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In this paper, we consider the distributed filtering problem for continuous-time stochastic systems over sensor networks subject to Markovian switching topologies. Due to limited communication energy and bandwidth, an event-based communication scheme is proposed with the aim to decrease the transmission frequency. An individual triggering condition is put forward to regulate the communication rates for each component of the system state in order to better reflect the engineering requirements. The aim of this paper is to design a distributed filter over sensor networks with Markovian switching topologies such that the dynamics of the estimation error is exponentially mean-square bounded. It is shown that, with the proposed event-based distributed filtering algorithm, the exponential mean-square boundedness of the estimation errors is guaranteed if the sensor network is distributively detectable and the combined communication topology is strongly connected. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the developed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may cause death by damaging some of the patient's vital organs through weakening the body's immune system, including CD 4 + T cells. In the meantime, mathematical models can be useful in dealing with this deadly virus by providing effective strategies based on the examination of different infection states. The major aim pursued in this paper is to present a computational algorithm for solving nonlinear systems of ordinary and partial differential equations resulting from the HIV infection models of CD 4 + T cells. The offered method is developed according to the use of local radial basis functions (LRBFs) as shape functions in the discrete collocation scheme. The new technique approximates the solution by a small set of nodes instead of all points located in the domain where the HIV mathematical model is given. Thus the presented method uses less computing volume compared to the globally supported radial basis functions, and as a result, its algorithm can be quickly run on a computer with relatively low memory. The computational efficiency of the scheme is studied by several test examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel risk-sensitive (RS) control law is proposed for linear systems with stochastic system parameters. RS control laws are efficient means of handling risk in various failures in control caused by stochastic disturbances. However, stochastic parameters invoke problems, resulting controllers may become nonlinear in the state variable and incompatible with linear systems, cannot be obtained in an exact sense, and are defined only on a bounded state region. To solve these problems, this paper presents a risk-sensitive linear (RSL) control method. The important idea is that a standard RS-type cost function is converted to an expectation of a weighted cost function such that the resulting optimal controller is linear in the state. The weight is designed such that the weighted cost function preserves the characteristics of the original RS control. The designed weight allows one to derive the proposed RSL controller whose exact solution is obtained as a linear feedback law for all states. Furthermore, the RSL control law over an infinite horizon guarantees stochastic stability of the feedback system with the control law. The effectiveness of the proposed RSL control law is demonstrated by a numerical simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Biotechnology; Cancer; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Oncology EN Biotechnology Cancer Genetics Health and Medicine Oncology 252 252 1 06/26/23 20230629 NES 230629 2023 JUN 29 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Research findings on cancer are discussed in a new report. In this paper, we have benchmarked the ability of RNA-Seq-based methods to profile TCR repertoires by examining 19 bulk RNA-Seq samples across 4 cancer cohorts including both T-cell-rich and T-cell-poor tissue types. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have developed a novel treatment for T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. The treatment, called an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), combines an antibody that targets a protein expressed on the surface of T-cell cancers with an anti-cancer drug. In mouse models, the treatment effectively killed T-cell cancers while preserving normal T cells. The researchers are now working with an industry partner to conduct early-phase trials in human patients. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered that the cholesterol-lowering drug fenofibrate can enhance the effectiveness of cell-based therapy in fighting solid tumors, such as melanoma. The team found that fenofibrate can switch the metabolism of T cells from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation, providing the cells with an energy source that cancer cells cannot exploit. In preclinical models, T cells treated with fenofibrate survived longer and killed more cancer cells compared to untreated T cells. This intervention shows promise for future anti-tumor therapies and could make a significant difference in the treatment of melanoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Astellas Pharma in Leiden, Netherlands, explores the regulatory framework for the development of engineered T-cell therapies in the European Union (EU). The study emphasizes the need for constant review and adjustment of regulatory approaches to accelerate the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) for cancer patients with limited treatment options. The researchers propose leveraging tools within the existing EU regulatory framework to facilitate an iterative and adaptive learning approach across different product versions. While the study focuses on CAR- and TCR-engineered T-cell therapies, the concepts discussed may be applicable to a broader range of engineered cell therapy products. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) have developed a novel method for detecting contaminants in T-cell cultures within 24 hours. This method, which utilizes machine learning algorithms and third-generation nanopore long-read sequencing, is faster and more accurate than traditional sterility tests, which can take up to 14 days. The researchers aim to improve the safety and efficiency of cell therapy manufacturing, ultimately benefiting patients by ensuring the safety and reliability of cell therapy products. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the research paper "Results from a phase I study of AMG 160, a half-life extended (HLE), PSMA-targeted, bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) immune therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)," by Ben Tran, L. Horvath, T. Dorff, et al., which was presented at the 2020 European Society for Medical Oncology Virtual Congress held on September 19-21. Also detailed are the safety and the antitumor activity of AMG 160.

