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In the first years at the service of teaching, teachers face some educational, cultural, pedagogical, sports, artistic and/or administrative difficulties within the institutions where they work because in the teacher training institution these contents were not addressed within the curriculum, therefore, when entering the world to work, some skills and/or competencies could not be developed, for this reason, an analysis is given of those challenges that teachers commonly face within their classrooms and institution with the intention of knowing the work within the educational system and be prepared to develop those skills with the intention of offering a quality education and fulfilling the mission and vision of the school. For this, a quantitative investigation with a descriptive cut was carried out, in the same way the applied instrument was validated in the SPSS system and the correlation between the problems faced by new teachers and those with more experience, as well as the relationship between variables to substantiate the job description., Nos primeiros anos de docência, os professores enfrentam algumas dificuldades educacionais, culturais, pedagógicas, esportivas, artísticas e/ou administrativas dentro das instituições onde atuam porque esses conteúdos não foram abordados dentro da instituição formadora de professores, portanto, ao ingressarem na malha curricular. em todo o mundo, algumas habilidades e/ou competências não foram desenvolvidas, por isso é feita uma análise daqueles desafios que os professores comumente enfrentam em suas salas de aula e instituição com a intenção de conhecer o trabalho dentro do sistema educacional e estar preparados para desenvolver essas competências com a intenção de oferecer educação de qualidade e cumprir a missão e visão da escola. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa de natureza descritiva, da mesma forma que foi validado o instrumento aplicado e a correlação entre os problemas enfrentados pelos professores iniciantes e os com mais experiências no sistema SPSS, bem como a relação entre as variáveis para fundamentar a descrição do trabalho., En los primeros años al servicio de la docencia, los docentes enfrentan algunas dificultades educativas, culturales, pedagógicas, deportivas, artísticas y/o administrativas dentro de las instituciones donde laboran debido a que en la institución formadora de docentes no fueron abordados esos contenidos dentro de la malla curricular, por lo que, al entrar al mundo laborar algunas habilidades y/o competencias no se lograron desarrollar, por ello se da un análisis de aquellos retos que se enfrentan comúnmente los maestros dentro de sus aulas e institución con la intención de conocer el trabajo dentro del sistema educativo y estar preparado para desarrollar esas competencias con la intención de ofrecer una educación de calidad y cumplir con la misión y visión de la escuela. Para ello se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con corte descriptivo, de la misma manera se validó en el sistema SPSS el instrumento aplicado y la correlación entre las problemáticas que enfrentan los docentes de nuevo ingreso y aquellos con más experiencias, así como la relación entre variables para fundamentar la descripción del trabajo.

Purpose: This research aims to increase our understanding of how people behave when they choose several camps in Bedugul. By knowing the factors that influence consumers' lifestyle and buying interest, camp managers in Bedugul can increase their presence on Social Media to attract consumers' buying interest. Methodology:This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. The research method uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Data collection was carried out by studying literature and distributing questionnaires to respondents. Data processing was carried out using IBM software called Smart-PLS version 3.0. The Slovin formula was used to determine the sample size. Findings:E-WOM has a positive and significant influence on lifestyle and interest in buying camping in Bedugul, Social Media has a positive and significant influence on lifestyle and interest in buying camping in Bedugul, lifestyle has a positive and significant influence on interest in buying camping in Bedugul, E-WOM and social media has a positive and significant influence on interest in buying camping in Bedugul through lifestyle as a mediating variable. Implication:This research was conducted on a small scale in the Bedugul area with limited coverage, so the results may not fully represent the wider situation. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding and stronger generalizations, further research is needed on a larger scale and involving more variables. This will help in identifying and understanding various other aspects that may influence consumer buying interest in a broader context.

The researchers designed and developed the student attendance fingerprint using Arduino in Bestlink College of the Philippines to reduce the time-consuming tracking and monitoring of student attendance. One of the most important tasks in the classroom is checking attendance to monitor the students inside the class. The creation of this project will help the teachers/ faculty staff and administrators to easily record class attendance without calling each student's name and also to monitor their performances.   The researchers also used a descriptive survey questionnaire in which they provided an online survey questionnaire to collect the necessary data that helped determine the existing student attendance fingerprint using Arduino in Bestlink College of the Philippines.   The study's findings, as acquired from the survey questionnaires, under the existing student attendance fingerprint using Arduino in Bestlink College of the Philippines with a weighted mean of 3.39, were interpreted as very good. For the security indicator, a weighted mean of 3.53 was interpreted as excellent, and the reliability indicator acquired a weighted mean of 3.33, interpreted as very good. Lastly, the efficiency indicator acquired a weighted mean of 3.3, interpreted as very good.   The researchers created student attendance fingerprints using Arduino in Bestlink College of the Philippines to help administrators, faculty, and students eliminate the hassle of checking the class attendance one by one and have more time for learning. This technology will gather accurate information, check attendance easily, and monitor the students and their class performance. Based on the gathered data from the survey questionnaire of student attendance fingerprint using Arduino in Bestlink College of the Philippines, the existence of this design project will be helpful to lessen the time-consuming task of checking class attendance.

E-commerce is one of the digital marketing systems. It has increased rapidly in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic spread. However, there are several obstacles experienced by consumers from online sales, especially when selling fresh agricultural products, such as quality, suitability of products, services, and so on. This research aims to reveal consumer purchasing intentions and purchasing decisions for fresh agricultural products marketed online using the C-TAM-TPB theory. This theory is known to explain online purchases better. This research uses descriptive analysis. Data was obtained through surveys and literature studies on e-commerce fresh agricultural products. The results show that the majority characteristics of online consumers fresh agricultural products on the TukangSayur.co e-commerce are women. Their ages ranges from 26-35 years, and diploma/bachelor level education. There are 3 types of online consumers of fresh agricultural products. The most significant potential for purchasing decisions is type A. Majority of consumers are type A. Type A has a positive attitude towards purchasing. Consumers have confidence and trust in products and services. Through Type A, e-commerce can get more customers because they can provide positive recommendations to other people.JEL Classification L81; M31; Q02

Tourism in Indonesia holds immense potential for bolstering national income and fostering economic growth. Agrotourism, an emerging sector, intertwines tourism activities with agriculture, exemplified by the guava crystal orchads in Padang Village, Bojonegoro Regency. Despite its promise, the full potential of this agrotourism destination remains untapped. A mixed-method approach was employed in a study to assess its sustainability comprehensively. Quantitative data was initially collected and analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS), followed by SWOT analysis. Findings indicate that while the ecological dimension demonstrates strong sustainability, other aspects such as the economy exhibit room for improvement. Consequently, various sustainability formulation strategies are proposed. The S-O strategy advocates collaboration with external stakeholders under favorable terms, while the W-O strategy emphasizes heightened promotional efforts and collaborative ventures to enhance human resource quality. Moreover, the S-T strategy entails intensifying promotional activities to counter competitors, whereas the W-T strategy focuses on enhancing accessibility, diversifying product offerings, and fostering collaborations to tackle challenges effectively. Implementation of these strategies is anticipated to furnish managers and policymakers with a pragmatic framework to enhance the sustainability. In essence, stakeholders can propel the crystal guava orchard agrotourism towards greater sustainability, thereby contributing significantly to the economic advancement of the region.JEL Classification A14; Q26; Z30

