunne, J., Long, M., Klein, E., McKinley, G., Letelier, R., Roffer, M., Goes, J., Bracher, Astrid, Arrigo, K. R., Dierssen, H., Zhang, X., Davis, F., Best, B., Guralnick, R., Moisan, J., Sosik, H. M., Kavanaugh, M., Kudela, R., Mouw, C. B., Barnard, A., Palacios, S., Roessler, C., Drakou, E., Appeltans, W., Muller-Karger, F. E., Hestir, E., Ade, C., Turpie, K., Roberts, D., Siegel, D., Miller, R., Humm, D., Izenberg, N., Keller, M., Morgan, F., Frouin R., R., Dekker, A., Gardner, R., Goodman, J., Schaeffer, B., Franz, B., Pahlevan, N., Mannino, A. G., Concha, J. A., Ackleson, S. G., Najjar, R., Cavanaugh, K., Romanou, A., Tzortziou, M., Boss, E., Pavlick, R., Schimel, D., Freeman, A., Rousseaux, R. S., Dunne, J., Long, M., Klein, E., McKinley, G., Letelier, R., Roffer, M., Goes, J., Bracher, Astrid, Arrigo, K. R., Dierssen, H., Zhang, X., Davis, F., Best, B., Guralnick, R., Moisan, J., Sosik, H. M., Kavanaugh, M., Kudela, R., Mouw, C. B., Barnard, A., Palacios, S., Roessler, C., Drakou, E., and Appeltans, W.

Abstract

The biodiversity and high productivity of coastal terrestrial and aquatic habitats are the foundation for important benefits to human societies around the world. These globally distributed habitats need frequent and broad systematic assessments, but field surveys only cover a small fraction of these areas. Satellite-based sensors can repeatedly record the visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra that contain the absorption, scattering, and fluorescence signatures of functional phytoplankton groups, colored dissolved matter, and particulate matter near the surface ocean, and of biologically structured habitats (floating and emergent vegetation, benthic habitats like coral, seagrass, and algae). These measures can be incorporated into Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs), including the distribution, abundance, and traits of groups of species populations, and used to evaluate habitat fragmentation. However, current and planned satellites are not designed to observe the EBVs that change rapidly with extreme tides, salinity, temperatures, storms, pollution, or physical habitat destruction over scales relevant to human activity. Making these observations requires a new generation of satellite sensors able to sample with these combined characteristics: (1) spatial resolution on the order of 30 to 100-m pixels or smaller; (2) spectral resolution on the order of 5 nm in the visible and 10 nm in the short-wave infrared spectrum (or at least two or more bands at 1,030, 1,240, 1,630, 2,125, and/or 2,260 nm) for atmospheric correction and aquatic and vegetation assessments; (3) radiometric quality with signal to noise ratios (SNR) above 800 (relative to signal levels typical of the open ocean), 14-bit digitization, absolute radiometric calibration <2%, relative calibration of 0.2%, polarization sensitivity <1%, high radiometric stability and linearity, and operations designed to minimize sunglint; and (4) temporal resolution of hours to days. We refer to these combined s

Published
2018

10. Genetische Charakterisierung der Rolle von Calciumkanälen für die neuronale Entwicklung und Funktion

Author

Moosmang, Sven (Prof. Dr.);Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.);Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.), Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.);Frischmann, Dimitri (Prof. Dr.);Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.), Jurik, Angela Maria, Moosmang, Sven (Prof. Dr.);Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.);Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.), Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.);Frischmann, Dimitri (Prof. Dr.);Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.), and Jurik, Angela Maria

Abstract

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollte die Wichtigkeit des IQ-Motivs des Cav1.2 Calciumkanals im Gehirn geklärt werden. Durch Generierung einer konditionalen, gehirnspezifischen Maus, die eine Mutation von Isoleucin zu Glutaminsäure im IQ-Motiv trägt, wurde gezeigt, dass durch diese Mutation die Proteinkonzentration des Cav1.2 Proteins stark reduziert wurde. Mäuse mit dieser Mutation zeigten eine erhöhte Angst vor neuen Umgebungen, anti-depressiv-ähnliches Verhalten und eine veränderte Angstadaption., The present work explored the importance of the IQ motif of the Cav1.2 calcium channel in brain. Therefore, a conditional brain specific mouse model was created, which carries a mutation from isoleucine to glutamate in the IQ motif. Here it has been shown, that this mutation reduced protein concentration of the Cav1.2 channel in a strong manner. Mice with this mutation showed enhanced anxiety in new environment, anti-depressive like behavior and modified anxiety adaptation.

Published
2013

11. Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) data processing for aquatic science applications: Demonstrations and validations

Author

Pahlevan, N., Sarkar, S., Franz, B. A., Balasubramanian, S. V., He, J., Pahlevan, N., Sarkar, S., Franz, B. A., Balasubramanian, S. V., and He, J.

Abstract

The European Space Agency's Sentinel-2A mission with the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) onboard was launched in 2015, initiating a new era in high-to-moderate-resolution (i.e., 10 to 60 m) imaging of Earth's resources. This manuscript describes the implementations of MSI processing into the SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SeaDAS) and provides qualitative and quantitative analyses of remote sensing reflectance products (Rrs), which are essential in the retrievals of near-surface concentrations of water constituents in aquatic systems. In situ validations and intercomparisons of MSI-derived 11 products with those derived from Landsat-8's Operational Land Imager (OLI) both indicated reasonable products in coastal/inland waters. Following vicarious calibrations using reference in situ water-leaving radiances, the overall absolute relative differences and the root mean squared differences (RMSD) found for the matchup analyses were, < 7% and < 0.0012 1/sr, respectively, for the blue and green bands. With preliminary indications of consistency with the OLI products and very good agreements with in situ data, a time-series plot of total suspended solids (TSS) product derived from both missions was produced and analyzed for an inland system. It is surmised that frequent moderate-to-high resolution R products from the combined Sentinel-2A (and 13) and Landsat-8 missions are now available to the science/user community for developing algorithms suited for coastal/inland waters. Nonetheless, further research needs to be dedicated to a) improving atmospheric corrections over bodies of waters rich in dissolved organic matter or suspended particles, b) mitigating the impact of haze-or sea surface-reflected solar radiations at low solar zenith angles, and c) minimizing image artifacts to maximize the use of multi-mission products.

Published
2017
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12. Art Energizes the Curriculum.

Author

Franz, B. A.