In this paper, we present an algorithm inspired on the T-Cell model of the immune system (i.e., an artificial immune system), which is used to solve economic dispatch problems. The proposed approach is called IA_EDP, which stands for Immune Algorithm for Economic Dispatch Problem , and it uses two versions of a redistribution power operator which tries to keep feasible the solutions that it finds. The proposed approach is validated using eight problems taken from the specialized literature. Our results are compared with respect to those obtained by several other approaches. We also perform some statistical analysis in order to determine the sensitivity of our proposed approach to its parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study published in Hepatology explores the pathology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a type of fatty liver disease caused by poor diet and obesity. The study focuses on understanding the behavior of T cells in individuals with liver cirrhosis and an animal model of MASH. The researchers aim to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms driving MASH in order to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. The study suggests that antigen-activated CD8+ T cells may play a role in the development of MASH, and further research is needed to understand their timing and persistence in the liver. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine has found that the spatial arrangement of three specific immune cells is crucial for effectively attacking tumors. The study discovered that a triad of immune cells, including one dendritic cell, one cytotoxic T cell, and one helper T cell, must be physically present together in tumors in order to generate an effective immune response against cancer cells. This finding has important implications for the development of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines, as well as the identification of biomarkers for predicting individual responses to treatment. Further research is being conducted to explore these implications and advance the field of cancer immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Charles University have conducted a study on the effects of radiation, T cell depletion, and bone marrow transplantation on the gut microbiota of mice. The study found that radiation had different effects on the microbiota in the ileum and caecum, with the caecum showing increased interindividual variation. The researchers also observed changes in the composition of the ileum, including an increase in bacterial taxa that are important for host health. The study highlights the importance of considering different intestinal regions when studying the microbiome's response to environmental stressors. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: In this paper, a metaheuristic inspired on the T-Cell model of the immune system (i.e., an artificial immune system) is introduced. The proposed approach (called DTC, for Dynamic T-Cell) is used to solve dynamic optimization problems, and is validated using test problems taken from the specialized literature on dynamic optimization. Results are compared with respect to artificial immune approaches representative of the state-of-the-art in the area. Some statistical analyses are also performed, in order to determine the sensitivity of the proposed approach to its parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For the month of August 2021, APBN looks at some of the progress made in cancer research. In Features, we have Yie Hou Lee and Michael Birnbaum from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (SMART-CAMP) to share about the future of CAR T cell manufacturing. Next, a team of researchers from the National Neuroscience Institute, National University of Singapore, and the Duke-NUS Medical School enlightens us on the difficulty of treating glioblastoma brain tumours and how they plan to address its critical issues. Then we have Dr. Chi-Jui Liu and Hsiao Yun Lu to talk about hereditary cancers and how we may improve our odds in this game of roulette. In Columns, we have an analysis by Dr. Ping-Chung Leung on the integrative use of Traditional Chinese Medicine in managing treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients and a reflection by Dr. Chris Nave on the lessons we can take away from the development of COVID-19 vaccines. Finally, in Spotlights, we share highlights from the Vaccines World Summit 2021 and an interview with Mr. Abel Ang, Group Chief Executive of Advanced MedTech on how their new venture AbAsia Biolabs can help meet Singapore' need for increased COVID-19 test kits as we enter a new normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company explores the challenges and lessons learned in the development of autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy from a statistical perspective. CAR T-cell therapy is a form of gene therapy where a patient's T cells are genetically modified to better recognize target antigens. Despite the progress made in CAR T-cell therapies, there are still statistical challenges that need to be addressed, such as dose finding strategies, the use of real-world data, and long-term safety analysis. This research aims to summarize and address these statistical hurdles based on the development of the six approved CAR T-cell products. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Henan University in China discusses the challenges of tumor immune escape in cancer treatment and the potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. The researchers developed a mathematical model to study the interactions between tumor cells, immune escape tumor cells, and T lymphocytes. Bifurcation analysis revealed the existence of backward and saddle-node bifurcations, and the model exhibited bistability. Simulation studies confirmed the analysis results and showed that CAR T-cell therapy can reduce the size of immune escape tumors, with the treatment effect depending on the therapy's strength. [Extracted from the article]