Overflow from water bodies such as lakes, rivers, or oceans is called a flood. Such calamities do irreparable harm to several sectors in any location. Like other sectors, the education sector was also affected by floods; this study's main focus was to observe the effects of floods on students' enrolment, attendance, and performance in curricular activities in Tehsil Bhowana. District Chiniot has three tehsils: Chiniot, Lalian, and Bhowana. Among these tehsils, Bhowana was partially affected by flood. The flood-affected schools include 13 male and 17 female public schools. The population size was 65 male and 78 female teachers, respectively. A random sample of 121 respondents was selected, and data was collected by using a questionnaire. The research was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The main findings were the spread of infectious diseases, lack of proper planning by the government, temporary migrations, food shortage, damaged school buildings, student absenteeism, dropping out from schools, unhealthy environment, psychological effects on teachers and students, and temporary closure of schools were the main effects of the flood on students’ enrolment, attendance, and curricular activities. It was concluded that floods not only create hurdles in the learning process of learners but also close schools permanently or temporarily, destroy infrastructure, displace families, and spread infectious diseases. The study’s main recommendations were alternative sites, schools, not evacuation centers, a proactive planning approach by the government, more funds in the budget for damaged schools’ buildings, and health services being provided to the affected ones on an urgent basis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exhibited a significant impact on higher education learning. Campus closure or social distancing has been handled by University management, in limited or emergency situations. However, the pandemic has also provided extraordinary lessons learned for the sustainability of higher education in Indonesia. During the post-pandemic period, online learning or blended patterns can be carried out enthusiastically. This paper emphasizes that post-pandemic learning should be strengthened by an evaluation process and a level of satisfaction. The quality assurance mechanism is carried out systematically, especially ensuring the evaluation of online learning and taking continuous improvement actions. The evaluation process is complemented by a customer satisfaction survey involving students, lecturers, and admin staff to ensure the mechanism meets standards. Students should get a favorable atmosphere to involve in learning with the support of adequate lecturer competence, communicative tutorials, easy-to-understand online platforms, and proper class management.JEL Classification D80; I18; I23

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has begun to penetrate various social and economic activities in Indonesia. During the pandemic, social distancing activities were able to accelerate the application of AI, and promptly became a safety valve and economic driver in various sector. However, attention to AI implementation opens up space for intensive discourse. AI as a technological element also has social and economic impacts, especially social, economic and political inequality. In the midst of obtaining positive economic benefits, innovation excellence and efficiency, AI in Indonesia still faces problems with agricultural workforce (38.7 million people), ethical and legal aspects, and organizational culture. Solutions from a social and economic perspective anticipating AI include (i) affirmative policies aimed at empowering and increasing the productivity of agricultural workers, (ii) collaboration between IT experts and business practitioners, social science experts and legal practitioners to ensure AI works within a safety and legality framework; and (iii) building an organizational culture in business and public sector management to run a business that meets sustainability principles.JEL Classification J00; K20; O38

Applied epidemiologists are required to not only address causal aims but descriptive and predictive aims as well. There is a lack of guidance on how to approach aims that are not obviously causal with the causal tools and methods that epidemiologists are often trained in. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are used in epidemiology and clinical research to clarify assumptions and illustrate causal questions to inform study design and statistical analysis. However, there is little guidance on the use of DAGs outside of causal inference. This dissertation aims to address this gap by walking through the use of DAGs while navigating and adapting previously developed frameworks. In chapter 1, we provide the background and general approach of the dissertation. In chapters 2-4, we adapt an existing framework to provide guidance on the use of DAGs to address descriptive, predictive, and causal aims, respectively. We demonstrate the application of DAGs by working through an example aim using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES-I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) as used in Causal Inference: What If. Lastly, chapter 5 provides a brief discussion of the similarities and differences in addressing these types of aims. We found that the importance of the target population is prevalent in any type of study. Similarly, selection bias, information bias, and missing data issues can arise in any study whereas confounding may not be as much of a concern in descriptive and some predictive studies. DAGs are useful to communicate and address these uncertainties.

Descriptive statistical analysis is the first step that every researcher must take when preparing to analyse the data collected during the fieldwork of their research. It is essential to know, in a descriptive way, the characteristics of the sample participating in the study and the initial results obtained, as a preliminary step to carrying out inferential analyses or adjusting statistical models that explain the data obtained in greater depth. This work presents an introduction to the different variables that can be found and the implementation of their descriptive analysis using the free statistical software jamovi. It shows, therefore, a tool at no cost, which offers powerful results without the need to know a statistical programming language., El análisis estadístico descriptivo es el primer paso que cualquier persona que pretenda realizar una investigación cuantitativa debe dar cuando se dispone a realizar el análisis de los datos recogidos durante el trabajo de campo de su investigación. Es fundamental conocer de una forma descriptiva las características de la población participante en el estudio y los resultados iniciales obtenidos, como paso previo a la realización de análisis inferenciales o al ajuste de modelos estadísticos que expliquen de forma más profunda los datos obtenidos. Este trabajo presenta una introducción a las diferentes variables que nos podemos encontrar y a la implementación de su análisis descriptivo mediante el software estadístico libre jamovi. Se muestra, por tanto, una herramienta sin coste alguno que ofrece resultados potentes sin necesidad de conocer un lenguaje de programación estadístico.

Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation mit dem Titel: „Die Rolle und Bedeutung der Werbung im Automobilmarketing“ ist - unter Verwendung des perspektivischen Ansatzes von Experten aus der Automobilindustrie, dem Autohandel und der Kreativwirtschaft – Betrachtungsweisen von Theorie und Empirie zu vereinen. Dadurch sollen wertvolle, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse generiert werden. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Endkunden in Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz. Des Weiteren wird im Zuge der Medienkonvergenz, der Digitalisierung und eines veränderten Mediennutzungsverhaltens die Automobilwerbung analysiert: Im Zentrum dieser Betrachtung stehen die Bedeutungsrelevanz im Automobilmarketing, die Verortung von werbepsycho-logischen Erfolgsfaktoren und der Einfluss strategischer Positionierung in Bezug auf den Werbeerfolg. Die systematische Literaturanalyse stützt sich auf wissenschaftliche Nachbarbereiche der Werbung und auf die Betrachtung komplexer, werblicher Prozesse. Modelle aus interferierenden Fachdisziplinen des Marketings, Konsumentenverhaltens und der Werbepsychologie kommen hier zum Einsatz. Die empirische Untersuchung wird durch die Methode der deskriptiven Statistik von Endkunden und Experten anhand eigener, quantitativen Online-Befragungen durchgeführt und bringt Erkenntnisse sowohl für die Medienwissenschaft als auch die Praxis hervor. Die Herausforderung in dieser Dissertation besteht darin, die komplexen Interferenzen der Fachdisziplinen im Kontext dieser Arbeit aufzunehmen und in einer Annäherung der Allgemeingültigkeit erfolgsorientiert offenzulegen. Obwohl Werbung aufgrund der gesellschaftlichen und technischen Transformationen auch künftig einem starken Wandel unterzogen sein wird, ist sie innerhalb des Automobilmarketings immer noch von großer Relevanz., The aim of the dissertation entitled "The role and importance of advertising in automotive marketing" is, to combine perspectives of theory and empiricism in relation to customers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and using the perspective approach of experts from the automotive industry, the car trade and the creative industries in order to generate scientific insights. Furthermore, in the course of media convergence, digitization and changed media usage behavior, automotive advertising is now analyzed with regard to the relevance of meaning in automotive marketing, the location of advertising psychological success factors and the influence of strategic positioning with regard to advertising success. The systematic analysis of literature is based on the scientific neighbouring areas of advertising and the consideration of complex advertising processes and models from interfering disciplines of marketing, consumer behavior and advertising psychology. The empirical study is carried out using the method of descriptive statistic of end customers and experts by means of their own quantitative online surveys and is intended to produce insights for media studies and practice. The challenge in this dissertation is to record the complex interferences of the disciplines on one hand and to reveal them in a success-oriented approach to the generality on the other hand! Advertising is of central importance to automobile sales and marketing. It will continue to evolve and change in the future due to processes related to social and technical transformation., Claus Hutter, Dissertation Universität Innsbruck 2023

