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2019 SEP 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Current study results on Oncology - Ovarian Cancer have been published. According to news [...]

2019 AUG 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Investigators publish new report on Oncology - Ovarian Cancer. According to news reporting originating [...]

A research paper published in Oncoscience discusses the potential of the cancer testis antigen DDX53 as an early esophageal cancer antigen. The study explores the role of T-lymphocytes in creating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that worsens prognosis for esophageal carcinoma. The researchers identified tumor resident T-cell receptor complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid sequences and evaluated their chemical complementarity with CTAs. The study found that high TCR CDR3-DDX53 complementarity correlated with worse disease-free survival and a greater proportion of tumor samples lacking DDX53 expression. These findings suggest that the TCR-antigen interaction may induce selective pressure resulting in antigen loss and tumor cell escape from the immune response. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a novel treatment for T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. The treatment, called an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), combines an antibody that targets a protein expressed on the surface of T-cell cancers with an anti-cancer drug. In mouse models, the treatment effectively killed T-cell cancers while preserving normal T cells. The researchers are now working with an industry partner to conduct early-phase trials in human patients. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Shenzhen; People's Republic of China; Asia; Antigens; Biological Factors; Biological Products; Cancer; Cancer Vaccines; Drugs and Therapies; Emerging Technologies; Health and Medicine; Immunization; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Nanotechnology; Nanovaccines; Oncology; Tumors; Vaccination; Vaccines EN Shenzhen People's Republic of China Asia Antigens Biological Factors Biological Products Cancer Cancer Vaccines Drugs and Therapies Emerging Technologies Health and Medicine Immunization Immunology Immunotherapy Nanotechnology Nanovaccines Oncology Tumors Vaccination Vaccines 22 22 1 05/08/23 20230508 NES 230508 2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- Researchers detail new data in Immunization - Cancer Vaccines. In this paper, we report findings about a bioadhesive nanoparticle (BNP)-based separable cancer vaccine, FeSHK@B-ovalbumin (OVA), to target multi-epitope antigens and exert effective cancer immunotherapy." According to the news editors, the research concluded: "By leveraging the antigen depots in situ and the synergistic effect among multi-epitope antigens, such a nanovaccine strategy with stealthy bioadhesion may offer a straightforward and efficient approach to developing various cancer vaccines for different types of tumors.". [Extracted from the article]