Kyverna Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing cell therapies for autoimmune diseases, congratulates Prof. Georg Schett and his team on the publication of a case series in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study reports on 15 patients with severe autoimmune diseases who received a single infusion of autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. After treatment, all patients were able to discontinue immunosuppressive therapy, and the treatment was well tolerated with mild side effects. This research offers hope for patients with autoimmune diseases and paves the way for further clinical studies on CAR T-cell therapies. [Extracted from the article]

The present study was performed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of Theileria annulata transformed dendritic cells (TaDCs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) to compare differences in antigen presentation and stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen presentation for T lymphocyte proliferation was analysed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the level of mRNA transcription of small GTPases of the Rab family expressed in the TaDC cell line was analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). The endocytosis rate of TaDCs was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in MoDCs. In contrast, when T lymphocytes were co-cultured with TaDC-APCs T cell proliferation was similar, while co-culture with MoDC-APC stimulated proliferation of CD4+ cells to a greater degree than CD8+ cells. However, the efficacy of TaDC-APCs to stimulate T lymphocytes dropped as the number of passages of TaDC-APC increased. Likewise, the transcription level of Rab family genes also significantly (P > 0.001) declined with progressive passages (>50) of the TaDC cell line. We conclude that initially the TaDC cell line efficiently presents antigen to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation to produce a cellular immune response against the presented antigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports a study by molecular biologists showing that regulatory T-cells, or Treg cells, play a role in ensuring a pregnant woman's body does not reject the embryo. The study, detailed on a web page from the journal "PLoS ONE," showed that chemical signalers called chemokines summon T-cells to the uterus, where they suppress the activity of immune cells that might otherwise attack the embryo. In mice, chemokine levels were showed to be linked to the menstrual cycle.

A recent study conducted at the University of Minnesota explored the role of citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis. The researchers found that HLA-DR-bound citrullinated peptides do not act as neo-antigens and instead induce varying degrees of immune tolerance, which could potentially serve as a barrier to the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The study used fluorophore-conjugated HLA-DR tetramers containing citrullinated peptides from different proteins to track CD4+ T cells. The findings suggest that understanding immune tolerance mechanisms could be crucial in developing new treatments for arthritis. [Extracted from the article]

ASIA-PACIFIC – Quick thinking? It's all down to timing. ASIA-PACIFIC – New study exposes need for better management of anaemia. ASIA-PACIFIC – New technique shows promise for heart muscle regeneration. ASIA-PACIFIC – Programming T cells to treat liver cancer. ASIA-PACIFIC – Instilling new life into cells with hydrogels. ASIA-PACIFIC – Marine sponge tests point to human microbiome answers. REST OF THE WORLD – Wheat that fights celiac disease. REST OF THE WORLD – Studies give new insights on immunotherapy in elderly patients with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and its reaction to human immune cells. It states T. vaginalis is one of three trichomonad species that infect humans. It states that T. vaginalis is able to poison T cells and B cells but is less capable at killing monocytes. It mentions that neutrophils were able to kill the parasite using trogocytosis with multiple neutrophils surrounding the parasite. It commented on the parasite's use of extracellular vesicles.