Abstract

Art forms and materials can help students learn to organize and analyze content. The article presents several multicultural art activities that incorporate math, social studies, history, and language arts. The activities focus on animals, proportion, beauty in symmetry, self-portraits, nature, and paper. (SM)

Published
1994

14. System Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color Climate Change Applications: Requirements for In Situ Data

Author

Zibordi, G., Mélin, F., Voss, K., Johnson, C., Franz, B., Kwiatkowska, E., Huot, J., Wang, M., Antoine, David, Zibordi, G., Mélin, F., Voss, K., Johnson, C., Franz, B., Kwiatkowska, E., Huot, J., Wang, M., and Antoine, David

Abstract

System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) ensures a relative radiometric calibration to satellite ocean color sensors that minimizes uncertainties in the water-leaving radiance Lw derived from the top of atmosphere radiance LT. This is achieved through the application of adjustment gain-factors, g-factors, to pre-launch absolute radiometric calibration coefficients of the satellite sensor corrected for temporal changes in radiometric sensitivity. The g-factors are determined by the ratio of simulated to measured spectral LT values where the former are computed using: i. highly accurate in situ Lw reference measurements; and ii. the same atmospheric model and algorithms applied for the atmospheric correction of satellite data. By analyzing basic relations between relative uncertainties of Lw and LT, and g-factors consistently determined for the same satellite missions using different in situ data sources, this work suggests that the creation of ocean color Climate Data Records (CDRs) should ideally rely on: i. one main long-term in situ calibration system (site and radiometry) established and sustained with the objective to maximize accuracy and precision over time of g-factors and thus minimize possible biases among satellite data products from different missions; and additionally ii. unique (i.e., standardized) atmospheric model and algorithms for atmospheric correction to maximize cross-mission consistency of data products at locations different from that supporting SVC. Finally, accounting for results from the study and elements already provided in literature, requirements and recommendations for SVC sites and field radiometers radiometric measurements are streamlined.

Published
2015

15. A semianalytical ocean color inversion algorithm with explicit water column depth and substrate reflectance parameterization

Author

McKinna, Lachlan, Fearns, Peter, Weeks, S., Werdell, J., Reichstetter, M., Franz, B., Shea, D., Feldman, G., McKinna, Lachlan, Fearns, Peter, Weeks, S., Werdell, J., Reichstetter, M., Franz, B., Shea, D., and Feldman, G.

Abstract

A semianalytical ocean color inversion algorithm was developed for improving retrievals of inherent optical properties (IOPs) in optically shallow waters. In clear, geometrically shallow waters, light reflected off the seafloor can contribute to the water-leaving radiance signal. This can have a confounding effect on ocean color algorithms developed for optically deep waters, leading to an overestimation of IOPs. The algorithm described here, the Shallow Water Inversion Model (SWIM), uses pre-existing knowledge of bathymetry and benthic substrate brightness to account for optically shallow effects. SWIM was incorporated into the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group's L2GEN code and tested in waters of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua time series (2002–2013). SWIM-derived values of the total non-water absorption coefficient at 443 nm, at(443), the particulate backscattering coefficient at 443 nm, bbp(443), and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 488 nm, Kd(488), were compared with values derived using the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties algorithm (GIOP) and the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA). The results indicated that in clear, optically shallow waters SWIM-derived values of at(443), bbp(443), and Kd(443) were realistically lower than values derived using GIOP and QAA, in agreement with radiative transfer modeling. This signified that the benthic reflectance correction was performing as expected. However, in more optically complex waters, SWIM had difficulty converging to a solution, a likely consequence of internal IOP parameterizations. Whilst a comprehensive study of the SWIM algorithm's behavior was conducted, further work is needed to validate the algorithm using in situ data.

Published
2015

17. Intestinal PTGS2 mRNA Levels, PTGS2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Author

Vogel, Lotte K, Sæbø, Mona, Høyer, Helle, Kopp, Tine Iskov, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Hamfjord, Julian, Bowitz-Lothe, Inger Marie, Johnson, Egil, Kure, Elin H, Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Lotte K, Sæbø, Mona, Høyer, Helle, Kopp, Tine Iskov, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Hamfjord, Julian, Bowitz-Lothe, Inger Marie, Johnson, Egil, Kure, Elin H, and Andersen, Vibeke

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammation is a major risk factor for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prostaglandin synthase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) encoded by the PTGS2 gene is the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis and therefore plays a distinct role as regulator of inflammation.METHODS: PTGS2 mRNA levels were determined in intestinal tissues from 85 intestinal adenoma cases, 115 CRC cases, and 17 healthy controls. The functional PTGS2 polymorphisms A-1195G (rs689466), G-765C (rs20417), T8473C (rs5275) were assessed in 200 CRC cases, 991 adenoma cases and 399 controls from the Norwegian KAM cohort.RESULTS: PTGS2 mRNA levels were higher in mild/moderate adenoma tissue compared to morphologically normal tissue from the same individual (P<0.0001) and (P<0.035) and compared to mucosa from healthy individuals (P<0.0039) and (P<0.0027), respectively. In CRC patients, PTGS2 mRNA levels were 8-9 times higher both in morphologically normal tissue and in cancer tissue, compared to healthy individuals (P<0.0001). PTGS2 A-1195G variant allele carriers were at reduced risk of CRC (odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.28-0.99, P = 0.047). Homozygous carriers of the haplotype encompassing the A-1195G and G-765C wild type alleles and the T8473C variant allele (PTGS2 AGC) were at increased risk of CRC as compared to homozygous carriers of the PTGS2 AGT (A-1195G, G-765C, T8473C) haplotype (OR = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.40-20.5, P = 0.014). No association between the investigated polymorphisms and PTGS2 mRNA levels could be detected.CONCLUSION: High intestinal PTGS2 mRNA level is an early event in colorectal cancer development as it occurs already in mild/moderate dysplasia. PTGS2 polymorphisms that have been associated with altered PTGS2 mRNA levels/COX-2 activity in some studies, although not the present study, were associated with colorectal cancer risk. Thus, both PTGS2 polymorphisms and PTGS2 mRNA levels may pr

Published
2014

18. Intestinal PTGS2 mRNA Levels, PTGS2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Author

Vogel, Lotte K., Saebo, Mona, Hoyer, Helle, Kopp, Tine Iskov, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B., Hamfjord, Julian, Bowitz-Lothe, Inger Marie, Johnson, Egil, Kure, Elin H., Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Lotte K., Saebo, Mona, Hoyer, Helle, Kopp, Tine Iskov, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B., Hamfjord, Julian, Bowitz-Lothe, Inger Marie, Johnson, Egil, Kure, Elin H., and Andersen, Vibeke

