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The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

The combined e ect of farm management practices, transport time, and ageing time on the electrophoretic changes of sarcoplasmic (SPP) and myofibrillar (MFP) protein fractions of goat kids was studied. A total of 64 suckling goat kids were withdrawn from two farms with “high” (GW) and “low” (DW) welfare-friendly management practices, and they were transported for 2 or 6 h immediately before slaughtering. Longissimus lumborum samples were obtained at 3, 8, and 21 days post-mortem, and muscle proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Both protein extracts displayed significant changes attributable to meat maturation. Managing conditions of kids in DW farms increased the post-mortem susceptibility of muscle proteins. Some MFP of Longissimus lumborum muscle, such as troponin T, as well as 26–30 and 35–37 kDa fractions were influenced significantly by deficient on-farm management, and therefore, these protein fragments might be considered as indicators of low-welfare on-farm management in goat kids.

There is a scarcity of information on antibiotic resistance in goats. To understand shedding of resistant Escherichia coli in pastured goats, we collected fecal samples from a mixed age cohort over a one-year period. No antibiotic had been used on the study animals one year prior to and during the study period. Resistant isolates were detected in all age groups and prevalence in goat kids was significantly higher than adults; 43–48% vs 8–25% respectively. The proportion of resistant isolates was higher when animals were congregated near handling facility than on pasture. Most isolates were resistant to tetracycline (51%) and streptomycin (30%), but also to antibiotics that had never been used on the farm; ampicillin (19%). TetB, bla-TEM, (aadA and strpA/strpB) genes were detected in 70%, 43%, (44% and 24%) of tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin resistant isolates respectively. Resistant isolates also harbored virulent genes and some belonged to D and B2 phylogenetic groups. Thus, pastured goats, despite minimal exposure to antibiotics, are reservoirs of resistant E. coli that may contaminate the environment and food chain and spread resistant genes to pathogenic bacteria and some that are potential animal and human pathogens. Environmental sources may play a role in acquisition of resistant bacteria in pastured goats.

There is a scarcity of information on antibiotic resistance in goats. To understand shedding of resistant Escherichia coli in pastured goats, we collected fecal samples from a mixed age cohort over a one-year period. No antibiotic had been used on the study animals one year prior to and during the study period. Resistant isolates were detected in all age groups and prevalence in goat kids was significantly higher than adults; 43–48% vs 8–25% respectively. The proportion of resistant isolates was higher when animals were congregated near handling facility than on pasture. Most isolates were resistant to tetracycline (51%) and streptomycin (30%), but also to antibiotics that had never been used on the farm; ampicillin (19%). TetB, bla-TEM, (aadA and strpA/strpB) genes were detected in 70%, 43%, (44% and 24%) of tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin resistant isolates respectively. Resistant isolates also harbored virulent genes and some belonged to D and B2 phylogenetic groups. Thus, pastured goats, despite minimal exposure to antibiotics, are reservoirs of resistant E. coli that may contaminate the environment and food chain and spread resistant genes to pathogenic bacteria and some that are potential animal and human pathogens. Environmental sources may play a role in acquisition of resistant bacteria in pastured goats.

[EN] This study is about the effect of crossing Murciano-Granadina (MG) and Boer (BO) breeds on the tissue composition of goat kids, in both male and female. 48 goat kids were used, 24 pure MG kids (12♂ and 12♀) and other 24 resulting from the crossbreeding BM (12♂ and 12♀). The goat kids were fed by artificial rearing and slaughtered with an approximated live weight of 9 kg. After the quartering of the left half carcass, the shoulder was vacuum packaged and frozen until its later tissue dissection. It was proved that the crossbreeding between MG and B didn’t change males’ tissue composition and reduced the females’ bone content, improving the meat/bone ratio of the carcass., [ES] En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del cruzamiento de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG) con la raza Boer (B) sobre la composición tisular de los cabritos lechales, tanto en machos como en hembras. Para ello se utilizaron 48 cabritos, de los cuales 24 eran de raza MG (12♂ y 12♀) y otros 24 resultantes del cruce BM (12♂ y 12 ♀). Los cabritos fueron alimentados en lactancia artificial y sacrificados con un peso vivo aproximado de 9 kg. Tras el despiece de la media canal izquierda, la espalda fue envasada al vacío y congelada hasta su disección tisular posterior. Se comprobó que el cruzamiento de la raza MG con la raza B, no alteró la composición tisular en los machos y redujo el contenido en hueso de las hembras, mejorando con ello la proporción de carne/hueso en la canal.