Studying women's representation in legislatures is relevant because women's access to these bodies and their participation in decision-making are fundamental to realising the right to equal participation in democratic governance. It has been found that an increased female presence in legislatures does not always lead to women's access to the most important working and decision-making bodies on an equal footing with men. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyse women's participation in the lower or single chambers of 17 Latin American countries from two dimensions of representation: descriptive and substantive. In order to study the latter type of representation, legislative committees are taken into account. It is found that a higher percentage of women occupying a seat does not always translate into women holding an equal proportion of committee chairmanships. It is also observed that women are predominantly the chairpersons of reproductive committees. It is concluded (1) that access to positions of political representation does not necessarily translate into equal access to positions of power within the legislative chambers and (2) that women occupy a smaller proportion of the most important committees, demonstrating that the strong and most powerful committees continue to be held by men due to the construction of politics and its exercise as androcentric., Estudiar la representación femenina en las asambleas legislativas es relevante porque el acceso de las mujeres a estos órganos y su participación en la toma de decisiones son fundamentales para hacer efectivo el derecho a participar por igual en la gobernanza democrática. Se ha constatado que una mayor presencia femenina en las asambleas legislativas no siempre conduce al acceso de las mujeres a los órganos de trabajo y decisión más importantes en igualdad con los hombres. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la participación de las mujeres en las cámaras bajas o únicas de 17 países latinoamericanos, desde dos dimensiones de la representación: descriptiva y sustantiva. Para estudiar este último tipo de representación se tienen en cuenta las comisiones legislativas. Se constata que un mayor porcentaje de mujeres ocupando un escaño no siempre se traduce en que éstas ejerzan en igual proporción las presidencias de las comisiones. También se observa que las mujeres ocupan, sobre todo, presidencias de comisiones de reproducción. Se concluye (1) que el acceso a cargos de representación política no se traduce necesariamente en el ingreso igualitario a puestos de poder dentro de las cámaras legislativas y (2) que las mujeres ocupan en menos proporción las comisiones más importantes, manifestando que las comisiones fuertes y que mayor poder representan siguen siendo para los hombres por la construcción de la política y su ejercicio como androcéntrica.

The ability that should be possessed by students is not only limited to learning outcomes by receiving knowledge. Critical thinking skills need to be a provision to face the demands of the 21st century. Science is a subject that can not be separated from the critical thinking skills. One of the scientific materials is environmental pollution. Research has been carried out that aims to determine the students' initial critical thinking skills. The subjects used in the study were students of Junior High School Plus Nurul Hikmah. This type of research is descriptive method. The data collection instrument used a test. The results showed that the average critical thinking skillsof students was low category. The achievement of the indicator elementary clarification scored 43% in the medium category, while the indicator the basis for the decision scored 39% in the low category. The achievement of the indicator inference obtained 46% in the medium category. The indicator advances clarification scored 43% in the medium category, while the indicator supposition and integration scored 29% in the low category. In general, category for students critical thinking skills in all indicators are low. In general, criteria for students critical thinking skills in all indicators are low.

Despite molting is an important and expensive activity in the life cycle of birds, this process is poorly known for neotropical species and even less so for species inhabiting urban zones. We studied molt patterns, aging and sexing criteria, and morphometrics for seven common resident species in an urban area of ​​Lima city, Peru. All species evidenced complete prebasic molts. Partial to eccentric incomplete preformative molts were evidenced for six species (Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola, and Thraupis episcopus); whereas Columbina cruziana exhibited a complete molt. All thraupid species exhibited partial prealternate molts. Preformative and prebasic molts were recorded mostly during the dry season, and the few records of prealternate molts might suggest its occurrence soon after the wet season. Our species also exhibited low molt synchrony, with some of them (C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. flaveola) exhibiting extensive molt periods likely explained by its potential to reproduce throughout the year and/or the existence of suspended/ protracted molts. Morphometric analysis evidenced significant differences according to sex for C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. analis, with the wing chord being the most common characteristic for distinguishing between sexes. Our study covers an important gap in the knowledge of the natural history of urban birds and provides information to test hypotheses of molt pattern variation on species with widespread distribution throughout the Americas., A pesar de que la muda constituye una actividad importante y costosa en el ciclo de vida de aves, este proceso es poco conocido en especies neotropicales y lo es aún menos para especies que habitan ambientes urbanos. Estudiamos los patrones de muda, criterios de determinación de edad y sexo y datos morfométricos correspondientes a siete especies de aves residentes comunes en un área urbana de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Todas las especies evidenciaron muda prebásica completa. Mudas preformativa parcial a incompleta excéntrica fueron evidenciadas para Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola y Thraupis episcopus; mientras que Columbina cruziana evidenció una muda completa. Todos los traúpidos exhibieron mudas prealterna parcial. Las mudas preformativa y prebásica fueron registradas principalmente durante la temporada seca, y los pocos registros de muda prealterna sugieren su ocurrencia poco después de la temporada húmeda. Nuestras especies también exhibieron una baja sincronía de muda, y algunas de ellas (C. cruziana, P. rubinus y C. flaveola) exhibieron períodos extensos de muda probablemente explicados por su potencial para reproducirse durante el año o la existencia de mudas suspendida / prolongada. El análisis morfométrico evidenció diferencias significativas según sexo para C. cruziana, P. rubinus y C. analis, siendo la cuerda alar la característica más común para distinguir sexos. Nuestro estudio cubre un vacío importante en conocimiento de la historia natural de aves urbanas y proporciona información para probar hipótesis sobre la variación de patrones de muda en especies con amplia distribución en las Américas.

Salah satu objek atau gejala yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar adalah potensi daerah. Dusun Dirun memiliki potensi berupa keanekaragaman durian yang sudah terkenal secara nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi hasil studi variasi morfologi durian di Dusun Dirun sebagai sumber belajar biologi kelas X SMA pada materi keanekaragaman hayati, serta untuk mengetahui kualitas leaflet yang disusun berdasarkan hasil kajian tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang meliputi dua langkah pokok, yaitu analisis potensi dan pengukuran kualitas leaflet. Hasil analisis potensi menunjukkan bahwa hasil studi variasi morfologi durian di Dusun Dirun berpotensi sebagai sumber belajar biologi SMA kelas X, materi keanekaragaman hayati. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian, leaflet yang disusun termasuk ke dalam kategori “sangat baik” menurut ahli materi maupun ahli media. Rata-rata nilai yang diperoleh dari ahli materi adalah sebesar 85,31%, sedangkan dari ahli media sebesar 83,85%

Marriage organizations are an experienced social system, providing a system in which the overall super-building of civilization and success is built. With different individual regulations, the idea of ​​marriage has different meanings, from sacred to legally binding unions. Overall, India is still seen by the world as a country where marriage has a rational and fundamentally sacred position. In any case, the adaptation of contemporary design has changed the general idea of ​​marriage. Today, in our general public, we are changing from organized partnerships with love relationships to partnerships with same-sex marriages. You can feel it; Relationships are made in paradise. It is a notable saying. When the two meet and the marriage is over, this is recognized as the will of God. Marriage can be between similar statuses or ranks. Relationships within similar ranks mean that both children and young women have places with similar environments. A buried standing relationship means that young women and children come from different stations, some of which are lower.