Abstract

Background & Aims: Inflammation is a major risk factor for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prostaglandin synthase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) encoded by the PTGS2 gene is the rate limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis and therefore plays a distinct role as regulator of inflammation. Methods: PTGS2 mRNA levels were determined in intestinal tissues from 85 intestinal adenoma cases, 115 CRC cases, and 17 healthy controls. The functional PTGS2 polymorphisms A-1195G (rs689466), G-765C (rs20417), T8473C (rs5275) were assessed in 200 CRC cases, 991 adenoma cases and 399 controls from the Norwegian KAM cohort. Results: PTGS2 mRNA levels were higher in mild/moderate adenoma tissue compared to morphologically normal tissue from the same individual (P

Published
2014

19. Genetische Charakterisierung der Rolle von Calciumkanälen für die neuronale Entwicklung und Funktion

Author

Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.), Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.), Frischmann, Dimitri (Prof. Dr.), Moosmang, Sven (Prof. Dr.), Jurik, Angela Maria, Luksch, Harald (Prof. Dr.), Hofmann, Franz B. (Prof. Dr.), Frischmann, Dimitri (Prof. Dr.), Moosmang, Sven (Prof. Dr.), and Jurik, Angela Maria

Abstract

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollte die Wichtigkeit des IQ-Motivs des Cav1.2 Calciumkanals im Gehirn geklärt werden. Durch Generierung einer konditionalen, gehirnspezifischen Maus, die eine Mutation von Isoleucin zu Glutaminsäure im IQ-Motiv trägt, wurde gezeigt, dass durch diese Mutation die Proteinkonzentration des Cav1.2 Proteins stark reduziert wurde. Mäuse mit dieser Mutation zeigten eine erhöhte Angst vor neuen Umgebungen, anti-depressiv-ähnliches Verhalten und eine veränderte Angstadaption., The present work explored the importance of the IQ motif of the Cav1.2 calcium channel in brain. Therefore, a conditional brain specific mouse model was created, which carries a mutation from isoleucine to glutamate in the IQ motif. Here it has been shown, that this mutation reduced protein concentration of the Cav1.2 channel in a strong manner. Mice with this mutation showed enhanced anxiety in new environment, anti-depressive like behavior and modified anxiety adaptation.

Published
2013

21. Correction:Low ABCB1 Gene Expression Is an Early Event in Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Author

Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Sæbø, Mona, Hamfjord, Julian, Kure, Elin, Vogel, Lotte K, Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Ulla, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Sæbø, Mona, Hamfjord, Julian, Kure, Elin, and Vogel, Lotte K

Abstract

[This corrects the article on p. e72119 in vol. 8.].

Published
2013

22. Low ABCB1 gene expression is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis

Author

Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Ulla Birgitte, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Sæbø, Mona, Hamfjord, Julian, Kure, Elin, Vogel, Lotte K, Andersen, Vibeke, Vogel, Ulla Birgitte, Godiksen, Sine, Frenzel, Franz B, Sæbø, Mona, Hamfjord, Julian, Kure, Elin, and Vogel, Lotte K

Abstract

The ABCB1/MDR1 gene product ABCB1/P-glycoprotein is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). NFKB1 encodes transcription factors regulating expression of a number of genes including ABCB1. We have previously found association between the ABCB1 C-rs3789243-T polymorphism and CRC risk and interactions between the ABCB1 C-rs3789243-T and C3435T polymorphisms and meat intake in relation to CRC risk (Andersen, BMC Cancer, 2009, 9, 407). ABCB1 and NFKB1 mRNA levels were assessed in intestinal tissue from 122 CRC cases, 101 adenoma cases (12 with severe dysplasia, 89 with mild-moderate dysplasia) and from 18 healthy individuals, together with gene polymorphisms in ABCB1 and NFKB1. ABCB1 mRNA levels were highest in the healthy individuals and significantly lower in mild/moderate and severe dysplasia tissue (P

Published
2013

23. Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties

Author

Werdell, P., Franz, B., Bailey, S., Feldman, G., Boss, E., Brando, V., Dowell, M., Hirata, T., Lavender, S., Lee, Z., Loisel, H., Maritorena, S., Melin, F., Moore, T., Smyth, T., Antoine, David, Devred, E., d’Andon, O., Mangin, A., Werdell, P., Franz, B., Bailey, S., Feldman, G., Boss, E., Brando, V., Dowell, M., Hirata, T., Lavender, S., Lee, Z., Loisel, H., Maritorena, S., Melin, F., Moore, T., Smyth, T., Antoine, David, Devred, E., d’Andon, O., and Mangin, A.

Abstract

Ocean color measured from satellites provides daily, global estimates of marine inherent optical properties (IOPs). Semi-analytical algorithms (SAAs) provide one mechanism for inverting the color of the water observed by the satellite into IOPs. While numerous SAAs exist, most are similarly constructed and few are appropriately parameterized for all water masses for all seasons. To initiate community-wide discussion of these limitations, NASA organized two workshops that deconstructed SAAs to identify similarities and uniqueness and to progress toward consensus on a unified SAA. This effort resulted in the development of the generalized IOP (GIOP) model software that allows for the construction of different SAAs at runtime by selection from an assortment of model parameterizations. As such, GIOP permits isolation and evaluation of specific modeling assumptions, construction of SAAs, development of regionally tuned SAAs, and execution of ensembe inversion modeling. Working groups associated with the workshops proposed a preliminary default configuration for GIOP (GIOP-DC), with alternative model parameterizations and features defined for subsequent evaluation. In this paper, we: (1) describe the theoretical basis of GIOP; (2) present GIOP-DC and verify its comparable performance to other popular SAAs using both in situ and synthetic data sets; and, (3) quantify the sensitivities of their output to their parameterization. We use the latter to develop a hierarchical sensitivity of SAAs to various model parameterizations, to identify components of SAAs that merit focus in future research, and to provide material for discussion on algorithm uncertainties and future ensemble applications.

Published
2013

24. Regional to global assessments of phytoplankton dynamics from the SeaWiFS mission

Author

Siegel, D., Behrenfeld, M., Maritorena, S., McClain, C., Antoine, David, Bailey, S., Bontempi, P., Boss, E., Dierssen, H., Doney, S., Eplee, R., Evans, R., Feldman, G., Fields, E., Franz, B., Kuring, N., Mengelt, C., Nelson, N., Patt, F., Robinson, W., Sarmiento, J., Swan, C., Werdell, P., Westberry, T., Wilding, J., Yoder, J., Siegel, D., Behrenfeld, M., Maritorena, S., McClain, C., Antoine, David, Bailey, S., Bontempi, P., Boss, E., Dierssen, H., Doney, S., Eplee, R., Evans, R., Feldman, G., Fields, E., Franz, B., Kuring, N., Mengelt, C., Nelson, N., Patt, F., Robinson, W., Sarmiento, J., Swan, C., Werdell, P., Westberry, T., Wilding, J., and Yoder, J.