Some serology assays demonstrated useful for post-treatment monitoring of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Serology frequently has low specificity, which might be improved by the use of recombinant antigens. The Strongy Detect ELISA is based on 2 recombinant antigens (SsIR and NIE) and proved good accuracy. Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of this test for the post-treatment monitoring of strongyloidiasis. We tested 38 paired sera, with matched fecal tests results, stored in our biobank and originating from a randomized controlled trial. At baseline, all patients tested positive for at least 1 fecal assay among PCR, direct stool microscopy and agar plate culture. Patients were re-tested with both serology and fecal assays 12 months after treatment. Primary outcome was the relative reduction in optical density (OD) between baseline and follow up. We observed that about 95% samples showed a reduction between pre and post-treatment OD, with a median relative reduction of 93.9% (IQR 77.3%–98.1%). In conclusion, the test proved reliable for post-treatment monitoring. However, some technical issues, including that the threshold for positivity has not be predefined, and that a substantial number of samples showed overflow signals, need to be fixed to permit use in routine practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists at the University of Southern California (USC) have developed a technique to modify B cells, a type of immune cell, to produce customized antibodies that can target and destroy cancer cells or HIV. The researchers used CRISPR gene editing to insert instructions for custom antibodies into the B cells' DNA, allowing them to act as biofactories for producing these antibodies. This breakthrough could have applications in treating a wide range of diseases, and the researchers are working with the USC Stevens Center for Innovation to license the technology for commercial use. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review conducted by researchers at the University of Brescia in Italy explores the potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor. CAR-T cell therapy involves genetically modifying a patient's T cells to target a specific GBM antigen before reintroducing them into the body. The review analyzed 8 studies conducted between 2015 and 2023, involving a total of 151 patients. While the results varied, targeting antigens like EGFRvIII and IL13Ra2 showed promise in treating recurrent GBM. However, challenges such as antigen escape, tumor heterogeneity, and immunosuppression need to be addressed for optimal efficacy. Ongoing research is crucial to refine CAR-T cell therapy and improve outcomes for GBM patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study on personalized medicine has been published, focusing on therapeutic cancer vaccines. The research highlights the challenges in developing a universal vaccine for specific cancers, as tumors have different antigens for different individuals and may be similar to the body's own antigens. The study emphasizes the importance of developing personalized cancer vaccines that can distinguish between tumor and body antigens. The research also discusses the potential use of technologies like cold plasma and cancer stem cells in future cancer vaccine development. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06333275, is currently underway to investigate vaccine immunity in patients with B-cell malignancies who have undergone CAR-T cell therapy. The trial aims to determine if these patients lose vaccine protection against common vaccine-preventable pathogens and if current re-vaccination recommendations are effective in restoring vaccine protection. It also seeks to identify factors that may predict vaccine response after CAR-T therapy. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the extent of immunity loss and the need for re-vaccination in CAR-T patients, potentially improving vaccine strategies for this population. Additionally, there is another clinical trial recruiting participants to study the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in patients with B-cell malignancies. The trial is being conducted in Switzerland and is open to eligible patients who have not previously received CAR-T cell therapy. The primary contact for the trial is Dr. Lukas N Baumann, and the estimated completion date is December 2026. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in a highly endemic area in Brazil, comparing it to the Kato-Katz (KK) technique for sensitivity, specificity and the intensity of the reaction of the test in relation to the parasitic load. The community in Sergipe, Brazil, participated in the study, providing three stool samples, one of urine (POC-CCA) and fingers tick blood sample was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, kappa coefficient and Spearman's correlation were calculated for the POC-CCA test using the KK as the reference. The prevalence of schistosomiasis by KK testing was 48.82%; POC-CCA (t+) 66.14%; POC-CCA (t−) 45.24%. ELISA results showed 100% agreement in individuals with high and moderate eggs per gram (EPG). POC-CCA presented good diagnostic performance in individuals with medium and high EPG, but there were a high number of false negatives in individuals with low intensity infections. As observed, POC-CCA-filter test improves accuracy and sensitivity compared to a conventional test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists at Juntendo University School of Medicine in Japan have made a breakthrough in developing a potential therapy for cervical cancer. They have successfully engineered rejuvenated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (rejTs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to target HPV-specific antigens expressed in cervical cancer cells. By using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, the researchers were able to modify the iPSCs to evade attacks from the patient's immune system. In preclinical experiments, the gene-edited rejTs showed promising results in fighting cervical cancer cells while evading immune responses. The researchers plan to conduct a clinical trial in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the repair mechanisms for acute and persistent lesions in the gastroduodenal mucosa. Superficial lesions are rapidly healed through a process called restitution, while deeper lesions require mucosal regeneration. The article highlights recent studies on calcium signaling, focal adhesion kinase, and microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models that contribute to understanding these repair mechanisms. The research was supported by the NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Kyverna Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing cell therapies for autoimmune diseases, congratulates Prof. Georg Schett and his team on the publication of a case series in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study reports on 15 patients with severe autoimmune diseases who received a single infusion of autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. After treatment, all patients were able to discontinue immunosuppressive therapy, and the treatment was well tolerated with mild side effects. This research offers hope for patients with autoimmune diseases and paves the way for further clinical studies on CAR T-cell therapies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) have made a breakthrough in the field of cancer gene therapy. They have discovered the three-dimensional protein structure that allows peptide-centric chimeric antigen receptors (PC-CARs) to recognize the "backbones" of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are responsible for distinguishing proteins in the immune system. This discovery will enable the design of PC-CARs that can target multiple HLAs, increasing the efficiency of therapeutic design and potentially treating more complex and difficult-to-treat tumors. The findings have been published in the journal Science Immunology. CHOP is currently recruiting patients for clinical trials based on their HLA genotypes to further explore the effectiveness of PC-CARs in treating rare and complex forms of cancer. [Extracted from the article]

Therefore, an ideal tumor vaccine should effectively solve the problem of tumor heterogeneity and deliver tumor antigens to lymph nodes, promoting antigen uptake and presentation by antigen-presenting cells to stimulate T cell activation. Traditional tumor vaccines utilize tumor cells or tumor antigens to induce specific anti-tumor immune responses, inhibit tumor growth, and achieve the goal of tumor clearance.". [Extracted from the article]

As the CAR-T cells killed tumor cells expressing the target antigen, host T cells (not the engineered CAR-T cells) encountered other antigens from those tumor cells, stimulating those host T cells to target those antigens and help destroy tumor cells. They found that even in tumors where only 50 percent of the tumor cells expressed the target antigen, about 25 percent of the tumors could still be eradicated, by a combination of CAR-T cells and host T-cells. "That would be exactly the kind of thing that could help you deal with the antigen heterogeneity of solid tumors, because if you primed host T-cells to attack other antigens, they may be able to come in and kill the tumor cells that your CAR-T cells cannot", Irvine says. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Ibaraki; Japan; Asia; Antigens; Biochemicals; Biochemistry; Cancer; Chemicals; Epitopes; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Molecular Chaperones; Oncology; Proteins EN Ibaraki Japan Asia Antigens Biochemicals Biochemistry Cancer Chemicals Epitopes Health and Medicine Immunology Molecular Chaperones Oncology Proteins 42 42 1 05/08/23 20230508 NES 230508 2023 MAY 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Vaccine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Oncology - Cancer. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from National Institute Biomedical Innovation Health & Nutrition, "To date, numerous pathogen-derived epitopes and cancer cell-specific epitopes have been identified and used in the development of mRNA and peptide vaccines, but much remains unknown regarding the intracellular mechanisms that generate these antigen epitopes. [Extracted from the article]