[EN] This study is about the effect of crossing Murciano-Granadina (MG) and Boer (BO) breeds on the tissue composition of goat kids, in both male and female. 48 goat kids were used, 24 pure MG kids (12♂ and 12♀) and other 24 resulting from the crossbreeding BM (12♂ and 12♀). The goat kids were fed by artificial rearing and slaughtered with an approximated live weight of 9 kg. After the quartering of the left half carcass, the shoulder was vacuum packaged and frozen until its later tissue dissection. It was proved that the crossbreeding between MG and B didn’t change males’ tissue composition and reduced the females’ bone content, improving the meat/bone ratio of the carcass., [ES] En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del cruzamiento de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG) con la raza Boer (B) sobre la composición tisular de los cabritos lechales, tanto en machos como en hembras. Para ello se utilizaron 48 cabritos, de los cuales 24 eran de raza MG (12♂ y 12♀) y otros 24 resultantes del cruce BM (12♂ y 12 ♀). Los cabritos fueron alimentados en lactancia artificial y sacrificados con un peso vivo aproximado de 9 kg. Tras el despiece de la media canal izquierda, la espalda fue envasada al vacío y congelada hasta su disección tisular posterior. Se comprobó que el cruzamiento de la raza MG con la raza B, no alteró la composición tisular en los machos y redujo el contenido en hueso de las hembras, mejorando con ello la proporción de carne/hueso en la canal.

[EN] This study is about the effect of crossing Murciano-Granadina (MG) and Boer (BO) breeds on the tissue composition of goat kids, in both male and female. 48 goat kids were used, 24 pure MG kids (12♂ and 12♀) and other 24 resulting from the crossbreeding BM (12♂ and 12♀). The goat kids were fed by artificial rearing and slaughtered with an approximated live weight of 9 kg. After the quartering of the left half carcass, the shoulder was vacuum packaged and frozen until its later tissue dissection. It was proved that the crossbreeding between MG and B didn’t change males’ tissue composition and reduced the females’ bone content, improving the meat/bone ratio of the carcass., [ES] En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del cruzamiento de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG) con la raza Boer (B) sobre la composición tisular de los cabritos lechales, tanto en machos como en hembras. Para ello se utilizaron 48 cabritos, de los cuales 24 eran de raza MG (12♂ y 12♀) y otros 24 resultantes del cruce BM (12♂ y 12 ♀). Los cabritos fueron alimentados en lactancia artificial y sacrificados con un peso vivo aproximado de 9 kg. Tras el despiece de la media canal izquierda, la espalda fue envasada al vacío y congelada hasta su disección tisular posterior. Se comprobó que el cruzamiento de la raza MG con la raza B, no alteró la composición tisular en los machos y redujo el contenido en hueso de las hembras, mejorando con ello la proporción de carne/hueso en la canal.

[EN] This study is about the effect of crossing Murciano-Granadina (MG) and Boer (BO) breeds on the tissue composition of goat kids, in both male and female. 48 goat kids were used, 24 pure MG kids (12♂ and 12♀) and other 24 resulting from the crossbreeding BM (12♂ and 12♀). The goat kids were fed by artificial rearing and slaughtered with an approximated live weight of 9 kg. After the quartering of the left half carcass, the shoulder was vacuum packaged and frozen until its later tissue dissection. It was proved that the crossbreeding between MG and B didn’t change males’ tissue composition and reduced the females’ bone content, improving the meat/bone ratio of the carcass., [ES] En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del cruzamiento de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG) con la raza Boer (B) sobre la composición tisular de los cabritos lechales, tanto en machos como en hembras. Para ello se utilizaron 48 cabritos, de los cuales 24 eran de raza MG (12♂ y 12♀) y otros 24 resultantes del cruce BM (12♂ y 12 ♀). Los cabritos fueron alimentados en lactancia artificial y sacrificados con un peso vivo aproximado de 9 kg. Tras el despiece de la media canal izquierda, la espalda fue envasada al vacío y congelada hasta su disección tisular posterior. Se comprobó que el cruzamiento de la raza MG con la raza B, no alteró la composición tisular en los machos y redujo el contenido en hueso de las hembras, mejorando con ello la proporción de carne/hueso en la canal.

Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a Lancefield group C beta-hemolytic streptococcus. S. zooepidemicus is commonly found colonizing the mucous membranes of healthy equids. The specific name „zooepidemicus‟ derives from its wide host range. Mastitis in cattle and goats; pneumonia, septicemia, and wound infections in lambs and dogs; septicemia in chickens and dolphins; and lymphadenitis in guinea pigs are examples of its widely ranging pathogenicity. Infections of humans with S. zooepidemicus are associated with consumption of unpasteurized cow and goat milk products, as well as with close contacts with horses. In this paper we describe a case of polyarthritis in Alpine kids caused by S. zooepidemicus. Four Alpine kids (one month old) were submitted for necropsy in order to reveal cause of death. After necropsy, altered tissues and milk samples originated from two goats from the same farm were processed with standard bacteriological methods and with polymerase chain reaction in order to detect Mycoplasma spp. DNA. From owner, we got informations that kids several days before death developed joint swelling, apathy, inappetence and inability to move. Kids were held together with other goats, sheep and lambs, horses and llamas. There were no clinical signs of illnes in other animals on the farm. At external examination of carcasses edema of periarticular tissue was seen. Discrete hyperemia and crust were seen on ears around ear tag. Necropsy revealed severe fibrinous polyarthritis in all examined kids. There were no pathomorphological alterations on other organs. Affected were shoulder, knee and hip joint. Sheets of white to yellow fibrin partially or completely cover the articular surfaces. From all joints S. zooepidemicus were isolated while milk samples were negative. No Mycoplasma spp. DNA was detected neither from milk or joints. Although S. zooepidemicus induces wide range of pathological conditions in different animal species, as far

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

The importance of organic livestock production is increasing in Spain and especially in Andalucía, but nevertheless still exist reduced number of studies about the quality of these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system (conventional vs organic) on the fatty acid profile (with special reference on the conjugated linoleic acids, CLA) in the meat of Payoya goat kids. Twenty-four male kids (12 from a farm with conventional system and 12 from a farm with organic system) were used. The farms were located in the Sierra Norte of Cádiz (Andalucía, Southern Spain) and were fed in a grazing-based management, ranging mainly between semi-extensive and semi-intensive systems. Kids in both groups were born from twin births. They were raised with natural milk and slaughtered at same average live weight (8.4±0.31 kg). After 24 hours of chilling, carcasses were splitted along the dorsal midline and Longissimus thoracis muscle was obtained, packed to the emptiness and preserved at -20ºC up to analysis. There were no significant differences in a high number of the studied fatty acids according to production system, except for C14:0, C18:1, C20:0, C21:0, and C22:5n3 (with higher percentage in organic kids, P<0.05) and of C15:1 and C18:0 (higher percentage in conventional kids, P<0.01). In relation to calculated indexes, organic kids have showed highest values in the ∆ 9C18 desaturase activity index and in atherogenicity index (P<0.05). In conclusion, no significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of meat from kids raising in organic and conventional systems., L’importance de l’élevage biologique est de plus en plus importante en Espagne et surtout en Andalousie, mais il existe un nombre réduit d’études sur la qualité des produits obtenus dans ce système et encore moins réalisées sur des races autochtones de chèvre comme la Payoya. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du système d´élevage (biologique vs traditionnel) sur le profil des acides gras (avec une référence particulière aux acides linoléiques conjugués, CLA) de la viande des chevreaux de race Payoya. Vingt-quatre chevreaux mâles (12 animaux par système d’élevage) ont été utilisés. Les fermes se trouvaient dans la Sierra Norte de Cádiz (Andalousie, sud de l’Espagne) et l’alimentation provenait principalement de pâturages, entre semi-extensifs et semi-intensifs. Tous les chevreaux sont nés de mises bas gémellaires. Ils ont été élevés avec du lait et abattus à poids vif moyen de 8,4 ± 0,31 kg. Après 24 heures de refroidissement, les carcasses ont été découpées le long de la ligne médiane dorsale et le muscle Longissimus thoracis a été prélevé, emballé sous vide et conservé à -20 ºC jusqu’à l’analyse. Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives sur la plupart des acides gras étudiés en fonction du système de production, à l’exception du C14: 0, C18: 1, C20: 0, C21: 0 et C22: 5n3 (avec un pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux biologiques, P <0,05) et du C15: 1 et C18: 0 (pourcentage plus élevé chez les chevreaux du système traditionnel, P<0,01). En ce qui concerne le calcul des différents index, les chevreaux biologiques ont présenté des valeurs plus élevées de l’index d’activité de ∆ 9C18 désaturase et de l’index d’atherogénicité (P<0,05). En conclusion, aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans la composition en acides gras de la viande provenant des chevreaux élevés dans les systèmes biologiques et conventionnels