Abstract

Photosynthetic production of organic matter by microscopic oceanic phytoplankton fuels ocean ecosystems and contributes roughly half of the Earth's net primary production. For 13 years, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) mission provided the first consistent, synoptic observations of global ocean ecosystems. Changes in the surface chlorophyll concentration, the primary biological property retrieved from SeaWiFS, have traditionally been used as a metric for phytoplankton abundance and its distributionlargely reflects patterns in vertical nutrient transport. On regional to global scales, chlorophyll concentrations covary with sea surface temperature (SST) because SST changes reflect light and nutrient conditions. However, the oceanmay be too complex to be well characterized using a single index such as the chlorophyll concentration. A semi-analytical bio-optical algorithm is used to help interpret regional to global SeaWiFS chlorophyll observations from using three independent, well-validated ocean color data products; the chlorophyll a concentration, absorption by CDM and particulate backscattering.First, we show that observed long-term, global-scale trends in standard chlorophyll retrievals are likely compromised by coincident changes in CDM. Second, we partition the chlorophyll signal into a component due to phytoplankton biomass changes and a component caused by physiological adjustments in intracellular chlorophyll concentrations to changes in mixed layer light levels. We show that biomass changes dominate chlorophyll signals for the high latitude seas and where persistent vertical upwelling is known to occur, while physiological processes dominate chlorophyll variability over much of the tropical and subtropical oceans. The SeaWiFS data set demonstrates complexity in the interpretation of changes in regional to global phytoplankton distributions and illustrates limitations for the assessment of phytoplankton dynamics using chlorophyll retrievals

Published
2013

25. Global Ocean Phytoplankton. State of the Climate in 2011

Author

Siegel, D., Antoine, David, Behrenfeld, M., Fanton d'Andon, O., Fields, E., Franz, B., Goryl, P., Maritorena, S., McClain, C., Wang, M., Yoder, J., Siegel, D., Antoine, David, Behrenfeld, M., Fanton d'Andon, O., Fields, E., Franz, B., Goryl, P., Maritorena, S., McClain, C., Wang, M., and Yoder, J.

Published
2012

28. Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton

Author

Behrenfeld, M. J, Behrenfeld, M. J, Westberry, T. K, Boss, E. S, O'Malley, R. T, Siegel, D. A, Wiggert, J. D, Franz, B. A, McClain, C. R, Feldman, G. C, Doney, S. C, Moore, J. K, Dall'Olmo, G., Milligan, A. J, Lima, I., Mahowald, N., Behrenfeld, M. J, Behrenfeld, M. J, Westberry, T. K, Boss, E. S, O'Malley, R. T, Siegel, D. A, Wiggert, J. D, Franz, B. A, McClain, C. R, Feldman, G. C, Doney, S. C, Moore, J. K, Dall'Olmo, G., Milligan, A. J, Lima, I., and Mahowald, N.

Abstract

Phytoplankton photosynthesis links global ocean biology and climate-driven fluctuations in the physical environment. These interactions are largely expressed through changes in phytoplankton physiology, but physiological status has proven extremely challenging to characterize globally. Phytoplankton fluorescence does provide a rich source of physiological information long exploited in laboratory and field studies, and is now observed from space. Here we evaluate the physiological underpinnings of global variations in satellite-based phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence. The three dominant factors influencing fluorescence distributions are chlorophyll concentration, pigment packaging effects on light absorption, and light-dependent energy-quenching processes. After accounting for these three factors, resultant global distributions of quenching-corrected fluorescence quantum yields reveal a striking consistency with anticipated patterns of iron availability. High fluorescence quantum yields are typically found in low iron waters, while low quantum yields dominate regions where other environmental factors are most limiting to phytoplankton growth. Specific properties of photosynthetic membranes are discussed that provide a mechanistic view linking iron stress to satellite-detected fluorescence. Our results present satellite-based fluorescence as a valuable tool for evaluating nutrient stress predictions in ocean ecosystem models and give the first synoptic observational evidence that iron plays an important role in seasonal phytoplankton dynamics of the Indian Ocean. Satellite fluorescence may also provide a path for monitoring climate-phytoplankton physiology interactions and improving descriptions of phytoplankton light use efficiencies in ocean productivity models.

Published
2009

29. Sources and assumptions for the vicarious calibration of ocean color satellite observations

Author

Bailey, S., Hooker, S., Antoine, David, Franz, B., Werdell, P., Bailey, S., Hooker, S., Antoine, David, Franz, B., and Werdell, P.

Abstract

Spaceborne ocean color sensors require vicarious calibration to sea-truth data to achieve accurate waterleaving radiance retrievals. The assumed requirements of an in situ data set necessary to achieve accurate vicarious calibration were set forth in a series of papers and reports developed nearly a decadeago, which were embodied in the development and site location of the Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY).Since that time, NASA has successfully used data collected by MOBYas the sole source of sea-truth data for vicarious calibration of the Sea-viewing Wide field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instruments. In this paper, we make use of the 10-year, global time series of SeaWiFS measurements to test the sensitivity of vicarious calibration to the assumptions inherent in the in situ requirements (e.g., very low chlorophyll waters, hyperspectral measurements). Our study utilized field measurements from a variety of sources with sufficient diversity in data collection methods and geophysical variability to challenge those in situ restrictions.We found that some requirements could be relaxed without compromising the ability to vicariously calibrate to the level required for accurate water-leaving radiance retrievals from satellite-based sensors.

Published
2008

30. Resolviendo la sinonimia del delfín Chileno (Cephalorhynchus eutropia, Gray 1846) mediante secuenciamiento de ADN extraído desde dientes de especímenes de museo

Author

Pichler, Franz B., Olavarría B., Carlos, Pichler, Franz B., and Olavarría B., Carlos

Abstract

Se amplificó y secuenció ADN mitocondrial a partir de muestras dentarias de seis especímenes de museo descritos por Phillipi (1893) como especies nuevas, Phocoena albiventris, Tursio platyrhinus y T. panope. Estos especímenes fueron revisados con posterioridad y, con la excepción de T. panope, fueron reidentificados como probables delfín Chileno, Cephalorhynchus eutropia. Secuencias de ADN de cinco de las seis muestras fueron comparadas con una base de datos existente de secuencias tipo de odontocetos. Esta comparación confirma que los especímenes corresponden a delfin Chileno. Por lo tanto, T. panope es un delfín Chileno, aunque de inusual tamaño. Estos resultados demuestran la utilidad de análisis genéticos en especímenes de museo para ayudar a resolver ambiguedades en la identificación a nivel específico.