According to news reporting originating from Athens, Greece, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Chronic Myelogenous leukemia at blast crisis with a T-cell phenotype (T-ALL CML-BC) at diagnosis, without any prior history of CML is extremely rare. Keywords: Athens; Greece; Europe; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Cancer; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Diagnostics and Screening; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Hematology; Leukemia; Myelogenous Leukemia; Oncology EN Athens Greece Europe Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cancer Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Diagnostics and Screening Genetics Health and Medicine Hematology Leukemia Myelogenous Leukemia Oncology 341 341 1 09/11/23 20230912 NES 230912 2023 SEP 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Researchers detail new data in Oncology - Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses CAR-T cell therapy, an experimental cancer treatment. It provides information on the risks associated with the immune therapy, noting that T cells used to attack cancer cells can cause a surge of cytokines into the bloodstream and cause inflammation. Efforts to develop safer cytokines and a universal CAR-T cell are covered.

As the CAR-T cells killed tumor cells expressing the target antigen, host T cells (not the engineered CAR-T cells) encountered other antigens from those tumor cells, stimulating those host T cells to target those antigens and help destroy tumor cells. They found that even in tumors where only 50 percent of the tumor cells expressed the target antigen, about 25 percent of the tumors could still be eradicated, by a combination of CAR-T cells and host T-cells. "That would be exactly the kind of thing that could help you deal with the antigen heterogeneity of solid tumors, because if you primed host T-cells to attack other antigens, they may be able to come in and kill the tumor cells that your CAR-T cells cannot", Irvine says. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Antigen Receptors; Blood Protein Disorders; Cancer; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Studies; Health and Medicine; Hematologic Diseases and Conditions; Hematology; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases and Conditions; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Immunologic Receptors; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Membrane Proteins; Multiple Myeloma; Myeloma; Oncology; Paraproteinemias; Vascular Diseases and Conditions EN Antigen Receptors Blood Protein Disorders Cancer Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Studies Health and Medicine Hematologic Diseases and Conditions Hematology Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases and Conditions Hemorrhagic Disorders Hemostatic Disorders Immunologic Receptors Immunoproliferative Disorders Lymphoproliferative Disorders Membrane Proteins Multiple Myeloma Myeloma Oncology Paraproteinemias Vascular Diseases and Conditions 953 953 1 07/03/23 20230703 NES 230703 2023 JUL 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hematology Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in multiple myeloma. Antigen Receptors, Blood Protein Disorders, Cancer, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Studies, Health and Medicine, Hematologic Diseases and Conditions, Hematology, Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases and Conditions, Hemorrhagic Disorders, Hemostatic Disorders, Immunologic Receptors, Immunoproliferative Disorders, Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Membrane Proteins, Multiple Myeloma, Myeloma, Oncology, Paraproteinemias, Vascular Diseases and Conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Bioengineering; Biological Therapy; Biomedical Engineering; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Cancer; Cancer Gene Therapy; Cell Therapy; Drugs and Therapies; Gene Therapy; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; Therapy EN Bioengineering Biological Therapy Biomedical Engineering Biomedicine Biotechnology Cancer Cancer Gene Therapy Cell Therapy Drugs and Therapies Gene Therapy Oncology Pharmaceuticals Therapy 75 75 1 06/12/23 20230612 NES 230612 2023 JUN 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Gene Therapy Week -- Investigators publish new report on cancer gene therapy. Bioengineering, Biological Therapy, Biomedical Engineering, Biomedicine, Biotechnology, Cancer, Cancer Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Drugs and Therapies, Gene Therapy, Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, Therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, Asia, Asia, Biological Therapy, Biotechnology, Cell Therapy, China, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Studies, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Zhejiang University. Keywords: Hangzhou; People's Republic of China; Asia; Biological Therapy; Biotechnology; Cell Therapy; China; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Studies; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine EN Hangzhou People's Republic of China Asia Biological Therapy Biotechnology Cell Therapy China Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Studies Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine 770 770 1 03/27/23 20230327 NES 230327 2023 MAR 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Clinical Trials Week -- New research on Drugs and Therapies - Cell Therapy is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses reprogramming immune cells. Topics include leukemia patient Doug Olson, who went into remission after receiving treatment with altered T cells, developer of a T cell enhancement therapy, Carl June of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia, and pilot trials by June and other scientists using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells against cancers. A chart that lists the various cells in the human immune system and their functions is presented.