Con el objetivo de evaluar la cinética ruminal y el crecimiento de cabritos suplementados con un probiótico de bacterias ácido-lácticas, se asignaron 86 animales Alpinos en un experimento durante 120 días. En el tratamiento uno (T1) 43 cabritos recibieron una dieta constituida por 50% de heno de alfalfa, 40% de concentrado comercial y 10% de alimento nitrogenado de lento consumo (DI). Los animales del tratamiento dos (T2) recibieron DI rociada diariamente con 50 mL de probiótico (BAL) por kilogramo de MS. Se determinó la desaparición de MS in situ, el consumo voluntario de MS, la degradación de la fibra, la concentración de NH3 y AGV, la digestibilidad in vivo, el pH ruminal, los derivados de purinas y la ganancia de peso. La ganancia de peso diaria fue de 129 y 169 g para T1 y T2, respectivamente (P<0,05). El NH3 y la digestibilidad del N y de la fibra fueron mayores para T2 (P<0,05). El tiempo medio de desaparición de la hemicelulosa fue mayor (P<0,05) en T2. Los conteos totales BAL fueron 1,6 y 2,5 millones de ufc/mL en T1 los días 1 y 7. Los cabritos del T2 presentaron 2,4 y 12,5 millones de ufc/mL. Se concluye que la adición de BAL a la dieta para cabritos en crecimiento puede incrementar la ganancia de peso vivo, así como se producen cambios favorables en la digestibilidad, la proteína microbiana y la cinética ruminal., With the objective of evaluating the ruminal kinetics and growth of kids supplemented with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotic, 86 Alpine animals were assigned to a trial for 120 days. In treatment 1 (T1), 43 kids received a diet constituted by 50% alfalfa hay, 40% commercial concentrate and 10% slow intake nitrogen feed (ID). The animals in treatment two (T2) received ID daily sprayed with 50 mL probiotic (LAB) per kilogram of DM. In situ DM disappearance, voluntary DM intake, fiber degradation, NH3 and VFA concentration, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, purine derivatives and weight gain were determined. The daily weight gain was 129 and 169 g for T1 and T2, respectively (P<0,05). NH3 and N and fiber digestibility were higher for T2 (P<0,05). The half-time disappearance of hemicellulose was higher (P<0,05) for T2. The total LAB counts were 1,6 and 2,5 million fcu/mL in T1 on days 1 and 7. The kids in T2 showed 2,4 and 12,5 million fcu/mL. It is concluded that the addition of LAB to the diet for growing kids can increase live weight gain, as well as produce favorable changes in digestibility, microbial protein and ruminal kinetics.