Published
2001

31. The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: II. Model of the Interplanetary Dust Cloud

Author

Kelsall, T., Weiland, J. L., Franz, B. A., Reach, W. T., Arendt, R. G., Dwek, E., Freudenreich, H. T., Hauser, M. G., Moseley, S. H., Odegard, N. P., Silverberg, R. F., Wright, E. L., Kelsall, T., Weiland, J. L., Franz, B. A., Reach, W. T., Arendt, R. G., Dwek, E., Freudenreich, H. T., Hauser, M. G., Moseley, S. H., Odegard, N. P., Silverberg, R. F., and Wright, E. L.

Abstract

The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) was designed to search for the cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation. Scattered light and thermal emission from the interplanetary dust (IPD) are major contributors to the diffuse sky brightness at most infrared wavelengths. Accurate removal of this zodiacal light foreground is a necessary step toward a direct measurement of the CIB. The zodiacal light foreground contribution in each of the 10 DIRBE wavelength bands ranging from 1.25 to 240 microns is distinguished by its apparent seasonal variation over the whole sky. This contribution has been extracted by fitting the brightness calculated from a parameterized physical model to the time variation of the all-sky DIRBE measurements over 10 months of observations. The model brightness is evaluated as the integral along the line of sight of the product of a source function and a three-dimensional dust density distribution function. The dust density distribution is composed of multiple components: a smooth cloud, three asteroidal dust bands, and a circumsolar ring near 1 A.U. By using a directly measurable quantity which relates only to the IPD cloud, we exclude other contributors to the sky brightness from the IPD model. Using the IPD model described here, high-quality maps of the infrared sky with the zodiacal foreground removed have been generated. Imperfections in the model reveal themselves as low-level systematic artifacts in the residual maps which correlate with components of the IPD. The most evident of these artifacts are located near the ecliptic plane in the mid-infrared, and are less than 2% of the zodiacal foreground brightness. Uncertainties associated with the model are discussed, including implications for the CIB search., Comment: 39 pages using aaspp4.sty, tables 1-4 separate files, 8 JPEG figures, 13 GIF figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

Published
1998
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32. The first discovery of America, and its early civilization. Translated and enlarged from the German of Dr. F. Kruger, by W. L. Wagener, professor of Latin and German in Packer collegiate institute.

Author

Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Wagener, W. L., tr., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., and Wagener, W. L., tr.

Abstract

134 p. 19 cm., Making of America (MOA), (dlps) ABJ1391.0001.001, (lccallno) E61 .K943, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

33. The first discovery of America, and its early civilization. Translated and enlarged from the German of Dr. F. Kruger, by W. L. Wagener, professor of Latin and German in Packer collegiate institute.

Author

Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Wagener, W. L., tr., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., Kruger, F. (Franz), b. 1830., and Wagener, W. L., tr.

Abstract

134 p. 19 cm., Making of America (MOA), (dlps) ABJ1391.0001.001, (lccallno) E61 .K943, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

34. Frequency Spreading in Underwater Acoustic Signal Transmission.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION SCIENCES, Tung,Henti, Tuteur,Franz B, Zornig,John G, YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION SCIENCES, Tung,Henti, Tuteur,Franz B, and Zornig,John G

Abstract

The scattering of acoustic waves from a randomly varying wind-driven water surface is known to introduce both time and frequency spreading of the received signal. The frequency spreading is thought to be related to surface statistics and water wave motion. Therefore, knowledge of this relation leads to the possibility of predicting surface statistics by analysis of the received acoustic signal. One important feature of the frequency spreading function is that the Doppler sidebands are not equal in magnitude on both sides of the carrier. Unequal sidebands are predicted if the acoustic source and receiver are not located at the same depths below the water surface and if the direction of the surface wave motion is not perpendicular to the vertical plane containing both the source and the receiver. Experimental results from a model tank operated under various wind conditions have verified the existence of unequal Doppler sidebands under these conditions. However, strong asymmetries in sidebands were also observed under conditions under which the previous theory would have predicted no asymmetries at all. For example, strong asymmetries have been observed in the crosswind direction. This research is to explain the asymmetries not predicted in previous theory but discovered under laboratory operations, and to predict other asymmetries not yet found in either the experimental or the theoretical phase.

Published
1980

35. Scattering of Underwater Acoustic Signals from a Rough Moving Surface.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B, Zornig,John G, Tung,Henti, YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B, Zornig,John G, and Tung,Henti

Abstract

The research dealt with surface scattering and consisted of an experimental as well as a theoretical component. The experimental work was conducted in a model tank equipped with a wind tunnel to produce a wind-driven surface. The tank is very well instrumented and interfaced to a computer so that the experimental results can be accepted with considerable confidence. Four separate projects are included in the work covered by this report. These are: (1) Calculation and Measurement of first and second-order moments of the channel transfer function; (2) Spatial correlation between two receivers; (3) Power scattered in directions other than forward; and (4) Asymmetric Doppler amplitudes in forward scatter. Each one of these projects is briefly discussed and summarized.

Published
1977

36. Asymmetric Doppler Amplitudes in the Surface Scatter Channel.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B., Tung,Henti, YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B., and Tung,Henti

Abstract

The generation of asymmetric doppler side bands in scatter channels in which the transmitter and receiver are at different depths has been demonstrated in several recent papers. (E. Y. Harper and F. M. Labianca, J. Acoust, Soc. Am. 57, 1044-1051 (1975) and 58, 349-364 (1975)). In these papers the wave equation was solved by using a perturbation procedure. In the present paper a similar result is obtained by using a modified Fresnel expansion of the Kirchoff integral. The resulting expansion, which is correct to third order but contains only terms up to second order is then easily manipulated by standard methods. The ratio of side band amplitudes can be found by solving a fairly simple algebraic equation, and the general features of the result appear to be qualitatively similar to those observed in the earlier studies. (Author)

Published
1976

37. Simple Correlation Effects in Surface Scatter.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B., YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, and Tuteur,Franz B.