COVID-19 infection can cause psychological distress and profoundly impact patients' lives, but it can also lead to positive changes and post-traumatic growth (PTG), or positive psychological change in response to challenging life circumstances. Current research on the influence of COVID-19 infection has mainly focused on its negative effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with COVID-19 in China experienced PTG and, if so, what changed for them during the process of PTG. We used a qualitative descriptive approach to conduct this study. Using the purposive sampling recruitment method, patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were recruited from a COVID-19 designated hospital in Shanghai, China, from April to July 2020. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted via cell phone or in person while social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Forty confirmed COVID-19 patients (19-68 years old) were recruited. Several prominent themes and subthemes were extracted from the interview responses regarding participants' experiences of PTG. The following are among the positive changesthat occurred for these participants after their diagnosis of COVID-19: (1) Reevaluation of their life priorities, which included a greater appreciation of being alive and re-evaluating their values and goals, (2) Improved relationships within their social circles, which included establishing or maintaining closer relationships with family and friends and a greater willingness to help others, and (3) Perceived changes regarding themselves, which included personal growth and increased awareness of the importance of their health. The study identified potential positive impacts of COVID-19 on patients, which could be helpful in the implementation of interventions to facilitate PTG among COVID-19 survivors.

This study compares two descriptive methods based on consumers' perceptions of the sensory profile of Andean Mint (Muña) herbal teas. Participants evaluated five Andean Mint beverages using flash profile (FP) methodology (n=20) and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questions (n=105). For data analysis, generalized procruster analysis (GPA) was used for the PF and the Cochran Q test with correspondence analysis for the CATA questions. In addition, the RV coefficient was used to compare the sensory maps generated by both methods, using the R software and XLSTAT-test version. The results of the flash profile and CATA questions showed the formation of four groups, the first group consisting of samples D and E; the second, third and fourth groups, A, B and C, respectively. The RV coefficient was 0.94, indicating a very high similarity between both methods. These results demonstrate a high accuracy and reproducibility of sensory information obtained by consumers applying descriptive sensory methods in foods. Flash profiling is slower and more labor-intensive, making it suitable for exploratory studies with a smaller number of consumers, while CATA questions are faster and less labor-intensive, making it suitable for studies with a larger group of consumers., Este estudio compara dos métodos descriptivos basados ​​en las percepciones de los consumidores para conocer el perfil sensorial de infusiones de muña. Las personas participantes evaluaron cinco bebidas de muña utilizando la metodología perfil flash (Flash profile-FP) (n=20) y preguntas CATA (marque todo lo que corresponda o Check-All-That-Apply–CATA, siglas en inglés) (n=105). Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó el análisis procruster generalizado en el FP y el test de Q Cochran con el análisis de correspondencia para las preguntas CATA. Además, se utilizó el coeficiente RV para comparar los mapas sensoriales generados por ambos métodos, usando el software R y la versión de prueba XLSTAT. Los resultados del perfil flash y preguntas CATA, evidenciaron la formación de cuatro grupos. El primer grupo conformado por las muestras D y E; el segundo, tercero y cuarto grupo, A, B y C, respectivamente. El coeficiente RV fue de 0.94, lo que indica una similitud muy alta entre los dos métodos. Estos resultados demuestran precisión y reproducibilidad de la información sensorial obtenida por los consumidores que aplican diferentes métodos para describir los alimentos. El perfil flash es más lento y laborioso, siendo adecuado para estudios exploratorios con un menor número de consumidores, mientras que las preguntas CATA son más rápidas y requieren menos mano de obra, por lo que son adecuadas, para estudios con un grupo más amplio de consumidores.

This scientometric study investigates the current state of various studies on the Islamic moral economy published by journals equipped with a digital-object-identifier. The analysis is focused on descriptions of the characteristics and trends of keywords, authors and journals. The data analyzed were 182 research publications in Dimensi (https://dimension.ai). The search used to determine the research dataset was last updated on January 9, 2021. Descriptive statistical methods were used, and bibliometric analysis was performed using the R Biblioshiny to determine the bibliometric map. The number of articles discussing the theme of the Islamic moral economy is quite large in recent years. Many journals publish this theme, among which the most are JES (Islamic Economics Journal) which contains several authors who research this theme with various keywords. The most productive writer is Asutay M. The most popular keywords used are 'Islamic, economy, moral'. This study provides an overview of trends in topics, keywords, journals and writers in the most popular articles on the theme of Islamic moral economy, thus providing information for researchers who focus on research in this field. This theme has the potential to continue to be developed.

Bakgrund: Amerikansk fotboll är en sport under tillväxt internationellt. I Sverige finns tre herrligor i dagsläget. Styrketräning är, nästintill, nödvändigt för spelare inom amerikansk fotboll för att optimera prestation samt reducera risk för akuta- samt överbelastningsskador. Syfte: Kartlägga styrketräningsdosering samt skade- och sjukdomsläget hos spelare i Sveriges högsta och tredje herrliga under fyra veckor i tävlingssäsong. Metod: Ett frågeformulär formades riktat åt studiens syfte, och förmedlades ut till organisationer i ovan nämnda ligor. Data gällande antal styrketräningspass per vecka, antal övningar per styrketräningspass, antal set per övning, antal repetitioner per set samt skattad utmattning (RPE) i genomsnittligt set samlades in. Även data gällande sjukdomar och skador som begränsat träning senaste fyra veckorna togs in. Data delades in i subgrupper enligt liga samt spelarens position. Resultat: Insamlad data visade följande: 41 % av deltagarna styrketränade ett till två pass per vecka och 37 % tre till fyra pass. Tjugoen procent utförde tre till fyra övningar per pass, 48 % utförde fem till sex och 27 % utförde sju eller fler. Åttioen procent utförde tre till fyra set per övning. Fyrtio procent utförde fyra till sju repetitioner per set och 52 % utförde åtta till tolv. Medianvärdet (kvartilavstånd) för RPE skattningar per set var 7 (2). Andelen som begränsats i träning av skada under de senaste fyra veckorna var 42 %. Motsvarande andel gällande sjukdom var 13 %. Slutsats: Denna studie visar att hälften av deltagarnas styrketräningsdosering var i linje med rekommendationer för att bibehålla styrka och kraftutveckling samt inverka på risk för akuta- samt överbelastningsskador under tävlingssäsong. På grund av stickprovets begränsade storlek behövs vidare studier i detta område samt kring optimal styrketräningsdosering hos spelare inom amerikansk fotboll., Introduction: American football is a growing sport internationally. In Sweden there are three leagues of men’s American football. Strength training is thought necessary for American football players to perform well and reduce the risk of acute and overload injuries. Aim: To describe what the dosage of strength training were among the players and, further, the number of injuries and illnesses of players active in the first and third Swedish league during the competitive season. Method: A survey was created for this aim and sent to organizations in targeted leagues. Data on weekly number of sessions, number of exercises per session, number of sets and repetitions and ratings of perceived exertion as well as injuries and illnesses was collected and analyzed for the entity and subgroups, determined by league and position. Results: The collected data showed the following: 41 % of the players performed one to two weekly sessions and 37 % performed three to four weekly sessions. Twenty-one percent performed three to four exercises per session, 48 % performed five to six and 27 % performed seven or more. Eighty-one percent performed three to four number of sets per exercise. Forty percent performed four to seven repetitions per set and 52 % performed eight to twelve. The median value (inter-quartile range) of the rated perceived exertion per set was 7 (2). The amount of players limited in training by injuries during the previous four weeks was 42 %. The equivalent for illnesses was 13 %. Conclusion: Approximately half the sample of players performed a total strength training dosage thought to retain strength and power and, further, to have an effect on the risk of acute and overload injuries during the competitive season. Because of the small sample size, optimal strength training dosage for American football players needs further study.

