Chan, Ka Man Carmen., "October 2009.", Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-165)., s in English and Chinese., Table of Contents --- p.I, Acknowledgements --- p.IV, p.V, (Chinese version) --- p.VIII, List of Figures --- p.X, List of Tables --- p.XVIII, Chapter Chapter One. --- Introduction, Chapter 1.1 --- Pulmonary drug delivery --- p.1, Chapter 1.2 --- Inhalation drug delivery systems --- p.4, Chapter 1.3 --- Dry powder inhalation aerosols --- p.5, Chapter 1.3.1 --- Principle of operation of DPIs --- p.5, Chapter 1.3.2 --- Aerodynamic diameter --- p.6, Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Fine particle fraction --- p.8, Chapter 1.3.3 --- Dispersibility --- p.8, Chapter 1.3.4 --- Factors that affect dispersibility --- p.9, Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Particle Size --- p.9, Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Particle Density and Morphology --- p.10, Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Interparticulate interactions一Cohesion and adhesion --- p.11, Chapter 1.3.4.3.1 --- Surface energetics --- p.11, Chapter 1.3.4.3.2 --- Effect of hygroscopicity and electrostatic charges --- p.12, Chapter 1.4 --- Particle formation techniques for DPI formulation --- p.14, Chapter 1.4.1 --- Spray-drying --- p.14, Chapter 1.4.2 --- Surface modification --- p.16, Chapter 1.5 --- Physical characterization --- p.17, Chapter 1.5.1 --- Laser diffraction --- p.17, Chapter 1.5.2 --- X-ray powder diffraction --- p.18, Chapter 1.5.3 --- Thermal analysis --- p.19, Chapter 1.5.4 --- Particle morphology and surface area --- p.20, Chapter 1.5.5 --- In vitro aerosol performance --- p.21, Chapter 1.6 --- Surface characterization --- p.21, Chapter 1.6.1 --- X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) --- p.21, Chapter 1.6.2 --- Inverse gas chromatography --- p.22, Chapter 1.7 --- Atomic force microscopy in pharmaceutical science --- p.23, Chapter 1.7.1 --- Principle of operation --- p.24, Chapter 1.7.1.1 --- Tapping mode --- p.27, Chapter 1.7.1.2 --- Contact mode --- p.27, Chapter 1.8 --- Scope of thesis --- p.29, Chapter Chapter Two. --- Materials and Methods, Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.32, Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.32, Chapter 2.2.1 --- Optimization of spray-drying parameters --- p.32, Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of spray-dried salbutamol sulphate powders containing different concentrations of amino acid additive --- p.33, Chapter 2.2.3 --- Physical characterization of spray-dried powders --- p.34, Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Particle size and size distribution --- p.34, Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Specific surface area --- p.35, Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- X-ray powder diffraction --- p.35, Chapter 2.2.3.4. --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.36, Chapter 2.2.3.5. --- Thermal analysis --- p.36, Chapter 2.2.3.5.1 --- Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- p.36, Chapter 2.2.3.5.2 --- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- p.36, Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- Water vapour sorption isotherm --- p.37, Chapter 2.2.3.7 --- Density measurements --- p.37, Chapter 2.2.3.8 --- In vitro particle deposition (MSLI) --- p.38, Chapter 2.2.4 --- Surface characterization of the spray-dried powders --- p.39, Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) --- p.39, Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Surface energy measurement by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) --- p.40, Chapter 2.2.4.2.1 --- Calculation of standard free energy of adsorption --- p.41, Chapter 2.2.4.2.2 --- Dispersive component of surface free energy and related thermodynamic parameters --- p.42, Chapter 2.2.4.2.3 --- Specific interactions and associated acid-base properties --- p.43, Chapter 2.2.5. --- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) --- p.43, Chapter 2.2.5.1. --- Imaging --- p.43, Chapter 2.2.5.2. --- Force measurements --- p.44, Chapter 2.2.5.2.1 --- Adhesion force measurements --- p.44, Chapter 2.2.5.2.2 --- Force curve data conversions --- p.44, Chapter Chapter Three. --- "Optimal Spray-drying Conditions, Physical Characterization and Aerosol Performance of Additive-modified Spray-dried Salbutamol Sulphate particles", Chapter 3.1 --- Optimization of spray-drying conditions --- p.46, Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of phenylalanine on the spray-dried SS particles --- p.52, Chapter 3.2.1. --- Phenylalanine as the additive --- p.52, Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- In vitro aerosol performance --- p.53, Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Particle morphology --- p.55, Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Crystallinity --- p.62, Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Particle size distribution and specific surface area --- p.63, Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- Density --- p.65, Chapter 3.2.1.6 --- Thermal analysis --- p.66, Chapter 3.2.1.7 --- Water vapour isotherm --- p.70, Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of leucine on the spray-dried SS particles --- p.77, Chapter 3.3.1. --- L-Leucine as the additive --- p.77, Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- In vitro aerosol performance --- p.78, Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Particle morphology --- p.80, Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Crystallinity --- p.86, Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Particle size distribution and specific surface area --- p.87, Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- Density --- p.90, Chapter 3.3.1.6 --- Thermal analysis --- p.92, Chapter 3.3.1.7 --- Water vapour isotherm --- p.95, Chapter Chapter Four. --- Surface Characterization of Additive-modified Spray-dried Salbutamol Sulphate Particles, Chapter 4.1 --- X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy --- p.103, Chapter 4.1.1 --- Phenylalanine --- p.103, Chapter 4.1.2 --- Leucine --- p.104, Chapter 4.2 --- Inverse gas chromatography --- p.105, Chapter 4.2.1 --- Phenylalanine --- p.105, Chapter 4.2.2 --- Leucine --- p.107, Chapter 4.3 --- Atomic force microscopy --- p.109, Chapter 4.3.1 --- Surface topography --- p.109, Chapter 4.3.2 --- Adhesive force measurements --- p.118, Chapter Chapter Five. --- Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Works, Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusions --- p.139, Chapter 5.1.1 --- Physical properties --- p.139, Chapter 5.1.2 --- Surface characteristics and aerosol performance --- p.140, Chapter 5.2 --- Future studies --- p.142, Appendix --- p.143, References --- p.160, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894263, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)