Die Anwendbarkeit der Verdünnungsmethode mit Hilfe des Markers Deuteriumoxid (D2O) zur in vivo-Erfassung der sich ändernden Körperzusammensetzung wurde an 53 Ziegenlämmern der Rasse Bunte Deutsche Edelziege im Gewichtsabschnitt von 4 kg bis 20 kg LM überprüft. Bei einer Lebendmasse von 4, 8, 12, 16 bzw. 20 kg wurde den Tieren nach einer 13- bis 18stündigen Nüchterung D2O injiziert und nach weiteren vier bis fünf Stunden Blutproben gezogen. Bei jeweils einem Teil der Tiere erfolgte anschließend die Schlachtung und die chemische Analyse der Körper zur Bestimmung des Ganzkörperwassergehaltes, der Chymusmasse und der Leerkörperzusammensetzung. Die Messungen der D2O-Konzentrationen in den Blutproben und die chemische Analyse der Ganzkörper ergaben eine Überschätzung des Ganzkörperwassergehaltes durch die Verdünnungsmethode um im Mittel 3,99 %. Zwischen dem chemisch bestimmten und dem geschätzten Wert besteht eine enge lineare Beziehung. Die Schätzung des Inhaltes des Gastro-Intestinaltraktes (Chymus) dient zur Schätzung der Leerkörpermasse. Dessen Variabilität lässt sich im Wesentlichen durch die Lebendmasse erklären. Die chemische Analyse der Tierkörper zeigte, dass die Zusammensetzung des fettfreien Leerkörpers im hohen Maß von der Leerkörpermasse abhängt. Anhand von allometrischen Regressionsgleichungen wurden die Bestandteile der fettfreien Leerkörpermasse geschätzt und daraus die Zusammensetzung des fetthaltigen Leerkörpers ermittelt. Der Vergleich der mittels chemischer Analyse bestimmten bzw. der Verdünnungsmethode geschätzten Leerkörperzusammensetzung ergab eine hohe Übereinstimmung beim Wasser-, Rohprotein- und Rohaschegehalt. Der Rohfettgehalt wies dagegen größere Abweichungen auf. Als Ursache wurde die Streuung der geschätzten Chymusmasse bzw. Chymuswassermasse aufgedeckt. Das Fazit ist, dass sich die D2O-Verdünnungsmethode zur in vivo-Bestimmung der sich ändernden Körperzusammensetzung von Ziegenlämmern im Gewichtsabschnitt von 4 kg bis 20 kg LM eignet., On young goats (breed Bunte Deutsche Edelziege) with a live weight range of 4 kg up to 20 kg the suitability of the dilution method using the marker deuterated water (D2O) was checked in order to measure the changes of body composition during growth on living animals (in vivo). At a live weight of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg the animals received an intrave¬nous dose of D2O after a fastening time of 13 to 18 hours. Blood samples were taken after a waiting period of 4 to 5 hours. In connection with the last blood sample in each period a part of the animals were slaughtered to determine the total body water content, the digesta mass and the empty body composition by chemical analysis. The determination of the marker concentration in the blood samples and the chemical analysis of the total bodies showed that the dilution method overestimated total body water content by 3,99 %. There is a close linear relationship between the estimated and the chemically determined content of total body water. The estimation of the digesta mass serves for the estimation of the empty body mass. Its variation mainly depends on the live weight. The chemical analysis of the animal bodies revealed that the composition of the fat-free empty body is mainly dependent on the empty body mass. Using allometric equations the components of the fat-free empty body mass were estimated and thus the composition of the empty body could be calculated. The comparison of the chemically determined components with the estimated components of the empty body showed a high agreement concerning the content of water, protein and ash. However estimation of the fat content is less accurate. The reason is the variation of the estimated digesta mass and the digesta water mass. It can be concluded that the dilution technique using deuterated water is a practicable method to determine in vivo the changing body composition of growing kids with a live weight range of 4 kg up to 20 kg.