The impact of the pandemic on higher education activities is a major concern around the world. Higher education is obliged to carry out the necessary measures of adaptation, innovation, and management change, which are promoted by leaders at various levels. The leadership is further committed to encouraging transformative changes to meet students’ most critical needs. Leadership is expected to be able to use all resources in the organization, even in limited conditions due to pandemic impacts. The crisis condition during pandemic become the main approach in implementing higher education leadership. First, the leader develops effective multi-directional communication to mediate and respond to actual needs and changes, especially involving parties impacted or affected by policy changes. Second, the leader develops a cooperation network to support mutually one another to form productivity. It is necessary to network with all interests to formulate the best solution to reduce the adverse impacts of the pandemic. Third, the leader develops empathy to encourage the work environment, increase productivity, and combine efforts to promote health on their personal and professional sides. Fourth, lecturers develop an own set of heuristics for managing their classes using technology as the main work in the new normal situation.JEL Classification A23; I00; I23

As part of the Health Care Interaction project that was rolled out in western Sweden, home health nurses (HHNs) were called on as first responders to provide emergency treatment to patients, while waiting for the ambulance to arrive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Health Care Interaction project in terms of the training and preparation of HHNs and the competencies that the nurses felt they needed to develop to feel confident in these assignments. In this qualitative descriptive study, 11 home health nurses from six municipalities that implemented the project were interviewed, and the data were analysed using content analysis. The COREQ guidelines were followed in the reporting of this study. The findings show that some municipalities did not have a training or preparation course in place, and guided the HHNs to refer to self-education material. The HHNs emphasised the importance of continuously updating their knowledge and skills through regular training. Further, feedback and reflection were considered important as reinforcement of learning.

Awal tahun 2020 pandemi Covid-19 memasuki wilayah Indonesia yang sebelumnya pandemi yang sama mengguncang kota Wuhan Tiongkok, dan hingga saat ini beberapa wilayah terjangkit dalam waktu tidak terlalu lama berubah menjadi wilayah zona merah. Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pun mengalami hal serupa, sekitar pertengahan bulan Maret 2020 terkonfirmasi di Kabupaten Basel satu kasus, disusul oleh Kabupaten Belitung, Kota Pangkalpinang, Kabupaten Bangka dan akhirnya seluruh Kabupaten Kota di wilayah Provinsi terpapar Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien Covid19 reaktif yang dikarantina di non fasilitas kesehatan (Wisma Asrama Haji). Data yang diolah merupakan data sekunder bersumber dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bangka Belitung dengan periode waktu Maret – Juli 2020. Adapun untuk dapat mencapai tujuan penelitian, metode yang digunakan antara lain : metode statistik deskriptif dan visualisasi grafik. Wisma Asrama Haji merupakan sarana yang diberdayakan untuk menampung pasien covid-19 reaktif dari seluruh kluster, sebelumnya tercatat tempat non fasilitas kesehatan sampai pada awal bulan Juni fasilitas kamar penuh. Lonjakan kasus Covid-19 (kasus reaktif) di Bangka Belitung terjadi di awal bulan Juni, untuk menampung semua kasus tersebut, Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi kembali membuka fasilitas karantina khusus atau wisma karantina kluster reaktif di gedung Asrama Haji dengan kapasitas 70 kamar. Setiap kamar disediakan hanya untuk satu orang penghuni atau kasus. Melalui proses karantina di wisma karantina ini, penyebaran kasus Covid-19 di Babel dapat dikendalikan secara bertahap, hingga sekarang kasus Covid-19 baik kasus reaktif maupun kasus terkonfirmasi mulai mereda, hanya 1-3 kasus dalam perawatan saat ini.

Qualitative studies are often found to be accompanied by quotations from interviews or similar data sources. As with any methodological tradition, it is essential to critically explore the general principle of including quotations in scientific papers: what is the purpose and justification for including quotations? Are there standards and, in that case, what are they and what are their scientific positioning? This paper presents an overview of the somewhat diverse guidance found in the literature in reference to the representation of quotations. Yet, both students and scholars use a variety of approaches to quote from their data, ranging from presenting numerous, extensive, and/or comprehensive quotations throughout the results section to the reporting of a few particular quotations to illustrate certain aspects of the findings only. While their function may be described, scientific reasoning for using quotations is scarce. Along with an overview of the scientific background and options for including quotations in qualitative studies, we discuss the consequences of the different epistemological and methodological aspects found in the literature. In conclusion, we argue that there are incentives for promoting a more deliberate employment of references from data; deriving from the human sciences tradition, a corresponding epistemological stance would suggest that quotations preferably apply for illustrating the analysis process and/or findings, while the idea that quotations can be employed to validate findings has limited support. Further critical examination of the application of and justification for including quotations in the reporting of qualitative studies is needed among researchers, journal editors and reviewers.

The queen has tasked you and your adventuring party with slaying a dragon. Can you do it? More importantly, do you want to?

Survival game in which you trying to survive until help arrives. You have a few means by which to search for food. Not every choice is right.

This research sought to discover the capabilities of Nigerian undergraduates in handling the salient characteristics of essay in English. Such qualities as clarity, economy, simplicity, unity and coherence were the variables in the assessment. The study was conducted within the framework of the theory of descriptive linguistics and its sub-discipline of stylistics. Four topics representing argumentative, descriptive, expository and narrative essays were given to students for each of them to voluntarily choose one and write on in a strictly supervised writing test. All the essays were marked on the above stated variables. Critical case sampling strand of the purposive sampling was used to select four outstanding essays each representing one of the four departments of the Akwa Ibom State University of Nigeria. Paragraph and sentence formed some of the units of analysis. It was found out that the four subjects whose essays were analyzed proved their mettle in producing readable and creative prose in the four genres with some room for improvement. It is suggested that the Use of English programme in Nigerian universities should be extended from one to two years in addition to regular practice in writing by students and feedback from lecturers.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kategori teacher talk dan student talk dalam bahasa Banjar pada interaksi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris berdasarkan Foreign Language Interaction Analysis (FLINT). Penelitian dilakukan pada satu kali pembelajaran bahasa Inggris kelas X SMAN 13 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan perekaman interaksi guru dan siswa dalam bahasa Banjar selama proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Data disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi dialog interaksi antara guru dan siswa. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan mereduksi data, mengelompokkan teacher talk dan student talk yang nampak sesuai dengan kategori FLINT, serta menyimpulkan hasil kategori interaksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kategori teacher talk menggunakan bahasa Banjar yang nampak adalah deals with feelings, asks questions, gives information, serta gives directions. Sementara itu, student talk yang terlihat adalah kategori student-initiated response saja. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa ibu dalam interaksi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dapat dilakukan berdasarkan kebutuhan siswa.