Abstract

This report contains some simple results concerning the correlation time or distance of scattered received signals when the source is a single-frequency tone. Results are given for: the correlation distance between two receivers in a spatial array; the correlation distance in a situation where the source and receiver move together relative to a stationary rough surface; the correlation time at a receiver after several scattering bounces. In all cases it is found that the correlation times or distances are simple function of the surface correlation time and the Rayleigh parameter.

Published
1976

38. Analysis of the Howells-Applebaum Algorithm in the Presence of Moving Interference. The Use of Lattice Filters in Adaptive Array Processors. Stability Analysis of LMS Adaptive Filters. Adaptive Array Processors with Moving Interference.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT CENTER FOR SYSTEMS SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B, YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT CENTER FOR SYSTEMS SCIENCE, and Tuteur,Franz B

Abstract

Four ongoing projects are briefly described. These are: 1. Analysis of the Howells-Applebaum algorithm in the presence of moving interference; 2. The use of lattice filters in adaptive array processors; 3. Stability analysis of LMS adaptive filters; and 4. Adaptive array processors with moving interference treated from the frequency-domain point of view. Conclusions are: the Howells-Applebaum algorithm is so insensitive to interference motion that it is unnecessary to consider such motion in the design; and adaptive array processors based on the frequency-domain approach have a worst performance than those based on time-domain approaches mainly because of the time lag required in the operation of the Fourier transform operation. (Author)

Published
1982

40. Propagation and Communications Through Underwater Acoustic Channels.

Author

YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B., Spindel,Robert C., Venetsanopoulos,Anastasios N., McDonald,J. F., YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CONN DEPT OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE, Tuteur,Franz B., Spindel,Robert C., Venetsanopoulos,Anastasios N., and McDonald,J. F.

Abstract

The report deals with research into communications through the surface scattering channel. Results are included from a series of experiments performed with a model tank. These deal with surface statistics and the statistics of the impulse response of the channel. Theoretical studies dealing with the character of the channel, optimum signal design, and the performance of correlation detectors are also included. (Author)

Published
1971

41. PROCESSING OF DATA FROM SONAR SYSTEMS. VOLUME 5

Author

GENERAL DYNAMICS GROTON CT ELECTRIC BOAT DIV, Chang, John H, McDonald, Verne H, Schultheiss, Peter M, Tuteur, Franz B, GENERAL DYNAMICS GROTON CT ELECTRIC BOAT DIV, Chang, John H, McDonald, Verne H, Schultheiss, Peter M, and Tuteur, Franz B

Abstract

Contents: Tracking in the Presence of Interference; The Effect of Multiple or Distributed Interferences on the Performance of a Conventional Passive Sonar Detector; The Effect of Clipping on the Performance of Replica Correlators; Some Comments on Optimum Bearing Estimation; The Effect of Noise Anisotropy on Detectability in an Optimum Array Processor; Methods of Stochastic Approximation Applied to the Analysis of Adaptive Tapped Delay Line Filters., Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. See also Supplement, AD841587

Published
1968

42. PROCESSING OF DATA FROM SONAR SYSTEMS. VOLUME 3

Author

GENERAL DYNAMICS GROTON CT ELECTRIC BOAT DIV, Kanefsky, Morton, Levesque, Allen H, Schultheiss, Peter M, Tuteur, Franz B, GENERAL DYNAMICS GROTON CT ELECTRIC BOAT DIV, Kanefsky, Morton, Levesque, Allen H, Schultheiss, Peter M, and Tuteur, Franz B

Abstract

This report is concerned with problems in passive sonar detection which arise when signal or noise properties deviate significantly from the simplest possible model (a target acting as a point source of broadband Gaussian signal in a background of isotropic Gaussian noise). Problems investigated were concerned with improvements in detectability obtained from a knowledge of the special features of signal or noise and with degradation in detector performance as a result of an inadequate knowledge of signal or noise statistics or a deliberate exclusion of some available information so as to simplify the instrumentation., Includes Progress rept. nos. 17-22. Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. Dept. of Engineering and Applied Science. See also Volume 2, AD451393.