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la cinética ruminal y el crecimiento de cabritos suplementados con un probiótico de bacterias ácido-lácticas, se asignaron 86 animales Alpinos en un experimento durante 120 días. En el tratamiento uno (T1) 43 cabritos recibieron una dieta constituida por 50% de heno de alfalfa, 40% de concentrado comercial y 10% de alimento nitrogenado de lento consumo (DI). Los animales del tratamiento dos (T2) recibieron DI rociada diariamente con 50 mL de probiótico (BAL) por kilogramo de MS. Se determinó la desaparición de MS in situ, el consumo voluntario de MS, la degradación de la fibra, la concentración de NH3 y AGV, la digestibilidad in vivo, el pH ruminal, los derivados de purinas y la ganancia de peso. La ganancia de peso diaria fue de 129 y 169 g para T1 y T2, respectivamente (P<0,05). El NH3 y la digestibilidad del N y de la fibra fueron mayores para T2 (P<0,05). El tiempo medio de desaparición de la hemicelulosa fue mayor (P<0,05) en T2. Los conteos totales BAL fueron 1,6 y 2,5 millones de ufc/mL en T1 los días 1 y 7. Los cabritos del T2 presentaron 2,4 y 12,5 millones de ufc/mL. Se concluye que la adición de BAL a la dieta para cabritos en crecimiento puede incrementar la ganancia de peso vivo, así como se producen cambios favorables en la digestibilidad, la proteína microbiana y la cinética ruminal., With the objective of evaluating the ruminal kinetics and growth of kids supplemented with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotic, 86 Alpine animals were assigned to a trial for 120 days. In treatment 1 (T1), 43 kids received a diet constituted by 50% alfalfa hay, 40% commercial concentrate and 10% slow intake nitrogen feed (ID). The animals in treatment two (T2) received ID daily sprayed with 50 mL probiotic (LAB) per kilogram of DM. In situ DM disappearance, voluntary DM intake, fiber degradation, NH3 and VFA concentration, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, purine derivatives and weight gain were determined. The daily weight gain was 129 and 169 g for T1 and T2, respectively (P<0,05). NH3 and N and fiber digestibility were higher for T2 (P<0,05). The half-time disappearance of hemicellulose was higher (P<0,05) for T2. The total LAB counts were 1,6 and 2,5 million fcu/mL in T1 on days 1 and 7. The kids in T2 showed 2,4 and 12,5 million fcu/mL. It is concluded that the addition of LAB to the diet for growing kids can increase live weight gain, as well as produce favorable changes in digestibility, microbial protein and ruminal kinetics.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la cinética ruminal y el crecimiento de cabritos suplementados con un probiótico de bacterias ácido-lácticas, se asignaron 86 animales Alpinos en un experimento durante 120 días. En el tratamiento uno (T1) 43 cabritos recibieron una dieta constituida por 50% de heno de alfalfa, 40% de concentrado comercial y 10% de alimento nitrogenado de lento consumo (DI). Los animales del tratamiento dos (T2) recibieron DI rociada diariamente con 50 mL de probiótico (BAL) por kilogramo de MS. Se determinó la desaparición de MS in situ, el consumo voluntario de MS, la degradación de la fibra, la concentración de NH3 y AGV, la digestibilidad in vivo, el pH ruminal, los derivados de purinas y la ganancia de peso. La ganancia de peso diaria fue de 129 y 169 g para T1 y T2, respectivamente (P<0,05). El NH3 y la digestibilidad del N y de la fibra fueron mayores para T2 (P<0,05). El tiempo medio de desaparición de la hemicelulosa fue mayor (P<0,05) en T2. Los conteos totales BAL fueron 1,6 y 2,5 millones de ufc/mL en T1 los días 1 y 7. Los cabritos del T2 presentaron 2,4 y 12,5 millones de ufc/mL. Se concluye que la adición de BAL a la dieta para cabritos en crecimiento puede incrementar la ganancia de peso vivo, así como se producen cambios favorables en la digestibilidad, la proteína microbiana y la cinética ruminal., With the objective of evaluating the ruminal kinetics and growth of kids supplemented with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotic, 86 Alpine animals were assigned to a trial for 120 days. In treatment 1 (T1), 43 kids received a diet constituted by 50% alfalfa hay, 40% commercial concentrate and 10% slow intake nitrogen feed (ID). The animals in treatment two (T2) received ID daily sprayed with 50 mL probiotic (LAB) per kilogram of DM. In situ DM disappearance, voluntary DM intake, fiber degradation, NH3 and VFA concentration, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, purine derivatives and weight gain were determined. The daily weight gain was 129 and 169 g for T1 and T2, respectively (P<0,05). NH3 and N and fiber digestibility were higher for T2 (P<0,05). The half-time disappearance of hemicellulose was higher (P<0,05) for T2. The total LAB counts were 1,6 and 2,5 million fcu/mL in T1 on days 1 and 7. The kids in T2 showed 2,4 and 12,5 million fcu/mL. It is concluded that the addition of LAB to the diet for growing kids can increase live weight gain, as well as produce favorable changes in digestibility, microbial protein and ruminal kinetics.