The voices of people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) are underrepresented in research examining their participation in faith communities. This qualitative case study examined the participation of people with IDD in one intentionally inclusive Christian faith community with a primary focus on the perceptions of faith community members with IDD. This community was unique in its theological stance toward inclusion, and in the steps the community had already taken to be inclusive. I conducted two types of interviews (in-depth individual and Photo-Voice) with people with disabilities who were active in the community and their family members to explore their perceptions of participation and belonging in the faith community. I also conducted in-depth interviews with three of the faith community leaders. I supported interview data with field observations and a document review. I prioritized the voices of people with IDD by using in-vivo coding strategies based on their words and used thematic analysis across data sources. Five primary themes emerged from this analysis including: Leadership, relationships, traditions and routines, hospitality and beliefs with the first three themes focusing on the experiences of people with IDD, and the last two on the community. The implications of this study include suggestions to support authentic participation of people with IDD in faith community settings, implications for research with people with IDD in these settings, and the need for systemic changes in faith community structures or policies to support inclusive practice beyond the tenure of one faith community leader. Keywords: disability, intellectual and developmental disability, faith community, inclusion, participation, descriptive, case study

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kategori teacher talk dan student talk dalam bahasa Banjar pada interaksi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris berdasarkan Foreign Language Interaction Analysis (FLINT). Penelitian dilakukan pada satu kali pembelajaran bahasa Inggris kelas X SMAN 13 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan perekaman interaksi guru dan siswa dalam bahasa Banjar selama proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Data disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi dialog interaksi antara guru dan siswa. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan mereduksi data, mengelompokkan teacher talk dan student talk yang nampak sesuai dengan kategori FLINT, serta menyimpulkan hasil kategori interaksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kategori teacher talk menggunakan bahasa Banjar yang nampak adalah deals with feelings, asks questions, gives information, serta gives directions. Sementara itu, student talk yang terlihat adalah kategori student-initiated response saja. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa ibu dalam interaksi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dapat dilakukan berdasarkan kebutuhan siswa.

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been occurring in Indonesia for more than 50 years, and there were 65,602 cases of it in 2018 alone. Sumenep District reported the 12th highest number of DHF cases (292) in East Java Province in 2018. Purpose: This research aims to describe DHF in Sumenep District in 2018. Methods: This research is a descriptive study employing a cross-sectional design. The data used in this research were secondary data gathered from the Sumenep Health Office in 2018. The variables observed in this research were the epidemiological characteristics included in the epidemiological triangle”people, place (region), and time. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the DHF case distribution, using a frequency table, among the people, place (region), and time variables. Results: Sumenep District is home to 1,085,227 citizens, with a population density of 518 people/km2. The number of DHF cases in Sumenep District was 292, with the highest concentration of cases in the age range of 5–14 years (47.30%); the most cases were also male (57.19%). DHF often occurred in sub-districts with high population density, and more commonly in January. Conclusion: Most of the Sumenep District's DHF cases in 2018 were males in the age group of 5–14 years old.

This study determines the awareness of the stakeholders on the vision, mission, goals, and objectives (VMGO) and how these are disseminated; evaluates the stakeholders’ understanding and acceptance of the VMGO. It uses a descriptive type of research using the survey approach, with a stakeholder survey questionnaire to gather data. Results show that the stakeholders are generally aware, understand and accept the VMGO. The study also reveals that the stakeholders generally perceive that the VMGO are clearly stated, consistent with each other, congruent to educational practices or activities, and attainable. It also shows that the internal stakeholders, especially the administrators and faculty members, are much aware, understand and accept the VMGO than the external stakeholders. The Vision, Mission, Goal and program objectives offered in the College of Arts and Sciences were highly acceptable to the various stakeholders of the University.

This review paper tries to evaluate an ESP course book entitled Get Along with English for the Hotel Industry published by Erlangga in 2006. A course book is considered as a necessary aspect in the classroom. Teachers usually follow the content and activities provided in the course book. ESP teachers often find difficulty in finding the suitable one. As a result, a book review is needed to match teacher and learners’ needs to available solutions. The instrument to evaluate the couse book used Alan Cunningsworth’s checklist taken from his book, Evaluating and Selecting EFL Teaching Materials (1984) consisted of six majors evaluation criteria and one conclusion and overall evaluation. The method of this study was qualitative descriptive to evaluate the current course book based on the guidelines and framework presented in the available checklist of evaluation criteria. The results indicated that the course book can be appropriate for hotel industry students but should be modified in some cases to meet the course objectives and encourage students to use what they learn in their future workplace.The weaknesses found from this book can be a chance for the teachers to develop the incomplete/inappropriate materials better and meet the teachers and students’ needs.

The behavior of some nightlife-setting patrons would be unacceptable in workplaces or public settings and could cause distress to other patrons. This quantitative study determined 381 young Australian’s descriptive (i.e., what they perceive to be the behavior most other people engage in) and personal norms regarding four types of sexual behavior (dancing, grabbing, grinding, and kissing). Participants’ personal norms were that these behaviors are wrong, but they reported that the behaviors are common in a nightlife setting. Behaviors such as these could theoretically be prevented by modifying patrons’ descriptive norms with evidence that their beliefs are contrary to individuals’ personal norms of acceptable behavior in nightlife settings.

Background: Sexuality is an important part of people's health and well-being. The treatment of breast cancer can cause extensive side effects that have a detrimental effect on the women's self-image and body image. Menopausal side effects such as dry mucous membranes and impaired sexual health affect women's well-being and attractiveness. Aim: The purpose of this literature review was to highlight women's experience of sexual health in relation to breast cancer treatment. Method: The method used for this study was a qualitative method where knowledge was obtained from previous research in the field. The data were then compiled into a combined image of the subject. Friberg´s five-step-model was used for the analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from the results of the studies, which highlighted the women's perceived sexual health during breast cancer treatment. These were the changed body, the sexuality of the change, to be different and the need for support. Conclusion: The side effects of breast cancer treatment caused extensive changes for the women as well as an affected and altered sexual health. Changed body image and reduced self-image affected them both physically and mentally. The need for support and information is a crucial factor in preventing psychosocial problems and an unnecessary suffering for women., Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerdiagnosen bland kvinnor i världen. De drabbade kvinnorna blir påminda om sin sjukdom varje dag - den stympade kvinnokroppen och biverkningar från behandlingarna är en ständig påminnelse om bröstcancern och har en stor inverkan på kvinnornas sexuella hälsa och liv. Kvinnornas känsla av att vara annorlunda och att inte passa in i samhället skapar utanförskap och isolering. Behovet av att få stöd och dela sina erfarenheter med andra drabbade är stort och ställer krav på sjukvården. Kvinnorna uttrycker en stor brist på information och stödjande samtal inom sexuell hälsa. Detta resulterar i att de känner sig förvirrade över symtomen som uppstår i samband med behandlingarna. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan blir medveten om vikten av att lyfta ämnet om sexuell hälsa för att minska lidandet hos de drabbade kvinnorna. Kontaktsjuksköterskans roll är att stötta och stärka patienten och få denne delaktig i sin egen vård. Syftet med studien är att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av sexuell hälsa i relation till bröstcancerbehandling. I resultatet framkommer det att behandlingarna har stor påverkan på den intima relationen då smärta, minskad lust och känslan av att inte känna sig hel påverkar kvinnornas vardag. I studien framkommer det att bröstrekonstruktion kan vara ett sätt att få tillbaka en del av sin kvinnlighet och få kvinnan att känna sig normal igen.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil refleksi pelaksanaan pembelajaran 20 orang mahasiswa pada praktik mengajar bahasa Inggris dijenjang SD. Data penelitian ini diambil dari hasil laporan individu mahasiswa yang berisi refleksi mereka ketika melaksanakan praktik mengajar. Terdapat enam aspek pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang direfleksikan mahasiswa. Pertama, mahasiswa membuka pembelajaran dikelas dengan brainstorming. Kedua, siswa belum banyak mengenal kosakata bahasa Inggris sebagai materi utama pembelajaran. Ketiga, media pembelajaran yang menggunakan LCD sangat membantu dalam penyampaian materi pembelajaran. Keempat, siswa lebih rileks bila belajar dengan menggunakan permainan yang melibatkan gerak anggota tubuh. Kelima, kondisi kelas yang gaduh, alokasi waktu pembelajaran yang belum efisien, komunikasi dan instruksi antara guru dan siswa yang belum maksimal, kesulitan siswa yang utama pada pelafalan bahasa Inggris, serta terbatasnya sumber belajar siswa. Aspek refleksi terakhir adalah mahasiswa menutup pembelajaran dengan memberikan penguatan akan materi yang telah diajarkan.