An interview with Arie Belldegrun, urology professor and chief executive officer (CEO) of biopharmaceutical company Kite Pharma, is presented. Topics discussed include the benefits and use of cancer immunotherapy in urology, the significance of a multidisciplinary treatment approach, and the outcome and sustainability of the treatment based from a cost standpoint.

By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- TapImmune Inc. (OTCBB: TPIV) is pleased to announce the January publication of a paper titled 'Enzymatic Discovery of a [...]

The article discusses conversation between Sean Parker, cofounder of music focused online service Napstar, and Alex Marson, infectious disease doctor at UC San Francisco, who discuss therapeutic potential of Crispr. Topics dsicussed include ability to reprogram cell's functions along with removal of gene, ability of Crispr to write code in language of genetics, and capabilities of T cells.

Focuses on issues related to the discovery of elusive blood factor allowing some HIV-infected patients to stay healthy in the U.S. Importance of the discovery in finding treatments for HIV; Influence of CD8T cell in fighting the virus; Absence of CD8 antiviral factor in people with AIDS.

'Primary tumors that originated from the pterygopalatine fossa are seen rarely. In this paper, the case of a 69-year-old woman who complained of a 2-month history of headache, extending to [...]

Gamma-delta ([gamma][delta]) T cells make up on average 4-5% of T cells founc in human peripheral blood (1). Two different types predominate; one that is largely found in organs and [...]

There is no doubt that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have had a tremendous positive impact on patients that have received them; however, autologous cell therapies produced in centralized [...]

Smith, Kendall Arthur THE INTERLEUKIN REVOLUTION (NonFiction Nonfiction) Smith looks back on his efforts to elucidate the immune system before his rivals beat him to it in this candid memoir. [...]

Experts believe it is likely cancer cells are more common in the body than previously thought, but typically caught early and removed in the body's cancer-immune cycle. When the system [...]

Experts believe it is likely cancer cells are more common in the body than previously thought, but typically caught early and removed in the body's cancer-immune cycle. When the system [...]

is senior vice-president and head of cell and gene technologies at Lonza Pharma and Biotech. The cell and gene therapy industry is at major inflection point, as therapies move out [...]

India, Sept. 2 -- Vaccines train the immune system to recognise and respond to a particular pathogen, without first having to be infected by it Over the past year or [...]

2020 SEP 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- Compass Therapeutics, Inc. a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing proprietary antibody therapeutics intended to engage [...]

2019 DEC 26 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- SEATTLE -- What if a metal that's already used to repair broken bones, straighten [...]

2019 OCT 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- A unique type of immune cell has been discovered in human breast tissue, and [...]

2019 OCT 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- New research on Oncology - Cervical Cancer is the subject of a report. According [...]

2019 APR 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Women's Health Weekly -- DUARTE, Calif. -- City of Hope, a world-renowned independent research and treatment center for [...]

SUMMONS (CITACION JUDICIAL) CASE No. 37-2016-00034658-CU-PA-CTL NOTICE TO DEFENDANT: (AVISO AL DEMANDADO): DARYL MARTIN; and DOES 1 through 50, inclusive YOU ARE BEING SUED BY PLAINTIFF: (LO ESTA DEMANDANDO EL [...]

SUMMONS (CITACION JUDICIAL) CASE No. 37-2016-00012233-CUOR-CTL NOTICE TO DEFENDANT: (AVISO AL DEMANDADO): All persons unknown, claiming any legal or equitable right, title, estate, lien or interest in the property described [...]