Published
1965

44. State of the climate in 2013

Author

Blunden, J., Arndt, D. S., Willett, K. M., Dolman, A. J., Hurst, D. F., Rennie, J., Thorne, P. W., Donat, M. G., Dunn, R. J. H., Long, C. S., Christy, J. R., Noetzli, J., Christiansen, H. H., Gugliemin, M., Romanovsky, V. E., Shiklomanov, N. I., Smith, S. L., Zhao, L., Robinson, D. A., Pelto, M. S., Mears, C. A., Ho, S.-O. B., Peng, L., Wang, J., Vose, R. S., Hilburn, K., Yin, X., Kruk, M. C., Becker, A., Foster, M. J., Ackerman, S. A., Heidinger, A. K., Maddux, B. C., Stengel, M., Kim, H., Oki, T., Rodell, M., Chambers, D. P., Famiglietti, J. S., Dorigo, W. A., Chung, D., Parinussa, R. M., Reimer, C., Hahn, S., Liu, Y. Y., Wagner, W. W., de Jeu, R. A. M., Paulik, C., Wang, G., Allan, R., Folland, C. K., Tobin, I., Berrisford, P., Vautard, R., McVicar, T. R., Kratz, D. P., Stackhouse, P.W., Wong, T., Sawaengphokhai, P., Wilber, A. C., Gupta, S. K., Loeb, N. G., Lantz, K. O., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hall, B. D., Montzka, S. A., Dutton, G. S., Mühle, J., Elkins, J. W., Benedetti, A., Jones, L. T., Kaiser, J. W., Morcrette, J.-J., Remy, S., Weber, M., Steinbrecht, W., van der A., R. J., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Fioletov, V. E., Frith, S. M., Loyola, D., Wild, J. D., Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Cooper, O. R., Ziemke, J., Flemming, J., Inness, A., Quegan, S., Ciais, P., Santoro, M., Pinty, B., Gobron, N., van der Werf, G. R., Newlin, M. L., Gregg, M. C., Xue, Y., Hu, Z.-Z., Kumar, A., Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Rayner, N. A., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., Willis, J. K., Boyer, T., Antonov, J., Good, S. A., Domingues, C. M., Bindoff, N., Yu, L., Jin, X., Lagerloef, G. S. E., Kao, H.-Y., Reagan, J., Schmid, C., Locarnini, R., Lumpkin, R., Goni, G., Dohan, K., Baringer, M. O., McCarthy, G., Lankhorst, M., Smeed, D. A., Send, U., Rayner, D., Johns, W. E., Meinen, C. S., Cunningham, S. A., Kanzow, T. O., Frajka-Williams, E., Marotzke, J., Garzoli, S., Dong, S., Volkov, D., Hobbs, W. R., Merrifield, M. A., Thompson, P., Leuliette, E., Nerem, R. S., Hamlington, B., Mitchum, G. T., McInnes, K., Marra, J. J., Menendez, M., Sweet, W., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Sabine, C. L., Mathis, J. T., Takahashi, T., Khatiwala, S., Franz, B. A., Behrenfeld, M. J., Siegel, D. A., Werdell, P. J., Diamond, H. J., Bell, G. D., L'Heureux, M., Halpert, M. S., Baxter, S., Gottschalck, J., Landsea, C. W., Goldenberg, S. B., Pasch, R. J., Blake, E. S., Schemm, J., Kimberlain, T. B., Schreck, C. J., Evans, T.E., Camargo, S. J., Gleason, K. L., Trewin, B. C., Lorrey, A. M., Fauchereau, N. C., Chappell, P. R., Ready, S., Goni, G. J., Knaff, J. A., Lin, I.-I., Wang, B., Mullan, A. B., Pezza, A. B., Coelho, C A. S., Wang, C., Fogarty, C. T., Klotzbach, P., Luo, J.-J., Lander, M. A., Guard, C. P. C., Jeffries, M. O., Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Key, J., Hanna, E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Kim, B.-M., Kim, S.-J., Walsh, J., Wang, M., Bhatt, U. S., Liu, Y., Stone, R., Cox, C., Walden, V., Francis, J., Vavrus, S., Tang, Q., Bernhard, G., Manney, G., Grooss, J.-U., Muller, R., Heikkila, A., Johnsen, B., Koskela, T., Lakkala, K., Svendby, T., Dahlback, A., Bruhwiler, L., Laurila, T., Worthy, D., Quinn, P. K., Stohl, A., Baklanov, A., Flanner, M. G., Herber, A., Kupiainen, K., Law, K. S., Schmale, J., Sharma, S., Vestreng, V., Von Salzen, K., Perovich, D., Gerland, S., Hendricks, S., Meier, W., Nicolaus, M., Tschudi, M., Timmermans, M.-L., Ashik, I., Frolov, I., Ha, H. K., Ingvaldsen, R., Kikuchi, T., Kim, T. W., Krishfield, R., Loeng, H., Nishino, S., Pickart, R., Polyakov, I., Rabe, B., Schauer, U., Schlosser, P., Smethie, W. M., Sokolov, V., Steele, M., Toole, J., Williams, W., Woodgate, R., Zimmerman, S., Cross, J. N., Evans, W., Anderson, L., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Derksen, C., Brown, R., Luojus, K., Sharp, M., Wolken, G., Geai, M.-L., Burgess, D., Arendt, A., Wouters, B., Kohler, J., Andreassen, L. M., Tedesco, M., Box, J. E., Cappelen, J., Fettweis, X., Jensen, T. S., Mote, T., Rennermalm, A. K., Smith, L. C., van de Wal, R. S. W., Wahr, J., Duguay, C. R., Brown, L. C., Kang, K.-K., Kheyrollah Pour, H., Streletskiy, D. A., Drozdov, D. S., Malkova, G. V., Oberman, N. G., Kholodov, A. L., Marchenko, S. S., Fogt, R. L., Scambos, T.A., Clem, K.R., Barreira, S., Colwell, S., Keller, L.M., Lazzara, M.A., Setzer, A., Bromwich, D.H., Wang, S.-H., Wang, L., Liu, H., Wang, S., Shu, S., Massom, R.A., Reid, P., Stammerjohn, S., Lieser, J., Newman, P.A., Kramarova, N., Nash, E.R., Pitts, M.C., Johnson, B.f, Santee, M.L., Braathen, G.O., Campbell, G.G., Pope, A., Haran, T., Sanchez-Lugo, A., Renwick, J.A., Thiaw, W.M., Weaver, S.J., Vincent, L.A., Phillips, D., Whitewood, R., Crouch, J., Heim, Jr., Fenimore, C., Augustine, J., Pascual, R., Albanil, A., Vazquez, J.L., Lobato, R., Amador, J.A., Alfaro, E.J., Hidalgo, H.G., Duran-Quesada, A.M., Calderon, B., Rivera, I.L., Vega, C., Stephenson, T.S., Taylor, M.A., Trotman, A.R., Porter, A.O., Gonzalez, I.T., Spence, J.M., McLean, N., Campbell, J.D., Brown, G., Butler, M., Blenman, R.C., Aaron-Morrison, A.P., Marcellin-Honore, V., Marti­nez, R., Arevalo, J., Carrasco, G., Euscategui, C., Bazo, J., Nieto, J.J., Zambrano, E., Marengo, J.A., Alves, L.M., Espinoza, J.C., Ronchail, J., Bidegain, M., Stella, J.L., Penalba, O.C., Kabidi, K., Sayouri, A., Ebrahim, A., James, I.A., Dekaa, F.S., Sima, F., Coulibaly, K.A., Gitau, W., Chang'a, L., Oludhe, C.S., Ogallo, L.A., Atheru, Z., Ambenje, P., Kijazi, A., Ng'ongolo, H., Luhunga, P., Levira, P., Kruger, A., McBride, C., Rakotomavo, Z., Jumaux, G., Trachte, K., Bissolli, P., Obregon, A., Nitsche, H., Parker, D., Kennedy, J.J., Kendon, M., Trigo, R., Barriopedro, D., Ramos, A., Sensoy, S., Hovhannisyan, D., Bulygina, O.N., Khoshkam, M., Korshunova, N.N., Oyunjargal, L., Park, E.-H., Rahimzadeh, F., Rajeevan, M., Razuvaev, V.N., Revadekar, J.V., Srivastava, A.K., Yamada, R., Zhang, P., Tanaka, S., Yoshimatsu, K., Ohno, H., Ganter, C., Macara, G.R., McGree, S., Tobin, S., Blunden, J., Arndt, D. S., Willett, K. M., Dolman, A. J., Hurst, D. F., Rennie, J., Thorne, P. W., Donat, M. G., Dunn, R. J. H., Long, C. S., Christy, J. R., Noetzli, J., Christiansen, H. H., Gugliemin, M., Romanovsky, V. E., Shiklomanov, N. I., Smith, S. L., Zhao, L., Robinson, D. A., Pelto, M. S., Mears, C. A., Ho, S.-O. B., Peng, L., Wang, J., Vose, R. S., Hilburn, K., Yin, X., Kruk, M. C., Becker, A., Foster, M. J., Ackerman, S. A., Heidinger, A. K., Maddux, B. C., Stengel, M., Kim, H., Oki, T., Rodell, M., Chambers, D. P., Famiglietti, J. S., Dorigo, W. A., Chung, D., Parinussa, R. M., Reimer, C., Hahn, S., Liu, Y. Y., Wagner, W. W., de Jeu, R. A. M., Paulik, C., Wang, G., Allan, R., Folland, C. K., Tobin, I., Berrisford, P., Vautard, R., McVicar, T. R., Kratz, D. P., Stackhouse, P.W., Wong, T., Sawaengphokhai, P., Wilber, A. C., Gupta, S. K., Loeb, N. G., Lantz, K. O., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hall, B. D., Montzka, S. A., Dutton, G. S., Mühle, J., Elkins, J. W., Benedetti, A., Jones, L. T., Kaiser, J. W., Morcrette, J.-J., Remy, S., Weber, M., Steinbrecht, W., van der A., R. J., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Fioletov, V. E., Frith, S. M., Loyola, D., Wild, J. D., Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Cooper, O. R., Ziemke, J., Flemming, J., Inness, A., Quegan, S., Ciais, P., Santoro, M., Pinty, B., Gobron, N., van der Werf, G. R., Newlin, M. L., Gregg, M. C., Xue, Y., Hu, Z.-Z., Kumar, A., Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Rayner, N. A., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., Willis, J. K., Boyer, T., Antonov, J., Good, S. A., Domingues, C. M., Bindoff, N., Yu, L., Jin, X., Lagerloef, G. S. E., Kao, H.-Y., Reagan, J., Schmid, C., Locarnini, R., Lumpkin, R., Goni, G., Dohan, K., Baringer, M. O., McCarthy, G., Lankhorst, M., Smeed, D. A., Send, U., Rayner, D., Johns, W. E., Meinen, C. S., Cunningham, S. A., Kanzow, T. O., Frajka-Williams, E., Marotzke, J., Garzoli, S., Dong, S., Volkov, D., Hobbs, W. R., Merrifield, M. A., Thompson, P., Leuliette, E., Nerem, R. S., Hamlington, B., Mitchum, G. T., McInnes, K., Marra, J. J., Menendez, M., Sweet, W., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Sabine, C. L., Mathis, J. T., Takahashi, T., Khatiwala, S., Franz, B. A., Behrenfeld, M. J., Siegel, D. A., Werdell, P. J., Diamond, H. J., Bell, G. D., L'Heureux, M., Halpert, M. S., Baxter, S., Gottschalck, J., Landsea, C. W., Goldenberg, S. B., Pasch, R. J., Blake, E. S., Schemm, J., Kimberlain, T. B., Schreck, C. J., Evans, T.E., Camargo, S. J., Gleason, K. L., Trewin, B. C., Lorrey, A. M., Fauchereau, N. C., Chappell, P. R., Ready, S., Goni, G. J., Knaff, J. A., Lin, I.-I., Wang, B., Mullan, A. B., Pezza, A. B., Coelho, C A. S., Wang, C., Fogarty, C. T., Klotzbach, P., Luo, J.-J., Lander, M. A., Guard, C. P. C., Jeffries, M. O., Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Key, J., Hanna, E., Hanssen-Bauer, I., Kim, B.-M., Kim, S.-J., Walsh, J., Wang, M., Bhatt, U. S., Liu, Y., Stone, R., Cox, C., Walden, V., Francis, J., Vavrus, S., Tang, Q., Bernhard, G., Manney, G., Grooss, J.-U., Muller, R., Heikkila, A., Johnsen, B., Koskela, T., Lakkala, K., Svendby, T., Dahlback, A., Bruhwiler, L., Laurila, T., Worthy, D., Quinn, P. K., Stohl, A., Baklanov, A., Flanner, M. G., Herber, A., Kupiainen, K., Law, K. S., Schmale, J., Sharma, S., Vestreng, V., Von Salzen, K., Perovich, D., Gerland, S., Hendricks, S., Meier, W., Nicolaus, M., Tschudi, M., Timmermans, M.-L., Ashik, I., Frolov, I., Ha, H. K., Ingvaldsen, R., Kikuchi, T., Kim, T. W., Krishfield, R., Loeng, H., Nishino, S., Pickart, R., Polyakov, I., Rabe, B., Schauer, U., Schlosser, P., Smethie, W. M., Sokolov, V., Steele, M., Toole, J., Williams, W., Woodgate, R., Zimmerman, S., Cross, J. N., Evans, W., Anderson, L., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Derksen, C., Brown, R., Luojus, K., Sharp, M., Wolken, G., Geai, M.-L., Burgess, D., Arendt, A., Wouters, B., Kohler, J., Andreassen, L. M., Tedesco, M., Box, J. E., Cappelen, J., Fettweis, X., Jensen, T. S., Mote, T., Rennermalm, A. K., Smith, L. C., van de Wal, R. S. W., Wahr, J., Duguay, C. R., Brown, L. C., Kang, K.-K., Kheyrollah Pour, H., Streletskiy, D. A., Drozdov, D. S., Malkova, G. V., Oberman, N. G., Kholodov, A. L., Marchenko, S. S., Fogt, R. 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Abstract