The article evaluates the environmental perception about the juvenile releases of Lutjanus guttatus as an education and awareness tool for the conservation of the marine resources of the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. A total of 102,000 juveniles were released with the active participation of artisanal fishermen, students, parents and educators. The perception of 310 participants about the environmental effect of the release days was determined. It was concluded the fishermen had the greatest knowledge on the topic and most of them pointed out that this initiative may help increase awareness on the reduction of overfishing. 80.1% of parents considered that this type of activity increases the environmental awareness of the participants towards the protection of marine resources. The answers regarding the relationship between the release activities and the increase of income among fishermen not were consisten. However, teachers and interviewees between 11-19 years old revealed the lowest degree of knowledge on these environmental activities. It is considered that releases of marine fish that include the active participation of the population raise awareness on the conservation of marine coastal resources., La percepción ambiental como herramienta de educación y sensibilización a la conservación de los recursos marinos, fue implementada en la liberación de 102.000 juveniles de Lutjanus guttatus con la participación activa de pescadores artesanales, estudiantes, padres de familia y educadores en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Se determinó la percepción sobre el efecto ambiental de las jornadas de liberación en 310 participantes. Se encontró que fueron los pescadores quienes presentaron el mayor conocimiento sobre este tipo de actividades y además de considerar en su mayoría, que las jornadas podrían aumentar la sensibilización hacia la disminución de la sobrepesca. El 80,1% de los padres de familia afirmaron que este tipo de actividades aumenta la conciencia ambiental de los participantes hacia la protección de los recursos marinos. Las respuestas con respecto a la relación entre las actividades de liberación y el aumento de los ingresos entre los pescadores no fueron consistentes, sin embargo, entre educadores y entrevistados entre 11-19 años presentaron el menor grado de conocimiento acerca de estas actividades ambientales. Se considera que liberaciones de peces marinos que incluyen la participación activa de la población, educa y sensibiliza para la conservación de los recursos marino-costeros.

Changes in the floristic composition in flooded savannas in Arauca (Arauca, Colombia) were described and correlated with annual rain patterns. We surveyed the vegetation to determine species richness, relative abundances and the Importance Value Index (IVI) using eleven-point line transects and eleven 1 m2 plots every two months for a year. 110 species were recorded, and there was a positive correlation between the monthly precipitation and the abundance of individuals in the vegetation community. The higher values of species richness (96) occurred during the wet season compared to the dry season species richness (57). Also, the wet season rank abundance curve had higher evenness compared to the dry season curve. Species that were dominant during the dry season included Hydrolea spinosa, Melochia spicata, Peltaea sessiliflora, Cyperus luzulae, Acroceras zizanioides, and Andropogon bicornis. 53 species were exclusive to the wet season and fourteen to the dry season. This study shows the high botanic biodiversity that can be found in the Orinoco savannas., Mediante censos se documentó el recambio en la composición florística asociado al régimen de lluvias en comunidades de las sabanas de Arauca (Arauca, Colombia). Además, se cuantificó la abundancia relativa y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de las especies en eventos de muestreo bimestrales a lo largo de un año. Se usaron transectos lineales con once puntos y once cuadrantes de 1 m2. Se registraron 110 especies y se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre la precipitación mensual y la abundancia de individuos, acompañada de un aumento del 85,7 % en la riqueza de especies en los meses de lluvias. Debido al mayor número de especies (96) la equitatividad de la comunidad fue mayor en el periodo de lluvias en tanto que, de las 57 especies de la época de sequía hubo dominancia de especies como Hydrolea spinosa, Melochia spicata, Peltaea sessiliflora, Cyperus luzulae, Acroceras zizanioides y Andropogon bicornis. El periodo de lluvias tuvo 53 especies exclusivas mientras que catorce lo fueron durante el periodo seco. Este estudio resalta la alta diversidad botánica que existe en las sabanas de la Orinoquia.

Teachers involved and engaged in research and utilize research evidence as the basis for instructional and pedagogical choices are leading to having desirable effects on both the teaching and learning process. The Division of Iligan City has already initiated endeavors to strengthen the research culture of the teachers. However, the number of teachers conducting teacher research is still minimal despite efforts exerted by the Division Office. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the factors and reasons why teachers are having difficulty in doing research. This study employed a descriptive research design. It used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study utilized a researcher-made questionnaire, and the researcher validated the questionnaire. Five (5) experts in the field of educational research were asked to validate the questionnaire. The tool’s internal reliability statistics obtained Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of 0.942. The survey was made available in Google Forms for easy analysis and low-cost dissemination. The researchers were able to gather responses, 149 respondents. The researchers also strictly observed the ethics of research. Then the researchers analyzed the numerical data using SPSS V 20. The researchers examined the textual responses of the respondents using thematic analysis. Quantitative results revealed that teachers consider insufficiency of time to do research, no funding, too many responsibilities at school, the tedious and rigorous process in the proposal, no mentor in conducting research, and poor knowledge in analyzing qualitative and quantitative data as primary barriers to research. Teachers research activity is also hindered by no knowledge on how to make a publishable paper, very large class size in the classroom, no access to research journals, no or poor internet in the school and poor support from the management. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data also revealed the critical needs of the teachers i