Overall, these findings elucidate the role of sialylated goblet cell mucins in protecting the ocular surface from allergens and highlight the importance of sialylation in regulating mucin functions in the conjunctiva. These showed that Ao mice with sialylated ocular mucins had a reduced antigen response, retained lesser amount of pollen, and were better protected against allergic conjunctivitis, compared to Balb/c mice. Keywords: Allergens; Allergies; Allergy Research; Antigens; Cancer; Colon Cancer; Flowering Tops; Genetics; Glycoconjugates; Glycoproteins; Goblet Cells; Health and Medicine; Immune System Diseases and Conditions; Immunology; Intestinal Mucosa; Juntendo University Research Promotion Center; Oncology; Plant Germ Cells; Plant Structures; Pollen; Pulmonology; Risk and Prevention EN Allergens Allergies Allergy Research Antigens Cancer Colon Cancer Flowering Tops Genetics Glycoconjugates Glycoproteins Goblet Cells Health and Medicine Immune System Diseases and Conditions Immunology Intestinal Mucosa Juntendo University Research Promotion Center Oncology Plant Germ Cells Plant Structures Pollen Pulmonology Risk and Prevention 976 976 1 04/17/23 20230418 NES 230418 2023 APR 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Oncology Week -- The goblet cell is a specialized cell that plays a vital role in protecting wet surfaces of the body, such as the eye. [Extracted from the article]

Details findings of epidemiologic studies, conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Austrian urologists, that link prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening to the declining prostate cancer mortality rates in the United States and Austria. Percent decline in age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality rates among white men and African-American men; Indications of stage-specific survival rates.

The article reports that Massachusetts Institute of Technology's scientists photographed the antibody molecules in which their shape and size were revealed. It mentions that antibody molecules are considered as defense agents against various diseases. It states that the picture of a rabbit antibody shows average molecule dimensions and that antibodies are rod-like structures. Moreover, it says that a theory indicates that antigen plays as a sort of form together with other antibody components.

The article offers information on a project of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on the field of immunochemistry. The projects aims to compile knowledge of the molecular basis of immunochemical interactions, summarize the applications in many health-related areas, and discuss future research needs. It was describe advances in the understanding of chemical interactions between antigens and T-cell receptors (TCR).

The article focuses on the importance of getting flu vaccine during flu season months from October to May. Persons 65 years and older are believed to have higher risk of contracting the virus as immune systems have been weakened with age. Early vaccination is recommended as antibodies develop in the body two weeks later. Also discussed is Fluzone High-Dose vaccine that was introduced in 2010 to 2011 and specifically designed for seniors as it contains more antigens than in regular flu shots.

Reports on doctor Thomas S. Stamey's remarks about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at the 1995 American Urological Association's (AUA) 90th Annual Meeting. PSA assay's inability to provide an estimate of cancer volume in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer; Refinements to PSA measures; Effects of therapy on PSA levels; Disagreements on the overall efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PSA testing.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are leading a flow cytometry quantitation consortium to serve the flow cytometry communities (1). The [...]

2020 FEB 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Fresh data on ovarian cancer are presented in a new report. According to news [...]

2019 JUL 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Over the past decades, the idea that all adults should get regularly screened for [...]

Byline: Sivaraman. Murugan, Priya. Sundaralakshmi Ocular tuberculosis can affect all the ocular layers. It can either occur in isolation or with a pulmonary, or with another extra pulmonary focus. Tubercular [...]

2019 MAY 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- New research on Oncology - Breast Cancer is the subject of a report. According [...]

2019 APR 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- DUARTE, Calif. -- City of Hope, a world-renowned independent research and treatment center for [...]

Byline: Jie. Chen, Zhengyu. Lin, Jin. Chen, Qingfeng. Lin, Jian. Chen, Yuan. Yan Purpose: The purpose of the study is to assess the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided [...]

ABSTRACT In animal studies, we have demonstrated that the dose of an injected H5N1 vaccine candidate can be significantly reduced by using a skin patch containing E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin [...]