Zweitveröffentlichung, Die Anwendbarkeit der Verdünnungsmethode mit Hilfe des Markers Deuteriumoxid (D2O) zur in vivo-Erfassung der sich ändernden Körperzusammensetzung wurde an 53 Ziegenlämmern der Rasse Bunte Deutsche Edelziege im Gewichtsabschnitt von 4 kg bis 20 kg LM überprüft. Bei einer Lebendmasse von 4, 8, 12, 16 bzw. 20 kg wurde den Tieren nach einer 13- bis 18stündigen Nüchterung D2O injiziert und nach weiteren vier bis fünf Stunden Blutproben gezogen. Bei jeweils einem Teil der Tiere erfolgte anschließend die Schlachtung und die chemische Analyse der Körper zur Bestimmung des Ganzkörperwassergehaltes, der Chymusmasse und der Leerkörperzusammensetzung. Die Messungen der D2O-Konzentrationen in den Blutproben und die chemische Analyse der Ganzkörper ergaben eine Überschätzung des Ganzkörperwassergehaltes durch die Verdünnungsmethode um im Mittel 3,99 %. Zwischen dem chemisch bestimmten und dem geschätzten Wert besteht eine enge lineare Beziehung. Die Schätzung des Inhaltes des Gastro-Intestinaltraktes (Chymus) dient zur Schätzung der Leerkörpermasse. Dessen Variabilität lässt sich im Wesentlichen durch die Lebendmasse erklären. Die chemische Analyse der Tierkörper zeigte, dass die Zusammensetzung des fettfreien Leerkörpers im hohen Maß von der Leerkörpermasse abhängt. Anhand von allometrischen Regressionsgleichungen wurden die Bestandteile der fettfreien Leerkörpermasse geschätzt und daraus die Zusammensetzung des fetthaltigen Leerkörpers ermittelt. Der Vergleich der mittels chemischer Analyse bestimmten bzw. der Verdünnungsmethode geschätzten Leerkörperzusammensetzung ergab eine hohe Übereinstimmung beim Wasser-, Rohprotein- und Rohaschegehalt. Der Rohfettgehalt wies dagegen größere Abweichungen auf. Als Ursache wurde die Streuung der geschätzten Chymusmasse bzw. Chymuswassermasse aufgedeckt. Das Fazit ist, dass sich die D2O-Verdünnungsmethode zur in vivo-Bestimmung der sich ändernden Körperzusammensetzung von Ziegenlämmern im Gewichtsabschnitt von 4 kg bis 20 kg LM eignet., On young goats (breed Bunte Deutsche Edelziege) with a live weight range of 4 kg up to 20 kg the suitability of the dilution method using the marker deuterated water (D2O) was checked in order to measure the changes of body composition during growth on living animals (in vivo). At a live weight of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg the animals received an intrave¬nous dose of D2O after a fastening time of 13 to 18 hours. Blood samples were taken after a waiting period of 4 to 5 hours. In connection with the last blood sample in each period a part of the animals were slaughtered to determine the total body water content, the digesta mass and the empty body composition by chemical analysis. The determination of the marker concentration in the blood samples and the chemical analysis of the total bodies showed that the dilution method overestimated total body water content by 3,99 %. There is a close linear relationship between the estimated and the chemically determined content of total body water. The estimation of the digesta mass serves for the estimation of the empty body mass. Its variation mainly depends on the live weight. The chemical analysis of the animal bodies revealed that the composition of the fat-free empty body is mainly dependent on the empty body mass. Using allometric equations the components of the fat-free empty body mass were estimated and thus the composition of the empty body could be calculated. The comparison of the chemically determined components with the estimated components of the empty body showed a high agreement concerning the content of water, protein and ash. However estimation of the fat content is less accurate. The reason is the variation of the estimated digesta mass and the digesta water mass. It can be concluded that the dilution technique using deuterated water is a practicable method to determine in vivo the changing body composition of growing kids with a live weight range of 4 kg up to 20 kg.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la cinética ruminal y el crecimiento de cabritos suplementados con un probiótico de bacterias ácido-lácticas, se asignaron 86 animales Alpinos en un experimento durante 120 días. En el tratamiento uno (T1) 43 cabritos recibieron una dieta constituida por 50% de heno de alfalfa, 40% de concentrado comercial y 10% de alimento nitrogenado de lento consumo (DI). Los animales del tratamiento dos (T2) recibieron DI rociada diariamente con 50 mL de probiótico (BAL) por kilogramo de MS. Se determinó la desaparición de MS in situ, el consumo voluntario de MS, la degradación de la fibra, la concentración de NH3 y AGV, la digestibilidad in vivo, el pH ruminal, los derivados de purinas y la ganancia de peso. La ganancia de peso diaria fue de 129 y 169 g para T1 y T2, respectivamente (P<0,05). El NH3 y la digestibilidad del N y de la fibra fueron mayores para T2 (P<0,05). El tiempo medio de desaparición de la hemicelulosa fue mayor (P<0,05) en T2. Los conteos totales BAL fueron 1,6 y 2,5 millones de ufc/mL en T1 los días 1 y 7. Los cabritos del T2 presentaron 2,4 y 12,5 millones de ufc/mL. Se concluye que la adición de BAL a la dieta para cabritos en crecimiento puede incrementar la ganancia de peso vivo, así como se producen cambios favorables en la digestibilidad, la proteína microbiana y la cinética ruminal., With the objective of evaluating the ruminal kinetics and growth of kids supplemented with a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotic, 86 Alpine animals were assigned to a trial for 120 days. In treatment 1 (T1), 43 kids received a diet constituted by 50% alfalfa hay, 40% commercial concentrate and 10% slow intake nitrogen feed (ID). The animals in treatment two (T2) received ID daily sprayed with 50 mL probiotic (LAB) per kilogram of DM. In situ DM disappearance, voluntary DM intake, fiber degradation, NH3 and VFA concentration, in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, purine derivatives and weight gain were determined. The daily weight gain was 129 and 169 g for T1 and T2, respectively (P<0,05). NH3 and N and fiber digestibility were higher for T2 (P<0,05). The half-time disappearance of hemicellulose was higher (P<0,05) for T2. The total LAB counts were 1,6 and 2,5 million fcu/mL in T1 on days 1 and 7. The kids in T2 showed 2,4 and 12,5 million fcu/mL. It is concluded that the addition of LAB to the diet for growing kids can increase live weight gain, as well as produce favorable changes in digestibility, microbial protein and ruminal kinetics.