Introduction: nodular thyroid diseases are relatively frequent, the majority being susceptible to surgical management. Objective: to characterize clinically and surgically the patients operated on nodular thyroid diseases. Method: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study that was carried out at Dr. Saturnino Lora Torres Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba between 2015 and 2017, the target group was comprised of 150 patients surgically treated due to a thyroid nodule. The information was obtained from the medical records. Medical ethical principles were met. Results: female sex predominated (90 %) and patients between 46 and 60 years old (41,3 %). 80,7 % increased the volume of neck, followed by symptoms of thyroid hypo-function (13,3 %) and dysphagia (12,7 %), as the most frequent clinical manifestations. The preoperative evolution time of 80 patients was greater than one year along with nodular goiter (43,3 %), and cancer (33,3 %) were the most frequent diagnoses, while only 16 % of patients presented thyroid cancer, observing a concordance between the imaging and pathological diagnosis, being hemithyroidectomy (72,7 %) the main surgical technique used, and short-term dysphonia the main postoperative complication (4,0 %). Conclusions: nodular thyroid diseases are more frequent in females and between the third and sixth decades of life, resulting in prolonged evolution and there is a low concordance between diagnostic tests. There were few complications in the series studied., Introducción: las enfermedades nodulares tiroideas son relativamente frecuentes, siendo la mayor parte susceptibles de manejo quirúrgico.Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y quirúrgicamente a pacientes operados de enfermedades nodulares de la tiroides.Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal efectuado en el Hospital Provincial “Dr. Saturnino Lora Torres” de Santiago de Cuba entre 2015 y 2017, se trabajó con un universo de 150 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente a causa de nódulo de tiroides. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas. Se respetaron los principios éticos.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (90 %) y los pacientes con edades entre 46 y 60 años (41,3 %). El 80,7 % presentaron aumento del volumen en el cuello, seguido de los síntomas de hipofunción tiroidea (13,3 %) y la disfagia (12,7 %) como manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes. Fue mayor de un año el tiempo de evolución preoperatorio de 80 pacientes y el bocio nodular (43,3 %) y cáncer (33,3 %) resultaron ser los diagnósticos más frecuentes, mientras solamente en el 16% de los pacientes con cáncer de tiroides existió concordancia entre el diagnóstico imagenológico y anatomopatológico, siendo la hemitiroidectomía (72,7 %) la principal técnica quirúrgica empleada, y la disfonía transitoria la principal complicación posquirúrgica (4,0 %).Conclusiones: las enfermedades nodulares de la tiroides son más frecuentes en el sexo femenino y entre la tercera y sexta décadas de la vida, resultando prolongado su tiempo de evolución y existiendo baja concordancia entre las pruebas diagnósticas. Se evidenciaron pocas complicaciones en la serie estudiada.

The current study aims to find the pattern of relationship and establish factorial validity among predictors of teacher research engagement. This study employed a descriptive- correlational research design. A validated researcher-made Teacher Research Engagement Survey with three subscales was used to gather data from 612 public school teachers. The researcher then computed descriptive statistics and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the hypothesized measurement model and a modified measurement model. The analysis revealed that teachers have high physical research engagement with (x̄=3.1149, SD=0.85429), high cognitive research engagement with (x̄=3.7145, SD=0.9505) and fair emotional research engagement with (x̄=3.4513, SD=0.8463). The correlation matrix presents that there is a strong positive highly significant relationship between physical research engagement and cognitive research engagement(r=0.632, p>0.05), physical research engagement and emotional research engagement (r=0.705, p>0.05), and cognitive research engagement and emotional research engagement (r=0.830, p>0.05).  The modified measurement model of teacher research engagement obtained acceptable and better model fit indices of CMIN/DF=3.939, CFI = 0.972, SRMR = 0.054, RMSEA = 0.069, NNFI/TLI = 0.955, GFI) = 0.945 and PClose = 0.000. This study concludes that teachers have high physical research engagement, and high cognitive research engagement, and fair emotional research engagement. There is a significant relationship among physical research engagement, cognitive research engagement, and emotional research engagement subscales.  In the confirmatory factor analysis, the modified model was able to obtain a better model fit indices, factor loadings, and covariance.

Students with disabilities are significant members of the American population; consequently, provisions for their inclusion in the learning community as outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are relevant. The purpose of the study was to track disability trends in due process cases from 2008-2018 in Missouri for students in public schools from grades K-12. The researcher undertook a descriptive content analysis of archived data from the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Descriptive data collected for each case included the date of the case, the district case number, the age, gender, grade level, disability, and brief comment on the case petition and decision. The research involved charting, with Microsoft Word and Excel, the applicable federally-recognized disability diagnosed for each petitioner along with the demographics and other research elements. The categories of federally-approved disabilities were autism, deaf-blindness, deaf, emotional disturbance, hearing impaired, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, specific learning disability, speech and language impairment, traumatic brain injury, and visual impairment. Pragmatism was the guiding concept for the trend analysis. Frequency tables and line charts indicated that autism was the fastest growing disability complaint category followed by emotional disability. Other health impairment was third in the number of cases filed followed by the multiple disabilities category. Additionally, parents and guardians filed more complaints on behalf of male students. The complaints originated from issues at the high school level more so than at the middle or elementary levels.

Research on solving mathematical word problems suggests that students may perform better on problems with a close to real-life representation of the problem situation than on word problems. In this study we pursued real-life representation by a mainly depictive representation of the problem situation, mostly by photographs. The prediction that students perform better on problems with a depictive representation of the problem situation than on comparable word problems was tested in a randomised controlled trial with 31,842 students, aged 10–20 years, from primary and secondary education. The conclusion was that students scored significantly higher on problems with a depictive representation of the problem situation, but with a very small effect size of Cohen's d = 0.09. The results of this research are likely to be relevant for evaluations of mathematics education where word problems are used to evaluate the mathematical capacity of students.

Research on solving mathematical word problems suggests that students may perform better on problems with a close to real-life representation of the problem situation than on word problems. In this study we pursued real-life representation by a mainly depictive representation of the problem situation, mostly by photographs. The prediction that students perform better on problems with a depictive representation of the problem situation than on comparable word problems was tested in a randomised controlled trial with 31,842 students, aged 10–20 years, from primary and secondary education. The conclusion was that students scored significantly higher on problems with a depictive representation of the problem situation, but with a very small effect size of Cohen's d = 0.09. The results of this research are likely to be relevant for evaluations of mathematics education where word problems are used to evaluate the mathematical capacity of students.

This study aims to determine the description of a sense of community in the administrative employees at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Subjects in this study were employees of the administration in UMSIDA, amounting to 51 person, with the technique of determining the sample using saturated sampling. The data collection tool uses a sense of community scale by adapting 24 items of Sense of Community Index Version Two (SCI-2) which refers to the sense of community theory proposed by McMillan and Chavis. Data analysis techniques in this study using descriptive statistical techniques. The results of data analysis show that the sense of community in the administrative staff at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo generally are in the medium category. Whereas if viewed from the existing dimensions, shared emotional connection dimension get the highest score compared with other dimensions.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de kännetecken som kan betraktas ingå i akademiskt svenskt teckenspråk och som i sin tur kan bidra till att studenter kan författa sina uppsatser på akademiskt svenskt teckenspråk. Inspelat material från föreläsningar, gjorda av fyra döva akademiker och från teckenspråkskorpus, där två av de döva akademikerna även medverkande och några slumpmässigt valda informanter, undersöktes. Resultatet från akademiskt svenskt teckenspråk jämfördes med kännetecken som identifierats för amerikanskt akademiskt teckenspråk. Det behövs mer kunskap och forskning om ämnet., The purpose is to investigate the characteristics that may be considered in academic Swedish Sign Language and which in turn will help a larger number of students produce their essays in academic Swedish Sign Language. Recorded material from lectures, made by four deaf graduates and from the Sign Language corpus, where two deaf academics were also involved, and some randomly chosen in-formants, were investigated. The results from the academic Swedish Sign Language were compared to the characteristics that identify with the academic American Sign Language. There need to be more knowledge and research on this subject.