In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral state during the entire year, remaining mostly on the cool side of neutral with modest impacts on regional weather patterns around the world. This follows several years dominated by the effects of either La Niña or El Niño events. According to several independent analyses, 2013 was again among the 10 warmest years on record at the global scale, both at the Earths surface and through the troposphere. Some regions in the Southern Hemisphere had record or near-record high temperatures for the year. Australia observed its hottest year on record, while Argentina and New Zealand reported their second and third hottest years, respectively. In Antarctica, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station reported its highest annual temperature since records began in 1957. At the opposite pole, the Arctic observed its seventh warmest year since records began in the early 20th century. At 20-m depth, record high temperatures were measured at some permafrost stations on the North Slope of Alaska and in the Brooks Range. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation occurred throughout much of the year, leading to marked regional extremes of both temperature and precipitation. Cold temperature anomalies during winter across Eurasia were followed by warm spring temperature anomalies, which were linked to a new record low Eurasian snow cover extent in May. Minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic was the sixth lowest since satellite observations began in 1979. Including 2013, all seven lowest extents on record have occurred in the past seven years. Antarctica, on the other hand, had above-average sea ice extent throughout 2013, with 116 days of new daily high extent records, including a new daily maximum sea ice area of 19.57 million km2 reached on 1 October. ENSO-neutral conditions in the eastern central Pacific

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