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among lambs and goat kids in Serbia was examined. The animals were grouped according to age, i.e., up to 30 days and from 31 to 90 days. The infection was diagnosed using three coprological procedures. Sheather’s sugar flotation was employed to determine the concentration of oocysts. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique and modified Kinyoun technique were used as staining procedures. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 42.1% examined lambs and 31.8% goat kids. These findings clearly demonstrate the presence of Cryptospodium infection in lambs and goat kids in Serbia and indicate the potential role of these animals as reservoirs of cryptosporidia., U ovom radu su izneti rezultati Ispitivanja raširenosti Cryptosporidium infekcije kod jagnjadi i jaradi na teritoriji Srbije. Ispitivane životinje su podeljene u dve starosne grupe: do 30 dana i od 31-90 dana. Za dijagnostiku kriptosporodijalnih infekcija korišćene su tri koprološke metode: flotacija po Sheatheru za koncentraciju oocista i modifikovane Ziehl-Neelsen i Kinyoun tehnike kao metode bojenja. Oociste kriptosporidija su ustanovljene kod 42,1% pregledane jagnjadi i 31,8% jaradi. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu jagnjadi i jaradi kao rezervoara infekcije za kriptosporidije drugih vrsta životinja i ljudi u Srbiji.

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among lambs and goat kids in Serbia was examined. The animals were grouped according to age, i.e., up to 30 days and from 31 to 90 days. The infection was diagnosed using three coprological procedures. Sheather’s sugar flotation was employed to determine the concentration of oocysts. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique and modified Kinyoun technique were used as staining procedures. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 42.1% examined lambs and 31.8% goat kids. These findings clearly demonstrate the presence of Cryptospodium infection in lambs and goat kids in Serbia and indicate the potential role of these animals as reservoirs of cryptosporidia., U ovom radu su izneti rezultati Ispitivanja raširenosti Cryptosporidium infekcije kod jagnjadi i jaradi na teritoriji Srbije. Ispitivane životinje su podeljene u dve starosne grupe: do 30 dana i od 31-90 dana. Za dijagnostiku kriptosporodijalnih infekcija korišćene su tri koprološke metode: flotacija po Sheatheru za koncentraciju oocista i modifikovane Ziehl-Neelsen i Kinyoun tehnike kao metode bojenja. Oociste kriptosporidija su ustanovljene kod 42,1% pregledane jagnjadi i 31,8% jaradi. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu jagnjadi i jaradi kao rezervoara infekcije za kriptosporidije drugih vrsta životinja i ljudi u Srbiji.